The usual Japanese makes no sense to explain what judo is, since in the country of the rising sun, this kind of martial art goes beyond the usual sport, is a whole cultural phenomenon and a full-fledged vital philosophy. However, outside Japan, judo has tremendous popularity and is part of the fourth of the most popular types of struggle.
Soft way
Giving the definition, what judo, you need to take into account its special position in the world of sports. This is the Japanese martial art based at the end of the last century Jigoro Kano, which formulated the basic principles, the rules for conducting training and competition. In Japan itself, this type of martial arts belongs to modern martial arts.
The name of the judo is translated from the Japanese as a "soft way". Unlike boxing, Tekhvondo, karate there are no blows here, the basis are throws, struggle, covering, pain, retention.
However, judo is also different from the classical and freestyle struggle - when conducting techniques, the rate is not on the physical strength of an athlete, but on his dexterity, coordination. The spectrum of permitted technical actions in judo is of greater larger. The very essence of this type of martial arts is to turn a rude physical enemy against him and win with minimal costs.
Creature
Before the beginning of the twentieth century, no one outside of Japan knew what judo was. The founder of this type of martial arts was the legendary Jigoro Kano, who studied the traditional Judzütsu (Jiu-Jitsu). At the end of the nineteenth century, old martial arts in the country of the rising sun experienced a crisis, it was the process of active borrowing of culture from the West, the former traditions were indulging.
Jigoro Kano developed new martial arts on the basis of Judzüts, filled it with a new meaning and content. He announced the main basis for judo, putting the person in the first place and emphasizing his humanistic essence, as the traditional Judzutsu associated with a gross occupation, intended exclusively for human murder.
He did not include in the new martial art of the most traumatic techniques from Jiu-Jitsu, leaving them exclusively to study in the form of kata.
Spread
The countdown of judo starts from 1882 a day when the first school of Kodokan opened. She was rather small and numbered only 12 tatami, but thanks to the energy of Jigoro Kano, the popularity of judo began to spread across the country with the speed of a steppe fire. By 1887, the technical base was developed and documented, in which a detailed explanation was given what judo was.
Old martial art, filled with new content, began to study at the Japan Military Academy as the most effective means of protection without arms in battle. By 1900, Jigoro Kano developed clear rules of refereeing at competitions.
In parallel, the immigrants from Europe, who became acquainted with this new word in the world of martial arts, brought judo to their countries and popularized him in their homeland. So the brainchild Jigoro Kano began to spread around the world. Ensured Sensei until his death in 1938 was engaged in the development of judo, no longer making the inclusion of Japanese martial arts in the Olympic Games Program in 1964.
Equipment
To understand what this sport is judo, you need to get acquainted with its main content. Popular Japanese martial art consists of three main sections. Kata is a set of exercises performed by a pair of fighters. It is in the Kata section that the most dangerous techniques are studied, not allowed for use in sports judo competitions.
Randori is a struggle according to a certain rules specified in advance. The purpose of Randori is the study and consolidation of specific technical techniques. Siai - Actually Competitions themselves.
Technical arsenal of techniques, which show what judo in action is distinguished by a large variety and is divided into three large groups. Nage Vadza - technique of throws. Katam Vadza - immobilization technique. ATEMI VADZA - shock technology.
In turn, immobilizing techniques are divided into suffocating, pain and retaining. ATEMI VADZA, as well as the most dangerous to health techniques from the first two sections, are examined exclusively in the form of kata and are not allowed for use in competitions.
In total, the first section includes 67 receptions, in the second - 29. In turn, the number of combinations of all these techniques is countlessly and depends exclusively from the fantasy and creative possibilities of an athlete and coach who have long discovered for themselves what kind of sports - judo.
Throw and suffocating techniques
One of the indigenous distinctions of judo from classical types of struggle is a kind of protective stand. Looking at just a couple of minutes of any fight, you can already be an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat kind of sport judo.
It is forbidden to meet the opponent using a low protective rack, the fighter should defend with a straight back. This opens up a wide scope for a large number of diverse throws. One way to achieve victory is to overturn the opponent on the back, for which they carry out.
They are in judo spend through the back, thigh, shoulder. There is an opportunity to make the steps, coverings, pickups. Tilting the opponent both from the rack and with a drop.
Another way to finish the fight to finish the counterpart. For this, there is a whole arsenal of pain and suffocating techniques. The most common among pain receivers are various levers and nodes. The levers include techniques, flexing the limb in the joint above the painful limit, and to the nodes - twisting of the hand in the joint.
For the sake of decline in lesserbiness in sports judo, only pain of the elbow joint is allowed.
