PHYSICAL RECREATION
Physical recreation (recreation - rest, entertainment) - the use of any types of physical activity (physical exercise, games, physical labor, etc.) for the purpose of physical development and health promotion. Its peculiarity is complete subordination to the interests, tastes, inclinations of a given person or group of people. In this regard, there is complete freedom to choose the type and nature of classes, their frequency and duration, time of day, content, means, methods and forms of organization. Here a person is himself a designer and an architect, a methodologist and a trainer, a controller and a respondent. All this is just one of the criteria and indicators of his general and physical culture.
General purpose of physical recreation - strengthening of physical and mental health, creation of a basis for fruitful mental and physical labor. Its particular tasks are very diverse and depend on the personal tastes and desires of the students. These include the following:
Leisure. This task can be solved as a need for a short-term realization of rest for 5-15 minutes in the process of work (physical pause, physical education minutes, active rest during the lunch break). This also applies to classes after the end of the working day. In this case, the duration of the lessons will be longer. Finally, classes at the end of the week, weekends and holidays can last several hours.
Change in the type and nature of the activity. For example, from rest to activity, from mental to motor activity, or from one motor activity to motor activity of another nature. In the first case, it can be a change of work at the desk for physical exercises, in the other - a change in the exercises of one sport for the exercises of another (a boxer swims, a weightlifter plays tennis, a skier plays basketball or vice versa, etc.). Active rest and change of activities contribute to a faster recovery of the body after fatigue. This is especially important in those professions in which people are motionless for a considerable time (mental workers, etc.) or perform monotonous, monotonous movements (on conveyors, weaving machines, etc.). It is advisable for an athlete to change the nature of movements, their intensity and pace during intense training. Both of these types are widely used in production, in design bureaus, research institutes and other institutions (industrial gymnastics).
Shape shaping, volume of body parts, weight regulation are an important need for people of different ages. Most often, these classes begin with imitation of an ideal, a model, based on a critical assessment of the shortcomings of their own physique. Men are preoccupied with the formation of an athletic figure, the desire to develop relief muscles, remove the stomach, etc. Women - to be slim, flexible, graceful, attractive, have a beautiful figure, a relaxed gait and posture. For this, individual and group lessons are used, which can be carried out at home, in sports, gyms using both improvised means (own weight, dumbbells, resistance bands, etc.) and special simulators. Both men and women are often preoccupied with weight loss, which is also helped by exercise.
Fight against aging and curbing the processes of involution is also one of the tasks of physical recreation. Motor activity activates the body's activity and contributes not only to the preservation of its biological functions, but also to their improvement, which leads to a noticeable decrease in the rate of involution. This problem is solved with people of mature and older age, it is solved both individually, on the basis of their own non-professional physical education, and in health groups, fitness centers.
A very important task and incentive to exercise for adults, especially the elderly, ispossibility of communicationwhich takes place in the places of group sessions. In their process, before the beginning and at the end, people can exchange opinions, talk about their joys, ailments, problems; This is especially true for people who have lost loved ones and left alone, this is facilitated by physical recreation.
Many types of physical recreation are accompanied bygreat pleasure from physical activity. This is primarily due to various games (with a ball, puck, shuttlecock, balls, etc.). Their high emotionality is a great incentive to exercise. They are held both spontaneously, independently, at the initiative of the players themselves, and in groups, sections, teams.
Development of individually attractive physical abilities. Some - "pump" strength, others develop primarily flexibility, still others - endurance, etc. In general, people develop in a complex all their physical abilities and everyday motor skills (walking, running, jumping, throwing), mastering new ones for them - rowing, skiing, cycling, ice skating, racket control, etc. ...
In recent years, new hobbies have appeared that are of a recreational nature - hang gliding, flying saucers, windsurfing, aerobics, shaping, etc. Means of physical recreation are any physical exercise, games, entertainment, as well as recreational sports that satisfy the above needs. Classes are organized by him in universities and secondary specialized educational institutions, in factories and plants, enterprises and institutions, in offices, firms, and various organizations. Its main goal is to organize leisure
activities in the interests of health promotion, and not the achievement of limiting indicators in motor activity.
Physical recreation can take place in organized forms. However, she often does not need them. Its content and forms can easily be adapted to the needs and capabilities of any social environment - individuals or a group of people, their gender, age and external conditions and the subjective needs of each of the students. Its main significance lies in the fact that it, satisfying the needs of people in motor activity, creates the preconditions for the normal functioning of the human body in other types of activity (study, work). The upbringing of these needs is one of the main tasks of physical culture and non-special physical education for people of all ages. This is one of the criteria for personality culture.
In official documents, in media reports, this area of \u200b\u200bactivity is often called mass physical education. This is not true. Firstly, the most widespread is the activity in physical culture, which is carried out in educational institutions and the army. This is where the mass is present. Secondly, physical recreation should focus not on mass, but on each person, based on his tastes, interests, inclinations, and it is he who personally determines the types, forms, duration of physical exercises.
We can agree that there are mass forms of physical culture that are focused on attracting a large number of people both as participants and spectators (sports games, races, holidays, etc.). They perform an important propaganda and propaganda function, promote the involvement of many people in physical activity.
In the field of physical recreation, general methods are used, however, with an emphasis on individual characteristics (gender, age, inclinations, tastes, health status and degree of physical development of those involved) and strict dosage of the load. Of particular importance for individual physical exercises and in groups of older and elderly age, in special medical groups in places of public recreation and treatment, constant self-control and regular medical supervision are acquiring.
The main forms of recreation.
The main forms of classes exerciseadults inrecreations are:hygienic gymnastics, shaping, aerobics, walking (skiing, biking, walking), tourism, training sessions in health groups and sports sections, industrial gymnastics, swimming,
ice skating, various ball games (football, volleyball, tennis), shuttlecocks (badminton), balls (billiards), etc.
All types and forms of physical recreation are carried out at home, in gyms, swimming pools, saunas, clubs, recreation areas, at industrial enterprises, in places of rest and treatment, while serving in the army.
Older and elderly people should pay more attention to breathing exercises, locomotion, be extremely careful with exercises associated with bending, sudden movements, rotations. The duration of the run can be from 5 to 30 minutes, the distance from 1 to 5 km. If shortness of breath occurs, the exercise should be stopped immediately and normal breathing restored, or a doctor should be consulted.
In health groups, it is advisable to use various types of exercises in a comprehensive manner (gymnastics - athletics - games).
One of the main tasks of physical culture in old and senile age is to curb aging, processes of involution in the body, to create the basis for normal, active in terms of age human activity.
For older people, it is very important to preserve and show goodwill, positive emotions, “keep yourself in hand”, not succumbing to pessimism, which arises due to ailments, partial loss of communication, disorder of life. It is necessary to protect family ties and friends, colleagues, to fight the feeling of loneliness, alienation.
In solving many of these problems, physical recreation is of great importance, because it is associated with positive emotions, with the pleasure of movement, with communication, the joy of being, despite difficulties and problems. This does not mean that it fully solves them, but it helps to significantly reduce their negative impact on the elderly person, not to lock in oneself, on their troubles and troubles.
The level of their actual non-special physical education is of great importance for older people, i.e. improving their physical abilities, motor skills both everyday (walking, running, swimming) and more complex (cycling, rowing, etc.), knowledge of the elementary, simplest foundations of the theory and methodology of physical recreation, hygiene, work regime, food, rest. Physical activity, feasible household labor (clearing snow, harvesting firewood, working in the gardening area) are essential for maintaining health and fighting aging.
Physical exercise and physical activity in general have a beneficial effect on the psyche, on all autonomic functions - gas exchange, digestion, cardiovascular and excretory systems, endocrine glands. They create the basis for a healthy lifestyle, help fight bad habits and increase the body's ability to resist fatigue and illness.
The most general provisions of the method of physical exercise, which are absolutely necessary to guide the elderly, are the following. Before starting hygienic gymnastics
you need to tune in, relax the muscles, carry out several breathing movements and stretching. Alternating exercises for the arms, legs, trunk, starting with small and gradually involving large muscle groups (for example, starting with exercises for the neck, hands, and later - for arms, legs, trunk). You should increase and decrease the load gradually, its peak should be in the middle or at the very beginning of the last third of the sessions.
Maximum loads, the appearance of a deep feeling of fatigue, exhaustion ("legs and arms are trembling"), excessive emotional stress, straining, rapid changes in posture, turns, bends, acceleration are unacceptable. The drama of old age lies in the fact that desires persist, but opportunities fade away, so you cannot get carried away, overestimate your capabilities, because this sometimes leads to tragic consequences (strokes, heart attacks, muscle and ligament ruptures, fractures).
Physical exercises, any types of physical activity should be combined with water and hardening procedures (shower, bath, bathing), massage, thermal procedures (sauna, Russian bath).
It is unacceptable for the elderly to actively engage in physical exercises without constant medical supervision and self-control, their competent, conscious attitude to their state of health. The content of self-control includes well-known provisions - observation of health, sleep, appetite, weight, heart rate (pulse). At rest, it is 60 - 80, and at a peak load of 100 - 120 beats / min. It is very interesting and useful to keep a diary of self-control, in which to record the dynamics of the functioning of the organism, the unusualness of subjective sensations.
Individual, independent physical exercises (aerobics, shaping, jogging, athletic gymnastics) are very popular among people of mature age and young people. They are conducted at home, in institutions and businesses, in gyms and swimming pools. Their content and form are selected to the taste of the students themselves and are held at a convenient time for them.
