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The impact of mechanical factors. PEG MGF: Application in Sport Mechanical growth factor and steroids

Elements
22.05.2021

Mechano Growth Factor or MGF) is one of the forms of insulin-like growth factor. The power training, being a direct physical impact on the muscles, causes a mechanical growth factor in the body athlete. In addition to physical work, it is also caused by the production of a mechanical growth factor increasing body temperature due to active heat generation, oxidative processes in the body and the reception of anabolic preparations.

The pharmacological form MGF is a liquid for subcutaneous injection. In a preparation containing the IHF, the mechanical growth factor is present in the form of a compound with a polyethylene glycol. The need to unite these substances is caused by extremely fast destruction in the body of pure MGF. Molecule of polyethylene glycol, binding to a mechanical growth factor, does not prevent him from exercising biological activity, but protects it from destruction.

Mechanical growth factor

Finding into the blood, the mechanical growth factor stimulates the increase in the number of myoblasts (dormant muscle cells), which leads to muscular growth and reduce the time to restore after training. The action of the IFRM is similar to the impact of growth hormone, and it differs in the fact that it is also not able to affect the cartilage and bone tissue, causing her growth. The process of combining a mechanical growth factor with a polyethylene glycol is called pegylation, so all forms of the drug MGF are called PEG MGF. The influence of the IFR on the body was carefully studied in experiments with mice and on the cell model in vitro.

The use of IHF in bodybuilding

Due to the ability of the drug to accelerate the growth of muscle tissue, PEG MGF peptides are a common anabolic tool, but soon predicts the reduction in their use in competitive sport, as it is foreseen for fast detection on doping control.

To enter subcutaneously, the drug must be 2-3 times a week, while it is able to maintain a high concentration in the blood over a long period. High bioavailability also speaks in favor of a pegylated mechanical growth factor. Inside the MGF is not taken, because of its ability to collapse in the digestive system.

MGF impact effects on muscles:

  • Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscle tissue, together with the increasing endurance of the muscles.
  • Reducing the fat layer.
  • Improving relief and venosity.
  • An increase in the number of blood vessels in the tissues.
  • Acceleration of recovery.
  • Improved immunity.
  • Reduced in the blood of low density lipoproteins (cholesterol).
  • The elasticity of the skin increases.
  • Positive affects the heart.

How to take PEG MGF

Sufficiently extensive experience in the use of peptide athletes-professionals allowed to identify the optimal course of reception. The following scheme describes how to take PEG MGF.


The non-registered form of a mechanical growth factor is not applied due to inefficiency. After the rest within 3 weeks you can repeat the course, the drug with the same force will help to increase the sporting results.

Side Effects Peptide MGF

In the process of research in the laboratory and thanks to extensive experience in practice, the following side effects from PEG MGF peptides were revealed:

  • Cardigreed care.
  • Itching and swelling the injection site.
  • Tingling in the limbs.
  • Deterioration of mineral suction.
  • Possible nasal bleeding.

Billets, collapsing structures, sharp edges, bursavar, roughness on the surface of any billets, lifting and transport equipment, drop items from height. These hazardous sources include corrosion of metals, weakening structural strengths, improper exploitation under pressure, vessels, a possible drop on slippery surfaces, etc. The most characteristic are risks, burstles, protrusions on rotating mechanisms and tools.

They are most often located in such places:

  1. In place operation. This is the point in which the material is performed on the material of such work as cutting, forming, stamping, drilling, formation of blanks, etc.;
  2. In any components of the mechanical system that transmit energy to the machine or its parts performing work. It can be flywheels, pulleys, belts, coupling, chains, gears, spindles, etc.;
  3. Moving parts of machines in the process of its work.

In principle, the types of mechanical movement and actions have a huge amount and large variety, and they can all represent a serious danger to working. Any mechanical movement can hit, push or have another dynamic impact, so the first step to protection against danger is to understand this. In addition to the main sources of mechanical impact there are other reasons.

These include:

  1. Slippery floor. Especially if the oil is bottled, leaving the equipment;
  2. Unstable, the oscillating base on which a person stands, performing one work. Falling from height can lead to irreparable consequences;
  3. Moving in the working area technological transport - trolleys, loaders, electrocars;
  4. Human hit in the area of \u200b\u200baction of industrial robots and manipulators.

If there is a danger of mechanical injury, it is definitely, there are also ways to protect:

  1. Inaccessibility of dangerous objects for a person;
  2. Use protecting human devices;
  3. Use of personal protective equipment.

Note 2.

For this particular equipment and tools, there are special production requirements and restrictions that promote employee protection. Requirements and restrictions proceed from the type of work, the form of the processed material, the processing method, the location of the working area. Most often, protective, safety, brake devices are used to protect. Automatic control and alarm devices, remote control, also apply.

Mechanical injury

Definition 1.

Injury It is called an external impact on the body leading to any damage.

Injuries can be different:

  1. Mechanical - bruised, blow;
  2. Thermal - cold and warm;
  3. Electrical;
  4. Chemical;
  5. Injuries caused by x-ray rays;
  6. Mental - fright, shock, etc.

In a narrow sense, this term is usually used to designate mechanical damage. Mechanical damage can be obtained as a result of the injury, injury, applying to any subject - stupid, sharp, firearms, etc.

Consequence mechanical impact It is a stretching, squeezing, injury, scramble of fabrics, damage to vessels, damage to nerve endings, etc. Traumatic damage can be both open and closed. With closed damage, the integrity of the skin is not disturbed, open damage, it is clear, have these disorders - torn, cutting wounds, open fractures of bones, etc.