As a means of self-defense
Judo formed the basis of many popular species of martial arts, including Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Sambo, created in the USSR in the thirties of the last century. This is explained by the high efficiency of this martial arts in self-defense.
Thanks to thoughtful training with sparring partner, speed, strength, endurance and coordination of movements are developing.
The very essence of judo lies in permanent falls, so one of the fundamental principles began this sport is a training for safe drops, which is why the possibility of injuries is sharply reduced.
Judo rules encourage a rapid transition to suffering and pain after making throws, which gives the necessary self-defense skills.
Dzudoists who perfectly honed their thrust techniques, are able to perfectly monitor the position of the opponent during the reception, which makes it possible to choose the necessary degree of impact in self-defense in relation to it.
rules
Judo sport is Olympic, which causes his widespread all over the world. World Championships, Europe, prestigious commercial tournaments are held. True, the rules of sports judo have undergone a prominent transformation from the time of Jigoro Kano.
Fighter scaffolds are carried out on tatami sizes 14x14 meters. In turn, within this zone, the limits of a smaller square with dimensions of 8x8 or 10x10 meters are outlined. Any technical actions are allowed to be carried out solely inside this combat zone.
During the competitions under the auspices of the International Federation, athletes are dressed in judogs of white and blue. The fight lasts five minutes. In the event of a draw outcome, an unlimited extra time is assigned to the first successful technical action or warning.
The athletes can pursue from the rack, suffocating and pain in the case when the fight goes into the parter. In sports judo, it is forbidden to carry out retaining techniques in the rack. Also limited the scope of the use of pain. It is possible to carry out only manipulations with the limbs in the elbow joint, unlike sambo, where it is allowed to work with the knees of the enemy.
Judo in the Olympic Movement
Judo competitions among men were first included in the Olympic Games program in 1964 in Tokyo. Only 4 sets of awards were played, including competitions in the absolute weight category. Then the Japanese did not know themselves equal and won 3 gold. However, the wins of the Great Dutch Wrestler Anton Geszynka in the most prestigious weight category became a spoonful of the tar for them.
Judo - what is this sport for children
Ensured Japanese martial art has a deservedly high reputation worldwide. For children, this is one of the best kinds of sports. Judo training sees can be killed several hare. First of all, these are excellent classes for the development of strength, endurance, dexterity. In addition, Judo is one of the most effective martial arts for self-defense, which will help the child feel confident in everyday life.
Unlike traditional species of oriental martial arts, there are no dangerous strikes in judo, which contributes to its contact list of the safest contact sports. Even the activities of football and hockey, according to statistics, are more traumatic.
What is judo for children? This is one of the most recommended martial arts.
- Judo (j. Martial Arts Jigoro Kano (Yap. 嘉納 治五郎 Kano: Jigoro: 1860 - 1938), which also formulated the basic rules and principles of training and exercises.
The date of birth of judo is the day of the founding of Kano of the first school judo Codokan (Yap. 講道館 KO: To: Kan, "Institute for Studying the Way") in 1882. According to the classification adopted in Japan, judo refers to the so-called modern martial arts (Ganda Budo, as opposed to traditional military arts - Budsutsu Kori).
Unlike boxing, karate and other shock styles of martial arts, the base of judo are throws, pain, hold and strokes in the parter. Strokes and part of the most traumatic techniques are studied only in the form of kata, where the purpose of performing admission over the partner is only the accuracy of movements.
From other types of struggle (Greco-Roman wrestling, free struggle), judo is characterized by less use of physical force when performing the receptions and a large variety of permitted technical actions.
Possessing a significant philosophical component, judo is based on three main principles: mutual assistance and understanding to achieve greater progress, the best use of the body and spirit, and to succumb to win. Before judo engaged in judo, the goals of physical education, preparation for hand-to-hand combat and the improvement of consciousness, which requires discipline, perseverance, self-control, compliance with etiquette, understanding the relationship between success and necessary efforts to achieve it.
At present, the so-called traditional judo (presented by the judo code and a number of other judo Schools) and sports judo, competitions in the international level and are held at the international level and are held in the Olympic Games Competitions. In sports judo, developed by the International Judo Federation (IJF), a greater emphasis on the competitive component is made, while in traditional judo, additional attention is paid to self-defense issues and philosophy, which, not least, influenced the differences in the rules of competition and allowed receiving .
Judo technique was based on many modern martial arts styles, including sambo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Cavaisi Ryu Jüdzutsu, Casan Judo. Judo in his youth was engaged in Morihei Wassiba (the creator of Aikido), Mitsuyu Maeda (Basil Giu-Jitsu, Vasily Oschempkov (one of the creators of Sambo) and Godzo Sodo (Founder of the style of Yoshinkan Aikido).
