Running with the transmission of the relay stick. \\ \\ Basics of athletics as a sport

Through the use of various relay games in the lessons of physical culture, students were fascinated by an athletic athletics, attend the school sports section.

We transmit relay

Perhaps there is no more spectacular and fascinating type of athletics than the relay run.

Nowadays, the relay run has accepted a wide variety of forms: at the school lesson, physical education, at the children's playground, a children's holiday - a relay race with the transmission of various objects, overcoming possible obstacles - one of the best physical education tools. On the boulevard, in the park, on urban streets is one of the best forms of mass sports competitions.

Finally, on the treadmill of the stadium, with the transmission of the relay stick, is one of the most popular types of athletics sports, included in the program of various competitions, ranging from the championship of the team of physical education and ending with Olympic games.

In the relay 4 x 100 m, more than in any other form of the relay run, the result depends on the teamwork, the coherence of the actions of athletes. I want to tell about the experience of training girls in this type of athletics. It is known that in the relay, the race is carried out on separate tracks. At the first stage, the athlete begins to run from a low start. At the remaining stages, the transmission occurs with the go. The difficulty lies in the fact that the relay is transmitted at high speed in a limited zone - 20 m. For overclocking, 10-meter segments are added to this zone, on which an athlete can start running back to the transmission zone in which it Thus, it turns out, having a fairly high speed.

For receiving the runners on the second, the third and fourth stages take a position close to a low start, leaning in one hand on the ground and turning the head to the right or left (depending on what foot is worth ahead) and depending on the shoulder on the approaching partner . The relay is desirable to transmit when both athletes have achieved sufficiently high speed. For this, a checkmark mark is made a few meters from the 10-meter zone of the runway.

When the transmitting relay reaches the check mark, the receiving starts running. When athletes are approaching the length of the elongated hand, which should occur closer to the end of the transmission, and the speed of their running is equal, the transmitting gives the command "Gop!", According to which the receiving hand pulls back with a palm opened and left aside with a thumb. When the hand in this position is fixed, transmitting from below embeds into the palm of the relay wand. This happens in the second, third and fourth stages. Naturally, all these movements should be brought to automatism and perform at possible high speed.

Here I outlined only the general scheme of the relay run. In fact, practice requires a number of issues from the coach and athletes. For example, what distance do you have to run by each participant of the relay? The question at first glance seems inappropriate, but in reality, given the 20-meter transmission zone and the 10-meter scope of the runway, it turns out that the command runs out not 400, and 490 m. At the first stage, the participant runs the distance equal to 110 m, on the second - 130 m, on the third - 130 m and on the fourth - 120 m. As it turns out, it is easy to understand, looking at the scheme.

Given the different length of the stages and their different character (the first and third stages of athletes should run along the turn, the second and fourth - in a straight line), you need to select participants for individual stages. At the first stage should be an athlete who has a confident and rapid start, able to run along the turn.

Until now, there is an unwritten law, according to which four participants who took the first place at the city championship, schools in the relay team. Such a solution is not always correct. Of the first four unmistakably, you can choose only the participant at the first stage: after all, they all fled from a low start. Here, in the relay, at three stages, the art is the art of transmission of the relay stick. I believe that not every good sprinter can become a good member of the relay run. There are no cases when for the development of transmission techniques, long months of workouts are required.

Improve transfer

Before starting to train the command in the transmission of the relay, you need to properly set the tolerance - a mark that determines the start of the run of the athlete hosting the relay. When the runner carrying the baton runs this mark, the receiving starts running with the calculation to achieve the optimal speed in the place scheduled for transmission (usually 14 is the 16th meter of the transmission zone). Naturally, it is possible to determine the admission only as a result of multiple repetitions, with regular joint training, controlling admission in the competition process. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in the attacks, control competitions on the relay run. Since the speed of athletes during the year is not constant, then from time to time, and before the responsible competitions, it is necessary to control this speed and make the appropriate amendments to the placement of athletes. It must be borne in mind that the establishment of admission during overclocking at 40 - 50 m, as is usually done in training, will not be accurate. After all, when running 110 - 120 m, as it happens on competitions, the speed of the transmitting will be different.

Experience suggests that starting training in the transmission of the relay is better from a small tolerance - within 5 m. This will allow the receiving to acquaint confidence that it can take the relay at the beginning of the zone. Only gradually the tolerance mark can be attributed to 6 - 7 m, ensuring that the transfer takes place on the 14th - 16th meter. If from the first workouts to seek transmission at the end of the zone, then the speed of the transmitting will fall, such incorrect skills will appear as the braking of the run, searching for the hand of the relay stick, look at the transmitting.

In some teaching aids, it is recommended to carry out the transfer on the last two m zone. This cannot be agreed. At the athlete already running 120 m, the speed with each meter decreases. The host she grows with each meter. As a result, one extra step, and the athlete may disrupt the rules - exit the transmission zone without receiving the relay.

Outfect run

Modern athletics relay - the only team type of athletics (especially in the sprint), which is characterized by a very high speed of running and entertainment.

Special requirements for each runner and the entire team allocate the sprint relay in a separate type of athletics program, requiring both a special training methodology and the system of selection of athletes - participants of the most interesting competition. Measuring the speed of running in relay tests that in the face of the most severe competitive struggle at certain stages, the sprinters are very often showing such a running speed, which in individual rasions to develop so and cannot be developed. How to explain this interesting fact? First, psychological reasons. It is impossible not to note the overall sense of responsibility for the common cause and the "Command Setup" to the presentation - factors contributing to a more efficient implementation of the physical possibilities of the runner. Secondly, a certain motor setting inherent in these competitions. As a rule, there is such a situation in the relay run, where almost every sprinter at the stage have to catch up with a rival.

In individual competitions, as a rule, there is no such real purpose. To increase speed, athletes mentally trying to give themselves orders: "Faster, add more ...", etc. Not always in this case, the speed increases, it happens that the muscles do not take part in the race are actively involved, and the athlete runs with "on the brakes". There is no such phenomena in the relay race.

Of course, it is impossible not to say about the extremely high emotional background of the entire competition in the relay race. For 10 - 30, with expectations in the stage, when the blurring ball, the relay rolls along the track, the sprinter "pounds" itself to such an emotional level that it would be able to solve any, sometimes it would seem impossible, tasks. True, such a supercursable state can suppress the control function, which is why there are cases ending with "clarifying relationships" outside the transmission zone. This requires these relaxers of the presence of a whole complex of psychological qualities that determine the reliability of an athlete in the most acute competitive situations. In addition, the athletes must constantly train, which will allow them to make a solid admission skill and transmission of the relay stick. The reliability of the sprinter in the process of admission and transmission of the relay is not determined by the fact that the athlete never admits violations of the rules of the competition at its stage - many are often reinsured and, providing reliable reception, is much lost in the transmission process. The reliability of the high-end sprinters is that they always work at the limit, not allowing mistakes in the most acute situations of the competitive struggle. With externally, quite satisfactory transmission in step can be lost from 0.1 to 0.3 s. Usually in large competitions in this time interval, both winners and outsiders fall into this time interval. At the Olympic Games, the first four to five teams are finish with an interval of 0.2 - 0.5 m. And if we consider that the possibility of losses at each stage can be up to 0.5 s, then it is possible to understand the special significance of the actions of each member of the relay collective.

