Shoulder muscles. Round Pronator hurts to the functions of a round proper refers to finger bending

6244 0

At the forearm in the state of supination distinguish the front surface and the rear, medial - elbow edge, and the lateral - radial edge. The topographically of the forearm muscles are located on the front or on the back. Therefore, it allocate the front group of the muscles of the forearm and the rear group.

The proximal departments of the muscles of the forearm consist of fleshy parts, the distal departments towards the brush are moving into long tendons, as a result of which the forearm has a cone form.

The front group of the muscles of the forearm is composed of the surface layer and deep layer. The muscles of the surface layer originate in the field of medial shoulder brave. In their function, they are flexors and pronators. These include - round pronator (m. Pronator teres), radial brush bending (m. Flexor Carpi Radialis), long palm muscle (m. Palmaris Longus), elbow brush flexor (m. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris), surface flexor fingers (M . Flexor Digitorum Superfacialis).

The muscles of the deep layer begin with the lateral shoulder brave. In their function, they are extensors and supinators. These include - deep finger flexor (m. Flexor Digitorum profundus), long thumb (m. Flexor Pollicis Longus), Square Pronator (m. Pronator Quadratus).

Round Prone
M. PRONATOR TERES.

The shortest muscle of this layer. It begins with two heads: a larger head - from the medial shoulder immanener, the medial intertwine partition, a smaller head - from the jar of the elbow bone. Both heads converge into muscle belief, which is directed to the space from the inside of the dust and is attached to the middle third of the lateral surface of the radial bone.

Round Pronator (m. PRONATOR TERES) is presented in fig. one.

Function:

• flexing of the forearm in the elbow joint;
• pronation forearm.

Fig. 1. Round Pronator (m. Pronator Teres)

Radie flayer brushes
M. Flexor Carpi Radialis

Long and flat muscles located on the lateral side of the front surface of the forearm. Begins from the medial shoulder immanener, it is directed down and at the level of half of the forearm goes into a long tendon, which is attached to the base of the palm surface II of the Metal bone.

The radial brush flayer (m. Flexor Carpi Radialis) is presented in fig. 2.

Function:

• palm bending of the brush;
• pronation brush.

Fig. 2. Surface layer of forearm muscle group:

1 - radial brush bending (m. Flexor Carpi Radialis);

2 - long palm muscle (m. Palmaris Longus);

Long palm muscle
M. Palmaris Longus.

Lies medially the previous muscle. Takes the beginning of the shoulder medial supermarket, goes down, goes into wide palm aponeurosis.

Long palm muscle (m. Palmaris Longus) is represented in fig. 2.

Function:

• palm bending of the brush;
• tension of the palm aponeurosis.

Locks brush flexor
M. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

The muscle takes the most medial edge of the forearm. It consists of two heads: the shoulder - begins from the medial shoulder supermarket, and the elbise - starts from the elbow process and the upper two thirds of the elbow bone. The heads form a muscular abdomen, which goes down, goes into tendon and is attached to the hook-shaped bone and V of the Metal bone. Tender contains semensoid bone - a pea bone.

The elbow brush flexor (T. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris) is shown in Fig. 2.

Among the muscles of the forearm there are not only flexors and extensors, but also in connection with the opportunity to rotate the radial bone near the elbow, there are special muscles - Pronators and Supinators.

Muscles of the forearm (front group) (Fig. 189)

Round Pronator (m. Pronator Teres) begins with two heads: Caput Humerale - from the medial screwdriver and intertensive septal shoulder; Caput Ulnare - from elbow pugishness. There is an intertwine gap between the heads to pass N. Medianus. The muscle crosses the forearm diagonally from the medial side and is attached to the lateral edge of the middle part of the radial bone. Round Pronator medial edge limits the elbow yam. Front abdomen muscles covered with Lacertus Fibrosus with a shoulder muscles.

Innervation: n. Medianus (CVI-VII).

Function. The forearm penetrates, participates in the bending of the elbow joint.

Wrist beam flexor (m. Flexor Carpi Radialis) is slightly lower and closer to the medial edge of the forearm. It begins from the medial screwdriver and the medial intensured septal of the shoulder. Crosses diagonally all forearm in the direction of the elevation of the I finger. The muscle has a long subtle tendon starting from the level of the middle of the forearm. The tendon eats through the joints of the wrist, is attached to the palm surface of the base of the pinat bone.