Of particular importance here is the ability to control the load, "listen" to your body, constantly exercise self-control and seek the advice of a specialist or doctor in time. An elementary form of self-control is the observation of the pulse, its normal (at rest) and maximum values. In a person of middle age and average physical development, they range from 63 beats / min at rest to 140-160 (in the elderly up to 130-140) beats / min after exercise. In addition, the method of calculating the pulse after 1, 3, 5 minutes after the end of physical exercises is very informative. With a normal, non-painful reaction, the pulse rate gradually decreases and after 3-5 minutes of rest it returns to normal.
Individual lessons are conducted in full accordance with the state of health, the degree of physical development, gender, age of those involved. Currently, there is an extensive literature, which sets out the content issues, methods of self-study.
In classes in which the goal of increasing muscle mass is pursued, medium weights are used (50-60% of the maximum possible), allowing you to perform the exercise 5-7 times. To increase muscle strength, it is advisable to use weights of 75-85% of the maximum possible and perform movements 2-3 times. To reduce the amount of adipose tissue in the body, it is advisable to use a small weights (20-40% of the maximum) and perform 10-12 movements at a fast pace. Perform each exercise in 2-4 approaches. For women, it is advisable to use exercises for "stretching", rhythmic to music, with objects on the head, at a ballet barre (chair, table, wall), if possible in front of a mirror. This allows you to improve posture, increase flexibility, joint mobility, harmony and plasticity of movements.
It is advisable and interesting for each student to keep a self-control diary in which he notes his state of health, the dynamics of the development of physical abilities (strength, flexibility, endurance), sleep, appetite, the volume of body parts (arms, legs, waist, chest). In the diary, you can write down self-assignments (plan) for physical exercises and summarize the results for a week, month, year.
One of the important problems that a person solves during the working day is the preservation of physical and mental performance, counteraction to mental fatigue. One of the most important means of solving it is changing the nature of the activity, distracting from its professional types and forms, switching to other types.
Types of physical exercise that have a purely recreational character.
There are various types of physical exercise that have a purelyrecreational character. These include introductory gymnastics, physical breaks, physical education, exercise during lunchtime and after work.
In fairly wealthy institutions, at enterprises there are special places for such classes, equipped with inventory and equipment (volleyball courts, table tennis tables, exercise equipment, bicycle ergometers, billiards).
Introductory gymnastics is carried out within 5-10 minutes before starting work. When choosing exercises in it, they are guided by the nature of labor and the biomechanics of labor actions and movements, the nature of working poses. Therefore, exercises are included that contribute to the fastest adaptation, workability, and increase the physiological functions of the body.
Physical education pauses and physical education minutes are introduced to prevent the development of fatigue and act according to the mechanism of changing the type of activity. They are carried out an hour or two before the lunch break or the end of the working day and help to improve the functional state of the body, maintain attention, reduce the adverse effect of the working posture ("straighten out, stretch"), and reduce the effect of physical inactivity and immobility. It is necessary to determine in advance the time of the working day when the execution of the movements will give the best effect. The effect of the exercise will be enhanced if it is accompanied by music. It is necessary to take into account the gender, age and degree of physical fitness of the trainees.
Exercises are performed at a slow or moderate pace, with deep breathing and emphasized exhalation. It is advisable to change their complexes once a month.
In a number of professions it is impossible to take a break even for 3-5 minutes (dispatchers, machinists). In such cases, it is advisable to carry out two or three exercises for 1-2 minutes, aimed at those muscle groups that require a change in the nature of their functioning. It is advisable to use, taking into account the working posture and the nature of the functioning of muscle groups, exercises in stretching, bending, turning, swinging movements with a wide amplitude.
At lunchtime, it is preferable to organize an active holiday. Exercises and games can be included in its content. The complex can consist of 5-7 exercises performed at a slow or moderate pace together with deep and accentuated breathing, and walking for 10-20 minutes. As games you can use badminton, table tennis, billiards. Finish the games 5-10 minutes before the end of the lunch break. The content of active recreation can include water procedures, self-massage, auto-training.
After work, also in order to change the type of activity and recreation (in the broad sense of the word), either at the workplace or in specially designated areas (playgrounds, swimming pools, gyms, in dispensaries), it is useful to do physical exercises, games, entertainment for your own pleasure and to your liking. It can be both organized and independent classes, group or individual. They can be carried out with sufficient efficiency at home, especially if there is a video or tape recording of exercises (shaping, aerobics, qigong) of rhythmic and attractive music.
There are great opportunities for physical recreation in houses and recreation centers and sanatoriums. There, individually or in groups, all the above types and forms of physical exercises, games, and entertainment are held. The advantage is that there is more free time and real opportunities for this, including swimming, health courses, hiking and skiing, the opportunity to work out in health groups.
The result of physical recreational activities.
The result of physical recreational activity can be expressed in the following values:
1. Biological. It helps to restore the functions of the human body after professional work, and optimizes the state of his health.
2. Sociological. Promotes the integration of people into a social community, assimilation of social experience, cultural values. The process of socialization in this context includes two plans of action: adaptation to society, which functions mainly on the innate mechanism of human self-regulation, and self-determination in society, defining one's place in it through a conscious attitude to ongoing events, acceptance or rejection of them.
3. Psychological. Forms an emotional state that arises under the influence of feelings of freedom, joy, well-being and inner satisfaction, release from tension and stress. Freedom in this case should be understood in two dimensions: external - from coercion, violence, pressure, prohibition and internal - subjective, spiritual - freedom of will, freedom of independent choice of actions, freedom of creativity. Of course, there is a relationship between these dimensions of freedom, not an inconsistency.
4. Aesthetic. Reactive recreation to the beauty of your body, the world around you, the possibility of knowing it in a broader sense.
The eminent English philosopher Bertrand Russell argued that being able to manage leisure time wisely is the highest degree of civilization. Leisure makes up 30-35% of free time, but, according to Russian sociologists, only 10-12% of people know how to reasonably organize their leisure time, practicing in sports sections, cultural and educational institutions.
Of particular concern is the fact that physical culture in the field of leisure, which gives a recreational effect, occupies 38% of younger students and only 10% of older students. The upbringing of a culture of leisure activities, the use of physical activity, which gives a recreational effect, should be based on the formation of a conscious attitude towards his health in a person as a necessary element of his full development. Physical culture activity at leisure should create optimal conditions for creative self-expression, self-realization of the internal reserves of those involved, which are not required in due measure under normal conditions. But in modern conditions, an acute contradiction has arisen between the need of society and each individual in the rational use of leisure and the lack of a developed infrastructure of leisure, scientific and methodological recommendations for the use of specific forms of physical recreation. Unfortunately, the scientific organization of labor significantly outstrips the development of the scientific organization of leisure. Taking care of health, its strengthening and preservation for many years has not yet become a "second religion", as it is in some foreign countries. So, leisure and physical recreation as one of the forms of its implementation are important factors in improving the psychophysical state of a person, his spiritual the world, the system of value orientations.
Physical recreation is a type of physical culture
The problem of structuring physical culture, its types (parts) has not yet been solved. There are various points of view on this score. So, for example, in some sources the recreational forms and places of physical exercises (recreational corridors) are indicated, in others physical recreation finds its expression in such terms and concepts as “mass physical education”, “mass-improving”, “improving”, "Industrial gymnastics", "mass sport", "mass-health", "active rest", etc. In other words, the goals, objectives, content of physical recreation, its status as a type of physical culture have not yet been clearly identified and little studied. At the same time, it is such an area of \u200b\u200bmotor activity that satisfies individual and group needs of people in unregulated physical activity, adequate to their subjective needs and capabilities.
The presence of various views, terms and concepts in determining the essence of physical recreation requires a social and more detailed study. In this regard, this article attempts to give a general description of physical recreation as a form of physical culture.
The word "recreation" is a derivative of the Latin word, which has several options and, therefore, several meanings: rereo (recreo) - recreate, reproduce, update; recreatum (recreatum) - to restore, reinforce, refresh, strengthen, encourage; resreare (recreare) to recover, reborn, gain strength again, rest, recover; recreatio (recreation) - restoration (of forces), recovery.
Adding the word “physical” means that in these processes (recovery, rest, refreshment, recovery, etc.) physical activity predominates, physical exercises, games, and entertainment are used. They are aimed at promoting the normal functioning of the human body by creating an optimal physical condition.
The essence of physical recreation as an activity inevitably narrows if it is considered only in one aspect - either as entertainment, or as a restoration of strength, or switching from one type of activity to another, etc. In this regard, it should be considered as a combination of various aspects of motor activity, the interaction of which leads to a useful result.
For an objective determination of the presence of components and their relationships in a given system, it is necessary to proceed from the main characteristics of the metasystem, which, on the one hand, is not the sum of its components, on the other hand, is inevitably reflected in the characteristics of each component.
In relation to physical recreation as a system, physical culture will be a metasystem, since it is an area of \u200b\u200bsocially necessary activity, satisfying the needs of the individual and society in the diversified and optimal development of physical abilities and motor qualities in the interests of life.
Using traditional basic, physical, auxiliary means (physical exercises, natural forces of nature, diet, labor, leisure), physical recreation attracts attention with its specificity to people of different ages, sex, health, physical fitness.
The wide distribution of this type of activity is facilitated by the complete freedom to choose the content of classes, the time and place of the duration of classes, the choice of partners, etc. The motivation for classes is based on purely personal individual tastes, interests of inclination and needs. The advantage of physical recreation lies in the fact that it has a huge number of varieties, provides ample opportunities for contact with the natural environment. Uncomplicated and diverse means make it accessible to people of all ages. The combination of game elements and competition in the classes creates unlimited opportunities for expanding its attractiveness (entertainment, games, competitions, etc.). Physical recreation often does not need an organizational and institutional superstructure, typical of other components of physical education (physical education, sports), its content and forms can easily be adapted to the needs and capabilities of any social environment, group of people, external conditions and subjective needs of those involved.