Special studies of the transmission efficiency of the relay showed that when transferring the relay sticks on the 15th meter, the interaction of the runners occurs with the greatest differences in the running rate between them: in the transmitter - 10.23 m / s transmitting - 10.23 m / s, in receiving 8.93 m / s, so As in the starting overclocking, it runs only 15 m. In this case, the time loss during the passage of the relay stick in the 20-meter zone will reach 0.03 ° C (estimated time). However, the magnitude of the loss in practice will be much larger, since the transmission of the relay stick occurs in the "incidence" transmitting on the receiving. In this case, such two points are not used as the speed of transmission and the distance between the runners at the time of the transfer due to the slope of the body and the optimal length of the elongated hands, which reaches the value of 1 - 1.3 m.

When transmission of the relay on the 25th meter, the ratio of runners rates is the closest - in the transmitting 10.20 m / s, in receiving 10.00 m / s, thereby creating the best conditions for the speed of transmitting and implementing the distance between the runners during transmission.

Thus, externally, almost successful transmission actually pays such losses of time that it is impossible to run on the distance. Obviously, each member of the relay team is presented very stringent requirements. Walk together along the track at the maximum speed, balancing on the edge of the loss of 0.2 -0.3 s, is the highest art, affordable very few. The main burden, of course, falls on the athlete hosting the relay. He needs to be able to see only his partner and react only for his actions. The success of the speech of the spinning quartet depends on how every member of the team feels responsibility, as it is assembled, disciplined and attentive.

The decisive success of the relay is consistent with the transmission of the relay stick. Command training in the relay is, among other things, one of the best means of individual training, especially in children and youthful age. Training in the transfer of the relay stick is an excellent high-speed exercise that is performed in ever changing conditions when the role of control over their actions is particularly important. This allows at the earliest stages of the preparation of the sprinter to learn it to accurately assess its actions at the highest possible exercise intensity - the ability to which many even very qualified athletes do not always fully own.

In addition, the relay is a team competition and, therefore, the game is therefore the most efficient method of training young athletes.

As is known, in accordance with the rules of the relay run, the wand must be transmitted from the hands to the hands of athletes in the corridor with a length of 20 m. Running the receiving relay, it is allowed to start starting overclocking 10 m before the start of the transmission zone. With the optimal use of the transmission zone, the speed of the relay stick should always correspond to the maximum speed of runners. With a good technique of transmission, the result in the relay race may be 2.5 - 3.0 with better than the sum of the results in running 100 m, shown by each of its participants. This indicator is often used to assess the degree of team preparedness.

There are several ways to overcome the distance in the relay race, differing from each other with which hand the athletes are transmitted by the relay wand and how to perform this transmission.

Currently, most of the strongest teams are used by the so-called mixed transmission, in which the runners on the rotation are carried by the relay wand in the right hand, and on the line - in the left. At the same time, the transmission of the relay stick, as a rule, is carried out by the movement of the hand from the bottom up. The long-term practice of the relay running shows that this method is the most effective and, therefore, at the beginning of training, taking it as a basis, it is necessary to strive to ensure that the sprinters owned such skills.

The preparation of athletes to the relay run is made up of individual training, work in pairs and running the relay to the entire composition. Training techniques for the reception of the relay stick is advisable to start with learning the start and starting run at the stages of the relay. The receiving athlete takes a position of a low start with a support for one hand. The runners of the second and fourth stages are at the outer edge of the track, leaning on her with his right hand and unfolding the shoulders to the left. The runner of the third stage relies on the surface of the treadmill with his left hand, respectively, turning to the right. In this position, the sprinter should feel steadily, so that the start of the run passed strictly on the appropriate edge of the treadmill (on the straight - on the external, on the turn - internal). After absorption of the starting acceleration, you must start the start on the visual signal. At a distance of 7 - 8 m from the starting on the track, a well-distinguishable label is made. It is better to designate it with two or three lines, so that it occupies a width of 20 - 25 cm.

The development of transmission techniques in pairs begins with the study of this element in place. Runners are standing at each other at a distance of 1.5 m in such a way that it is convenient to pass the stick from the right hand to the left and vice versa. On the command of the transmitting partner takes the right or left hand back with the opened palm and straightened fingers. At the same time, the thumb is closer to the body of an athlete taking the baton. The transmitting pulls forward the hand and moving from below-forward and slightly up slightly puts the relay in the hand of the receiving. The next exercise is the execution of the same action, but with the imitation of the movements of the hands when running. Next, the athletes are mastering the skill of transmission in a slow run in pairs or the whole team. When performing this exercise, two errors occur most often, which can later bring significant damage to transmitted on the steps.

The main error of the transmitting when after the command he immediately begins to pass the wand to his partner, without sustaining a sufficient pause. Both athletes make counter movement with their hands, and the wand at the same time very often turns out to be on Earth. The transmitting an athlete after his team must necessarily clearly see the elongated partner's hand and, making a running step, to accurately transmit. An error, which is also common when taking, - search by hand sticks. At the command of the transmitting runner, the athlete must pull back the hand and keep it firmly, without any movements.

The most common training exercise of the participants of the relay teams is the transmission of the relay in pairs at the maximum speed. The transmitting athlete is running out for 50 to 60 m from the beginning of the transmission zone. The receiving occupies the starting position so as to see the partner and the check mark. While the relay is far enough away from the athlete hosting, it occupies a position similar to the position of the sprinter in the pads on the start team. When the partner approaches 50 - 60 m, the starting takes off the knee from the ground, raising the pelvis. For each pair, the check mark is selected individually, taking into account the speed that the transmitting an athlete may have by the end of the distance, as well as the ability to start accelerating the receiving. Having determined the optimal distance to the reference label, it is necessary to measure it precisely by footsteps. In competitions and training, when calculating the forms, it is desirable to measure it twice - from the start place and back. This eliminates the possibility of an error, the cost of which is immensely large in the relay.

When working in pairs, you should pay attention to the host runner on the importance of timely and fast distance to the distance. Athlete, fixing his attention on the approaching runner, must instantly begin running as soon as his partner cross the line of the fory. Not always an athlete comes to her - this moment is not so difficult to catch, often he may be above the mark in the flight phase. For a more successful training of an athlete taking a relay wand, you can recommend the following methodical technique. It is necessary to build an imaginary door over the line of the shape and start running only when the partner passes through its target.

During training and competitions, you need to pay attention to the following psychological part. Often, with a timely and fast care of the receiving transmitting an athlete somewhere on the 5th - 7th meter of the zone is still too far from its partner and can be confused and believed in the unsuccessfulness of a prosperous transmission. It is necessary to teach yourself to never be lost in this case, trying to get a colleague on the room by anything.

Further improvement of transmission technology The relay is carried out under conditions as close as possible to the competitive - the transfer of the relay with several pairs simultaneously with the definition of the strongest pair, the lathefect run is 4x50 m and so on.

To control the quality of the transfer, it is advisable to record the time of finding the relay stick in the twenty-meter zone.

As a rule, athlete put at the first stage, which has a good starting overclocking or it is not sufficiently prepared in the taking sticks. The finishing stage is provided to the most experienced runner, which has the greatest competitive experience and fighting qualities. Spring at the turn is given to the third stage. In the process of long-term training and speeches in competitions, the constant composition of the relay team can achieve a very high synchronization of movements.