Judo - One of the types of sports fighting. As in any other combat art in Judo there is a translation: Dzu - softness, up to-way. The main thing in judo is not power, but dexterity. The main principle is to use the opponent's strength. The athlete tries to put an opponent on the blade, thereby woning victory.
Judo's struggle takes its origins in Japan in the XIX century, as one of the modernization of Jiu-Jitsu. In the 20th century, this sport extends outside Japan, and in 1964 it enters the Olympic Games program. In any sport, regular training needs, requiring one hundred percent return. In judo the same. The athlete must be not so strong as a clever and be able to fall. In Judo there are various decline techniques.
Basic laws judo
The founder of this martial art is Jigoro Kano, by means of judo, create its own system of laws. This system was aimed at raising a person. In addition, he considered this struggle as a means of upbringing, and not as a pastime. He developed five basic principles that the following says:
1. Since I decided to devote himself to the struggle of judo, I will not give up training without serious reasons.
2. I will try my behavior not to drop my dignity and dignity of the teacher.
3. I will never issue the secrets of the school uninitiated and only in the extreme case I will take lessons anywhere else.
4. I promise not to give lessons without the permission of my teacher.
5. I swear throughout my life, respect the Codecan rules, now as a student, and later as a teacher, if I become it.
Judo technique
Judo is based on the study of the techniques of throws, pain, retention and suffocations as in the rack, the same on the floor. But the blows are studying in the kata system. Kata - a formalized sequence of movements associated with the principles of fighting with an imaginary opponent or a group of opponents. The principle of studying Kata is simple: repeating many times of the movement, the practitioner of martial art tears its body to a certain kind of movements, withdrawing them to the unconscious level. Thus, falling into an extreme situation, the body itself applies these movements already based on the developed reflexes. It is Kata that is one of the three components of judo. Two other principles are: Randori and Siai. Randori. - The struggle according to the predefined rules with a fir of training in any technical techniques. Siai - competitions.
Judo - art for self-defense
We will understand what qualities develops judo. First, training with the enemy, which resists in full force, serves the development of speed, endurance, strength and reaction. Secondly, the workshop of the throw technique produces control of the opponent's position when throwing, which allows you to choose the desired stiffness of the impact in situations with self-defense. Thirdly, mental and physical readiness for drops and shocks is produced.
Judo-path to self-improvement, unlike other types of martial arts, such as karate and boxing, the basis are not shocks, but the technique of struggle in the rack. From other types of struggle (Greco-Roman struggle, free struggle), judo has less use of physical strength and a large variety of technical actions that are permitted. Therefore, judo is suitable for both adults and children.
Founder Codokan Judo Kano Dzigaro was born in 1860 in a small seaside town of Mikage. Family Kano belonged to the glorious once samurai genus, so Dtenie Kano received a comprehensive education, was adjacent to sciences and enhanced. In 1971, the Kano family moved to Tokyo and after graduating from high school Dzigaro Kano enters Tokyo Imperial University. As a child, Kano was a painful child. Because of the physical weakness, he was often subjected to beating from street loop. Therefore, he began to look for the opportunity to fix his so miserable health. He began to engage in many sports, among them you can distinguish such as: baseball, rowing, gymnastics and tourism. Two years later, Kano noted with satisfaction that he became quite healthy and now he has a pretty strong body, but the decisive fracture in his life came when he decided to explore Judzyutsu. It is at the university that he penetrates the idea of \u200b\u200bthe possibility of achieving the harmonious body development and spirit, practicing Judzyutsu.
After a long study by Judzütsu under the guidance of various masters, the final, cumulative action of classes in Tenjin, Shinyu-Ryu and Quito-Ryu was not only a further strengthening of the physical condition of Kano, but also becoming an incredible thirst for knowledge about Judzyutsu. He began to consider other Ryu classic budsuity from a scientific point of view, especially the methods of unarmed struggle, former naval education subjects in Sakguti-Ryu schools and Sayigu-Ryu. At that time, Japan was influenced by those intricacies when most urban residents were configured against traditional institutions, customs and beliefs. Kano regretted that the classic Judzütsu for this reason was not in grace. And with the prestige of many recognized by his experts fell with a decline of Judzütsu himself. Many experienced representatives of Dzüdzutsu because of their unenviable social, as well as the economic situation caused by the lack of students, were forced to give submission or to call everyone from among the spectators who paid for the presentation. Therefore, he firmly decided to return Judzyutsu to the former glory and put it with the art of a place-like place.