In the process of substantiating a specific object as a system, it is necessary to identify a system-forming factor that shows, "around which objects or processes and for the solution of what tasks and problems, these or those subsystems and elements of this system are formed." By definition, P.K. Anokhin, the backbone factor is the end result of the system, "for the sake of which the system is created."
Consequently, when studying physical recreation, it can be assumed that satisfying the various needs of people in physical activity, entertainment, switching from one type of activity to another, preventing adverse effects and restoring temporarily reduced or lost body functions in the system under study are only its private tasks. These needs of people are met by each individually and as a whole by all types of physical activity. So, prerequisites are created for the normal functioning of the human body in the specific conditions of its life. In other words, the final result is their community, unity.
So, the backbone factor, combining various aspects of motor activity in the framework of physical recreation, is the final result - the creation of a certain physical state that ensures the normal functioning of the human body.
In this regard, the importance of physical recreation as an essential component of human life and activity is increasing, allowing them to satisfy their natural biological needs in movement. The activation on this basis of the physical condition and the development of the body, the promotion of health, ensure the physical capacity necessary in the current conditions of life. Its exclusion or minimization at any significant time, the life of a person inevitably results in damage to him, worsens the activity of all organs and systems, makes him less resistant to the negative effects of the external environment. With a decrease in the volume of motor activity, one of the important factors contributing to the improvement of the body and the strengthening of its functions is lost.
It should be borne in mind that all types and forms of physical recreation help to rationally use free time, deal with negative phenomena in behavior, increase working capacity, expand and increase the functional capabilities of the body, and help to deal with adverse working conditions or the impact of the nature of work.
However, all this gives a distant cumulative effect. For a person engaged on his own initiative, based on subjective tastes, interests, motives, the main thing is to enjoy motor activity, satisfy personal needs in this type of activity. And the upbringing of these needs is one of the main tasks in physical education and physical culture of people of any age.
All aspects of recreational activities using physical culture means considered within the framework of the system under study can be covered by the concept of “physical recreation”. So, physical recreation is an organic and immanent part of physical culture, a combination of free, unregulated physical activity, aimed ultimately at ensuring the optimal physical condition of a person, contributing to the normal functioning of his body in specific living conditions.
Aspects of physical recreation.
Physical recreation includes the following aspects of motor activity: 1) satisfaction of biological needs for motor activity; 2) the need for entertainment, pleasure, enjoyment; 3) ᴨȇ switching from one type of activity to another; 4) activation of the body through movement; 5) prevention of adverse effects on the human body; 6) restoration of reduced or temporarily lost body functions.
However, this study of the problems of physical recreation is not limited. It is necessary to study the components of physical recreation more deeply, to study its structure (composition and structure), the causes of occurrence and stages of development and functioning in the interests of satisfying individual and group needs.
Recently, a number of successful attempts have been made to study physical recreation as a complex social phenomenon. Revealing the social essence of physical recreation, the work of the natural-scientific and social science cycles to a considerable extent contribute to the further development of knowledge about this phenomenon and serve as a prerequisite for creating a theory of this phenomenon.
In the most general sense, physical recreation refers to any form of motor activity aimed at restoring the forces expended in the process of professional labor. There are numerous signs that make up its main content:
based on physical activity;
uses physical exercises as the main means;
carried out in free or socially allocated time;
includes cultural and valuable aspects;
contains intellectual, emotional and physical components;
carried out on a voluntary, amateur basis;
it has an optimizing effect on the human body;
includes educational components;
is primarily entertaining (hedo-tic) in nature;
characterized by the presence of certain recreational services;
carried out mainly in natural conditions;
has a certain scientific and methodological base.
This far from complete list of signs of physical recreation could be continued. Here are marked by different directions, importance sides and features, different levels, types and forms. Perhaps something is missing, some of them are of an indirect nature, and some are elevated to the rank of dominant.
According to such a variety of signs of physical recreation, its different forms are also distinguished: recreational physical culture, recreational physical culture, sports recreation, tourism recreation, health-improving physical recreation, physical training and industrial recreation, etc. Different forms are put in the basis of different forms, the definitive meaning of many of which simply denoted, and some of them are regarded as synonymous concepts.
Such an analytical way of trying to create a theory of physical recreation is acceptable, but it cannot give an answer to the question: if all of the listed signs, types and forms are available in the necessary and sufficient quantity, which introduces a certain confusion and complicates the perception of physical recreation as a systemic phenomenon.
Many scientific studies maintain the idea that the theory of physical reaction is most fully developed in the bowels of the theory and methodology of physical culture. On this, in particular, the concept of physical recreation is built, especially intensively developed by V.M. Vydrin with employees.
The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe proposed concept is to consider physical recreation as an organic, immanent part of physical culture, the backbone of which is the final result - the creation of an optimal physical state that ensures the normal functioning of the human body. In this concept, the main emphasis is on the biological side of physical recreation - the impact on the human body. Other sides: cognitive, cultural, communicative, entertaining - are considered as accompanying the solution of the main problem. This statement, however, is only partially true, it narrows the problem of physical recreation and, in our opinion, requires social discussion.
It is legal to consider physical recreation as a type of physical culture, since they have a number of common features. But scientific hypotheses regarding physical recreation do not in themselves affect the formation of the theory of physical recreation, because they have an indirect effect, justifying and strengthening the didactic apparatus of private methods that study it.
Physical culture has its own theory, which includes not only physical recreation, but also physical education, sports, motor rehabilitation, which also have their own theories. The presence of common features allows us to combine them into the main metasystem - the theory of physical culture. Then the subject of the theory of physical recreation turns out to be, essentially, without its own theory, because some cognitive, health-improving, value-orientational, and other aspects presented both in the theory of physical culture itself and in private theories of its types can no longer be fully and completely to the extent necessary, to satisfactorily fulfill their explanatory functions regarding such a complex and multifaceted phenomenon as physical recreation.
Moreover, in the theory of physical culture itself, all the numerous aspects of physical recreation are presented fragmentarily, incompletely, and vaguely, as a result of which the subject of the science of physical recreation became uncertain.
At the same time, one becomes more and more convinced that due to the complexity and multi-aspect of such an object as physical recreation, it cannot be described with sufficient completeness from the standpoint of only one, even such an “integrative” science, which is considered the theory of physical culture. The analysis is more successful if the subject side of the object is clearly distinguished from the position of the sciences serving it: philosophy, history, sociology, cultural studies, pedagogy, psychology, biology, theory and methods of physical culture, etc.
The need for the term “physical recreation” arises primarily when it comes to analyzing a certain element (in this case, physical) of recreation, to indicate which term is used. Recreation as a scientific discipline is a generic concept for all its types and forms, one of which is physical recreation.
The concept of "recreation", formed from the Latin "recreatio", was introduced by the Romans and has several meanings: to restore, rest, strengthen, refresh, etc. Historically, this term was somehow related to human health, but, importantly, understanding of health did not limited only by the state of the human body. Today it is considered in a broader sense and includes social, psychological and biological content.
It is customary to distinguish such varieties of recreation as social, biological, psychological, climatogeographic, etc.
Of the variety of signs of recreation, the main ones that determine its essence are considered to be the following: it is carried out in free time, is active in nature and is built on a voluntary, amateur basis. These are the three most important signs of recreation; without them, it loses its significance. Its other signs: cultural-axiological, cognitive, health-improving - are considered as derivatives, related.
A new scientific direction has arisen - re-registration, a social interdisciplinary branch of the science of recreation, health, and reproduction of the health of practically healthy people. This section includes the process of physical, social, mental self-development of a person, in which he acquires increasingly universal ways of adapting a person to constantly changing conditions of the natural and social environment. The most important methodological principle of recreation is the principle of unity of the physical and spiritual, biological and social, organism and personality.
The main area of \u200b\u200bresearch in the theory of recreation is a special area of \u200b\u200bhuman activity - the field of leisure. There are various types and forms of leisure activities that are of a recreational nature, and it is not yet possible to bring them to any unified system.
The foregoing allows us to return again to the key questions of the theory of physical recreation and to a certain extent analyze them from the standpoint of the theory of general recreation.
Physical recreation is one of the forms of recreation, its aspects are represented in almost all its forms, and it is carried out through physical activity using physical exercises as fixed assets. This gives reason to attribute this form of recreation to physical.
The recognition of exercise as the main means of physical recreation in scientific research is generally accepted. This statement is true, but requires discussion. First, most of the physical recreational activity takes place in the natural environment, where environmental factors can also act as its means. Secondly, physical recreation can also have relatively passive forms. At sports events, spectators are only their contemplators and in the literal sense do not perform active motor activity and physical exercises. In this case, the fact of sports competition itself can act as a means of physical recreation, since it contains emotional, wellness, hedonic and other components that give a recreational effect. From this point of view, the statement of V.M. Vydrina that the main system-forming sign of physical recreation should be considered its final result (goal), for which this form of recreation is organized.
Forms of Physical Recreation
According to such a variety of signs of physical recreation, its different forms are also distinguished:
v recreational physical education,
v recreational physical education,
v recreation of sports,
v recreation of tourism,
v wellness physical recreation,
v physical education and recreation, etc.
Different signs are based on different forms, the meaning of many of which is simply indicated, and some of them are considered as synonymous concepts.