The best method of improving the relay run is to participate in the school competitions of the school championship, the area of \u200b\u200bthe region.

The book outlines the historical aspects of the development and formation of a relay run in peace, Europe, the USSR and Russia, affected the issues of analyzing technology and methods of teaching the relay run. Experimental data concerning the technology of planning the training process of athlete sprints specializing in plates of 4 × 100 and 4 × 400 m are substantiated. The presented materials of a methodological and research nature are recommended to students, undergraduates, graduate students, students of the faculties of additional postgraduate education, coaches and athletes, Since it is possible to take a fresh look at the available problems of the sprint race and, to a certain extent, they are charged with optimism regarding the success of their solution.

From the series:Library at leastletlet

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Company LITRES.

Refectory technique

The relay running 4 × 100 m, as a rule, causes the greatest interest in the audience. It is carried out on the individual tracks of the stadium from the beginning before the end of the distance. The team character of this type of competition, the responsibility of each sprinter for the outcome of the sports struggle, the need to calculate their movements at high speed of running and coordinate them with the movements of a partner in a limited transmission area - all this makes running this distance by one of the most emotionally Saturated, exciting spectacles. The relay 4 × 100 m is larger than in any other form of the relay run, the result depends on the coherence of the actions of athletes, ensuring efficient and reliable transmission of the relay stick at the maximum high speed of running.

Rational technique, special training technique, athlete selection system and psychological training - all this must be considered when preparing a team for relay run. And the most important factors of its effectiveness are not only the level of individual results of athletes at a distance of 100 m, but also their ability to reliably and quickly transmit a relay wand, since at each stage of the relay when transmitting and receiving wands can be lost from 0.1 to 0.3 s. The significance of such a time gain in time is well illustrated by the results of eight men's teams in the final race of the relay run of 4 × 100 m at the XII World Cup (Osaka, Japan) - the temporary range of teams that took place from the 1st to 5th Total 0.25 s. This makes it possible to understand how agreed by the actions of each participant of the relay team in the process of transmission of the relay stick.

Many examples are known when the teams composed of sprinters having very high personal results in a run of 100 m, inferior to quarters with lower individual achievements. This is explained by the fact that the final result in the relay race is 4 × 100 m depends not only on the high-speed capabilities of individual runners, but also the correct interaction of them when transferring and receiving the relay stick in the "zone" installed.

Thus, the story of the sprint run knows many cases when the lack of harmony reduced the advantage of "fast legs", and when a well-tuned team won the team composed of outstanding sprinters. In the first case, let us remember the US teams (men and women), which consisted of excellent sprinters, but often on the largest competitions were disqualified; Secondly, the male national team of the USSR, which did not have such fast athletes who were not able to become the winner and the winner of the Olympic Games.

Fig. 6. The position of the athlete at the first stage of the relay run

Since in recent years, the density of the results in the largest competitions has increased, the decisive moment in the relay is the perfect technique of transfer of the stick at the maximum possible speed. At the same time, the transmission itself takes place as close as possible by the end of the "Transmission Zone" ("Corridor"), and the athlete taking the relay wand leaves this zone at a higher speed.

In order to analyze the equipment of the relay run, will reveal the components and elements of this discipline of an athletics.

At the first stagethe athlete begins to run from the position of a low start using the starting pads. The actions of the runner at the first stage are similar to the actions of an athlete starting running along the turn. Starting pads are installed closer to the outer edge of the track in order to start running on the direct segment of the distance, which allows the sprinter to more quickly dial the maximum speed of running. Another feature of the start in the relay race is that it is performed by a runner with a relay chopper in hand (Fig. 6).

In the special literature, the authors offer several options for holding the relay sticks at the start. The position when the starting holds its middle, nameless fingers and the little finger, and the support is a big and index fingers, gained the most widespread among domestic athletes (Fig. 7 b).

Fig. 7. Options for holding a relay stick with a low start at the first stage (J. Kolpher, 1975)

Options for holding the relay sticks with a low start analyzes the American J. Kolpher (37) (Fig. 7 A-D).

1st option:the athlete holds a wand in a normal starting position. This method, according to the author, does not ensure reliable hold of the stick at the time of the start (see Fig. 7, a).

2nd option:the wand holds three fingers, while the big and index fingers serve as a support. The wand holds securely, but this method does not guarantee equilibrium at the time of the start (see Fig. 7, b).

3rd option:it should be kept with a big and middle fingers, the rest serve as a support, and the body weight is evenly distributed on them. However, with this method, as J. Kolpher emphasizes, the reliable fixation of the sticks is not provided (see Fig. 7, B).

Fig. 8. The position of the runway taking the relay stick on the 2nd and 4th stage (with a support for the hand)

4th Option:the wand is compressed by large, medium and nameless fingers, which also contributes to the uniform distribution of body weight on the fingers. In addition, the wand is securely held in the hand and is slightly higher over the soil than with other ways. According to the author, most US athletes consider this option very convenient and most natural to hold sticks with a low start (see Fig. 7, d).

5th option:the runner holds the relay wand with big and index fingers. This method, as with the second embodiment (see Fig. 7 b), does not provide sufficient equilibrium athlete (see Fig. 7, e).

The proposed options are taken from the practice of using their American athletes, but a decisive factor in determining the method of holding the relay stick, as follows from the author's studies, should be the opinion of the coach and an athlete. In all cases, the relay stick holds in one end, and its other end is outside the starting line. To work out the optimal method of holding the relay stick, it takes quite a bit of time, and if the athlete reliably and naturally holds a wand at the start, we can assume that time is not lost in vain.

Fig. 9. The position of the runway taking the relay chopstick on the 2nd and 4th stage (without a support on hand)

On the start of the starter athlete, running in the first stage, starts running, sticking to the inner edge of the track. The athletes of subsequent stages also take the starting position for the faster start of the run.

At the same time, due to the fact that the runners of the 2nd and 4th stages take the relay wand in athletes running on the brightened, closer to the inner line of the track, the starting position at these stages will be the same - closer to the outdoor line of its track ( Fig. 8 and 9). Since it leaves the left side of the track for the transmitting the relay wand.

Analyzing the starting position of the runners on the 2nd and 4th stagesMost specialists (6, 10, 29, 43) come to the opinion that the athlete must take a position close to the low start, on the outside of the track, leaning (or without support) with the right hand of the track. In this case, either the right (see Fig. 8), or the left foot may be ahead (see Fig. 9).

The head of the athlete is turned towards the inside of the track, that is, to the left, which makes it possible to more clearly see the runner of his team and the check mark. At the time when the transmitting began running with a wand, the athlete takes a starting position. As the partner approaches, the left hand rises to the level of the belt, the torso unfolds with the left shoulder to the left, the head turns the look at the check mark to be headed from above, and not on the side. This moment is very important, as it is well oriented by the runner on accuracy of care. For convenience, the heel slightly rotate toward the external line of the track.

At the time of the intersection of the transmitting projections of the control mark, the receiving starts as quickly as possible, and then turns his head towards the running direction. Before getting a stick running on the 2nd and 4th stages of athletes adhere to the outside of the track.

