Swimming with infants according to the method of Firsov. Baby swimming

When and how to start classes with the baby?

You can begin to start swimming, when the umbilical wound will heal, is usually 2-3 weeks. At first, parents are engaged in a child in an ordinary home bath. When the bath becomes small for the baby, and it acquires the initial skills, you can go to the pool. As a rule, this happens in 2 months.

Nine months before birth, the child was floating in an oily fluid. And if you do not move it with anything, he will gladly perceive and water in the bath.

It is necessary to deal with the child when he has a good mood, he is full, does not want to sleep, he does not interfere with him. You must be fun to configure and welcoming. Swimming classes It is advisable to turn into a fascinating game that will enjoy you and your child. You need to be patient and not hurry. Gradually increase the load, gradually add new exercises. Remember that your main goal is not to achieve the result, but the pleasure and health of your baby. Children's swimming is a case, and all parents can learn. You must be calm, and your hands must confidently and reliably support the child. The child feels your mood. It is important not to cause his fear, overwork and distrust of water. Once the mistake of the mistake can for a long time to repeal the desire to learn how to swim.

A breast child does not know what fear is, he is not afraid of water. During his stay in the womb of his mother, he was constantly surrounded by the amusement waters, and if fear appears in the baby, the culprit is needed to look forward to among the parents.

How do parents find confidence? If you want to teach a child in swimming, then during pregnancy, it is also advisable to do in water. Parents who love water and able to swim, more confidence in the expediency of classes with the baby. Carefully read the methodical manual. We will assign how you will perform support in water. Pick up the appropriate time, and you can start. Swimming classes are held in a large bath. Because in a small bath, the child will also be uncomfortable to swim as you in the usual. What should be the water temperature in the bath? According to the method of Z.P. Firsov, the temperature at first occupations can be 37 degrees, on the fifth lesson -36.5, on the ninth - 36, on the fourteenth - 35.5, on the twentieth - 35, 34 degrees. Next, the water temperature is reduced to the temperature of the ordinary pool - 28 degrees. We usually begin with a lower temperature. Temperature you must pick up for a child individually. He should be warm and comfortable in the water, but at the same time water should not be too warm to encourage the child to make active swimming movements.

As a rule, the water temperature for the child is only born and weighing up to 4 kg should be about 35.5 – 36 degrees, and for the baby plump, with folds should be 34-35. IN In any case, you pick the temperature for your child focusing on how he behaves in the bath.

During the first sessions, you and your baby will feel confident if you dreamed in the bath together. In subsequent classes, this is not necessary. You will stand in front of the bathroom and bathe the child. In the bath, ordinary clean water is gaining. You need to do with the child daily. The first classes are lasting 5-10 minutes, then 20 minutes. Since you will go to the pool you can engage in 40 minutes.

Methodology Z.P. Firsova Designed for classes within 9-12 months. The ultimate goal is to teach a child to a one-year-old age, firstly, to self to hold onto the surface of the water during 20-30 Minutes, secondly, dive to a small depth, before putting from the bottom of the toy and swim under water for 7-8 seconds. Thirdly, being in light clothes - a summer suit, shoes, socks, a hat - jump from the side of the pool in clothes into the water and in this dress to hold out on the surface of the water 2-3 minutes. The latter seems to me particularly relevant in the light of the statistics of tragic cases that occurred in the last year with children. It turns out that there is a large number of children annually from drowning, and the most strange thing is that in 78% of cases, children are dying in ordinary puddles, that is, falling and from ineulsion to delay their breath so far is scary. Having tracing the child to swim off from his breastside, you will forever save yourself from this tragedy.

Initially, we studied the technique of Firsov, then - the experience of its foreign colleagues and over time our own experience came. The technique that you will now read it is based on our learning experience in swimming newborns. It is somewhat different from the basic techniques and is one of the modifications of mild swimming techniques and it seems to us the most optimal.

Immerse the child It is necessary to slowly, gradually, after checking the temperature of the water so that it does not seem too cold or too hot.

Immersion starts with legs in a vertical position ..

At the same time you can safely explain to the child that he will be in the water, that now he will swim. Then, when he becomes accustomed to what he dropped into the water. You calmly translate it into a horizontal position and at the same time support the bottom. Supports at the first time should be stronger so that the child felt reliably late support for a smaller body area. If you are in the bath along with the child (as a rule, there is a dad at first, because mom, while there are Lochi - it is not recommended to take a bath), a child can be kept on bent lap, you can put your hands completely under his back, and cover your palms Head and swing a child in such a position. You can put it on your belly and on the chest so that the child's head was over the water.

When you start classes, being in front of the bathroom, then the most convenient support is this: the left hand is under the back of the child, and you wrap the hips with the right hand or, from the outside, or between the legs, or on your part, as you please.

Try to stay in the most horizontal position on the back in the back of the water in the most horizontal position in relation to the water, which contributes to rapid training to independent swimming. Do not worry about getting water in the ears. The child and inside the womb was constantly in the amniotic fluid, and she fell into the ears. If you start classes up to 3 months you can not be afraid of the harmful effects of water on the ears of the child. For all the time of classes, we did not have a single case of inflammation of the ears in children.

Initially, you make small wiring on the back along the bath forward and backward, and then, it is desirable to master the eight, the movement at the maximum bath length. You support the child, as in the previous exercise, and during turns, cross your hands. You can change speed. In general, there are children who like a slow, calm movement, and there are children who like when an adult sets out quite more speed. Such wiring on the back is the main exercise that prepares for the child's independent swimming on the back.

Next exercise - repulsion from the wall of the bath. It is performed as follows. You hold the baby under the back of the back, bring the baby with legs to the side wall of the bath, install two legs in the feet right on the wall of the bath and, slightly make the baby to the side. He is repelled by his legs. And how much he pushed himself, so you take it back. So that the child felt a direct dependence: how much will it hurt, as far as he sails away. Some children are easily and immediately perform this exercise, others are not very willing. But, as a rule, over time, this exercise like the child likes and he rejoices, sailing far back.