Such an analytical way of trying to create a theory of physical recreation is permissible, but it cannot answer the question: are all of the listed signs, types and forms in necessary and sufficient quantity, which introduces a certain confusion and makes it difficult to perceive physical recreation as a systemic phenomenon.
Particular tasks of physical recreation
Particular tasks of physical recreation are very diverse and depend on the personal tastes and desires of those involved. These include the following:
W Leisure. This problem can be solved as the need for short-term realization of rest for 5-15 minutes in the process of work (physical pauses, physical minutes, active rest at lunch time). This also applies to classes after the end of the working day. In this case, the duration of the classes will be longer. Finally, classes at the end of the week, on weekends and holidays, can last several hours.
W Change in the type and nature of the activity. For example, from rest to activity, from mental to motor or from one motor to motor activity of a different nature. In the first case, this can be a change of work at a desk for physical exercises, in another, a change of exercises from one sport to exercises of another (a boxer swims, a weightlifter plays tennis, a skier plays basketball or vice versa, etc.). Active recreation and changing activities contribute to a more rapid recovery of the body after fatigue. This is especially important in those professions in which people spend a significant amount of time without movement (mental workers, etc.) or perform uniform, monotonous movements (on conveyors, looms, etc.). In the process of intense training, it is advisable for an athlete to change the nature of movements, their intensity and pace. Both of these types are widely used in production, in design bureaus, research institutes and other institutions (production gymnastics).
W Body shaping, volume of body parts, weight regulationare an important need for people of different ages. Most often, these classes begin with imitation of an ideal, a model, based on a critical assessment of the shortcomings of one's own physique. Men are preoccupied with the formation of an athletic figure, the desire to develop embossed muscles, remove their stomach, etc. Women - to be slim, flexible, graceful, attractive, to have a beautiful figure, an easy gait and posture. For this, individual and group classes are used, which can be carried out at home, in sports, gyms using both improvised means (own weight, dumbbells, expanders, etc.), and special simulators. Both men and women are often concerned about weight loss, which is also what physical exercises help them with.
W Fight against aging and curbing the processes of involutionit is also one of the tasks of physical recreation. Motor activity activates the body and contributes not only to the preservation of its biological functions, but also to their improvement, which leads to a noticeable decrease in the rate of involution. This problem is solved with people of mature and older age, it is solved both individually, on the basis of their own unprofessional physical education, as well as in health groups, fitness centers.
Ø A very important task and incentive for physical exercises for an adult, especially the elderly, is possibility of communicationthat occurs in places of group training. In their process, before and after, people can exchange opinions, talk about their joys, ailments, problems; This is especially true for people who have lost loved ones and are left alone, this is facilitated by physical recreation.
Мног Many types of physical recreation accompany great pleasure from motor activity. This is primarily due to various games (with the ball, puck, shuttlecock, balls, etc.). Their high emotionality is a great incentive for exercise. They are carried out both spontaneously, independently, at the initiative of the players themselves, and in groups, sections, teams.
W The development of individually attractive physical abilities. Some "pump" strength, others develop primarily flexibility, others - endurance, etc. In general, people in the complex develop all their physical abilities and everyday motor skills (walking, running, jumping, throwing), master new things for them - rowing, skiing, cycling, ice-skating, racquet skills, etc. P.
In recent years, new hobbies have appeared that are recreational in nature - a hang glider, flying saucers, windsurfing, aerobics, shaping, etc. Means of physical recreation are any physical exercises, games, entertainment, as well as recreational sports that satisfy the above needs. Classes are organized at universities and secondary specialized educational institutions, at factories and plants, enterprises and institutions, in offices, firms, various organizations. Its main goal is the organization of leisure activities in the interests of health promotion, and not the achievement of limit indicators in physical activity.
Physical recreation can take place in organized forms. However, often she does not need them. Its content and forms can easily be adapted to the needs and capabilities of any social environment - individuals or groups of people, their gender, age and external conditions and the subjective needs of each of those involved. Its main significance is that it, satisfying the needs of people in physical activity, creates the prerequisites for the normal functioning of the human body in other types of activities (study, work). The education of these needs is one of the main tasks of physical culture and non-special physical education for people of all ages. This is one of the criteria of a personality culture.
In official documents, in the media, this area of \u200b\u200bactivity is often called mass physical education. This is not true. First, the most massive is the activity in physical culture, which is carried out in educational institutions and the army. It is there that the mass is present. Secondly, physical recreation should focus not on mass, but on each person, based on his tastes, interests, inclinations, and he personally determines the types, forms, and duration of physical exercises.
We can agree with the fact that there are mass forms of physical culture that are focused on attracting a large number of people, both as participants and spectators (sports events, races, holidays, etc.). They perform an important propaganda function, contribute to the involvement of many people in physical activity.
In the field of physical recreation, general methods are used, however, with an emphasis on individual characteristics (gender, age, inclinations, tastes, health status and degree of physical development of those involved) and strict dosing of the load. Of particular importance in individual physical exercises and in groups of older and older, in special medical groups in places of public rest and treatment, constant self-monitoring and regular medical supervision are acquired.
Since the fundamental difference between the physical education of adults and the physical education of preschoolers, schoolchildren and students is that the main motivating factor for doing certain physical exercises for adults is only their own desire and initiative. The only exceptions are those professions in which compulsory physical education is an integral part of the craft (eg, the armed forces, law enforcement agencies, units of the Ministry of Emergencies, etc.).
The main objective of the physical education of adults is recovery. Therefore, among the adult population, the most common are various types of fitness classes. The leading role here belongs to recreational and recreational and preventive and recreational activities. physical recreation of adults is aimed at improving
Highlight elitist and democratic types of physical recreation.
Elite species include:
equestrian
l aviation and sailing,
windsurfing and others, which due to their high material costs are available to few.
Democratic species include:
health walking
swimming
l tourism
l various gymnastic classes,
shaping
aerobics
l training sessions in health groups and sports sections.
l walks (skiing, biking),
l production gymnastics,
swimming
ice skating
l various games with balls (football, volleyball, tennis), shuttlecocks (badminton), balls (billiards), etc.
All types and forms of physical recreation are carried out at home, in gyms, swimming pools, saunas, clubs, recreational facilities, industrial enterprises, recreational facilities and treatment, while serving in the army.
In modern scientific literature, a transition to a new vision of recreation is observed.
In particular, V. A. Kvartalnov in one of his recent works (Encyclopedia of Tourism, 2000) considers the definition of recreation as:
* expanded reproduction of the physical, intellectual and emotional forces of man;
* any game, entertainment, etc., used to restore physical and mental strength;
* the fastest growing segment of the leisure industry, associated with the participation of the population in outdoor activities, mainly in the weekend;
* restructuring of the body and human populations providing the opportunity for active work under various conditions, nature and changes of the environment;
* civilized recreation provided by various types of disease prevention in stationary conditions, excursion and tourist activities, as well as in the process of physical exercises.
However, physical recreation can also have relatively passive forms. At sports events, spectators are only their contemplators and in the literal sense do not perform active motor activity and physical exercises. In this case, the fact of sports competition itself can act as a means of physical recreation, since it contains emotional, wellness, hedonistic and other components that provide a recreational effect. From this point of view, the statement of V.M. Vydrina that the main system-forming sign of physical recreation should be considered its final result (goal), for which this form of recreation is organized.
Physical recreation (recreation - recreation, entertainment) - the use of any kind of physical activity (physical exercises, games, physical labor, etc.) for the purpose of physical development and health promotion. Its peculiarity is the complete submission to the interests, tastes, inclinations of a given person or group of people, in this regard - complete freedom to choose the type and nature of classes, their frequency and duration, time of day, content, means, methods and forms of organization. Here, the man himself is a designer and architect, a methodologist and a trainer, a controller and a defendant. All this is just one of the criteria and indicators of his general and physical culture.
The overall objective of the Physical Recreation - strengthening physical and mental health, creating the basis for fruitful mental and physical labor. Her particular tasks are very diverse and depend on the personal tastes and desires of those involved. These include the following:
leisure. This problem can be solved as the need for short-term realization of rest for 5-15 minutes in the process of work ("physical pauses", "physical minutes", active rest during the lunch break). This also applies to classes after the end of the working day. In this case, the duration of the classes will be longer. Finally, classes at the end of the week, on weekends and holidays, can last several hours.
267
Change in the type and nature of activity. For example, from rest to activity, from mental to motor, or from one motor to motor activity of a different nature. In the first case, this can be a change of work at a desk for physical exercises, in another - a change of exercises from one sport to exercises of another (a boxer swims, a weightlifter plays tennis, a skier plays basketball or vice versa, etc.). Active recreation and changing activities contribute to a more rapid recovery of the body after fatigue. This is especially important in those professions in which people spend considerable time without movement (mental workers, etc.), or perform uniform, monotonous movements (on conveyors, looms, etc.). In the process of intense training, it is advisable for an athlete to change the nature of movements, their intensity and tempo. Both of these types are widely used in production, in design bureaus, research institutes and other institutions ("production gymnastics").
Body shaping, volume of body parts, weight regulation are important tasks of people of different ages. Most often, these classes begin with imitation of the "ideal", a model based on a critical assessment of the shortcomings of one's own physique. Men are preoccupied with the formation of an athletic figure, the desire to develop embossed muscles, "remove" the stomach, etc. Women - to be slender, flexible, graceful, attractive, have a beautiful figure, easy easy walk and posture. For this, individual and group exercises are used, which can be carried out at home, in sports halls, gyms using both “improvised” means (dead weight, dumbbells, expanders, etc.) and special simulators. Both men and women are often preoccupied with weight loss, which is also helped by physical exercises.