In the third stagethe second transmission of the relay stick occurs. Analysis of competitive activity shows that at this stage the following position of the runner taking the relay is most common (Table 2). The athlete becomes a position close to the low start; On the inside of the track with a support or without support on the hand (Fig. 10, 11). Some athletes starting at the 3rd stage are on the outer side of the track, leaning on the right hand (Fig. 12). There are also cases when the athletes take a position on the external track, close to a high start without supporting hand (Fig. 13). In this case, the first acceleration phase is performed on a tangent of the inner line of the treadmill.

Fig. 10. Position of the runoff of the third stage, standing on the inside of the track (with a support for hand)

Fig. 11. Position of the third stage running on the inside of the track (without support)

Fig. 12. The position of the runway of the third stage, standing on the outside of the track (with a support for hand)

Fig. 13. The position of the runway of the third stage, standing on the outside of the track (without a support in hand)

table 2

Starting position of team participants in the relay race 4 × 100 m at the third stage (XII World Cup, Osaka, Japan, 2007; final race)

(Cyt. According to O. M. Mirzoev, V. M. Maslakov, E. P. Vrublevsky, 18)

You should consider the fact that the further the path is from the inner browch, the less the direct section of overclocking remains for the starting run by the participants of the 3rd stage. Therefore, an athlete starting at this stage when choosing a start place is advisable to take into account the track sequence and how its approaching teamwork will be visible by the time of crossing the check mark. In this case, it is necessary to individually choose the most rational version of the posture at the start. Further actions of the athlete are similar to the start and starting acceleration on the 2nd and 4th stages, but it holds their runner in the same way as the runner of the first stage, that is, closer to the inner brow.

Currently, in the practice of relay running 4 x100 m, there are two most common methods of transmitting the relay sticks without shifting - the transmission "bottom-up" and "top-down". This means that the relay stick is accepted and passed the runner of the next stage by the same hand, and the athlete who takes the wand does not shift it while running from one hand to another. In this embodiment, the relay is transmitted by runners on the steps in the following sequence:

- from the right hand to the left hand (on the 2nd stage);

- from the left hand to the right hand (at the 3rd stage);

- From the right hand to the left hand (at the 4th stage).

Thus, on the brightener, the athlete is advisable to run closer to the inside of the track and carry a wand in the right hand, and to a straight line to keep the relay wand in the left hand and when running in the "transmission zone" adhere to the outside of the track.

Repeatedly different specialists (29, 31, 41, 43), a study was carried out by the effectiveness of two methods of transmitting the relay stick - "top-down" and "bottom-up". The overall assessment of the effectiveness of one way or another was evaluating the following factors: simplicity, reliability and speed of transmission. Both methods were used in the same conditions: the transmission "Bottom-up" and the transmission of "top-down" was investigated with the participation of the same tests; In all experiments, the relay was transferred from the right hand to the left; The transmitting and receiving used sprint start, etc. The results of studies have shown that the method of transmitting "top-down" allows you to quickly transmit a relay stick than "bottom-up".

Fig. 14. Transmission of the relay chopstick by the method "Bottom-up"

However, the long-term practice of relay running shows that the "bottom-up" method is simpler and reliable. Therefore, in the training of novice athletes, where the most important factors of simplicity and reliability of the transmission of the relay, should be practicing a method of transmitting "bottom-up". Highly qualifying athletes can be preferred by the method of transmitting "top-down" as more rapid. In general, the following highlights should be noted at two transmission methods.

1. Transfer "Bottom-up".The runner taking the baton holds a hand in the "V" position (revealed palm) at the level of the hip. The relay wand is embedded "bottom-up" into the hand of the runner taking battle with the settlement so that he can take it close to the hand of the runner transmitting the relay. For this, at the time of transfer of the stick, the back of the brush of the transmitter rushes into the palm of the receiving, which eliminates the possibility of slipping. This also provides the required place on the relay stick for the next capture of it, in the subsequent, the remaining sprints of the team (Fig. 14).

Advantage. Easy to train beginners. More naturally under the "nature" of run, since the "bottom-up" movement disrupts the running rhythm.

disadvantages. It is necessary to save the "stick distance", because with each transmission it remains less space for subsequent capture, and at the last stage there is often no place at the front end of the stick, for which you can confidently grasp that can lead to its loss.

To solve the problem of a free grip, it is proposed to move the fingers while running sticking sticks on the brush (29). In addition, when transferring a stick to the bottom, the brush of the transmitting must necessarily touch the brush of the receiving.

Fig. 15. Transmission of the relay wand "from above-down"

2. Transfer "top-down". The runner taking the baton stretches his hand back up (thumb towards the body). The athlete transmitting the relay, holding a wand, puts her free end in the hand of an athlete taking the baton, the movement "top-down" (Fig. 15).

Advantage. The maximum distance between the runners, and the position of the relay stick after the transmission does not require adjustment (it is ready for the next gear!).

disadvantages. In a moving, higher raised, compared with the previous transmission, the hand of the runner taking the battlefoot is difficult to accurately attach the relay wand.

On the issue of comparative effectiveness of transmission methods, the most significant practical research was carried out by Czech specialists (30, 31). It was revealed that in all analyzed competitions in the relay teams 1972-1988. When the "bottom-up" transmissions have achieved more efficient interaction than with the "top-down" method. Nevertheless, now most teams use the "top-down" transmission. Moreover, men carry out the transfer, mainly in the second half of the "transmission zone", and women in the first.

It is also noted that with a relatively homogeneous morphological profile of the sprinters, the "bottom-up" transmission is more often used. If athletes are heterogeneous for growth (over 5-8 cm) - "top-down". More detailed video analyzes showed (29) the explicit predisposition of the type of transmission from anthropometric data springs, which, ultimately, affect its length and frequency of steps.

Some teams apply a mixed way to transfer from below and on top without shifting. The essence of this method is as follows. The transfer of the relay stick from the 1st stage on the 2nd and from the 3rd stage to the 4th is done by the "bottom-up" movement, and the transmission from the 2nd stage on the 3rd - the "top down" movement. This is one of the solutions to the problem of the free grip of sticks.

Reception of the relay stick is carried out by the audible signal of the transmitting. Moreover, this signal is supplied at such a distance at which it can be transmitted and taking the baton with an elongated hand (the distance between the transmitters and receiving approximately 1.20-1.50 m) and at the moment when the hand of transmitting with a stick moves back. The latter is done with the goal so that when moving forward to put a wand partner, who is already ready to accept it.

It is observed (22) that American coaches experimented a lot with sound signals when the relay is transmitted and found out that it is better to shout the name of the runner taking the relay wand. The runner of the previous stage gives a team in one step to the movement of the hand, which it transmits a wand running the next stage. When the receiving runner hears his name, he slightly leans forward (compensating for the hand lead) and makes the hand, which is fixed and parallel to the treadmill, and the palm is turned up. Here the focus is on the receiving hand fully straightened and palm is revealed for taking sticks. At the same time, it is necessary to strive to ensure that during the transfer between athletes it was as much distance ("free space").

End of a familiarization fragment.

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Led Book Foreign Fragment Refectory running. History, Technique, Training, Training (O. M. Mirzoev, 2009) Granted by our book partner -

At the stage of the stage The runner starts from a low start in the turn, as when starting 200 m. The relay stick holds three fingers right hand, and the index and thumbs are straightened and rest in the track from the starting line. In order for the runner of the stage I ran from the clove of the track, it should always keep chopper, and transfer to left To your partner. The complexity lies in the transfer of the relay stick in a limited area at high speed.