Innervation: n. Medianus (CVI-VIII).

Function. Participates in the bending of the elbow and ray-taking joints, and the forearm may penetrate during the warmed asterior joint. With the simultaneous reduction in the long and short radiation extensors of the wrist, the brush is possible in the radial side.

189. Muscles and fascia of the right forearm (according to R. D. Sinelnikov).
1 - f. Antebrachii; 2 - m. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris; 3 - m. Palmaris Longus; 4 - m. Flexor Carpi Radialis; 5 - m. brachioradialis; 6 - m. PRONATOR TERES; 7 - m. Biceps Brachii.

Long palm muscle (m. Palmaris Longus) (Fig. 189) is located medially the previous one. Starts from the medial brachial bone superior. Thin muscular abdomen at the middle of the forearm goes into a thin long tendon, which passes on the palm on the surface of the Retinaculum Flexorum surface between the muscles of 1 and V fingers. On the palm surface, the tendon expands, forming a thin fibrous plate along the entire palm surface, called APNUROSIS Palmaris.

Innervation: n. Medianus (CVI-VIII-THI).

Function. Produces flexion in the elbow and ray-exclusive joints. Pulls out palm aponeurosis when collecting the fingers in the fist.

The elbow wrist flayer (m. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris) is the most extreme muscle on the medial edge of the forearm. Just like the round Pronator, has two heads: Caput Humerale begins from the medial screwdriver, Caput Ulnare - from the elbow process and the rear surface of the elbow bone. It is attached to the pea bone, from which the tendon continues to the hooked bone in the form of Lig. Pisohamatum and Lig. PisometaCarpeum to the V Miracle.

Attaching the tendon to the pea bone increases the moment of rotation of the muscle.

Innervation: n. Ulnaris (CVIII-THV).

Function. Produces flexion in the rays-up joint, with other muscles leads a brush. The elbow joint acts as a bender only after the joint is bent to 30-40 °, because in this case the place of starting the muscle is located ahead of the front axle.

The surface flexor of the fingers (m. Flexor Digitorum superficialis) lies under the muscles described above. The muscle begins with two heads: Caput Humeroulnare - from the medial shoulder brave and corn-free refrigerated bone outflow, Caput Radiale - from the front surface of the radial bone below attaching the two-headed shoulder muscles. At the level of the middle third of the forearm from the muscular abdomen begin four tendons that pass in Canalis Carpalis on the brush and end on the middle phalanx from the II to V fingers. At the level of the distal (nail) phalanx, the surface flexor tendon is split into two legs and covers the tendon of a deep bent (Fig. 190). Thus, the moment of rotation of the surface flexor of the fingers is increasing.

Innervation: n. Medianus (CVIII-THI).

190. Attaching the tendons of flexor and extensors of the fingers (according to R. D. Sinelnikov).
1 - m. Extensor Digitorum; 2 - m. interosseus; 1.3 - m. Lumbricalis I; 4 - CHIASMA TENDINEUM (m. Flexor Digitorum superficialis with m. Flexor Digitorum PROFUNDUS); 5 - TENDO M. Flexoris Digitorum PROFUNDI; 6 - APONEUROSIS DORSALIS; 7 - Vagina Fibrosa Digitorum Minus.

Function. Acts on the middle phalanx of the fingers, bending them in interphalating joints. With the disintegrated fingers, it can act as a bender in the rays-up joint. It also contributes to bending in the elbow joint.

191. Muscles of the right forearm (second layer).
1 - m. Flexor Digitorum PROFUNDUS; 2 - m. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris; 3 - m. Opponens Digiti Minimi; 4 - m. Adductor Pollicis; 5 - m. Flexor Pollicis Brevis; 6 - m. abductor pollicis brevis; 7 - m. PRONATOR QUADRATUS; 8 - m. Flexor Policis Longus; 9 - m. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus; 10 - m. supinator; 11 - m. Brachioradialis.

Deep finger flexor (m. Flexor Digitorum profundus) (Fig. 191) starts from the elbow bone and intersective membrane, covered with a surface flexor of the fingers. Four thin tendons, having passed on the brush through Canalis Carpalis, are attached to the base of the distal (nail) phalanx II-V fingers.

