Today is August 1, holidays, events: the day of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Collector Day.
On August 1, the day of the rear of the Armed Forces of Russia is celebrated. This holiday is approved by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 225 of May 7, 1998
For the point of reference of the story of the rear of the armed forces adopted 1700. Then February 18 Peter I signed a decree "On the institution of all bread reserves of routine people to South Languages, with the name of him to this part of the Saiant General."
The first independent supplied authority was established - the provisional order, which made supplies for the army of bread, cereals and grainifuges. He carried out centralized food security, which is known today is one of the types of material support for troops.
On August 1, 1941, an actual self-determination of the rear of the armed forces occurred. He appeared as an independent view or genus of the Armed Forces.
On this day, the Supreme Commander I. V. Stalin signed the order of the People's Commissar of the USSR Defense No. 0257 "On the organization of the main management of the Red Army rear ...", which united the headquarters of the rear headquarters, the Office of the Ot, Road Office and the Inspectorate of the Red Army Rear . The post of head of the Red Army rear was introduced, which, in addition to the main management of the Red Army, "in all respects", were also subject to the main intendant management, the management of the supply of flammable, sanitary and veterinary management.
The position of the rear chief was also introduced in fronts and armies. The head of the Tar of the Red Army was appointed Deputy People's Commissar of the USSR Defense General Lieutenant of the Intensdant Service A. V. Khrulev, the head of his headquarters - Major General of the Intensdant Service P. V. Utkin. The reduction in one beginning of the entire totality of the supplied, medical and transport structures made it possible to establish a complex process of the rear provision of the current army.
Today rear of the Armed Forces Russian FederationBeing an integral part of the defense potential of the state and the link between the country's economy and directly with troops consuming produced products is a coordinated, efficient mechanism.
Collection (from the Italian Incassare - put in the box) - Collection and delivery of cash, foreign currency and other values \u200b\u200bin the bank's operating cash desk.
August 1 - Professional holiday staff of collection. On this day, in 1939, the Collection Service was created at the State Bank of the USSR.
The need to transport and protect funds and values \u200b\u200barose simultaneously with their appearance at the end of the IX century in Kiev Rus. The main merchants and treasurers in the ancient Kiev were prince and boyars. They ensured the protection of trading caravans by their friend's forces.
Since morest times, money was transported either by their owners or people whom they were specifically hired and trusted. And always, when there was a lot of money, they were accompanied by armed people, ready to protect them from robbers.
So, in the XVI century, trading caravans of Sourozh merchants were accompanied by an impressive guard and were headed by a "head guest" - a representative of the richest merchant interlayer that had a special confidence of the Corporation of guests.
With the emergence of the need to collect cash withdrawal enterprises, other organizations and delivery of them in the establishment of banks, from the total function of collecting and transporting money, its type was released - collection, and together with it the profession of the collector arose.
In Russia until 1917, the centralized collection of the collection, as such, was absent. The protection of cords who transported money was performed by hired private ward.
From 1917 to 1939, the collection and support of monetary values \u200b\u200bwas carried out by the CC-OGPU-NKVD. By the decision of the SCR of the SSR Union of August 3, 1939, a collection of collection was formed as part of the USSR State Bank.
For a long time, the collection has developed in the depths of the Central Bank. And in 1988, the Russian Republican Collection Management was organized, which acquired the status of independent legal entityThe jurisdiction of the Bank of Russia.
Every year in Russia, August 1 is celebrated - the day of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
This day is timed to the date of the creation of the rear troops on August 1, 1940 by Joseph Stalin. The first commander of these troops was A.V. Khrulev.
Despite the fact that the first provincial services in the army were formed under Peter I, yet the report of the organization of a full-fledged rear service, the unification of many subordinate structures must be considered since 1940.
From providing food troops, medicines, outfit and, of course, the ammunition depends on how efficient they will be. It is this task that goes to the servicemen of the rear security. Recognizing this great role, Stalin has repeatedly mentioned at various reasons that if not if the rear service would not have our victory.
After the collapse of the USSR, a decision was made at the level of the president that it was not necessary to transfer the celebration of this day to another date and according to the Decree of May 7, 1998 - "Day of the Tar of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" is celebrated annually on August 1.
By tradition on this day, all employees of the department receive congratulations on the highest ranks of the Armed Forces, and extraordinary titles and valuable awards are awarded especially distinguished military personnel.
Day of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the official professional holiday, which is included in the register of memorable and festive dates of the Russian Federation. It is not a day off (if it falls on a weekday).