The next wiring is made in the pose on the stomach. The child lies on his stomach, the head is over the water. With my left hand, you wrap the area of \u200b\u200bthe nape, four fingers of the right hand support under the chin, and with a thumb covering the mouth of the child. First, this reception insures from water in the mouth, and secondly, the baby will be calmer than swim, sucking your finger. Here in this position you spend ahead and back with a small speed, and then go to the movement of eights, the same as when swimming on the back.

There are children who are willing to swim on his back and on the stomach, there are children who prefer swimming on the back either on the stomach. Classes are better to start with that posture that is more pleasant to the child. Then with games, additives gradually move to the pose that is less like. If some exercise does not like, it is better to go to a different exercise, but do not remove the child from the water and not press to yourself, because it can lead at all to the reluctance then do anything in the water. Therefore, if you do not like to swim on your stomach - it means we float on the back, if you do not like the back. Then the bait. If they are tired and because of the other, it is praying to take a pose to relax.

Pose for rest, vertical. You support the baby under the breast so that it is both "the handles were thrown through your right hand. At the same time, you can support the head and back, or water them with a driver. The child is usually calming in such a pose. There are children who are more acceptable Recreation is not horizontal, but picking up on the side. After a few classes you will understand the features of the child, adapt to them, and both will be much easier.

Do not try to take a child by force. The main thing in the first two months, as long as you will swim in the bath, so that the child is accustomed to the water and felt confidence in her. At first, his pose will be more intense, and the farther, the more relaxed. In addition to these major wiring, you can perform a kidding of a child so that it felt better than water. While the child is calm, he likes the occupation and is actively involved in swimming - continue the lesson. When you see signs of fatigue - the child begins to hurt, capricious, bent, or he has a pigeon's nasolabile triangle - the occupation should be gradually ends. After your child learn how to properly perform wiring on the back and stomach, swimming classes will lengthen, will bring him pleasure and you will see that he trusts the water, you can start diving.

The diving is the necessary part of the child's teaching with independent swimming and the main thing that will save you subsequently from the danger of the child's drowning.

You will be calm on the beach that your child can play in the water, nothing terrible will not happen to him. How to start learning a child to dive? You should do it gradually. First, when the child floats on the back or on the stomach. You give a loud clear team: "Attention, dive" or "times, two, three, dive!" And at the same time intensively blow a child in the face. It will shrink, closes the eyes and delay her breathing. So you need to repeat a few days. When you master this exercise, you can go to the next.

For the team: "Attention, dive" you splash the child in the face. It is desirable that the water does not fall up to the nose. You will notice that the child also holds his breath. Then you can in the back position performed the next exercise. On "Attention, dive", you lower the child a little deeper into the water so that only the nose and mouth, and the lobik cheeks and eyes remain on the surface, and the cheeks of Lobik and eyes are immersed under water. Well, finally, if you have mastered all these exercises, you can proceed to the present diving.

The first nice is better to perform when the child is very well configured, relaxed, for some time I already floated. Perform it better from the position on the stomach. You give the team and immerse the child for a second shallow under water and output it to the surface.

At the same time, under the water you do not let him go. When a child appears above the water, he will have a misunderstanding and expectant reaction: "What was it?" You must praise, say what happened to the child everything is very and very cool that he wonderedly dived. Then he will not pay and wants to dive the next time and again please you. At first, diving must be performed 2-3 times for the lesson. After you have a short diving over time, you can switch to longer.

Near one edge of the bath you are angry the child, spend the entire length of the bath and emerge from the other edge. Over time, the yoke can be lengthened to 5-6 seconds under water and to release a child for a short time under water, then pick up and remove to the surface of the water. More than 5 diving, in principle, it is not recommended at the initial stages, but you can regulate them in the reactions of the child. The main tasks facing you in teaching the child swimming in the bath is friendship and confidence in the water and the ability to dive, not swallowing a large amount of water. By this time, your baby will be 2-3 months old, and you can go to a large swimming pool.

There are a number of advantages in the pool: first, the water level above and the water is better holding a child, secondly, there will also be moms with kids, and the children will admire the children with an amazing way what other children have already learned and they are also better than learning to swim. Thirdly, it will be more convenient for you to maintain a child when you are with him in the pool, and not tilted above the bathroom.

In any case, we recommend using from 2-3 months of age also auxiliary devices. This is a set of "Mermaid". The main component is the "Crown of Mermaid". It puts on a child approximately 2 months of age so that he has lying on the surface of the water.

From birth, the child has a stepper reflex. Sometimes this reflex is not very clearly expressed. On land, the child is quite difficult to walk. But if you put a rubber mat on the bottom of the bath, you're not much like a lot of water, as for swimming, and so that she reached the baby to the chest or slightly above, take it under the mouse and slightly tilt the torso ahead, it will pursue very cheerfully on the bottom Baths.

Children are trained in the bath in the bath is much better than on land.

You are only insure, see and do not need all the time in a tilted position, supporting the child. Over time, he will learn himself, without any help and without a "mermaid" lying on the water. At first, you support the child strong enough, then you support the child much weaker, only with the tips of your fingers, then the child supports the "Mermaid", from which you gradually take out the cubes through one. Then, during the postings you will release hands for a short time and again

When you go to the pool, the basic exercises and wiring will remain the same, but the depth of water and the pool space will help you in every way to diversify these exercises.

he learned to dive pushing from one adult to another. It will float meter-one and a half, and then another adult will adopt it, wait until the breath is normalized, and in the same way will send to the first one. For sailing on the stomach, you can use the "Mermaid Necklace", it will keep the head, and you will not need to do it with your hand. There is another way of a more relaxing transition from support to independent swimming - these are "Mermaid pendants." They support the child slightly to help him properly balance on the surface of the water.