Innervation: n. Medianus, n. Ulnaris (CVI-THI).

Function. Flexing in interfalanglasses distal and middle phalanges from II to V finger. With the disintegrated fingers, it contributes to bending in the rays-up joint.

Long Finger Flexor (m. Flexor Pollicis Longus) begins on the radial bone below its bug, long tendon passes to the first finger through Canalis Carpalis. It is attached to the base of the second phalanx I finger.

Innervation: n. Medianus (CVIII).

Function. Flexing the interfalance joints I finger. Promotes flexion in an intercourse joint.

Square Pronator (m. Pronator Quadratus) - flat, thin quadrangular muscle plate, located on the distal part of the intercelter membrane of the bones of the forearm.

Innervation: n. Medianus (CVI-THI).

Function. Turns the radiation bone inside.

Start from the shoulder belt and shoulder, attach to the bones of the forearm.

1. Landing muscle group (flexors):

Two-headed shoulder muscle (produces bending in radiation and elbow joints, supinates the forearm.)

Shoulder muscle (bends forearm.)

Kryvumoid - shoulder muscle (attached to the shoulder bone) (bends his shoulder and pulls it to the middle plane.)

2. Idle muscle group (extensors):

Three-headed shoulder muscle (extension of the forearm in the elbow joint.)

Lock muscle (extension of the forearm in the elbow joint.)

Muscles of the forearm:

The muscles of the forearm surround the radiation and elbow bones from all sides, most refers to long muscles. Muscular abdomen of such muscles are proximal, long tendons - distally. Most of the flexors originates from the medial bracers of the shoulder bone, and most of the extensors are from the lateral brave bone peel. The muscles of the forearm are attached to the pysni bones and the phalanges of the fingers of the brush. Act on the beam-up, proximal and distal brave joint joints, the joints of the brush. Flex and extension wrist, fingers brush.

1. Landing muscle group (flexors and pronators):

Surface layer:

The shoulder muscle (bends the forearm and sets the radiation bone in the middle position between the pronation and supination.)

Round Pronator (impended forearm and participates in its flexion.)

Waste beam flexor (producing palm bending brushes.)

The elbow wrist flayer (bends and brings the brush.)

Long palm muscle (bends the brush, strains palm aponeurosis.)

Deep layer:

Surface Finger Finger (bends medium phalanges II-V fingers and brush.)

Long thumb refiner (bends distal phalanx of the thumb.)

Deep finger flexor (bends distal phalanges of fingers.)

Square Pronator (rotates the radial bone inside.)

2. Idle muscle group (extensors and supinators):

Surface layer:

Long radial wrist extension (extension and assigns a brush.)

Short radiation wrist extension (extension brush.)

Extension of fingers (extension of II-V fingers.)

Misina extension (extension v finger.)

The elbow wrist extension (extension and brush.)

Deep layer:

Supinator (rotates radial bone out.)

Long muscle, reducing thumb brush (removes thumb.)

Short brush's brush extension (extensions the thumb.)

Long extensor of a large finger brush (extensions the thumb.)

Extensor index finger (extension II finger.)

Brush muscles:

Muscle elevation of thumb (lateral group. Functions correspond to the name of the muscles.)

Short muscle reducing thumb brush

Brush short thumb twin

Muscle, opposing thumb brush

Muscle leading thumb brush

Muscle elevation muscles (medial group. Functions correspond to the name of the muscles.)

Muscle, reducing the little finger

Short flexor Mizinza

Muscle, opposing the little finger

Palm-powdered muscles (middle group. Functions: Draw-shaped flexing proximal phalanges II-V fingers; Palm intercosecross fingers; rear pushing fingers.)

Drawing muscles

Palm and rear intercellate muscles

Encyclopedia medicine

Anatomical atlas

Traffic forearms

The possibility of rotational movements of the forearm - Pronation and supination significantly expands the volume of movements and provides emergency

flexibility of the upper limb.

Terms "Pronation" and "Supination" have a specific attitude towards the movements of the forearm. Peeling the forearm is to turn the palm to the book (or back, if the hand is stretched along the body). Support forearm - it means to turn it up (forward).