The fulfillment of the task of Kano began with the alteration of the Dzudzutsu himself on a special way, so that it is both attractive, and useful for the Meiji era society. In 1882, Kano appears already with its synthesized system and, while in very constrained circumstances, justifies in Eisy-Dzhi, located in Tokyo district, a silate temple. He calls his new system to the codecan and begins to teach nine students in Dojo, which accompanied only 12 tatami (a mat from rice straw, serving for floors of floors, measuring about 0.9 per 1.8m).
The Judo Codocan is an extremely non-uniform system. Kano randomly borrowed ideas from authoritative Japanese classic sources. Choosing the name Kodokan, he, for example, was well heard about the existing Code in the city of Mito. Kootokan in Kano and Kodokan Mito's diets on the rumor sounds the same, although the first hieroglyphs of these words are different. However, their overall meaning expresses the cultural endeavatory peculiar to them. Kanoan in Kano means: Ko - teaching, study, practice, up to - path, teaching, and Kan - hall or place, that is, "place study path".
Ubiquitous attacks on judo led to the fact that in 1886 the head of the Department of the Imperial Police decided to end the conclusions and the contest to find out the true place of the new budsut. An opponent of judo became the school of Ryoy Sinter, the main mentor of which - Tutsuk Hikoskay was one of the most tary persecutors of judo. In the mast, 15 fighters took part from each school and the pupils won the students of Kano in Thirteen, two ended in a draw. Disputes about this fight do not subside until now. Ryoy Sinter was a traditional school, but her followers limited by the fighting rules could not apply its most effective techniques - strikes, traumating blocks, etc.
Whatever it was, judo has proven that not only has the right to exist, but also is able to make a new wave into the world of Budzutsu, as harmonious and noble art. In subsequent years, Kano focused its efforts on the development of the theory and the spiritual rod judo. The result of this work was the creation in 1922 Cultural Society Kodokan - Codecan Cokun Kokai.
Development of "judo" - as an Olympic sport
Judo was created in the Tokyo Buddhist Eho-Dzhi Temple in 1882. It developed rapidly, and the first black belt was assigned to Dzigaro Kano, his student Tyre Siro already in 1883 when Dzigaro Kano in 1889 went to Europe to teach his technique In his dojo, there were about 600 students. After demonstrating the art of judo, arranged in Marseille in the same year, the first dodze were founded in France, in particular in Paris. Returning to Japan, the founder continued his work and in 1922 created a codecan who had to become the official center of judo movement. From the end of the nineteenth century, the UK visited various instructors of Japanese Judzütsu. (Sometouch then, the distorted name of this martial art was entered into use - "Jiu-Jitsu"). Then the effect of judo began to strengthen. In 1920, London visited Dzigaro Kano and accepted the local Judo community and Judzütsu in Kodokan as foreign affiliates. By 1956, Judo became a mandatory sport in all Japanese schools, and for some time the Japanese won all the world championships. But, in 1961, the Dutchman giant Anton Geesink defeated the Japanese Sore champion, and since then it became obvious that the advantage is on the side of more rolling and heavy wrestlers, recognizing this fact led to the creation of weight categories in Judo as in boxing. This step contradicted the entire concept of judo, formulated by Dzigaro Kano, but in the post-war years, Western organizations judo began to treat this sport more and more both to sports martial arts and less and less - as a lifestyle, it gradually led to an ideological split between Sports-oriented judo and those who continued to adhere to the ideals of the founder and traditions of Japanese martial arts. Such duality can be observed in all martial arts who left the native shores and put roots in the West countries. The separation of wrestlers to the weight category coincided with the Olympic Games of 1964 in Tokyo. It was partly and in a timely manner, as the Japanese least wanted to be completely defeated in their own country. Although Geesinka, and later his compatriot Ruska dominated in the Heavyweight category, the Japanese remained champions in other categories at the World Championships. And only in 1969, the Japanese heavyweight Sinomani became a champion by defeating Ruska in Mexico. Since his debut as an Olympic sport in 1964, Judo changed the rules and weight categories several times. World championships began in 1956 and held every two years. The first judo championship among men took place in 1951 (the French team won it); Among women - in 1982 since 1974, the European Cup is also held. Dzigaro Kano has always been resolutely against any public contests, since he believed that judo should be personal art for training the mind and body. The essence of judo is contained in the oath, which students give when joining the Kodokan:
Having joined the Kodokan, I will not bother my studies without a valid reason. I am not a dislooking dojo.