You can use the circle with a small diameter and to teach the child at the same time work with handles and legs. An older child can be placed on the side of the pool. You are in the pool, call a child to yourself, and he will dive towards you. As a rule, children really like this exercise. To diversify classes, you can use various inflatable and floating toys, as well as toys that can dive on the bottom. At first, you can dive in one toy, then you can throw a few rings or items that the child can simultaneously capture and snap to the surface. The child also really likes such exercises.

Any way of swimming is based on the ability to exhale air after a deep breath. You need to teach this child. You can do this exercise. A child is lying on a chest in a horizontal position supported by pendants or belt. You lean to his face and gently sentence:

"Look like a mom or dad doing. I blow on the water like this. " At the same time, you dial the full air breast and slowly exhale it on the surface of the water. The child sees how the circles are formed on the water. He likes it and he tries to reproduce this action. You can blow on a light boat or any toy so that it moves along the water, and encourage the child. Through several classes, demonstrate the child the exhalation into the water, immersing the mouth and nose in it. Bubbles attract the attention of the baby on the surface of the water, and he wants to do the same.

In the home bath you can bathe a baby naked, and the pool is better to wear panties or smelting, because sometimes during swimming or diving it can shock. And in order not to dive water in the pool, it is desirable that something wearing something on the child. Systemativity and regularity is very important in swimming classes.

As a rule, those parents who are calm, but are constantly engaged in children achieve good results. At first in the bath every day or at least 5 times a week, then when you go to the pool - 2-3 times a week. With this mode, the child does not lose their acquired skills. Swimming gives him great pleasure.

Thanks to the swimming lessons, your baby learns a lot. He will learn to stick on the back, swim on the tummy, and most importantly, he will learn to dive, and this reflex will fix it forever. But the most basic thing is you can give the child a unique joy.

When and how to start classes with the baby?

Nine months before birth, the child was floating in an oily fluid. And if you do not move it with anything, he will gladly perceive and water in the bath.

How do parents find confidence? If you want to teach a child in swimming, then during pregnancy, it is also advisable to do in water. Parents who love water and able to swim, more confidence in the expediency of classes with the baby. Carefully read the methodical manual. We will assign how you will perform support in water. Pick up the appropriate time, and you can start. Swimming classes are held in a large bath. Because in a small bath, the child will also be uncomfortable to swim as you in the usual. What should be the water temperature in the bath? According to the method of Z.P. Firsov, the temperature at first occupations can be 37 degrees, on the fifth lesson -36.5, on the ninth - 36, in fourteenth - 35.5, at the twentieth - 35, at the twenty-fourth - 34 degrees. Next, the water temperature is reduced to the temperature of the ordinary pool - 28 degrees. We usually begin with a lower temperature. Temperature you must pick up for a child individually. He should be warm and comfortable in the water, but at the same time water should not be too warm to encourage the child to make active swimming movements.

Methodology Z.P. Firsova Designed for classes within 9-12 months. The ultimate goal is to teach a child to a one-year-old age, firstly, to self to hold onto the surface of the water during 20-30 Minutes, secondly, dive to a small depth, before putting from the bottom of the toy and swim under water for 7-8 seconds. Thirdly, being in light clothes - a summer suit, shoes, socks, a hat - jump from the side of the pool in clothes into the water and in this dress to hold out on the surface of the water 2-3 minutes. The latter seems to me particularly relevant in the light of the statistics of tragic cases that occurred in the last year with children. It turns out that there is a large number of children annually from drowning, and the most strange thing is that in 78% of cases, children are dying in ordinary puddles, that is, falling and from ineulsion to delay their breath so far is scary. From his chest, you will keep yourself from this tragedy forever.

Immerse the child It is necessary to slowly, gradually, after checking the temperature of the water so that it does not seem too cold or too hot.

Immersion starts with legs in a vertical position ..

The diving is the necessary part of the child's teaching with independent swimming and the main thing that will save you subsequently from the danger of the child's drowning.

Children are trained in the bath in the bath is much better than on land.

When you go to the pool, the basic exercises and wiring will remain the same, but the depth of water and the pool space will help you in every way to diversify these exercises.

Breastfeeding is based on innate ability to float, due to their intrauterine development in a liquid medium. The kids are born with swimming reflexes, which are faded to 3-4 months, if they are not fixed.

If the newborn start learning to swim, it is quickly mastered in the aquatic environment. Swimming Reflexes, including the ability to detain breathing when diving, in newborns are so developed that in a few months the baby becomes the ability to self-keep on the surface of the water, swim, dive, can move for a few seconds under water.

Congenital respiratory delay reflex during immersion in water is used in teaching breasts and diving.

Swimming skills acquired at the breastside remain for life, if you continue the classes during the first three years of the child's life. Termination of training for 1-4 months leads to loss of swimming skills.

Early swimming contributes to a more rapid physical and neuropsychiatric development, a decrease in the inherent in the first months of the life of the hypertonus of bending muscles, which ensures the accelerated formation of their motor skills. Swimming is a hardware procedure. By regulating the temperature mode of water, swimming facilities contribute to the development of adaptation of infants to various kinds of ambient temperature changes, and this, in turn, is the prevention of colds and infectious diseases. Swimming stimulates appetite, activates the metabolism, improves digestion.

In addition, swimming delivers baby with nothing with any comparable pleasure, contributes to the emergence of positive emotions and joyful mood, develops a feeling of equilibrium, improves the function of breathing and nutrition of the brain.

For the first time, training newborn swimming for the order of hardening was applied in Australia in 1966. Later it became used in England, Germany, USA, Japan.