Pronation and supination provide muscle contractions that carry out the rotation of the radial bone around relatively fixed elbow bones, while the upper and lower ends of the bones perform in the role of rotation points.

Muscles-Propators

■ Round Pronator. The muscle is located on the front surface of the bones of the forearm and performs the function of pronation and bending in the elbow joint. Begins two heads

from the coronary process of the elbow bone and the medial supervision of the shoulder bone (the bone protrusion on the inside of the elbow). Direct the book and the dust to the middle of the outer edge of the radial bone, where it has the maximum effect on the bone.

■ Square Pronator. A small muscle connecting the lower sections of the radiation and elbow bones. Along

with the participation of the forearm, together with the inter-emergency membrane, performs an auxiliary function of holding bones in a close relationship.

Supposition (turning turning up) Pronation (turning palm down)

Lateral superchalter

Place beginning

supinator.

Radius

Located with the elbow bone by means of a square pronator and inter-emergency membrane (not shown).

Medial Lateral Superself Machine

Bone protrusion on the outside of the elbow joint.

Supinator

Lies behind the bones of the forearm right under the elbow joint.

Round Prone

Participates in the pronation of forearm and bending a hand in the elbow joint.

Elbow bone

The main stabilizing bone of the forearm.

Square Prology

Connects the lower sections of radiation and elbow bones while holding them in close relationship, and also participates in the forearm.

Medical superchalter

attachments

round

pronator.

Radius

Rates around relatively fixed elbow bones.

Muscles involved in the rotation of the forearm

Supposition of the forearm

Pronation forearm

Brachial bone

Radius

Elbow bone

Radius

The muscles carrying out the pronation and supinal of the forearm lie in deep muscle layers under the muscles responsible for the movements of the brush and fingers. The muscles providing the supinal of the forearm include:

■ Supporter. The muscle lies deep on the back surface of the forearm directly under the elbow. It originates from the outer edge of the elbow joint and elevation of the bone body - the crest of the supinator. Then goes

< Если предплечье пронирова-но, то есть ладонь обращена вниз, супинация достигается сокращением глубоких мышц, которые поворачивают лучевую кость вокруг локтевой.

book, shutting down through the outer edge of the radial bone, and is attached on the upper third of her body.

■ Blood muscle shoulder. The main function of this powerful muscle is bending hands

in the elbow. However, it also participates in the suspension of the forearm, if necessary, more effort, for example, when twisting the screw.

■ Shoulder muscle.

Starting from the shoulder bone above the elbow joint, it takes down to the outer surface of the lower end of the radial bone. When it is reduced, it takes off the forearm in the intermediate position between the pronation and supination.

(CH) in the upper third of the forearm in the fibrous muscular channel formed by the elbow and shoulder heads of the KP due to compression and (or) releasing, as well as disorders of the SH. Dynamic tunnel syndrome It is a subtype of a CP tunnel syndrome, in which symptoms are usually carried out by physical activity or a certain limb position ([ !!! ] The symptoms of the Tunnel CP syndrome subscribe to the termination of the provoking factor and return when repetition of movements; Neurological examination and study of nervous conductivity, made alone, usually do not reveal changes).

Etiology. The KP syndrome is often developing after a repeated forced pronation-supination of the forearm and brush, and the simultaneous compression of the fingers into the fist, for example, when using a screwdriver, when squeezing linen, etc., with professional activities of a massage therapist, a manual therapist, a dentist, guitarist, etc. . As a result, swelling begins in the tissues of KP, fibrous spikes are formed, the CH can be laundered with the surrounding tissues; In this case, the CP is fixed between the abdomen of the KP. Permanent jads distal than the place of fixation of the CN in the daily movements of the brush and hands as a whole can lead to an irritation of CH.