Day of the Tar of the Armed Forces of Russia / Photo: Press Service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Annually on August 1 marks Day of the Tar of the Armed Forces of Russia. This holiday is approved by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 225 of May 7, 1998.
For the point of reference of the story of the rear of the armed forces adopted 1700. Then February 18 Peter I signed a decree "On the institution of all bread reserves of routine people to South Languages, with the name of him to this part of the Saiant General."
The first independent supplied body was established - the provisional order, which made the supply of bread, cereals and grainifuges for the army. He carried out centralized food security, which is known today is one of the types of material support for troops.
On August 1, 1941, the actual self-determination of the rear of the Armed Forces - the rear was determined as an independent view or the genus of the Armed Forces.
On this day the Supreme Commander I.V. Stalin signed the order of the People's Commissar of the Defense of the USSR No. 0257 "On the organization of the Main Directorate of the Red Army Tar ...", which united the headquarters of the rear headquarters, the Uda, Road Office and inspection of the chief of the Red Army's rear. The post of head of the Red Army rear was introduced, which, in addition to the main management of the Red Army, "in all respects", were also subject to the main intendant management, the management of the supply of flammable, sanitary and veterinary management.
The reduction in one beginning of the entire totality of the supplied, medical and transport structures made it possible to establish a complex process of the rear provision of the current army.
It consists of the headquarters of the rear, 9 of the main and central administrations, 3 services, as well as management bodies, troops and organization of central subordination, rear structures of species and childbirth forces of the Armed Forces, military districts and fleets, associations, compounds and military units.
On July 29, 2000, President of Russia V.Putin signed a decree "On the 300th anniversary of the Tar of Armed Forces", in which the text of the army and the fleet, taking into account the importance of the rear support of the army and the fleet, noting the combat merit to the fatherland of veterans and the personnel of the rear of the Armed Forces and in the Fatherland Relations with his 300th anniversary, decree: to establish a memorable day - the 300th anniversary of the rear of the armed forces and celebrate it on August 1, 2000. "
Day of the rear of the armed forcesRUSSIAN FEDERATION
The formation of the rear organs is directly related to the formation of the Russian regular army, the origins of which stood Peter I. On February 18, 1700 Peter I issued a decree "On the institution of all bread reserves of rolling people to South Languages, with his name to this part of the Soviant General."
The first independent supplied authority was established - Provider orderwho has been supplied for the army of bread, cereals and grainifuges. He carried out centralized food security, which is known today is one of the types of material support for troops. This decree was commanded by this decree "... to keep all the bread reserves in the country's ratios, as well as the collection of them and the country, in Moscow and in other cities ...".
On the same day, another decree of the autocrat established another order - Special, subsequently called name Military (otherwise he was called Commissariat). He was providing appropriations sent for armament of troops, monetary content of the army, supplying it outfit and horses.
Created by Peter I, regular army and fleet demanded further steps to centralize their collateral, and in 1711, by decree of Peter I, the supply authorities were part of the current army. In its field administration, the Commissioner was formed, engaged in all types of supply. Received the development of the transportation of the provision, the system of reserves was developed, a single intennant service was created.
The structure of the management bodies and accumulated in the course of the Northern War, the existing army, which was accumulated during the Northern War, were enshrined in Charter of Military 1716.
Responsibility for ensuring the troops was assigned to the commander of the army (General-Field Marshal), and the direct leadership of its supply - to the CRIs-Commissioner General, the duties of which, in particular, was charged with the supply of troops with money, broad property, provinite, weapons and horses. Medical support was carried out: in the army - the doctor under the highest generals, in divisions - the doctor and headquarters, in the shelves - the doctor, in the company - the barber (Feldscher).
However, vehicles Not included in the latter. The army chaplaes was subordinate to the VagenMister General. Above the fact that the apartment general, which, along with the delivery, he also led the placement of troops and hospitals. In fact, it was he who created the rear infrastructure of the field army, although it was not the organizer of material support.
The separation of the supplied and transport authority at that time had its own reason. By the need for travel, for example, could turn into a similarity of the fortification and used as a defensive line. However, if one boss defines a "disposition" rear "disposition", and the other is its supply content, it gives rise to a contradiction, which increases with the development of military affairs and the complication of the rear organization.
In the overall supply system, food has the greatest proportion. The army was fully ensured from state reserves. By 1705, food warehouses were opened in many cities. Products were delivered on the grooves or rivers on the stages (large boats). In addition to permanent (stationary), temporary and mobile warehouses were also organized. The first were deployed by troops when stopping for a short time.