In Russia, training in breastfeeding began since 1977, when the first center of teaching kids swimming was created. The founder of introducing teaching training of infants is a consultant doctor and Methodist V. A. Guterman. In 1978, they were published by the developed first guidelines "Swimming of infants". In the same year, a brochure was issued to "swim earlier than walking", written by Chairman of the All-Union Swimming Federation, President of the Medical Committee of the International Swimming Federation, a doctor 3. P. Firsov.

In 1979, the International Medical Committee of the World Amateur Federation of Sailing developed "Instructions for training in breast-friendly swimming in domestic baths and special children's pools."

Currently there are many different techniques. And they all are good in their own way, because the main task is achieved - to teach the baby to swimming. However, the time test passed the very first kids training program developed by V. A. Guterman. For no one dozen years old, it is used for training classes in both children's clinics and at home with the participation of an instructor.

Before starting classes, the baby must inspect the pediatrician, a neuropathologist, orthopedist.

If there are no contraindications, you can start training swimming.

General rules

For swimming, you can use not only a bathroom, but also an inflatable children's pool. Next to the bathroom should be a table for swelping, pre-prepared diapers, sheets, towel, napkins, baby soap, thermometer for measuring water temperature, clock, bright toys (floating and sinking), toy-shrink. Well, if swimming classes will be accompanied by musical accompaniment.

Before filling the bath with water, it is necessary to wash it well by children's or economic soap. The use of cleaning agents or washing powders is unacceptable, as it can cause the skin irritation of the baby and allergies. In the first weeks you can use boiled water. You can add a small amount of chamomile beam in the bath.

Swimming classes are particularly shown to children with rickets, hyper and hypotoneous muscles, anemia, hypotrophy or overweight.

Contraindications to swimming classes are:

Severe congenital heart defects

Acute diseases: Pneumonia, ORVI and other viral infections,

Dislocation and subluxances of hip joints,

Strepto and staphylococcalmia,

Allergic manifestations on the skin,

Intestinal disorder

Convulsive syndrome

Congenital anomalies, excluding the possibility of swimming.

An instructor, tutoring a baby swimming, must have medical education and advanced training for infant swimming.

If you are engaged together with the baby in the children's pool, an inspection of a gynecologist, a dermatologist, passing certain analyzes. Before each occupation you need to wash under the shower with soap.

The occupation should be discontinued if:

Baby screams and troubled

The baby became sluggish, movement - slowed down,

The baby was drowned ("goose leather", fine trembling).

Never leave the baby one in the bathroom during class.

Cake a kid 1.5-2 hours before the classes and not earlier than 15-20 minutes after its end.

The depth of water at first occupations should not exceed 40 cm, subsequently about a month after the start of the bathing, you can fill in full, previously consulted with your instructor.

We give the methods of founders of teaching infants to swimming V. A. Guterman (1978) and 3. P. Firsov (1978).

Methodology for training swimming V. A. Guterman

The process of teaching breasts in V. A. Guterman is divided into 4 stages: preparatory, swimming, independent swimming, fluid improvement. With this technique, the following types of babies support are used:

Support with two hands when swimming on the back: four fingers under the back, neck and head, thumbs are on the chest.

Support for the "bucket" - the palm of the instructor covers the neck of the baby, and the fingers of the other hand support the chin.

Support "semiring": Big and index fingers covered the neck, and the forearm of the adult is from the side of the child's nape and a little on the side. When the baby learns to row properly, support is carried out by three, then two and finally, with one finger - support the head.

When swimming on the chest, two hands maintain the head for the cheeks and slightly chin. Support for one hand is carried out by the "bucket" or the back of the thumb maintains the chin, the other four fingers are substituted under the chest, two fingers of the second hand are slightly fixing the head. In this position, the mouth of the child is closed, and the water does not fall into it.

Autonomous support. Foam floats can serve as autonomous support, foam floats inserted into the pockets of the navigation and the baby's ears. This type of autonomous support is used when swimming the baby on the back later 3 months of his life after mastering the exercises using manual support. When swimming a child on the chest, you can use inflatable rings and other inflatable rubber toys as autonomous support.

Preparatory stage

Classes begin after healing of umbilical wounds (5-7th day of life) and continue until 3 months of age. The technique them is based on generally accepted receptions of bathing newborns. During the wake of kids, they are involved in everyday water procedures in full baths. At first, the water temperature is 37.5 ° C, the duration of staying in water is 10-15 minutes. At this stage, it is important that the classes cause positive emotions from the baby.

Preparation outside the water. Starting from a two-month age, a complex of preparatory activities include massage, general and swimming gymnastics. Special gymnastics (navigation imitation) is first carried out outside the bath, and then in water.

The following congenital swimming reflexes are fixed:

Reflex Moro - a symmetrical clamping movement with hands when pattering on the buttocks (4-5 times at the first lesson and 8-9 times at the end of the stage);

Reflex Robinson (tonic) - the durable holding of any subject in hand (1-2 times at the first lesson and 4-5 times at the end of the stage);

The reflex of the talent is the arcuate bending of the body when skin strokes between the spine and the blade (1-2 times at the beginning and 3-4 times at the end of the stage);

Reflex Boweer is a phenomenon of crawling, or breast breast phenomenon, in the child's position on the chest - repulsion to the legs from the palms of the hands of adults (4-6 times at the beginning and 8-10 times at the end of the stage).

Exercises are also held: rowing with a hand from the head to the thigh over the side and back (4-6 times at the beginning and 8-10 times at the end of the stage) on the back and chest, as well as symmetric beans due to heads to the thighs (4-6 times At the beginning and 8-10 times at the end of the stage).

Swimming in full bath. Support with two hands when the child's position on the back and 8-10 times the wiring along the bath (wiring "shuttle"). Support with one hand "semiring" when the toddler position on the back (ears in water). Support for the two knuckles under the chin (baby on the chest) and wiring, support with one hand "bucket", as well as such at which the thumb rests in the chin of the child, and the rest are on the chest, and the wiring on the length of the bath turns ( 25-30 times). Stimulating the repulsion of legs from the palm and the side (10-14 times at the beginning and 20-30 times at the end of the stage).