Fight against aging and curbing the processes of involution also one of the tasks of physical recreation. Motor activity activates the body and contributes not only to the preservation of its biological functions, but also to their improvement, which leads to a noticeable decrease in the rate of involution. This task is solved by people of mature and older age both individually, on the basis of their own unprofessional physical education, as well as in health groups, fitness centers.
A very important task and incentive for doing physical exercises for an adult, especially the elderly communication opportunity. which is happening inplaces of group classes. In their process, before and after, people can exchange opinions, talk about their joys, ailments, problems; This is especially true for people who have lost loved ones and are left alone.
Many types of physical recreation accompany great pleasure from motor activity. This is primarily due to various games (with the ball, puck, shuttlecock, balls, etc.); their high emotionality is a great incentive for classes. They are carried out both spontaneously, independently, at the initiative of the players themselves, and in groups, sections, teams.
Development of individually attractive physical abilities. Some "pump" strength, others develop predominantly flexibility, others - endurance, etc. In general, people in the complex develop all their physical abilities and everyday motor skills (walking, running, jumping, throwing), master new things for them - rowing, skiing, cycling, ice skating, racquetry, etc. .
In recent years, new hobbies that are recreational
___________________
character - hang glider, flying saucers, windsurfing, aerobics, shaping, etc. Means of physical recreation are physical exercises, games, entertainment, recreational sports that satisfy the above needs. It is organized in universities and secondary special educational institutions, in factories and plants, enterprises and institutions, in offices, firms, and various organizations. Its main goal is the organization of leisure activities in the interests of health promotion, and not the achievement of limit indicators in physical activity.
Physical recreation can take place in organized forms. However, often she does not need them. Its content and forms can easily be adapted to the needs and possibilities of any social environment - individuals or groups of people, their gender, age, external conditions and subjective needs of each of those involved. Its main significance is that it, satisfying the needs of people in physical activity, creates the prerequisites for the normal functioning of the human body in other types of activities (study, work). The upbringing of these needs is one of the main tasks of physical culture and non-special physical education of people of all ages, one of the criteria of personality culture.
In official documents, in the media, this area of \u200b\u200bactivity is called "mass physical education."This is not true. Firstly, the most massive is the activity in physical culture, which is carried out in educational institutions and the army, it is there that the "mass" is present. Secondly, it should focus not on mass, but on each person, based on his tastes, interests, inclinations, and he personally determines the types, forms, and duration of physical exercises.
We can agree with the fact that there are mass forms of physical culture that are focused on attracting a large number of people both as participants and spectators (sports events, races, holidays, etc.). They perform an important propaganda function, contribute to the involvement of many people in physical activity.
In the field of physical recreation, general methods are used, however, with an emphasis on individual characteristics (gender, age, inclinations, tastes, health status and degree of physical development of those involved), and strict dosing of the load. Of particular importance in individual physical exercises and in groups of older and older, in special medical groups in places of public rest and treatment, constant self-monitoring and regular medical supervision are acquired.
The main Forms of employment physical exercises of adults in recreation are: hygienic gymnastics, shaping, aerobics, walking (skiing, biking, walking), hiking, training in health groups and sports sections, gymnastics, swimming, ice skating, various ball games (football , volleyball, tennis), shuttlecocks (badminton), balls (billiards), etc.
All types and forms of physical recreation are carried out at home, in gyms, swimming pools, saunas, clubs, recreational facilities, manufacturing enterprises, recreational facilities and treatment, while serving in the army.
Older and older people should pay more attention to breathing exercises, locomotion, be extremely careful with exercises associated with inclinations, sudden movements, and rotations. Running duration can be from 5 to 30 minutes, distance from 1 to 5 km. When
269 Theory and methodology of physical education
shortness of breath should stop immediately and restore normal breathing or consult a doctor.
In health groups, it is advisable to use comprehensively various types of exercises (gymnastics - athletics - games).
One of the main tasks of physical education in the elderly and senile age is to restrain aging, the processes of involution in the body, to create the basis for normal, age-active human activity.
It is very important for older people to maintain and show goodwill, positive emotions, "keep yourself in control", not succumbing to the pessimism that arises from illnesses, partial loss of communication, and unsettled life. It is necessary to protect family ties and friends, colleagues, to fight with a feeling of loneliness, alienation.
In solving many of these problems, physical recreation is of great importance, because it is associated with positive emotions, the pleasure of movement, communication, the joy of being in spite of difficulties and problems. This does not mean that it fully solves them, but it helps to significantly reduce their negative impact on an elderly person, not to become locked in themselves, on their troubles and troubles.
Of great importance for the elderly is the level of their actual non-specialized physical education, i.e. improving their physical abilities, motor skills, both everyday (walking, running, swimming), and more complex ones (cycling, rowing, etc.), knowledge of the elementary, simplest principles of the theory and methodology of physical recreation, hygiene, work regime, food, rest. Motive activity, feasible household labor (snow removal, firewood harvesting, work in the horticultural area) are essential for maintaining health and fighting aging.
Physical exercises and motor activity as a whole have a beneficial effect on the psyche, on all autonomic functions - gas exchange, digestion, cardiovascular and excretory systems, and endocrine glands. They create the basis for a healthy lifestyle, help fight bad habits and increase the body's ability to resist fatigue and disease.
The most common provisions of the method of physical exercise, which is absolutely necessary for older people to follow, are as follows.
Before starting hygienic gymnastics, you need to tune in, relax your muscles, conduct several respiratory movements and sipping. Alternating exercises for the arms, legs, body, starting with small ones and gradually involving large muscle groups (for example, starting with exercises for the neck, hands, and later for the arms, legs, body). Increase and reduce the load should be gradual, its peak should be in the middle or at the very beginning of the last third of classes.
Maximum loads, the appearance of a deep feeling of fatigue, exhaustion ("legs and arms tremble"), excessive emotional stress, straining, rapid changes in posture, turns, bends, accelerations are unacceptable. The drama of old age lies in the fact that desires persist, and opportunities fade away, so you can not get carried away, overestimate their capabilities, because this sometimes leads to tragic consequences (strokes, heart attacks, ruptures of muscles and ligaments, fractures).
Physical exercises, any types of physical activity should be considered
Lecture 20 Features adult physical culture
thaw with water and tempering procedures (shower, bath, bathing), massage, thermal procedures (sauna, Russian bath).
It is unacceptable for the elderly to engage in physical exercises without constant medical supervision and self-control, their competent, conscious attitude to their state of health. The content of self-control includes well-known provisions - monitoring well-being, sleep, appetite, weight, heart rate (pulse). At rest, it is 60-80, and with a peak load of 100-120 beats per minute. It is very interesting and useful to keep a diary of self-control, in which you should record the dynamics of the functioning of the body, the unusual subjective sensations.
Individual, independent physical exercises (aerobics, shaping, jogging, athletic gymnastics) are very popular among people of mature age and young people. They are carried out at home, in institutions and at enterprises, in gyms and pools. Their content and form are selected to the taste of the students themselves and are held at a convenient time for them.
Especially important here is the ability to control the load, "listen" to your body, constantly exercise self-control and in time to seek the advice of a specialist or doctor. The elementary form of self-control is monitoring the pulse, its normal (at rest) and maximum values. In a person of middle age and average physical development, they range from 63 beats per minute at rest to 140-160 (in the elderly to 130-140) strokes after exercise. In addition, the method of calculating the pulse after 1.3.5 minutes after the end of physical exercises is very informative. With a normal, not painful reaction, the pulse rate gradually decreases and after 3-5 minutes of rest comes back to normal.
Individual classes are conducted in full accordance with the state of health, the degree of physical development, gender, age of students. Currently, many literary sources set forth the content, methods of independent studies.
In classes in which the goal is to increase muscle mass, medium weights are used (50-60% of the maximum possible), allowing you to perform the exercise 5-7 times. To increase muscle strength, it is advisable to use weights 75-85% of the maximum possible and perform movements 2-3 times. To reduce the amount of adipose tissue in the body, it is advisable to use a small burden (20-40% of the maximum) and perform 10-12 movements at a fast pace. Perform each exercise in 2-4 approaches.
For women, it is advisable to use "stretching" exercises, rhythmic to the music, with objects on the head, at the ballet machine (chair, table, wall), if possible in front of the mirror. This allows you to improve posture, increase flexibility, mobility in the joints, harmony and plasticity of movements.
It is advisable and interesting for each student to keep a self-control diary in which he notes his well-being, dynamics of development of physical abilities (strength, flexibility, endurance), sleep, appetite, volumes of body parts (arms, legs, waist, chest). In the diary, you can record self-assignments (plan) for physical exercises and summarize the week, month, year.
One of the important problems that a person solves during the working day is the preservation of physical and mental performance, counteraction to mental fatigue. One of the most important means of solving it is to
271 Theory and methodology of physical education
on the nature of the activity, distraction from its professional types and forms, switching to other types. Therefore, there are various types of physical exercises that are purely recreational in nature. These include introductory gymnastics, physical pauses, physical minutes, physical exercises at lunchtime and after work.
In fairly wealthy institutions and enterprises, there are special places for such classes equipped with tools and equipment (volleyball courts, table tennis tables, exercise machines, bicycle ergometers).
Introductory gymnastics is carried out for 5-10 minutes before starting work. When selecting exercises, it focuses on the nature of labor and the biomechanics of labor actions and movements, the nature of working poses. Therefore, exercises are included that contribute to the fastest adaptation, ingestibility, increasing the physiological functions of the body.