There are two ways to transfer the relay stick: bottom - up and top-down.

At the first way the runnerHaving taking a relay stick, removes the hand (the opposite hand of the transmitting runner) back to the side, the thumb is given towards the palm plane, four fingers are closed. The transmitting runner puts the relay wand moving from below - up between the thumb and palm. Feeling touching the relay stick, taking the runner captures her, squeezing the brush.

With the second method The hand also takes back a little to the side, but the plane of the palm looks up. The transmitting runner puts the relay wand with the movement from above - down, dropping it into the palm.

When the runner transmitting the relay, reaches the check mark, the receiving runner starts starting overclocking. Running into the transmission zone of the relay, both runners come closer, the first catch up with the second, transmitting the runner for 2 running steps should give a brief voice In order for the receiving runner to straighten and remove the hand back to transmit the relay. After the transfer of the runner, which took the baton, performs a quick run in its stage, and the runner passing the baton, gradually slowing down, stops, but does not go beyond the side boundaries of its trackand. Only after running the transfer zone by other teams, he leaves the track.

Runner II. Stage carries a relay stick in left hand and will transmit the runner Stage III in right hand.

On the III stage runner runs on the bright as close as possible to the brow and transmits the relay IV stage with right hand in left hand.

In the transmission zone, the runners should run, not interfering with each other, i.e. At the edges of the treadmill, depending on the hand carrying.

Typically, the runner taking the baton starts or from a high start, or from a low start with a support for one hand. With a high start, the runner turns his head a little back to see the check mark and running the runner. When starting with a support for one hand, the runner looks back over the shoulder of a neople hand, or, dropping his head, looks back under the neuropal hand.

Very important element of technology at the time of transfer - running in one rhythm, i.e. It is necessary to run to the leg. It is also important to find optimal "odds" to start running, that is, to start running at such a length of the "forces" when the coincidence of the transmission and receiving speeds occurs in the middle of the transmission zone.

In other types of relay, the same transmission methods are used, but the runner who took the relay wand can shift it at a convenient hand for herself while running at the distance. The main task in transmitting the relay stick is to pass it as soon as possible without losing time at the transfer itself.

The distance between the runners at the time of the transfer is equal to the length of the runner rolling back, which takes the battle, and the length of the runner's hand, transmitting the relay.

The relay run is very popular with the audience. In mild athletics, the following types of relay run are distinguished:

Refair running at the stadium. These include: 400 m, 4x400 m are classic views;

Relay on any distance and with any number of stages, as well as "Swedish" relay, for example: 800 + 400 + 200 + 100 (or in reverse order);

Relay based outside the stadium, for example, on the streets of cities. They differ in different lengths and number of stages, participants (can only run men, or mixed, where men and women are running).

Rational Technology, Special Training Methodology, Athletes Selection System and Psychological Preparation- All this is the main criteria for creating a good relay team. The running technique on the distances in the relay does not differ from the technique of running the corresponding species. The feature of the equipment of the relay run is the technique of transmission of the relay stick at high speed in accordance with the type of relay.

The most important factors for the performance of the relay team are:

Indicators of individual results of athletes at the corresponding distances;

Reliability of the transfer of the relay stick;

Consistency of team partners actions;

The integrity of a single collective.

In accordance with the rules of the competition in the relay, the wand must be transferred in the corridor with a length of 20 m.

The relay jog can be carried out:

1) without shifting a relay stick;

2) With the shifting of the relay stick.

Typically, the first method is used in short relay, where the transmission occurs at high speeds, the second method is used in all other relay.

To ensure efficient transfer to the runners, it is important to have sensity , so that when receiving the relay sticks accurately and in a timely manner start-up, as well as

feeling speed, in order to maintain the maximum speed in the transmission zone when transmitting the relay, and when taking steadily and maximally increase the speed of running. The criterion for the effectiveness of the transfer technique of the relay stick is the time for its location in the corridor.

Consider the technique of relay running 4 x 100 m.

At the stage, the runner starts from a low start in turn, as when starting 200 m. The relay wand holds three fingers of the right hand, and the index and thumbs are straightened and rest in the track from the starting line.

In order for the runner of the stage I ran from the clove of the track, he should always keep a wand in his right hand, and transfer to his partner to his left hand. Running at a distance is carried out at maximum speed. The complexity lies in the transfer of the relay stick in a limited area at high speed.

There are two ways to transfer the relay stick: from below - up and top-down. With the first way, the runner taking a relay wand will remove the hand (the opposite hand of the transmitting runner) back to the side, the thumb is given towards the plane of the palm, four fingers closed, palm looks straight back. The transmitting runner puts the relay wand moving from below - up between the thumb and palm. Feeling touching the relay stick, taking the runner captures her, squeezing the brush.

With the second way, the hand also takes back a little to the side, but the plane of the palm looks up. The transmitting runner puts the relay wand with the movement from above-down, dropping it into the palm. When contacting a stick with a palm taking a runner captures her, compressing a brush

When the runner transmitting the relay, reaches the check mark, the receiving runner starts starting overclocking. Walking into the transmission zone of the relay, both runners come closer, the first catch up with the second, transmitting the runner for 2 running steps should give a brief voice to the voice for the receiving runner straightened and remove the hand back to transmit the relay. After the transfer of the runner, having taken the baton, performs a quick run in its stage, and the runner passed to the baton, gradually slowing the run, stops, but does not go beyond the side limits of its track. Only after running the transfer zone by other teams, he leaves the track.

The runner II of the stage carries the relay wand in the left hand and will transmit the runner of the stage III in the right hand. On the III stage, the runner runs according to the brightened as close as possible to the brow and transmits the relay at the IV stage with the right hand into the left hand. The transmission of the relay stick is carried out in the ways described above.

In the transmission zone, the runners should run, not interfering with each other, i.e. At the edges of the treadmill, depending on the hand transmission (Fig. 37).

Very important element of technology at the time of transfer - running in one rhythm, i.e. It is necessary to run to the leg. It is also important to find the optimal "odds" to start running, i.e., start running at such a length of "forers" when the coincidence of the transmitting and receiving speeds occurs in the middle of the transmission zone.

In other types of relay, but at the rate of transmission of the relay, the same transmission methods are used, but the runner that took the relay wand can shift it into a hand-comfortable hand when running at the distance. The smaller the speed of the transmission carried out, the worse the training of an athlete. The main task in transmitting the relay stick is to pass it as soon as possible without losing time at the transfer itself.

The distance between the runners at the time of the transfer is equal to the length of the runner rolling back, which takes the battle, and the length of the runner's hand, transmitting the relay. This distance can increase somewhat due to tilt forward when the transmitting runner is transmitted.

Refectory technique

Name of parameter	Value
Theme of article:	Refectory technique
Rubric (thematic category)	Sport

The relay run is very popular in the auditor. In mild athletics, the following types of relay run are distinguished:

Refair running at the stadium. These include: 400 m, 4x400 m are classic views;

Relay on any distance and with any number of stages, as well as''Shveda'''''ts, for example: 800 + 400 + 200 + 100 (or in reverse order);

Outfiers conducted outside the stadium, for example on the streets of cities. Οʜᴎ differ in different lengths and number of stages, participants (only men can escape, or mixed, where men and women are running).