Preparation for diving. Delight of the baby's mouth for 3-4 seconds - training of breathing delay through the nose.

Education swimming

The second stage is designed for children from three to six months, the preparatory stage and adapted to full baths (water temperature 35 ° C). It is further fixed by swimming reflexes with the word. Classes are conducted in the form of a game against the background of positive emotions. The child floats with autonomous support and maximum weakening it on the back and on the chest.

Duration of swimming 30-40 minutes.

Preparation outside the water. The duration of massage, general and special gymnastics is increased by 3-4 minutes. The development and complication of congenital reflexes continues consistently:

· Reflex Bauer - the work of the feet of Brass when moving towards the toy (4-6 times);

· Talent reflex - performing the movements of the swimmer on the palms of adult (3-4 times);

· Robinson reflex - tightening weight (3-5 times);

· Reflex Moro - clamping movement with hands (10-15 times).

Exercises are accompanied by the words: "Push", "Greyi", "Keep", "Pulling".

Swimming in full bath. The baby swimming on the back and on the chest with the support of one and two hands, as well as autonomous support, as weakened as much as possible, "slipping" - the lowering of the hands for 1-2 seconds (performed when the child's ability to delay breathing). Independent immersion of a seated child behind toys. Specific movements are accompanied by the words: "Swim", "Greyi", "Push". The child stands and walks in water with support for hands.

Self swimming

This stage is designed for children aged from 6 months to 9 months, trained in the second stage of swimming with support. Kids are independently immersed under water dive.

The temperature of water is 33.5-34 ° C, the duration of classes is up to 40 minutes.

Preparation outside the water. The duration of massage, general and special gymnastics increases for 2-3 minutes. Crawling in a manneva. Performing swimmer movements: Hands pressed against the thighs, stretched out to the sides, forward, pulling the baby behind the fingers to the hand of the instructor from the position on the back and on the chest.

Swimming in full bath. Swimming on the back and on the chest behind the toy - bait with support and without it, swimming with autonomous support. Independent immersion under water (diving) for a toy.

Fashionable swimming

At the last stage of training, children aged 9 to 12 months can be saved along the bath and a small children's pool, visit the water treatment room 3 times a week, love to dive for toys.

The total time of classes is 60-70 minutes, the water temperature is 33 ° C.

Preparation outside the water. The duration of massage and gymnastics reaches 10-15 minutes and more. Games outside the water (lying, sitting, standing) with the ball and toys. Execution by team of special exercises in the back position and on the chest. Development of movements of hands and feet characteristic of dolphin and breed styles using an instructor.

Exercises are accompanied by a speech with the use of special terms both outside water and in water.

Swimming in full bath. At the beginning of the class - games in water with toning, floating and suspended lint toys. Self swimming kid along the bath (2-3 times without stopping) and children's pool, swimming with toys, toys. Slide with elongated hands, with knitted back and chest hands. Swimming by brewing and crawl with an instructor and independently. Diving for toys, jumping in water, games.

Methodology for swimming 3. P. Firsova

According to this technique, training is divided into 5 periods, or 5 grades of swimming school. Depending on the success of the kid for each period, 4 to 8 weeks are given. Moreover, the transition to the next class is allowed only if the child coped well with the tasks of the previous one. All exercises are performed using instructors or parents.

Before each occupation, massage and gymnastics are carried out in water for 10 to 20 minutes.

(child's age from 3-4 to 9-10 weeks)

The main task of this stage is to harde the child, gradually developing the ability of his ability without prejudice to health is naked in water, heated first to the body temperature (about 37 ° C), by the end of the class - up to 34 ° C. Duration 25-30 lessons.

At the first swimming lessons, the baby supports the instructor in the water sitting in the bath. Parents, if they are engaged in the child themselves, it is necessary to master 6 ways to support the child. With 5 of them, the parent sits in a filled bath, under the sixth way it stands next to the bathroom. In addition, the parent must master first on the doll (outside the water) swimming exercises in the form of shaking, wiring and immersion and only after that begin classes with a child (in water).

(child's age - 2.5-4 months)

The child teach to swim on his back. Continue to increase the duration of each lesson (up to 30-40 minutes) and reduce the temperature (up to 33 ° C). By the end of this class, children should acquire the ability to hold onto the water for 5 minutes. Only after that you can move to the following grade.

(child's age - 5-6 months)

The peculiarity of this class is the development of diving. Improved swimming skills on the back, the degree of tempereness increases. The tasks of the third grade can be considered executed if the child can dive several times to the depth of the bath, get a toy from the bottom and sprinkled onto the surface.

(child's age - 6-8 months)

The main goal is to teach swimming on the chest. In this class, the special temperature preparation of the child's body is completed and the fastening of swimming skills on the back and diving continues. By the end of this class, the child must sing independently in the clock position at least a minute.

(child's age - 9-12 months)

Education swimming in easy clothing. During this period, the training of swimming breasts and back continues. Having learned to swim on their own and dive, the child quickly masters swimming in clothes and shoes. Even if in life it will not need it, he will be ready for an unforeseen occasion.

In conclusion, I would like to once again note that learning to each stage of swimming classes with the baby must begin with an experienced instructor, and then conduct them independently. Only then classes will be as efficient and effective as possible.

Every parent wants the kid to grow healthy and comprehensively developed. Today there is a lot of developing techniques for infants, allowing to embody the desire to life. Including infant swimming. Is this such a useful occupation or just tribute to fashion when you can start swimming, at home or in the pool - many questions. It is time to find answers to them and provide newly-made mothers and dads with all the necessary information, because any error can harm your favorite croche.