Physical pauses and physical minutes are introduced to prevent the development of fatigue and act according to the mechanism of changing the type of activity. They are held an hour or two before the lunch break or the end of the working day and help to improve the functional state of the body, maintain attention, reduce the adverse effects of the working posture ("straighten, stretch"), reduce the effects of physical inactivity, immobility. It is necessary to determine in advance the time of the working day when the performance of the movements will give the best effect. The effect of exercises will increase if they are accompanied by music.
It is necessary to take into account gender, age and degree of physical fitness of students.
Exercises are performed at a slow or moderate pace, with deep and focused on exhaling breathing. It is advisable to change their complexes once a month.
In a number of professions, it is impossible to take a break even for 3-5 minutes. (dispatchers, drivers). In such cases, it is advisable to conduct two to three exercises within 1-2 minutes, aimed at those muscle groups that require a change in the nature of their functioning. It is advisable to use, taking into account the working posture and the nature of the functioning of muscle groups, exercises in sipping, tilting, turning, swing movements with a wide amplitude.
At lunchtime, it is preferable to organize outdoor activities. Its content can include exercises and games. The complex may consist of 5-7 exercises performed at a slow or moderate pace along with deep and accentuated breathing and walking for 10-20 minutes. As games you can use badminton, table tennis, billiards. Games finish 5-10 minutes before the end of the lunch break. The content of outdoor activities can include water treatments, self-massage, auto-training.
After work, also in order to change the type of activity and recreation in the broad sense of the word, either at the workplace or in specially designated premises (platforms, pools, gyms, dispensaries), it is useful to do physical exercises, games, entertainment at your pleasure and in your own way to taste. It can be both organized and independent studies, group or individual. They can be carried out with sufficient efficiency at home, especially if there are video or tape recordings of exercises (shaping, aerobics, qigong) of rhythmic and attractive music.
Great opportunities for physical recreation are available in homes and recreation centers and resorts. There, individually or in groups, all the above types and forms of physical exercises, games, and entertainment are held-
Lecture 20 Features of the physical culture of adults
mi The advantage is that there is more free time and real opportunities for this, including swimming, mountain paths, hiking and skiing, the opportunity to engage in health groups.
End of work -
This topic belongs to the section:
General principles of the theory and methodology of physical education introduction to the theory and methodology of physical culture. Basic concepts of the theory and methods of physical education
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All topics in this section:
Theory and methodology of physical culture as a science and as a discipline
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Physical education as a pedagogical process
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General principles of the formation of human physical culture
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The principle of communication with life
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The principle of wellness orientation
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Factors Determining the Impact of Exercise
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Natural forces of nature and hygiene factors
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Concept of exercise technique
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Spatial characteristics
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Power characteristics
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Rhythmic characteristic
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Methods of forming a physical culture of personality
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Knowledge Acquisition Methods
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Principles of Consciousness and Activity
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Visual principle
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Principles of accessibility and individualization
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Principle of continuity
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The principle of progression of impacts
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Principle of cyclicity
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The principle of age-appropriate pedagogical impact
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Motion Learning
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The formation of knowledge, motor skills and abilities as a process and learning outcome
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U knowledge
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Skills interaction
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Learning Management
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Prevention and correction of errors
Throughout the entire learning process, practicing physical exercises may be accompanied by deviations of the actual technique from a given pattern. The nature and degree of deviations can
General characteristics of physical abilities
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Movement - a leading factor in the development of physical abilities
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Dependence of the development of abilities on the mode of motor activity
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Stages of development of physical abilities
In the dynamics of the development of physical abilities with repeated, long-term performance of the same loads, it is conditionally possible to distinguish three relatively independent stages: Lecture 8
Unevenness and heterochronism (diversity) of the development of abilities
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Physical Ability Transfer
Various physical abilities develop in close interaction with each other. Such a phenomenon when a directed change in the level of development of one ability entails changes in the level of
The principles of development of physical abilities
The processes of learning movements and developing physical abilities subordinate-110 Lecture 8 General characteristics of physical abilities are different patterns, despite the fact
The principle of regularity of pedagogical influences
This principle implies the need for constant physical exercises for the development of a person’s physical abilities, as the latter develop and improve primarily in
The principle of progression and adaptation-adequate limit in building up the effect of pedagogical influences
This principle is based on the laws of phasing and uneven development of physical abilities. According to this principle, it is necessary to combine in the process of improving physical methods
The principle of rational combination and distribution in time of pedagogical influences of various nature
This principle requires the observance of a reasonably justified, appropriate way of interconnection and the sequence of loads of different magnitude and predominant orientation, both separately
The principle of focus and adaptive adequacy of impacts
The formation and improvement of physical abilities are based on the mechanisms of long-term adaptation of the human body to the conditions of motor activity. The usefulness of adaptive change
The principle of age-related adequacy of pedagogical influences
Obliges the teacher to carry out the formation of abilities in accordance with the developmental trends of those involved, i.e. in relation to naturally changing periods of ontogenesis. Sure,
The principle of anticipatory influences in the development of physical abilities
Its essence is that the pedagogical influences used (means, methods and forms) must correspond to the degree of development of these abilities in the individual. But this correspondence should not
The principle of proportionality in the development of abilities
It assumes compliance with the optimal ratio (proportionality) in the level of development of abilities in a person at each stage of age development. The best proportionality in the development of certain sp
Power abilities and methods of their development
9.1 The concept of power abilities, their types. Factors that determine the level of development and manifestation of power abilities. Performing any movement or maintaining any pose of the human body
Means of developing power abilities
With the development of strength abilities, exercises with increased resistance are used - strength exercises. Depending on the nature of the resistance, they are divided into three groups:
Power Ability Development Methods
The directed development of strength abilities occurs only when maximum muscle tension is realized. Therefore, the main problem in the method of strength training is that
The concept of speed abilities, their types. Factors determining the level of development and manifestations of speed abilities
To characterize the ability of a person to perform motor tasks at maximum speed for a number of years the generalized term "speed" was used. Given the multiplicity of ph
Technique for the development of speed of motor reactions
The speed of motor reactions can be simple and complex. A simple reaction is a response by a previously known movement to a previously known, but suddenly by
Selection reactions
Most often, these types of reactions are found in games and martial arts. The speed of reaction to a moving object is 0.18-1.00 sec. The latent period of this reaction is longer than simple and
Methodology for the development of the speed of single movement and frequency of movements
The speed of a single movement is manifested in the ability to perform individual motor acts with high speed. This, for example, the speed of a hand when throwing a spear
Methodology for the development of complex forms of manifestation of speed abilities
In many motor actions, the varieties of speed qualities discussed above are manifested in combination. The complex manifestation of speed abilities is determined by the content of the main engine
The concept of coordination abilities. Criteria and forms of manifestation of coordination abilities
The term “coordination” can serve as a starting point in the definition of “coordination abilities”. The word "coordination" of Latin origin. is he
Coordination Skills Development Technique
With the development of coordination abilities, the teacher has to solve both general and particular problems, the determination of which is carried out on the basis of components characterizing the quality of management
Time
Lecture II. Coordination abilities and methods of their development. Recently, great importance in the formation of a “sense of time” is given to use in physical
The concept of endurance. Fatigue and endurance. Types of endurance
ENDURANCE - a person’s ability to perform any activity for a long time without reducing its effectiveness. Since the duration of work is ultimately limited
Special
General endurance is a person’s ability to continuous and effective performance of work of a nonspecific nature, which has a positive effect on
Stamina Development Technique
The development of speed endurance. It is customary to talk about speed endurance in relation to exercises of a cyclic nature (running, walking, swimming, rowing, walking and
Load components
I | h Option Purpose «| | ^ ° method of application | and 5 I i I ® \u200b\u200bSs5 ^ e \u003d 5x? 5 s »11 I: g 1111 i & po
Tasks, means and methods of developing flexibility
In the process of physical education should not seek the ultimate development of flexibility, since its excessive increase leads to deformation of the joints and ligaments and then to their "looseness"
The development of personal qualities engaged in physical exercises
14.1 The role and place of physical culture in the formation of personal qualities. Personal qualities include properties at a high social level that determine, to a large extent, the expression
Patriotic and moral education
It is advisable to consider these two types of education in a single context. Love for your Fatherland; willingness to stand up for him without sparing life; high patriotic feelings accompany
Legal education
The content of legal education is a system of educational impacts on the consciousness, feelings and will of the educated, with the aim of transmitting a meaningful set of information about legal norms, strengthening
Aesthetic education in the field of physical education
Aesthetic education is an inseparable component of the diverse harmonious development of modern man, able to master cultural values, build a life according to the laws of beauty
The personality of the teacher, the requirements for his professional abilities, preparedness and skill
The success of any activities in the field of physical education, the effectiveness of physical education and sports activities to a large extent depends on the composition of the relevant specialists, the level of their profession
General characteristics of the forms of building classes
The holistic process of physical education of any contingent of the population is practically carried out by sequentially conducting individual physical exercises. Being relatively
General characteristics of inactive classes
In physical education, inappropriate forms of organization of classes are widespread: morning gymnastics; introductory gymnastics (before lessons at school, before work);
The concept of control and accounting. Control and Accounting Requirements
The essence of control and accounting is to identify, comprehend and evaluate the real conditions, specific facts of the dynamics and results of the pedagogical process. Thanks to control and accounting accumulate
Documents of control and accounting
The main documents of control, accounting and reporting are: a group study journal, a medical record, an injury register, a register for the presence and condition of equipment, a book of records
Physical education in the system of education of preschool children
17.1 Socio-pedagogical significance of physical education. Age periodization of preschool children. During the first seven years of life, a child goes a long way physically
Features of the methodology for physical exercises
1. The protection and promotion of health, the comprehensive and harmonious physical development of children. Considering immaturity, great skeletal compliance, muscle weakness, low level
Exercise Forms
In kindergartens, the following quite diverse forms of physical education classes with children have spread: 1. Physical exercises in the form of a lesson. 2. Zan
Socio-pedagogical significance of physical education of schoolchildren. Typical age features
School age includes children, adolescents and youths aged 6-7 to 17-18 years. In accordance with the system of general education existing in our country, this age period is divided
To perfection
designed, in essence, for the formation of individual motor skills. In practice, especially in the field of general physical education, classes are predominantly (to the greatest extent
Basic requirements for the development of physical abilities in school age
They consist in providing communication with the formation and improvement of motor skills. Characteristic physical abilities (or their various combinations) are manifested only in conditions
Features of the development of coordination abilities
First of all, they are determined by their significant role in the modern motor practice of schoolchildren. Their systematic development should be given close attention throughout the school year.