Muscle Round Pronator forearm (Musculus Pronator Teres) - the most proximal muscle, innervated CN (action of KP: the main forearm pronator). The branches of this muscle are departed from CH at the bottom of the shoulder until the CP is passing between the two heads of the KP. In it (i.e., two heads are distinguished in the KP muscle): [ 1 ] Big brachial head (lat. Caput Humerale), which begins from the medial brachial bone, medial intertwine shoulder septum and forearm fascia, and [ 2 ] A smaller elbow head (lat. Caput Ulnare), which is under it and originating from the medial edge of the bone bones. Both heads form a somewhat flattened front of the abdomen, which goes into a narrow tendon. The muscle is located space from the inside of the dust and is attached to the middle third of the lateral surface of the radial bone body. CH passes between two heads of KP; In this case, the elbow head turns out behind the nerve, and the shoulder - above it. Some people passes through the brachial head.

read also Article: Four tunnels for median nerve (to the website)

Clinic. For KP syndrome, pain in forearm and hyptestesia, not paresthesia. The pain syndrome is due to both compression and muscular-fascial pain syndrome due to the presence of muscular-fascial trigger points. In KP, trigger points are most often localized in the place of attachment of the shoulder head somewhat higher and the lancer with the medial brave bone. When a palpation of this zone, the pain is reflected in the area of \u200b\u200bthe elbow joint, distally in the radial side of the forearm and brushes, and in some patients - proximally into the biceps area. Neuropathic pain from the trunk of CH is usually a blunt, mining, croaking character, is felt in the depths of the forearm, the field of the Tenar, as well as in the field of ray-taking joint. Palpator pain in the field of the Tenar is enhanced with the active predication of the forearm with the resistance and with the passive maximum supination of the forearm.

Sensitive disorders in patients with KP syndrome spread to the entire SH innervation zone, including on the Tenar region, in contrast to compression in the aggregate channel region, when sensitive disorders are determined only in distal phalanges of large, index, middle and half of the nameless fingers, but Not in the field of the Tenar. This is due to the fact that CH before entering the brush area gives a sensitive branch - the palm skin branch, which goes in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cuptum channel surface (or more precisely - outside the channel) and branches over the proximal part of the radius half of the palm, especially in the Tenar region (however it follows Remember that the symptoms of KP syndrome can begin with end nerve fibers on the fingers, which can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of a custod canal syndrome).

When damaged (compression or extracting) CH at the KP level during manual muscle testing, the functional weakness of all muscles, innervated CH, is determined, with the exception of the KP itself. All muscles, innervored CN, can be divided into three groups: [ 1 ] Muscles innervated by general sh. Before it leaves the front intercourse nerve (round forearm proner, radiation bent brush, long palm muscle, surface flexor fingers); [ 2 ] Muscles innervated by the front intercellate nerve (deep finger flexor for the second and third fingers, a long thumb shinker, a square pronator); [ 3 ] Muscles of the rise of thumb (tensar muscles), innervated by the middle nerve after passing the crank canal (short muscle, reducing thumb, a short thumb twin, muscle, opposing thumb) ...

… more details The article "Dynamic Tunnel Round Pronator Syndrome: Manual Diagnostics and Treatment" A.V. Stefanidi, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - branch of FSBEA DPO "Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Vocational Education" (Magazine "Manual Therapy" No. 1 (65), 2017) [Read]

read also Article: Dynamic Clay Channel Syndrome and Load Computer Mouse Test (to the website)

© Laesus de Liro

Dear authors of scientific materials that I use in my posts! If you see a violation of the "Law of the Russian Federation on Copyright" or wish to see the presentation of your material in another form (or in another context), then write to me in this case (on the postal address: [Email Protected] ) And I immediately eliminate all violations and inaccuracies. But since my blog has no commercial purpose (and the foundations) [personally for me], and it carries a purely educational goal (and, as a rule, always has an active reference to the author and its scientific work), so I would be grateful to you for the chance Make some exceptions for my messages (contrary to the legal standards). Sincerely, Laesus de Liro.

Posts from this journal by "Marred nerve" Tag

• Captive Channel Syndrome

• Defeat of the peripheral nervous system with rheumatoid arthritis

  According to Sakovets T.G., Bogdanova E.I. (FGBOU to Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia, 2017): "... rheumatoid ...

• Tunnel Channel Channel Syndrome

  classification and diagnostics Post updated and "moved" 13.11. 2018 to the new address [Go]. © Laesus de Liro

• 
  Dynamic Clay Channel Syndrome and Load Computer Mouse Test

  The dynamic casal syndrome is a subtype of a cpalar tunnel syndrome, in which the symptoms are usually provoked ...

• 
  Non-perfume traction bone (clinical aspects)

  Definition. In modern anatomical terminology, the supermarket process is indicated by the Latin equivalent of Processus Suppracondylaris. It…