And the second, called shops, was prescribed to have permanent food reserves in the amount of the monthly need.
Make an idea of \u200b\u200bthese prototypes of modern brigades of material support will help, for example, the reporting of Admiral Apraksin dated March 11, 1711. He reported Peter I on the organization of a hiking store on 2609 Fabrics, drilling 4160 quarters of superstars 384 quarter 1200 quarters of oats I. 22 713 Punches of the hay. If you count, then it is about 1300 Ton! It is quite comparable to the lifting capacity of the on-board transport of a separate battalion for the material support of the modern division.
It should be noted: many problems of today's rear are rooted in history. For example, in the Petrovskaya era, the provisters and commissioners were submitted not to the commanders of regiments and divisions, but only to higher chiefs in their specialty, consisted of troops as authorized from the army, sometimes from the province.
After Peter's death, in 1730, the Interim Military Commission stated the insufficient security of troops. Decided decisions that gave the regiments the right to accumulate released cassers. On the "economic sums" (saved money) it was possible to buy everything necessary - up to the horses. The well-known autonomy of the military economy was beneficial to the state: its own property is saved better than the stateless. And what is not "economic amount", say, the current species 101, where funds from the utility farms are coming, saving bread and that. Obviously, the practice of extrabudgetary funds has a centuries-old history.
Private contractors were attracted to the supply of regular army of Russia. For example, from the middle of the XIX century, five ways of workpiece of material means are legalized: in a row with trading, commercial, commission, cash purchase, as well as vacation to the shelves on the workpiece "own care."
Significant rear development received in the first half of the XIX century. In 1802, a military ministry is formed in Russia, originally called the Ministry of Military and Land Forces.
The first military minister was the general from Infanteria S.K.Vazmitinov, who had previously headed the Commissar Department. It is when it in 1805, the Commissariat and Provitanian departments were combined into one Intensductant officewhich existed for a long time (though, in the armies, corps and divisions, the initiants were still preserved).
Since 1812, the Military Ministry included seven independent departments, including Provitansky, Commissariat and Medical. There was a significant movement in the field control of the troops. According to the new position called "Establishment for managing the large army", The control of the rear has nailed to the headquarters of the army. He was obliged with the participation of the relevant chiefs to develop plans to ensure army with weapons, ammunition, food, engineering and non-fermented property, worship, planning supplying supplies, equip military roads and coordinate movement on them, organize medical support, place and move shops, artparks, Hospitals.
The headquarters as a control body, planning at the same time the fighting of the troops, and their provision, subjugate the interests of the supply of the entire rear. The efficiency of the latter, therefore, was raised at a higher stage.
Nevertheless, the issues of the rear device and supply organization still have been crushed - now between the Intendant General and the head of the main headquarters, which were submitted to the Commander-in-Chief. The position of the duty officer, who submitted to the headquarters of the army was noticeable innovation.
This official, on the one hand, carried out guidance and transportation, and the army inconsiser, on the other hand, it was responsible for organizing the evacuation of the wounded and sick and the provision of medical care.
After half a century, the idea of \u200b\u200bconsolidating the supply authorities continued the outstanding Russian military reformer D.A. Milutin. In 1864, the Commissariat and Provonan Departments were again united in one department - MAIN INTENDANNANCE MANAGEMENT OF MILITARY. Two years later establishing Committee for Moving Troops by Railways.
Truly coup in the theory and practice of military art, can be considered, the discovery of D.A. Milyutin and his associates became the organization of the rear of the operating army during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878.
Then an extraordinary step was taken - the position of "Chief of Military Communications of the Army and Commander of the Army, in the rear of it, was introduced. He was obeyed by headquarters of the headquarters, the intensity, artillery, military medical, engineering and military medical department in the rear of the army. The rights and obligations of the new official were set forth in the temporary regime on the management of military messages of the current army and in its rear troops.
It was the first experience of the actual centralization of the rear leadership. The territory on which the troops were placed, "in the rear of", "received the status of the Military District. His commander, in fact, was the head of the rear of the current army. According to the position of 1890, "On Field Office of the Troops", each operating army was supposed to be provided by "its military district", i.e. With his rear.
And yet the "rear" as a special term replenished the military lexion only in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. They began to distinguish the "common" and the "nearest" rear.
Initially, the rear formed in an operational-strategic link. The increased number of services, parts and rear institutions, which increased the volume of tasks for the movement of goods, personnel, wounded and patients led to a qualitative change in the control system.