Features of the development of speed and speed-power abilities
At school age, especially about 8-9 to 13-14 years, all manifestations of speed abilities progress intensely under the influence of natural development factors. They are also adjacent to high-speed power
Features of the development of self-power abilities
In boys, two periods of intensive increase in muscle strength are distinguished - from 9 to 12, and from 14 to 17 years. In girls, the strength of the muscles grow intensively 8-9 to 13-14 years. A large increase in strength in young men over
Features of the development of endurance
The development of endurance is mandatory, starting from primary school age. Most of all, attention should be paid to increasing the resistance to fatigue in various types of motor activity
Annual plan for the passage of program material
Compiled for each class parallel. In order to develop such a plan, the teacher must do the following preparatory work. First, you should outline the number of hours that will be
Quarter plan
It is a sequential presentation of the content of each lesson of the academic quarter. It is compiled on the basis of the annual plan for the passage of program material, taking into account the real course of training
Technology for the preparation of the plan of the educational process for the academic quarter (six months)
At the next stage of work, it is required to correctly distribute private tasks and training tasks for their solution according to the lessons of a quarter. The effectiveness of this operation will depend on the skill of the teacher
Methods of planning educational work at a physical education lesson
In each lesson, 3-4 planned educational tasks are usually solved, and, in addition, the constantly working tasks of harmonious development, health promotion and moral education
Lesson summary
Common tasks ur date
Grading system
Performance testing is carried out systematically, in a specific system. This ensures not only timely accounting of the results of the educational process, but also its improvement. In physical education lessons
Accounting for academic work
All current and final grades are timely put up in a classroom journal, which is the main document for the registration of academic work. In addition to performance, it marks the attendance of each ur
Appointment and tasks of professionally applied physical training
Physical culture in secondary specialized educational institutions in its structure and functioning is in many ways similar to the system of physical education in a comprehensive school. However, having
Means of professionally applied physical training, the fundamentals of the methodology and form of classes
Of particular importance in the purposeful formation of professionally necessary properties and qualities of a future specialist are the means of influencing the students' bodies. The main of these tools is
The main factors and conditions that determine the physical education of adults
The adult population includes all people from adulthood to their very old age. There are various approaches to adult periodization of people. They all wear more or less
Non-specialized physical education for adults
It involves the formation by each person of his own idea of \u200b\u200bthe level of his physical development, of the degree of mastery of motor skills, knowledge of the methodology of his physical
Motor rehabilitation
Motor rehabilitation (rehabilitation - recovery) satisfies the needs of people in the treatment of various injuries, bruises, mental breakdowns as a result of stressful situations, etc. Perennial
The essence and structure of physical training in the Armed Forces
The system of physical training of troops is being built and put into operation in accordance with a certain concept - a set of views on the essence of the process of physical improvement of military personnel
Physical training classes
They occupy an important place in the general system of combat training of military personnel. They are aimed at the development and continuous improvement of physical abilities, the formation and improvement of military
Morning exercise
It is a mandatory element of the daily routine. It is carried out in order to: systematic training of military personnel and is aimed at quickly bringing the body into active state after sleep
Physical training in the process of combat training
Allows you to use the time allotted for official activities and combat training for additional physical training of personnel, associates physical training with specific tasks
Mass Sports
It occupies an important place in the system of physical improvement of military personnel. It is characterized by the following features: a combination of compulsory sports and voluntary
The emergence and state of modern sports
Sport arose at the dawn of our civilization. Elementary forms of sport in the form of competitive exercises already existed in primitive society. In a slaveholding society maximize
Ami activities
Fig. 23.1. The general field of sport (according to S. V. Bryankin) In a broad sense, sport includes competition itself
Society as a social system
fig. 23. 2. The place of sport in society 300 Lecture 23 Sport in the system of physical education Currently
Religious factors
Fig. 23.3. Factors affecting the formation of sport as a social subsystem of a spectacular society
Athlete training as a multi-component process
Athlete training covers the directed use of the totality of factors such as means, methods, conditions with which to increase the athlete’s preparedness for sports
Conclusion
Finishing the presentation of the lecture course, it is advisable to take stock of the current state of the theory and methodology of physical culture and outline some prospects for its development. Theory and methodology of physical
Volumetric requirements for the theory and methodology of physical education
1. Theory and methodology of physical education as a science and academic discipline. 2. Comparative characteristics of the concepts of "physical education", "physical education", "with
Balushkina Alexandra Alexandrovna
Position: trainer in sports
Educational institution: MBU DO DYUSSH "Youth"
Locality: Aksay city
Material Name: Abstract
Topic: "Physical recreation as a type of recreational activity"
Publication Date: 23.01.2018
Section: additional education
PHYSICAL RECREATION AS A KIND OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
The most important thing in human life is health, because this aspect helps
man to succeed in all spheres of life. Most Health
people regarded as a means of achieving their needs, rather than as a means
live a long life. These two health characteristics are contrasted with each other.
friend, because if you use health to achieve goals, then it is fast
wasted, and to save it for long years of life, it is necessary to strengthen it
active life. Therefore, in ancient times, the concept of
achieve the desired.
Over time, thanks to many years of experience and practical knowledge, people began
to study the issue of physical recreation. Scientists are interested in this
concept only in the second half of the XX century. From this time on, he gradually becomes
the subject of research in history, sociology, biology, geography and other scientific
disciplines.
Physical recreation arose in the system of physical education and initially
performed a pedagogical function. Then it was widely used in religious
rituals, national games, holidays, entertainment, acquiring mass character,
over time, it became an integral part of the life of people. Such
conditions contributed to the enrichment of physical recreation with various social
functions, it became an important factor in the socialization of young people, although not
provided training for social responsibilities. Physical recreation
was a way of outdoor activities, games that shape health.
A Vydrin V.M. explained the reason for its occurrence, saying: “Physical recreation
arose in the life and life of people in ancient times for tens of thousands of years before
the highest flowering of the culture of physicality of Ancient Greece, although it did not have
name and term. Due to the accelerated development of capitalism in Western Europe
the need for recreational activities has increased. It settled
the impact on the population of hard work in poor conditions. ” Nowadays in
in the case of physical recreation, we are talking about recovering from a difficult working day.
days, overwork, overstrain of a person. When it comes to motor
rehabilitation, it implies compensation of functions after injuries or pathologies.
Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the characteristics that distinguish between different types
physical culture. This would help in solving problems with their social
using. But the social essence of physical recreation today
not well understood.
In the literature, a sufficiently large number of types of recreation. Allocate the main
signs by which physical recreation could be distinguished from others:
1) The basis of this type of recreation is physical activity.
2) Includes not only physical, but also emotional as well as intellectual
components.
3) With the right exercises, it positively affects the functions of the body.
4) It has an entertaining character.
5) The main means of achieving results are exercise.
6) Has its own methodology
As was said, any type of recreation affects more than one scientific branch, so in
physical recreation distinguish the following aspects:
1) The biological aspect is studying what effect recreation can have on
human organism
2) The psychological aspect answers the question of what motives a person pursues starting
to engage in physical recreation, and how his behavior is psychologically changing.
3) The economic aspect is the means used to organize
physical recreation.
4) The social aspect is responsible for bringing together people who are active
physical activity, in groups and in the process of combining social exchange
5) The cultural aspect reveals what cultural values \u200b\u200ba person assimilates in the process
physical recreational activities, and to what extent it contributes to the creation of
new personal and social values.
6) The educational aspect is studying the effect of physical recreation
has on the formation of personality in its physical, intellectual, moral,
creative development.
There are several ways to exercise that have
exclusively recreational in nature. This physical education, introductory gymnastics, and
elementary exercise during a break at work or after work
of the day. Some enterprises even allocate places where you can engage
physical exercises, they are equipped with special equipment and simulators
(tennis courts, billiards, etc.).
They do introductory gymnastics for 5-10 minutes before starting work.
The set of exercises depends on how mobile the work is and what kind of work
used (physical, intellectual). Based on this exercise can be
both more active and relaxing. From the right selection of exercises
depends on the rate of adaptation, performance and restoration of physiological
body functions.
Physical education is necessary so that a person can escape from work. This
a way of changing activities helps increase alertness, reduce the burden of
uniform posture, reduce the effect of immobility on the body and generally improve
its functional state. The optimal time for physical education
it is considered 2 hours before the lunch break. Elementary exercise helps
discharge the body, disperse blood and relax after a working day. Recommended
spend only 10 minutes in the evening in stretching exercises. Such a pastime
improves blood circulation, metabolism and promotes healthy sleep. Looking at
methods of physical recreation, we can conclude that they are united
accessibility and the end result is the achievement of such a physical state, with
which ensures the normal functioning of the body.