What is babies swimming

As you know, in medicine, the attitude towards various kinds of developing classes is rather ambiguous. That is a swimming no exception. On the territory of the USSR, this technique was learned thanks to Igor Charkovsky - instructor rescuer, who in the 60s made a special reservoir for water classes with his premature daughter. By 3 months, the baby did not just strengthen health, but also significantly overtaken in the development of his peers. Charkovsky began to advise the maternity hospitals for the introduction of infant navigation into practice. However, after a couple of years, the technique was recognized as dangerous and was banned. And only at the end of the 70s, the baby swimming was again spoken, largely due to the book about swimming newborns, issued by the chairman of the Swimming Federation by Zharia Pavlovich Firsov.

From what age start to engage

Having survived the excitement of the first bathing, you probably noticed that your baby is pleasure to be splashing in the bath. And more bold parents are also the fact that if the crumb is lowering with the head under the water, he will delay her breathing and will feel quite comfortable. An explanation of this is a congenital reflex, thanks to which the baby remembers the time spent in the mother's belly, swimming in the liquid. However, by 3-4 months, the reaction of finding in the water will begin to go to no, so Karapuza to teach to swimming will be much more complicated. Conclusion: It is necessary to start swimming in swimming with infants in 3-4 weeks.This is due to

the wound will be lost on the navel;
butus will begin to add in weight, adapting to the still unusual environment for itself;
congenital reflexes are not yet faded.

Principles of infant navigation

The success of classes depends on how correctly preparatory work will be carried out. If you draw up a list of swimming principles with kids, then, besides the already mentioned, start from 3-4 weeks, 4 items can be distinguished.

Methods of learning for newborns and infants

Swimming classes with infants should be systemic, that is, not only regular, but also corresponding to one or another proven methods. At the moment there are 3 popular work systems, each of which is not tested by one generation of infants.

Methods of Firsov

The purpose of the work on this system is that by the year Karapuz should:

stay on water 20-30 minutes;
shallowly dive (for a toy or just like that);
to be able to jump from a low bridge into the water, not a panic.

Work on achieving the goal is gradually. It begins with an explanation of the crumb that he will swim, then the baby is lowered into the water, and after the end of the adaptation period of the child, supporting the tummy or the back, put on the water.

Charkovsky technique - very controversial, be careful!

It is worth noting that this system of classes was designed for premature babies, so it may not fit the children born on time. The principle of Charkovsky in surprise and sharpness: the baby quickly immerses under the water with his head, then get it and without delay immediately immerse them again. One lesson takes at least 30-40 minutes. For a short moment of emerging, the crumb has time to pollute air, but at that time, until oxygen in the body, the brain is powered in more intensive mode due to the reaction of the body for danger. Such stresses help intensively develop physically and mentally.

The technique is widely criticized among specialists for its danger to the brain - as a result of a long diving, hypoxia develops in the kid. Independently implementing the technique of Charkovsky difficult and even dangerous for the life of a child.

Methods of Vladimir Guterman - the most requested today

In the 60-70 years, the author worked in the largest outdoor pool in Europe "Moscow", where he conducted observations of children engaged in therapeutic and sports swimming. In the future, this experience was systematized in its own methodology. It consists of 4 stages:

up to 3 months of age (massage, gymnastics, imitating swimming, actually occupation in water);
from 3 to 6 months (the baby is explained as swimming, the elements of exercises are shown, support), so to speak, a conversational stage;
from 6 to 9 months (children float independently dive);
from 9 months, small swimmers themselves swim, dive behind toys.

Pluses of this activity for infant

Having thought about swimming with a baby, parents must clearly understand: their goal is not to upbringing the Olympic reserve, but strengthening the health of the Karapus. Swimming allows you to achieve in this very high results, namely:

hears the child to the water temperature drops, which helps to strengthen the immunity, and therefore reduces the risk of catching cold;
helps to take form a muscular corset and determines the correctness of posture in the future;
significantly faster (in comparison with massage and stroking) improves the motor system, that is, strengthens / relaxes the muscles of the hands, legs, backs, neck, and this, in turn, will allow the baby faster to sit down, start crawling and walking;
to absorb more oxygen absorption, the organism allocates erythrocytes that increase blood hemoglobin;
normalizes blood pressure;
sneakers are cleaned, harmful bacteria and allergens are washed out, which reduces the risk of a cold;
sootingly acts on the baby, it falls asleep faster and stronger, without creating additional anxiety to mommy, associated with frequent awakening at night;
being in the water, the child learns to express himself with gestures, movements, that is, the mother begins to better understand his crumb;
teaches the baby without fear treating reservoirs.

The main principle of swimming with the kid - the process must be enjoyed

Arguments Against: Possible Harm

Any medal has a reverse side, and swimming is not an exception.

Please note that the arguments concern cases when classes are conducted in all the rules. And it is impossible to transfer harm from swimming with a violation of adopted norms. This also includes children's mortality due to careless handling of the baby in the water.

When you need to swim

Unfortunately, a lot of karapusov is born with deviations in health. But some of these violations are successfully adjusted by swimming:

muscle hypertonus (excessive muscle tension);
muscle hypotonus (weakness of a muscular corset);
low weight (less than 2.5 kg);
dysplasia, arthrosis of the joints;
congenital defects in muscle tissue;
torticollis;

Swimming greatly helps with hip dysplasia

Contraindications

It is very important to pay attention to both situations when swimming classes can aggravate and no serious health problems:

disorders in the work of the musculoskeletal system when the fixation of the handles and legs is necessary;
congenital heart defects;
purulent dermatitis;
facial seizures due to neurological disorders.

We do at home

The kids react very sensitive to the mood of adults, so proceed to classes in the good location of the Spirit. And more: you should be comfortable.