The most important factors for the performance of the relay team are:

Indicators of individual results of athletes at the corresponding distances;

Reliability of the transfer of the relay stick;

Consistency of team partners actions;

The integrity of a single collective.

In accordance with the Rules of Competitions in the relay Run, the wand should be transferred in the corridor with a length of 20 m. In the 400 m railway line, the runners II, III and IV of the stages are given an additional burned from the beginning of the corridor within 10 m, which allows you to score a higher speed to the place of transfer of the relay Sticks.

Taking into account the areas of the runway and the transfer of the wand, the athletes run on the stage of the M, on the II - 130 m, on the III - 130 m, at the IV - 120 m. For this reason, when the team of the team participants, it is necessary to take into account their individual characteristics.

In the relay race of 4 x 400 m and the rest of the rest of the overlapses of the additional runway is not given, and participants must start, being in a 20-meter corridor. The speed of running in these relay below, and therefore additional runs are not given.

The relay jog can be carried out: 1) without shifting the relay stick; 2) With the shifting of the relay stick. Typically, the first method is used in short relay, where the transfer occurs at high speeds, the second method is used in the rest of the relay.

To ensure efficient transfer to the runners, it is important to have sense of spacein order to start the starting rash, when taking the relay stick, and in a timely manner (at the time of the intersection of the transmitting checksum), as well as feeling

rosshiin order to maintain the maximum speed in the transmission area when transmitting the relay, and when taking steadily and as quickly as possible to increase the speed of the run to the 15-meter marking of the transmission zone.

The criterion for the effectiveness of the transfer technique of the relay stick is the time for its location in the corridor. It is important to note that for high-class sprinters, this indicator is an average of 1.80-1.90 s in men and 2.05 - 2.15 C in women. The highest speed of running athletes reach the 15th - 16th meter of the transmission zone. With an irrational transmission technique, the loss of time loss at the stage is an average of 0.1-0.3 s.

Consider the technique of relay running 4 x 100 m. At the stage, the runner starts from a low start in the turn, as when starting 200 m. The relay wand holds three fingers of the right hand, and the index and thumbs are straightened and rest in the track from the starting line (rice . 34). In order for the runner of the stage I ran from the clove of the track, he must have been to keep his wand in his right hand, and transfer to his partner to his left hand. Running at a distance is carried out at maximum speed. The complexity lies in the transfer of the relay stick in a limited area at high speed.

There are two ways to transfer the relay stick: from below - up and top-down. With the first way, the runner taking a relay wand will remove the hand (the opposite hand of the transmitting runner) back to the side, the thumb is given towards the plane of the palm, four fingers closed, palm looks straight back. The transmitting runner puts the relay wand with the movement from below-at the top between the thumb and palm. Feeling the touch of the relay stick, the receiving runner captures it, squeezing the brush (Fig. 35).

the transfer of the transmission runner, which took the baton, performs a quick run in its stage, and the runner passed by the baton, gradually slowing the run, stops, but does not go beyond the side boundaries of its path. Only after running the transfer zone by other teams, he leaves the track.

In the transmission zone, the runners should run, not interfering with each other, ᴛ.ᴇ. At the edges of the treadmill, based on the hand transmission (Fig. 37).

With a rational transmission technique, the runner taking a wand must run and take the reception of the relay without looking back, while maintaining high speed. Usually the runner taking the baton starts or from a high start or from a low start with a support for one hand. With a high start, the runner turns his head a little back to see the check mark and running the runner. When you start with a support for one hand, the runner looks back over the shoulder of a neopular hand, or, lowering his head, looks back under the neurope (Fig. 38).

Very important element of technology at the time of the transfer - running in one rhythm, ᴛ.ᴇ. I need to run down. It is also important to find the optimal''For''' 'to start running, that is, to start running at such a length of''fori''', when the coincidence of transmitting speeds and the receiving occurs on the middle of the transmission zone.

The distance between the runners at the time of the transfer is equal to the length of the runner, which takes the battle, and the length of the runner transmitting the relaxed forward of the runner. This distance can be somewhat increased by tilt forward when the transmitting runner is transmitted (Fig. 39). Such a distance can be sustained only with the rational transmission technique of the relay at the appropriate speed of running. If the distance is reduced, it is possible to overtaking the receiving runner by transmitting, and vice versa, with an increase in the distance between the runners, the transmission may not take place or will be performed outside the corridor.

4.4.6. Barrier Barrier Technique

Competitions on the barrier run are held at distances:

in men - according to M and 400 m, in winter - in the short distance of 60 m;

in women - 100 m and 400 m, sometimes 200 m, in winter - in the Manege on a short distance of 60 m.

The height of the barriers to short distances: men - 106.7 cm; In women - 84.0 cm. At a distance of 400 m: men - 91.4 cm;

v women - 76.2 cm. The distance between the barriers: men are 110 m - 9.14 m; in women at 100 m - 8.50 m; At 400 m in men, a female - 35 m.

It is believed that running with obstacles appeared for the first time in England. In 1864 ᴦ. The first competitions on the run with obstacles to 120 yards were held. At that time, 10 barriers were set up at 10 yards (9.14 m) - this distance was preserved to this day. The height of the barriers was 1 yard, after the barrier was raised to 1 m, and then up to 106.7 cm.

First, the barriers were made of solid hedges, as at horse racing. Then there were wooden barriers that were driven into the ground, then portable barriers resembling goats for firewood, and after 1900 ᴦ. Barriers appeared in the form of an inverted letter T. All these barriers were inconvenient and led to numerous injuries. Only in 1935 ᴦ. At the suggestion of B.Khilman, barriers of the letter l appeared with a weighty base, which fell at the strength of 8 pounds. Today, the overturning force should be no more than 4.0 kᴦ. The design of such a barrier allowed athletes to avoid many injuries.

The technique of barrier run and its improvement was largely influenced by the change in the rules of the competition. Previously, it was extremely important to overcome almost all the barriers, without knocking them. Until 1934 ᴦ. The result was not piping at three knocked barriers, and the record was not considered even at one knocked barrier. Then this rule was canceled, since studies have shown that the barrier knocking leads to loss of time and adversely affects the total athlete's total.

Barrier running in women appeared in the 20s. XX century ʜᴎʜᴎ ran the distance, starting with 60 yards (4 barriers) and ending 120 yards (10 barriers). In 1926 ᴦ. The length of the barrier distance was established in women - 80 m and the height of the barriers - 76.2 cm. In 1968 ᴦ. The IAAF decided to replace the distance of 80 m C / B to a new one - 100 m s / b, the height of the barriers was 84.0 cm. In the USSR, a distance of 100 m C / B was introduced already in 1962 ᴦ., True, the height of the barriers remained the same - 76.2 cm, and only in 1967 ᴦ. The height of the barriers raised to 83.8 cm (almost 84 cm). From the mid-70s. XX century The program of the largest competitions includes and running at 400 m s / b in women.

Barrier Run is one of the complex technical species of athletics that present high requirements for physical and technical training athlete. The combination of speed sprints, jumping, flexibility, high coordination of movements will give an opportunity to the athlete to achieve high results at this distance.