The organization of the rear support of the troops began to engage in a new independent management body with his apparatus headed by the rear chief.
Contrary to the Regulations on the field administration of troops in wartime dated July 16, 1914, from the Office of the Chief Chief of the front, the head of the ENGA control and the head of the sanitary part of the front were brought directly by the commander-in-chief.
After the October Revolution of 1917, the rear bodies were repeatedly reorganized. However, in the charter of the rear of the Red Army, sections related to the military, army and front-line rear were also essential with the experience of World War II. The organization of the rear and the delivery was resting at the headquarters of the front, as part of which was supposed to have the department of military communications and the rear department. Supplied services submitted directly to the front command.
For centuries, parts, compounds and institutions of the rear have passed a difficult path of development. The rear reorganized reorganized, his status changed.
June 30, 1941 Lieutenant General A.V. Khrulev wrote in writing to the chief of the General Staff General of the Army G.K. Zhukov: "The organization of the organization of the rear services of the army is in an exceptionally difficult situation. Neither I, as the main intestant, nor the management of the rear and supply of the General Staff today, have no data on food and the intensified property of the fronts ... The provision is also not there, since the main intennant government has no data where and how much Tore. " Urgent radical measures were required.
The best minds of the intensity led by A.V. Hruvev, having studied and analyzing the experience of organizing the supply of the Russian army in the First World War, the Red Army during the Civil War and in subsequent hostilities, prepared proposals for the reorganization of the red army rear. They became the basis of the draft resolution of the State Defense Committee on His Organization. The project was reported by I.V. Stalin.
August 1, 1941 Supreme Commander I.V. Stalin signed an order of the People's Commissar of the Defense of the USSR No. 0257 "On the organization of the Main Directorate of the Red Army rear ...", which united the headquarters of the rear headquarters, the UDO, road management and inspection of the chief of the red army rear.
The position of the rear of the Red Army, in addition to the main management of the Red Army, in all respects, was also subordinated to the main intennant government, the management of flammable, sanitary and veterinary management. The position of the rear chief was also introduced in fronts and armies.
The chief of the rear of the Red Army was appointed Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Lieutenant General Intensdant Service A.V. Khrulev, Head of his headquarters - Major General of the Intensdant Service P.V. Utkin. The reduction in one beginning of the entire totality of the supplied, medical and transport structures made it possible to establish a complex process of the rear provision of the current army.
May 1942 became a new step in the development of the rear of the armed forces. Organizational and planned departments of fronts and armies were reorganized into the headquarters of the rear. The position of deputy commander on the rear was introduced in corps and divisions.
In the course of the Great Patriotic War, a well-organized and technically equipped rear of Sun, which successfully coped with a large amount of tasks on the rear association of troops (forces).
For the war rear Sun accepted from industry and secured storage and import of troops (forces) over 10 million tons of ammunition, 16 million tons. Fuel, near 40 million tons. Food and forage. Personal composition issued over 70 million sets of uniforms.
Military rail transportation exceeded 19 million cars transported by road 625 million tons., Air - about 140 million tons. material means. Road troops built and restored around 100 thousand km of roads, railway troops and specialization of the People's Commissariat of the Communications - about 120 thousand km of railway tracks. For the needs of aviation, it was equipped more 6 thousand airfields. Military medical service and medical institutions of the People's Commissariat of Health returned to operation after cure. Over 72 % wounded I. 91 % of patients.
The feats of the soldiers of the rear during the Great Patriotic War are highly appreciated by the homeland: 52 Of them awarded the title Hero Soviet Union and more 30 - Hero of Socialist Labor, many tens of thousands are awarded orders and medals; A large number of rear parts and institutions were awarded orders, awarded the title of Guards and received honorary names.
The end of the Great Patriotic War did not stop finding the optimal forms of the organization of the rear. In the late 40s - early 50s, the head of the rear of the armed forces has lost the status of the Deputy Minister of Defense. From his submission, the services of military communications and apartment operational were published. The rear headquarters was disbanded. At its base, the management of the rear service has emerged, which returned its staff quality only in 1953.
In 1956, the ministry of defense was transferred from the Ministry of Commerce the headset, which flows into the rear of the Sun as the main department of trade of MO.
In 1964, instruction is published on operational, and in a year - according to the military rear. The head of the rear is again becoming deputy commander (commander). The concept of rear extends to the regimental (brigadier) and battalion links. In the shelves (brigades) and battalions, the position of deputy commander of the regiment (brigades), battalion on the rear is introduced.