Preparation

Do not hope for a long time, bending over the bathroom - put a chair. Prepare a clean pelleton or a soft towel to wipe the little swimmer after classes.

It is interesting. In the absence of drafts, pediatricians advise a little baby's skin and carry it to the naked room - this is one of the elements of hardening.

So that young parents are not nervous, you can use an inflatable rescue circle or a special hatch with a foam gasket. All actions with the baby in the water must be accompanied by a calm and confident voice.

Communication with water you need to start with the immersion of the handle, and then the steps of the karapuse. And do not forget all actions accompany your comments.

Support for the baby can be carried out in two versions: under the back (the baby lies on the back, and the adult picks up his head under the back of the back) and under the chin (the crumb is lying on the water on the tummy, chin on the palm of the adult).

Maintain your abdomen and under the chin, and for the head

Exercises

In fact, swimming at home can be as exciting as in the pool. You only need to pick up suitable exercises. It is important that they are approved by the Pediatrician.

All exercises for swimming must be approved by a pediatrician, and ideally also a surgeon and a neurologist.

"Turns and shocks"

Instruction:

Karapuz's legs approach the walls of the bath.
After the baby feels a support under the legs, it will push off and then turn the back of the stomach.

The parent's help in this exercise comes down to a minimum: to support the crumb in the process of push and the coup.

"PLECKING"

Exercise is performed lying on the water on the tummy. Having supported the baby for the chin, you need to show it, what fun circles on the water are formed from splashes.

"Catching boats"

Children love to catch up toys in water

Instruction:

We put the baby on the stomach, support the chin.
In front of the karapuz put a toy.
We try to get it, saying: "Look, our boat floats, let's catch up!" Over time, you can add speed and increase the distance to the target.

"Eight"

This exercise can be started when the kid will die in a straight line.

Instruction:

We lay out the child on the back or tummy, supporting the appropriate way.
Finding suitable speed, imitate the figure figures 8.

"Ride a swing"

Instruction:

We lay out the child on the stomach, supporting the chin.
Watch that the head remains above the water, and simulate swimming forward-back, up-down. To do this, immerse and raise the baby smooth movements.

"Dive!"

Exercises cause fear among some parents, but children, as a rule, are not afraid of him, moreover, some are even looking forward to.

Instruction:

We start from the theoretical stage. For 10 days, we regularly pronounce the word "dive!" And blow in the face of the baby. Crouch instinctively closes the eyes and delay her breathing.
Add some water: after pronouncing the phrase splashes the cappuz in the face of the driver.
We pronounce a key phrase and give the baby for 1-2 seconds with your head. We gradually increase the time of stay underwater to 5-6 seconds.

It is interesting. Diving is starting only after the baby has already bought a little.

How to teach the kid to swim home in the bath - video

Swimming in the pool

Depending on its preference, parents choose classes in the group's pool or individual.

Preparation

It is very important that the baby was correctly assembled into the pool. Have to take:

swimming panties (for quite small it can be a special diaper for swimming);
tOOL TOOT AND BIG;
the cap that you put on immediately after the classes, so as not to get up ears;
means for bathing children to wash off the water of the pool after classes;
circle for swimming (just in case for your own soothing);
toys for the kid, which he loves, allowed in the pool.

Swimming Fixtures - Photo Gallery

All you need to know about the study in the pool

If a child got used to the coach, he reacts well to him, then mom and may not go into water at all, but to watch the process of the side.

The first classes are better to carry out the instructor

In the middle, the occupation in the pool lasts about 90 minutes. Of these, 20-25 go to the pre-warming kid massage. True, the first lesson lasts only 10 minutes, the time is added every subsequent training, and for the month you will come to the middle timekeeping.

Exercises for classes in the pool are identical to those used during training in the bathroom.

It is interesting. Swimming can be combined with hardening. To do this, some parents pour the carapaus cold water after classes, but few of the wards this procedure brings pleasure. Therefore, doctors recommend simply to give the calf to dry, without wiping it, it is also an effective technique technique.

Complex of exercises with an infant child in the pool - video

Advantages of swimming lessons at home and in the pool - Table

	In the bathroom	In the pool
Comfort for baby	The newborn baby is only getting used to a new environment, so it is recommended to engage in children to the month in a special children's bath with mom nearby. So the child will feel the presence of mom near, and a small space will not cause fear.	Very often, newborn children are afraid of big water, outsiders, noise. After all, not only they are engaged in the pool, but also other children. That is why it is recommended to bring in the pool of children aged two or three months.
Classes with trainer	Early swimming exercises doctors recommend only in the presence of a specialist. When mom is a little comfortable, you can do it yourself. But often the coach is often problematic and expensive.	In the pool you can choose an individual schedule, choose your favorite instructor and be completely sure that the classes will pass correctly and with benefit.
Safety	Very often, moms who are trying to engage in infant swimming on their own, do not know the principles and methods of classes. Water can get into a lung infant, and it is dangerous for life.	In the pool, classes are only under the control of experienced specialists, so the child and mom are in complete safety.
Exercises in groups	Very often, the kids do not want to swim on their own: they are scary, uninteresting, etc. There is no opportunity to exercise with several children.	In the group, the child draws attention to its peers. When the kid sees others swim with pleasure, he is not so scary to try the newest tasks and exercises.
Conditions	In this regard, the domestic bath comes to first place. Mom can prepare boiled water without chlorine, wash a bath or a large bath, and can be sure that no infections are terrible to her baby.	Often chlorine, which disinfect water becomes the cause of allergic reactions, problems with respiratory and digestion organs, when swallowing water from the pool. There is a risk of catching some infection.

Pediatric's opinions

Most of them are mostly configured very positively regarding infant navigation. True, many of them advise at home to reduce the risk of harmful microorganisms into the digestive tract of the baby, as well as on its skin. Evgeny Olegovich Komarovsky, as his colleagues, insists that swimming is useful only when it is carried out in compliance with all precautionary measures, and the baby in a good spirit. In addition, pediatricians often make the emphasis on the fact that swimming in cool water contributes to a strong sleep of a baby, and is also an important step in the tempering process.