Physical recreation has many advantages over other components.
physical culture. Firstly, recreation is available to people of all ages - from
toddlers to the elderly. Secondly, a person can choose the time for classes
and their duration you can engage in recreation at any time convenient for you
(starting in the morning and ending in the late evening), and the duration can vary from 10
minutes to several hours. This advantage is the main, because shows that outside
depending on employment, any person is able to maintain his body in
great shape with minimal effort. Thirdly, physical recreation
do not have a specific venue, this shows that it does not require
economic investments for subscriptions to expensive sports complexes (you can
to do at home, in the hall, on the platform, etc.). And last but not least important plus
is the composition for classes (both individual and group classes are possible).
But, in spite of such a varied type of motor activity, recreation is still
requires a culture of occupation, which includes self-control,
medical control, moderate exercise and rest appropriate to gender, age and
physical development. After all, not knowing the capabilities of your body, a person can
overload it and only worsen its functional state. Recreational
classes give complete freedom of personal expression in the process of motor
activities. Unregulated, outdoor activities give joy
communication with her, enjoyment. The formation of positive emotions in the highest degree
beneficial effect on the psyche and intelligence of man.
ConclusionRecrealogy is a branch of the science of relaxation, restoration of health and
recovery. This science includes the process of physical, cultural and
the social development of man, with the help of which he is capable of more universally
adapt to any changing conditions (social, natural, etc.). IN
our time, the need for physical recreation is increasing. She helps
satisfy the needs of people in movement and thereby becomes indispensable in their
life activity. If a person does not lead an active lifestyle, and physical activity
recreation are minimized, then in most cases such people are more susceptible
various diseases (obesity, weakening of the immune system, development of cardio
vascular diseases, osteoporosis, etc.). Therefore, if you do not want to inflict
severe damage to your body, it is necessary to maintain motor
activity.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that physical recreation
is one of the most popular and affordable types of recreational activities.
Physical recreation is a part of physical culture, a combination of free,
unregulated motor activity, ultimately aimed at
ensuring the optimal physical condition of a person, contributing to
normal functioning of his body in specific living conditions. Besides
recovery of forces and a peculiar type of rest, physical recreation helps
adaptive capabilities and improve emotional mood.
Of course, to achieve a quick result, you need to rethink your previous
lifestyle, set a specific goal.
Each person who decides to engage in outdoor activities will be very useful
keep a diary in which he will be able to note the dynamics of the development of physical
abilities, emotional and intellectual state, well-being, etc.
List of references
1. Vydrin V.M. Physical recreation - a type of physical culture / V.M. Vydrin
// Physical culture and health. 2004. No 2. S. 18-21
2. Zaitsev VP, Prusik Kristof, Ermakov SS. // Physical education of students. 2011.
3. Ryzhkin Yu.E. To the question of the concept of the phenomenon "Physical Recreation" / Yu.E.
Ryzhkin // Theory and practice of physical education. 2011. No. 4. P. 55-57.
4. Smorodinov A.S. Physical recreation as a means of preserving and strengthening
student health / A.S. Smorodinov, V.I. Smorodinova // Physical Culture and
health. 2004. No. 1. S. 30-32.
5.Tadeusz Staniszewski. Tasks and conditions of mobile recreation in modern
polish family / Tadeusz Staniszewski // Pedagogy, psychology and medical and biological
problems physical sports and sports. 2006. No5. S.94-98.
The problem of structuring physical culture, its types (parts) has not yet been solved. There are various points of view on this score. So, for example, in some sources the recreational forms and places of physical exercises (recreational corridors) are indicated, in others physical recreation finds its expression in such terms and concepts as “mass physical education”, “mass-improving”, “improving”, "Industrial gymnastics", "mass sport", "mass-health", "active rest", etc. In other words, the goals, objectives, content of physical recreation, its status as a type of physical culture have not yet been clearly identified and little studied. At the same time, it is such an area of \u200b\u200bmotor activity that satisfies individual and group needs of people in unregulated physical activity, adequate to their subjective needs and capabilities.
The presence of different views, terms and concepts in determining the essence of physical recreation requires a special and more detailed study. Therefore, this article attempts to give a general description of physical recreation as a form of physical education.
A number of works highlight some aspects and forms of its manifestation, content, purpose, specificity, study historical aspects of recreation, give a comparative analysis of its development, show the physical recreation of schoolchildren, as well as the theory and methodology of its varieties such as industrial, mass-improving physical culture , outdoor activities, etc.
Physical recreation also includes such forms of physical exercises as morning exercises, introductory gymnastics, pauses and physical minutes at educational institutions, institutions, in production, outdoor games for children, adolescents and adults, various types of walking, skiing, boating, biking, ice skating, etc.).
The word "recreation" is a derivative of the Latin word, which has several options and, therefore, several meanings: rereo (recreo) - recreate, reproduce, update; recreatum (recreatum) - to restore, reinforce, refresh, strengthen, encourage; resreare (recreare) to recover, reborn, gain strength again, rest, recover; recreatio (recreation) - restoration (of forces), recovery.
Adding the word “physical” means that in these processes (recovery, rest, refreshment, recovery, etc.) physical activity predominates, physical exercises, games, and entertainment are used. They are aimed at promoting the normal functioning of the human body by creating an optimal physical condition.
The essence of physical recreation as an activity inevitably narrows if it is considered only in one aspect - either as entertainment, or as a restoration of strength, or switching from one type of activity to another, etc. Therefore, it should be considered as a combination of various aspects of motor activity, the interaction of which leads to a useful result.
For an objective determination of the presence of components and their relationships in a given system, it is necessary to proceed from the main characteristics of the metasystem, which, on the one hand, is not the sum of its components, on the other hand, is inevitably reflected in the characteristics of each component.
In relation to physical recreation as a system, physical culture will be a metasystem, since it is an area of \u200b\u200bsocially necessary activity, satisfying the needs of the individual and society in the diversified and optimal development of physical abilities and motor qualities in the interests of life.
Using traditional for physical culture basic, background, auxiliary means (physical exercises, natural forces of nature, diet, labor, leisure), physical recreation draws attention to the specificity and sympathy of people of different ages, sex, health, physical fitness with their specifics.
The wide distribution of this type of activity is facilitated by the complete freedom to choose the content of classes, the time and place of the duration of classes, the choice of partners, etc. The motivation for classes is based on purely personal individual tastes, interests of inclination and needs. The advantage of physical recreation lies in the fact that it has a huge number of varieties, provides ample opportunities for contact with the natural environment. Uncomplicated and diverse means make it accessible to people of all ages. The combination of game elements and competition in the classes creates unlimited opportunities for expanding its attractiveness (entertainment, games, competitions, etc.). Physical recreation often does not need an organizational and institutional superstructure, typical of other components of physical education (physical education, sports), its content and forms can easily be adapted to the needs and capabilities of any social environment, group of people, external conditions and subjective needs of those involved.
In the process of substantiating a specific object as a system, it is necessary to identify a system-forming factor that shows, "around which objects or processes and for the solution of what tasks and problems, these or those subsystems and elements of this system are formed." By definition, P.K. Anokhin, the backbone factor is the end result of the system, "for the sake of which the system is created."
Therefore, when studying physical recreation, it can be assumed that satisfying the various needs of people in physical activity, entertainment, switching from one type of activity to another, preventing adverse effects and restoring temporarily reduced or lost body functions in the field of the system under study are only its private tasks. These needs of people are met by each individually and as a whole by all types of physical activity. Thus, the prerequisites for the normal functioning of the human body in the specific conditions of its life are created. In other words, the final result is their community, unity.
Thus, the backbone factor uniting various aspects of motor activity within the framework of physical recreation is the final result - the creation of a certain physical state that ensures the normal functioning of the human body.
Therefore, the importance of physical river reactions is growing as a necessary component of people's life and activity, allowing them to satisfy their natural biological needs in movement. The activation on this basis of the physical state and the development of the body, health promotion provide the physical capacity necessary in the emerging conditions of life. Its exclusion or minimization at any significant time, the life of a person inevitably results in damage to him, worsens the activity of all organs and systems, makes him less resistant to the negative effects of the external environment. With a decrease in the volume of motor activity, one of the important factors contributing to the improvement of the body and the strengthening of its functions is lost.
It should be borne in mind that all types and forms of physical recreation help to rationally use free time, deal with negative phenomena in behavior, increase working capacity, expand and increase the functional capabilities of the body, and help to deal with adverse working conditions or the impact of the nature of work.
However, all this gives a distant cumulative effect. For a person engaged on his own initiative, based on subjective tastes, interests, motives, the main thing is to enjoy motor activity, satisfy personal needs in this type of activity. And the upbringing of these needs is one of the main tasks in physical education and physical culture of people of any age.
All aspects of recreational activities using means of physical education, considered in the framework of the studied system, can be covered by the concept of "physical recreation". Thus, physical recreation is an organic and immanent part of physical culture, a combination of free, unregulated physical activity, aimed ultimately at ensuring the optimal physical condition of a person, contributing to the normal functioning of his body in specific living conditions.
Physical recreation includes the following aspects of motor activity: 1) the satisfaction of biological needs for motor activity; 2) the need for entertainment, pleasure, enjoyment; 3) switching from one to another type of activity; 4) activation of the body through movement; 5) prevention of adverse effects on the human body; 6) restoration of reduced or temporarily lost body functions.
However, this study of the problems of physical recreation is not limited. It is necessary to study the components of physical recreation more deeply, to study its structure (composition and structure), the causes of occurrence and stages of development and functioning in the interests of satisfying individual and group needs.