Due to a number of reasons, the military communications service and medical service are often reasons from the rear of the armed forces in 1992.
In order to recreate the previous rear structure in 1997, it was decided to return the military medical service and the energy service to the system of the Tar of the Armed Forces.
The structure of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation provides all necessary not only servicemen, but also combat technique; Make life support of military garrisons and conduct a number of other events in accordance with the tasks.
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"Given the importance of the rear of the army and the fleet, noting the combat merits before the fatherland of veterans and the personnel of the rear of the Armed Forces and in connection with his 300th anniversary," July 29, 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree "On the 300th anniversary of the Tar of Armed Forces "According to Decree August 1, 2000 It was installed and solemnly marked a memorable day - 300 -Relation of the rear of the armed forces.
More 300 From the day of the institution in Russia, structures responsible for centralized rear provision of troops passed since the institution. During this time, the supply authorities of the army and fleet, developing as far as the means and methods of armed struggle, have become a reliable structure in maintaining the combat readiness of the armed forces at the proper level.
The multifaceted page in the history of the rear of the Armed Forces is a worthy contribution of his specialists in the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. Under the leadership of the central rear bodies of the Red Army of the Red Army, the laborers of the Red Army, the laborers of the first days of war were able to fill the losses of the first days of war in a short time, to establish a clear system of comprehensive supply of troops and fleet forces, which contributed to the conduct of dozens of strategic and more than a thousand army operations.
For exemplary execution of command tasks, personal courage and initiative Many experts of the rear of the armed forces were awarded high state awards. More 100 Of these, a high rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the Hero of Socialist Labor are honored.
Today, the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is one of the most important constituent elements of the armed forces, which is assigned to the peaceful and wartime time of the daily life of the troops.
This is a food and discovery supply of servicemen, medical, trade and domestic, sanitary service of personnel and ensuring the troops of fuel and lubricant materials.
This is the satisfaction of the transport needs of troops, engineering and airfield and airfield-technical support of aviation, the execution of fire and environmental events and much more.
It includes the headquarters of the rear, 9 main and central administrations, 3 services, as well as controls, troops and organization of central subordination, rear structures of species and childbirth forces of the armed forces, military districts and fleets, associations, compounds and military units.
By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 1998, the rear day was established - August 1. The history of the rear is conducted from 1700, since Peter I, when regular army and fleet were created. At the same time, the central bodies of the intensity were formed, direct generics of modern rear organs. Among the first, Peter were created by the provisional order - for the deliveries of the army of bread, cereals, grainifuges, and a military order, which led the appropriation among other paramounts for the supply of troops by outfit. The first leaders of the rear of the Russian army are also known - Sergey Languages, State and Military Affairs, Andrei Abakumov, Intensdunt General, Stepan Apraksin, Field Marshal, and others. For centuries, parts, compounds and institutions of the rear have passed a difficult path of development.
The rear reorganized reorganized, his status changed. From different approaches to this issue, its power depended and meaning. There were times when entire services fell out of the rear from the rear, the gap between the functions of planning, entertainment and supply, which was extremely negatively affected by the overall situation, led to the forced destruction of the material resources previously created in warehouses and bases. Such a situation continued in Soviet times, until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, when the lack of a single leadership of the rear services led to their disunity, inconsistency of actions. And then, on the initiative of the leadership, Lieutenant General (later General Army) Andrei Vasilyevich Khrulev was created by the centralized rear system - on August 1, 1941, the main management of the Red Army rear with the establishment of the post of the rear, which Andrei Khrulev became the Order of the USSR. The main and central controls and services that have equipped features, rear parts and institutions have entered the rear: automobile, road, engineering and airfield, medical, veterinary, auxiliary fleet, bases and warehouses with reserves of material and technical means. It was a huge force, concentrated and organized by a single control center. So it was in the next time.
On July 29, 2000, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree "On the 300th anniversary of the Tar of the Armed Forces", in whose text the text of the army and the fleet, noting the combat merit to the fatherland of veterans and the personnel of the rear of the Armed Forces and in connection With his 300th anniversary, decree: to establish a memorable day - the 300th anniversary of the rear of the armed forces and celebrate it on August 1, 2000. " Ensuring the daily activities of the troops, the structure of the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation every day provide all necessary not only servicemen, but also a combat technique; Make life support of military garrisons and conduct a number of other events in accordance with the tasks.
Historical date: 08/01/1941