Without permission, I will not open the secrets to anyone, which I was taught.
First, as a student, then as a teacher, I will always follow the laws of Doj.
According to Kano Dzigaro, judo is not so much the art of self-defense without weapons, but philosophy, the art of everyday life. "Studying the general principles of JUu-before, - he said, - more importantly, than just judged by Judzyutsu"
V.V. Putin in judo training
Judo (translated from Japanese " soft way«) - japanese martial artconnect self-defense without weapons philosophy, view sports Martial arts.
Judo appeared in 1882 in Japanthanks to the Japanese Martial Arts Master Jigoro Kano.. At the heart of Judo lies with a judged jewel, which represents various styles of martial arts, common in the Japanese islands.
Judo, according to the Japanese classification, refers to modern martial arts (that is, unconventional), and at the same time strongly stands out among many of their fellow.
- First, this is the only martial art of the East, adopted in the family of Olympic Sports.
- Secondly, judo technique, unlike the same karate, not shock, and wrestling - throws, pain, suffocation and retention.
V.V. Putin receives a throw in judo
The founder of Judo Jigoro Kano initially made an emphasis on the exclusion of all traumatic techniques in order to create a public art of the struggle, as adapted to the competition.
Surprisingly, the recognition of judo as a popular type of sport, did not fit his spiritual and philosophical component, as well as an educational role. Taking this style of martial arts acquire such traits such as discipline, perseverance, respect. A special role in spiritual improvement has a training system, for example, work in pairs contributes to the development of psychological flexibility, communicability and mutual assistance. It is important that these qualities are fixed during bodily practices. Judo classes are positively affected by mental abilities - it is necessary to memorize complex techniques, tactically think during the fight, generate creative non-standard ideas, etc.
Dzingoro Kano as follows as follows the spiritual value of judo: "I believe that the one who will study judo from a good teacher, he will appreciate his homeland, love her affairs and things, elevate his spirit and will be able to raise a courageous, active character in himself."
In practice, he expressed these ideas in a number of instructions:
- Correlation of their capabilities with the capabilities of the enemy;
- Mastering the initiative in the duel;
- Careful thinking, and then decisive action;
- Ability to stay on time;
- "Waving to win - do not apply; The victim defeat is not ignition; bodies, do not lose vigilance; Having come to a dangerous position, do not be afraid and go forward to the selected way. "
As can be seen, these teachings are relevant not only in judo, but also in everyday life.
Short story in the USSR
In the 20th century, thanks to Kano and his students, Judo passed a big way from national martial arts to world recognition: these martial arts are engaged in 28 million people in 198 countries, incl. 200 thousand - in Russia. It should be noted that the history of the formation of judo in Russia has many dramatic pages. V.S. Ospper - was the first Russian and fourth European, who passed the exam on the workshop (Dan) in the Japanese School of Judo Kodokan. It was in 1917.
After the revolution, the ass was successfully popularized by judo in the USSR, and also enriched him with a variety of effective admission, which he screamed in national types of struggle, studying them during his travels. After the arrest and the death of Oschenkova in 1937, a ban on judo was introduced in the USSR. But his disciples, continuing the case of the Russian master, developed a new type of struggle - sambo, which is generally accepted as one of the most effective in the world. Judo in the USSR was revived only in the 1960s, when the country began to take an active part in the global Olympic movement.
Judo training includes the study of basic racks, movements, self-insurance, seizures and resuscitation techniques. The carpet for the struggle is called tatami, judoists train barefoot, clothing for classes - Judogs (jacket, pants, belt). The basis of the Judo technique is a variety of throws, performed from both the rack and fall. Pain applications are also used: extension and twisting limbs.
Unlike other common types of struggle - Volnaya, Greco-Roman - in Judo, the emphasis is placed on the maximum use of the enemy force, which brings this style with Aikido. In judo, as in the wushu and karate, except the fights there are complexes of formal exercises - kata. Kata is carried out in pairs and allow you to master the physical and spiritual principles of judo, as well as safely examine the techniques that are prohibited in competitions for considerations of traumatic safety.
Along with sports judo, there are various applied varieties aimed at effective self-defense. Judo's techniques have formed the basis of a multitude of hand-to-hand combat systems, including the already mentioned Soviet Sambo, American combat judo, etc.
For more than half a century, judo remained almost only eastern martial arts, widely represented in the world and gained recognition in many countries. But in recent decades, there is an active distribution of such types of oriental martial arts as wushu, karate, Thai boxing, aikido and many others. It remains to wish that the enhancing competition between judo and other martial arts contributes to enrichment, and also popularized physical and spiritual development.
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