The technique of the barrier run can be divided into:

start and starting overclocking with overcoming the first barrier;

running at a distance;

Finishing.

Start in running 110 m with barriers is of great importance to achieve a good result. Optimal start and starting acceleration with overcoming the first barrierit is the main task of the barrier to the laying basis for achieving a high result. Execution It allows an opportunity to the athlete to concentrate on the rhythm of the run between barriers and actively step by subsequent barriers.

Athletes start from the position of low start͵ ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ does not differ from the low start of the sprinters, there is a difference only in the location of the barrier from the starting line. This provision depends on how many steps athlete overcomes the distance to the first barrier. If the barrier overcomes it for 8 beam steps, then to maintain the optimal end of the running step, the athlete is forced to remove a little from the start line. If the runner overcomes the distance to the first barrier for 7 beam steps, then it is approaching the start as close as possible to the start line. The runners of this plan typically have high growth and long lower limbs.

When running 8 steps, the barrier puts on the first block to the joy, on the second - flying leg. When running 7 steps to the first block, Machova is put on the second, the pushing leg. In other words, with an odd number of steps, you need to start the first step with the push, with even - from the Machova. Machova footcall leg attacking barrier, ᴛ.ᴇ. overcoming barrier first push foot -the leg that is repelled in the last step, sending the body of the athlete to the barrier, ᴛ.ᴇ. overcoming barrier second.

On the command''Vimnaya! 'The barrier raises the pelvis slightly above the shoulders or one level with the shoulders. According to the team,''marsh! 'The athlete starts the active run, and, unlike a sprinter, straightening the body is carried out on 4 -5 steps of starting overclocking, to the last step in front of the barrier to come with a high location of the OCS.

Running to the first barrier is performed quickly and freely, with the optimal tilt of the body, the legs are put on the front of the foot. The smaller the difference between the height of the barrier and the height of the OCS, the more effective the step through the barrier will be performed and the rational steps between barriers will be performed.The barrier should run high to the barrier, without squeezing in the last step, but, on the contrary, rising, attacking the barrier from above. The last step in front of the barrier is slightly smaller, the foot is as it were,''sagrebye'''''tiya back to actively reduce the hips and rationally perform the attack by the mother's leg. Movements should be directed not upwards, and forward to the barrier.
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The distance from the place of the legs in the last step to the barrier should be more than 2 m, that is, almost the distance should be at least one and a half

lower limbs. With the growth of skills and the level of physical fitness, this distance increases to the optimal limits, but too far a distant repulsion to the barrier has its drawbacks.

A modern way to overcome barriers to its roots by 1908 ᴦ, when for the first time the American F. Smiton demonstrated a new way to overcoming a barrier requiring great flexibility and mobility in the hip joint. In the future, the technique of overcoming barriers was improved and more detailed, based on the individual characteristics of the athletes and their biomechanical characteristics.

Overcoming the barrier conditionally has three stages: 1) the attack of the barrier; 2) transition through the barrier; 3) gathering from the barrier. Attack Barierit begins with the movement of the Machova after passing the vertical. The movement begins the thigh, the shin is bent in the knee joint, as in the usual running step. Next, the thigh moves up-andped to the horizontal, the shin straightens forward, attacking the barrier heel. The barrier takes the position of''Spagata'''' on the support. At the same time, with the movement of the Machova, the body makes the tilt forward, the opposite of the mother's leg also be sent forward to the sock of the mask leg. The movements of the body, hands, the Machova should be fast and coincided with rhythm. Athlete's glance is ahead. After the junction of the push foot from the support, the next phase begins - the transition through the barrier (Fig. 40).

For transition through the barriermachy leg continues forward, after passing the knee joint through the barrier

fight gradually down. The pushing leg after the separation from the soil bends in the knee joint, the thigh is assigned to the side in the hip joint, the ankle joint is excellent completely. The thigh should be higher than the shin and heel. In this position, the bent foot performs moving forward through the side. Machy hand, semitted in the elbow joint, is reserved back. At the time of passing the vertical over the barrier, when the thigh of the push legs starts forward, the hands are found at the body. The movement of the hand, the opposite of the mother's leg, reminds of''sagrebating'''' move backwards, the other hand performs the usual movement as in a smooth run. When the Machi leg concerns the support behind the barrier, the final phase of overcoming the barrier begins (Fig. 41).

Gathering from the barrier.The high-tech barrier puts the flying foot on the support after overcoming the barrier from the sock, not falling on the heel. The mane leg is straightened in the knee joint, the push foot goes back-slightly up, the corner in the knee joint between the thigh and the shin increases to 90 degrees and more. The athlete takes the first step after the departure from the barrier from the high level of the OCM. The distance from the barrier to the production of the Machova Leg Crub is from 130 - 160 cm. The slope of the body must be stored as at the beginning of the attack of the barrier. The drive of the trunk back when the barrier occurs is a gross mistake in the technique of overcoming the barrier (Fig. 42).

G \\ O.

Running on distanceit consists in overcoming barriers and performing cross-country steps between barriers. The technique of overcoming barriers was disassembled above, we will now dwell on the running technique between barriers.

Between the barriers of the athletes perform three cross-country steps, which are somewhat different from the cross-country steps of the sprinter run. The first step is usually the shortest, second - long, third - by 15 - 20 cm shorter than the second step. The slope of the body is somewhat larger than in a smooth run. The athlete should specifically shorten the last step, performing as it would be "Navel'''''' 'on the barrier, it also contributes to the rapid attack of the Machova. The run of the barrier between the barriers should be powerful and at the same time free, plastic, not fixed. The optimal combination of the rhythm of overcoming the barrier with the rhythm of the run between the barriers will allow the athlete to achieve high results.

After overcoming the last tenth barrier, the finishes phase begins. The technique of finishing in the barrier race is an active transition after overcoming the obstacle to the sleek fast sprinter beᴦ. The distance of 14 m to the finish line the barrier must overcome, emphasizing his attention at frequency and length of steps. It should not be too tilted forward, it will lead to a decrease in the frequency of movements and a decrease in the length of the step.

Master of Sports V. Balahnichev conducted a study and allocated three-style barriers movements on the technique: Machy, running and push.

High and rapid barriers perform the movement of the Machova's foot as actively as possible, which contributes to a relatively large and accented slope of the body in the attack phase. The wave leg at the time of intersection of the plane of the barrier is bent in the knee joint. This style was named makhov.

Athletes with optimal morphofunctional qualities perform less accented, more measured movement by the Machova. The mane foot is fully straightened by the moment when the athlete stop crosses the plane of the barrier. The slope of the body is more close to the running position than the athletes using a mane style. In general, the movement of the mask leg of the athlete externally looks like a natural continuation of the previous step of the inter-care run. This style of BIJ I is named by experts. begovy.

Runners with low morphological, but with high functional performance there are less than the external resistance of the movement of the Machov legs than the athletes of previous styles. The time of movement of the Machova's legs is more, in this regard, this movement they perform completely to the barrier - the mane leg is dispelled and fixed in this position. But due to the fact that the point of repulsion is relatively further from the barrier, they focus on the repulsion of the barrier.
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The slope of the body is slightly different from the running, the sock of the Machova is taken to themselves. This style is called toll.