Every person should be able to swim, and the sooner he learns, the better. What gives the baby swimming? Specialists of many countries believe that swimming facilitates the health of the child, helps him develop correctly. Classes in water lead to the improvement of blood circulation and respiratory bodies. The load on the spine is removed in the water and the correct posture is formed. Active movement strengthens the bone and warns the development of flatfoot. The nervous system is also strengthened. A sleep becomes stronger, the appetite is improved, the overall tone of the body increases. Traffic improves, endurance increases. Swimming classes with newborn and infants have nothing to do with competitions and preparation of the swimmer-athlete.

How did baby swimming be born?

Scientists believe that, perhaps, children's swimming existed among peoples living near water. What we call is now children's swimming was opened in Australia Ms. Timerman in 1939 by the will of the case. In the hot summer days, her doctor advised her to take with her the child's pool. Timerman saw that the child literally blooms in the water. It prompted her to write a book that became a worldwide textbook on children's swimming. Anyone later, the articles of the Chairman of the All-Union Federation of Navigating the President of the Medical Committee of the International Federation of Sailing Z.P. Firsov under the general name "Float earlier than to walk" began published in the USSR. The technique was approved by the Special Commission of the USSR Ministry of Health and became universally implemented. It is especially important "that she allowed to heal the children with an ordinary apartment bath, which is available to millions of people.

When and how to start classes with the baby?

Nine months before birth, the child was floating in an oily fluid. And if you do not move it with anything, he will gladly perceive and water in the bath.

How do parents find confidence? If you want to teach a child in swimming, then during pregnancy, it is also advisable to do in water. Parents who love water and able to swim, more confidence in the expediency of classes with the baby. Carefully read the methodical manual. We will assign how you will perform support in water. Pick up the appropriate time, and you can start. Swimming classes are held in a large bath. Because in a small bath, the child will also be uncomfortable to swim as you in the usual. What should be the water temperature in the bath? According to the method of Z.P. Firsov, the temperature at first occupations can be 37 degrees, on the fifth lesson -36.5, on the ninth - 36, in fourteenth - 35.5, at the twentieth - 35, at the twenty-fourth - 34 degrees. Next, the water temperature is reduced to the temperature of the ordinary pool - 28 degrees. We usually begin with a lower temperature. Temperature you must pick up for a child individually. He should be warm and comfortable in the water, but at the same time water should not be too warm to encourage the child to make active swimming movements.

As a rule, the water temperature for the child is only born and weighing up to 4 kg should be about 35.5 - 36 degrees, and for the baby plump, with folds should be 34-35. IN In any case, you pick the temperature for your child focusing on how he behaves in the bath.

Immerse the child It is necessary to slowly, gradually, after checking the temperature of the water so that it does not seem too cold or too hot.

Immersion starts with legs in a vertical position ..

The diving is the necessary part of the child's teaching with independent swimming and the main thing that will save you subsequently from the danger of the child's drowning.

You will be calm on the beach that your child can play in the water, nothing terrible will not happen to him. How to start learning a child to dive? You should do it gradually. First, when the child floats on the back or on the stomach. You give a spelling clear command: "Attention, dive" or "times, two, three, dive!" And at the same time intensively blow a child in the face. It will shrink, closes the eyes and delay her breathing. So you need to repeat a few days. When you master this exercise, you can go to the next.

For the team: "Attention, dive" you splash the child in the face. It is desirable that the water does not fall up to the nose. You will notice that the child also holds his breath. Then you can in the back position performed the next exercise. On "Attention, dive", you lower the child a little deeper into the water so that only the nose and mouth, and the cheeks of Lobik and the eyes remain on the surface, so that the lobik and eye cheeks are immersed. Well, finally, if you have mastered all these exercises, you can proceed to the present diving.

In any case, we recommend using from 2-3 months of age also auxiliary devices. This is a set of "Little Mermaid". Main component - "Crown of Mermaid". It puts on a child approximately 2 months of age so that he has lying on the surface of the water.

Children are trained in the bath in the bath is much better than on land.

You are only insure, look, and there is no need to be in a taller position all the time, supporting the child. Over time, he will learn himself, without any help and without a "mermaid" lying on the water. At first, you support the child strong enough, then you support the child much weaker, only with the tips of the fingers, then the child supports the "mermaid", from which you gradually take out the cubes through one. Then, during the postings, you for a short time let go and again.

When you go to the pool, the basic exercises and wiring will remain the same, but the depth of water and the pool space will help you in every way to diversify these exercises.

You can diverge diving. The child can dive with you. You can keep it behind your back and dive together. You can keep yourself ahead, and then it will come out first, and you after him. You can swim on your back, while the child will lie on your stomach and on the chest. Children like it very much. Two adults can be against each other, and the child who is already goodhe learned to dive pushing from one adult to another. It will float meter-one and a half, and then another adult will adopt it, wait until the breath is normalized, and in the same way will send to the first one. For swimming on the stomach, you can use the "Mermaid Necklace", it will keep the head, and you will not need to do it with your hand. There is another way of a calmer transition from support to independent swimming is the "Mermaid Pendants". They support the child slightly to help him properly balance on the surface of the water.

"Look like a mom or dad doing. I blow on the driver's water." At the same time, you dial the full air breast and slowly exhale it on the surface of the water. The child sees how the circles are formed on the water. He likes it and he tries to reproduce this action. You can blow on a light boat or any toy so that it moves along the water, and encourage the child. Through several classes, demonstrate the child the exhalation into the water, immersing the mouth and nose in it. Bubbles attract the attention of the baby on the surface of the water, and he wants to do the same.

Vedasost.