Typically, a mahow style manifests itself in athletes with a speed of 100 m - 10.5 s and faster, with an increase in 187 cm and above. Running style is observed in athletes with an increase in 186 -177 cm at the same speed or athletes of higher growth and having a smaller speed of running. The push style is observed in athletes with an increase of 176 cm and below, but having a speed of up to 10.5 s per 100 m.

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences E. Razumovsky identified some parameters of the effectiveness of technology overcoming barriers in the run by m.

1. Forpace characteristics: distance from the barrier to the point of repulsion; distance from the barrier to the projection of the highest point of OCS; The distance from the barrier to the center of mass''sama remote'' 'part is the feet of the Machova (vertical); distance from the barrier to the landing site (when the barrier is gathering); The length of the barrier step; The distance from the top edge of the barrier to the center of mass''sama remote'' 'part is the feet of the Machova (horizontally).

2. Corner characteristics: angle of inclination of the torso with''TAKA'''' Barier; The angle of inclination of the body relative to the vertical in the position of the''New Barrier.

These indicators are most significant to effectively overcome obstacles and runs between barriers, in connection with this in training activities should be paid special attention to them.

Speaking about model representations of technology overcoming obstacles in the men's sprint with barriers and the characteristic features of the actions of qualified athletes, the most important methodological provisions can be distinguished:

1.''shag through the barrier''m should be optimally short.

2. Activity of the work of the Machova: Fast Movement, the maximum straightening in the knee joint to the barrier, the shin should follow the hip, and not vice versa.

3. The slope of the body when repulsing the barrier to ensure the effective attack of the barrier should be large compared to the usual sprinter run.

4. The highest trajectory of the OCS should be reached before the barrier, which will ensure the optimal execution of''shaga through the barrier and effective runs between barriers.

5. The greatest straightening of the mask leg in the knee joint. This provision must be mandatory to the barrier and accompanied at the next moment active, without delay, the beginning of lowering the foot per barrier.
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In the modern presentation of effective running equipment with barriers, this movement should begin with foot and legs.

6. The slope of the body at the time of the landing at the bottom of the barrier. To ensure an energetic run between barriers, it is extremely important to strictly hold this slope and in no case straightened.

Completely different configuration of the structure of leading factors in the female barrier run. Here are three parameters, mostly determining the efficiency of techniques to overcome obstacles:

distance from the point of repulsion to the barrier;

distance from the barrier to the landing site (per barrier);

the angle of repulsion when performing the first step in running between barriers.

Such a specificity of overcoming women's barriers testifies to the best compliance (from the position of the implementation of the motor potential) of the distance between the barriers (8.5 m) and morphofunctional indicators of barriers (manifested, in particular, in the distribution of the length of the beam steps between barriers).

On the basis of his studies, E. Razumovsky concludes that running quality (speed abilities) of athletes (high-speed abilities) of athletes have great importance in running on 100 m s / w, in the running of the barriers and the rhythm of the barrier run.

The technique of barrier running 100 m in women is mainly similar to the technique of barrier run in men, although there are some differences. Start and starting acceleration are performed in the same way, only women run to the first barrier for 8 cross-country steps. The last step in front of the barrier is also shortened. The height of the barriers in women is less, in connection with this to the barrier, they are suitable in a higher position. The slope of the body during the attack is smaller, although the movements of the legs and hands in the attacking position are the same as in men. The transition through the barrier depends on the growth of the athlete and its length but ᴦ. Repulsion to the barrier takes place for 190-195 cm before it. The landing for the barrier falls at a distance of 95 - 105 cm. When moving through the hip barrier, the jigsaw legs are less rented in the CT ORON. The rhythm of the transition through the barrier is based on the carrying of the jogging of it through it - this is the main element of the technique of overcoming barriers. Fast transfer of the push legs, approaching the time to transfer the foot in the running step of the sprinter run, is the basis of the technique of a female barrier run.

Rhythm running between barriers does not differ from the rhythm of the interfriement run in men. The first step is short, the second is more powerful and wide, the third is shorter than the second to speed up the step through the next barrier.

In running between barriers, it is extremely important to perform fast, squeezed movements bent in the elbow joints with their hands. All movements must accompany move forward. The slope of the body as in the sprint race, trying to highly hold the OCS. It should not be descended to the entire foot, run must be high and elastic.

After the last barrier barrier actively and quickly runs out the finishing segment (10.5 m), without reducing the speed in the last meters.

The shortened distance between barriers (8.5 m) and relatively low barriers (84 cm) allow athletes to develop a fairly high speed of running and give priority not to the technique of overcoming barriers, but by the manifestation of high-speed athletes.

Barrier running of 400 meters differs from the sprinter barrier run by the fact that an increased demands are presented to the athlete's body. The main parameters of the technique here * are rhythm and pace. Rhythm- defined alternation of cross-country steps. Pace- The speed with which the barrier runs down certain segments of the distance. Rhythm and tempo are closely related to each other, as well as with the technique of stating barriers.

In running to 400 m with barriers the most difficult cut - running on the turn. On direct segments of the distance, the technique of overpanding barriers is not different from ordinary equipment. Barriers at this distance below: Men - 91.4 cm; In women - 76.2 cm. The distance between the barriers is equally 35 m, and to the first barrier - 45 m.

It is necessary that the athletes overcome the barriers on the turn of the far from the break of the leg, i.e. right. This reduces the length of the run distance, as the athlete runs close in the brow. The torso, when running along the turn, bends left, the slope depends on the speed of running: the higher the speed, the greater the slope. The left leg stop at the formulation of a slightly unfolds outside, the stop of the right leg is inside. The right hand lengthens the movement forward-inside the turn and shortens back-out, the left hand lengthens the movement back - up the elbow and shortens ahead - to the left.

Approaching the barrier for 2 - 3 cross-country steps, you need to remove from the brow on 30 - 35 cm. At the moment of step through the barrier it is extremely important to keep the slope of the body to the left, sending it actively forward to the barrier.
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When gathering from the barrier, it is necessary to keep the slope of the body to the left - forward, without removing the shoulders back.

To achieve a high result, the rhythm of the run between the barriers and the number of steps between them have great importance. With a 15-step rhythm between barriers, the starting segment is usually overcome for 22 steps, with a 14-step rhythm - for 21 pitch, with a 13-step rhythm - for 20 steps. Highly qualified athletes usually retain their running rhythm throughout the distance. In women, the number of steps between barriers fluctuates from 15 to 17 cross-country steps. It is very difficult to keep the same number of steps in running between barriers, this is possible only with more steps. Usually, athletes begin running from 13 (men) and 15 (women) steps in the first segments, and then, as fatigue appears, go to another rhythm 14-15 and 16-17 steps, respectively. This change of the rhythm of steps requires the skill athletes to overcome barriers from any leg.

The finishing segment (40 m) is overcome with the full concentration of effort, with acceleration close to the sprint run.

The integral assessment of the effectiveness of the equipment of the barrier run is the difference between the time of overcoming the barrier and smooth distance. This is typical for the barrier run at 100 and 400 m in women and 400 meters in men, where the result is mainly affected by the speed abilities and manifestations of high-speed endurance. Other characteristics should also be included in the sample on M with barriers to assess the effectiveness of equipment.

Refaped running technique - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Refectory running technique" 2017, 2018.