Characteristic sign of injury is an owliness. The microbes can easily get into the damaged surface fabric and cause an inflammatory process in deeper tissues. Very often there may be a severe condition of the body, if traumatic damage is significant, for example, wound in the stomach, in the chest, damage to the limbs. This serious condition got a name traumatic shockCharacteristic signs of which are:

  1. At the initial stage, the pulse occurs;
  2. Breathing;
  3. An increase in blood pressure;
  4. In the blood, the content of sugar and adrenaline increases;
  5. At the next stage there is a decrease in blood pressure;
  6. The number of circulating blood decreases;
  7. The body temperature decreases;
  8. Reflex activity is weakened;
  9. There is indifference to others;
  10. There is a decrease in alkaline blood reserves;
  11. The threshold of pain sensitivity is reduced;
  12. Alkaline reserves of blood decrease;
  13. There is a decrease in electrophysiological activity;
  14. Lowering the excitability of the cortex of large hemispheres of the brain and vegetative centers.

Shock can be primary And at the time of injury or shortly after it. Secondary or late shok occurs at $ 4 $ - $ 6 $ 2 after injury.

Note 3.

Thus, a short period of excitation at traumatic shock ends with a sharp oppression of the basic physiological functions of the body.

Production injury

Definition 2.

An accident in production can lead to sudden damage to the body and the loss of human disability. Production related repeating accidents are called " industrial injuries».

The following production injuries distinguish:

  1. Mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical - type of exposure;
  2. Individual, group from $ 2 $ to $ 15 $ and more people - the number of injured;
  3. Injuries are incompatible with life, with disabilities, with long-term treatment - severity;
  4. Injuries of medium severity - rehabilitation from $ 3 $ to $ 30 $ days;
  5. Light injuries - disability during $ 3 $-day.

Production statistics shows that the injuries are most often characteristic:

  1. For head, face, neck - $ 17.8 $%;
  2. For the body - $ 15.0 $%;
  3. Upper limbs - $ 28.7 $%;
  4. Lower limbs - $ 38.5 $%.

On external injury factors:

  1. Mechanical impact - $ 92.5 $%;
  2. Burns from thermal exposure - $ 6.5 $%;
  3. Chemical poisoning and burns - $ 0.47 $%;
  4. Burns from electric and electric electric equipment - $ 0.28 $%;
  5. Gas poisoning - $ 0.25 $%.

From the given data it is clearly seen that the main production injuries are mechanical Injuries.

All production injuries are classified by types of traumatic factors:

  1. The cause of injury;
  2. What type of work contributed to injury;
  3. What was the source of injury and others.

General reasons for industrial injuries:

  1. Disadvantages in the designs of machines, equipment, mechanisms, etc.;
  2. Malfunctions of technological equipment, transport machines;
  3. Lack of protection of working bodies and programs;
  4. Improper technical condition of buildings, structures, communications, engineering networks;
  5. Weak technological discipline;
  6. Non-compliance with the rules of traffic of vehicles, both through the territory of the enterprise and inside the buildings;
  7. A weak organization of work;
  8. Unsatisfactory content of jobs, non-compliance with the rules for the safety of work;
  9. Non-compliance with safety regulations;
  10. Failure to comply with job lighting requirements;
  11. Non-use of personal protective equipment;
  12. The use of workers is not a specialty;
  13. Insufficient training of workers in safe techniques of labor;
  14. Insufficient instruction.

Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) or a mechanical growth factor is one of the options for modifications of an insulin-like growth factor. The development of this hormone occurs mainly during physical activity or during muscle damage, since its main task is restoration.

Structure and impact on the body

The IFR in his education takes three links:

  • Education in the hypophism of growth hormone;
  • Synthesis of gr in the liver IFR-1 (insulin-like growth factor);
  • Synthesis of MFR in muscles.

As you can see, the mechanical growth factor is a local hormone (that is, it is formed in a certain part of the body and only acts on it). The powerful production of this hormone occurs when the muscles, overloads, and during the recovery period. In general, IFR is an essential part of this recovery - it activates regeneration and controls muscle growth through the acceleration of the synthesis of myoblasts (sprout muscle cells). Mostly, this MGF activates the growth of sleeping myoblasts, and the lack of this hormone is the cause of muscle contractions in people suffering from dystrophy.

Thanks to the powerful anabolic properties of the IFR, it was actively used with sports and medicine. Initially, it began to be inhibited in its pure form, but after a couple of seconds, the hormone disintegrates and, accordingly, did not bring any benefit. Another problem is that the process of developing our body of this hormone occurs continuously, and therefore the concentration is constantly at a high level. So, to make injections of pure IFR, you would have every half hour. Of course, it is not necessary for anyone. Scientists have found a way out of these problems - pegylation - MFR molecule is combined with a polyethylene glycol molecule, which does not give the substance to decay. That is why now on sale you can find only Peg-MGF.

Pegylation made a hormone more stable and together with these did not violate its properties. The pegiling process involves the creation of a protein with an artificial binding, which is inert and does not bind to other substances in your body. It serves as simple protection for the MFR molecule, and after being removed from the urine, but thanks to it, the hormone gets the opportunity to act in the body much longer - you can make injections only 3-4 times a week instead of every 30 minutes.

Application of IFRs in sports

To date, MGF is actively used by athletes in the West to speed up muscle growth (but it is worth noting that the hormone still passes clinical trials). Since there are no full-fledged scientific developments, the method of admission was formed by the method of trial and errors and looks like this:

  • Dosage: 1000-4000 μg per week. In non-training days you can enter injections both intramuscularly and subcutaneously;
  • Dosage: 1000 μg 4-7 times a week before each workout.

Which of these methods is better, it is difficult to judge, but it is better to adhere to the first classic scheme.

As for the effects of IFR, in terms of anabolism, he also showed itself even better than the IFR - cross-section of muscles at 1 injection per week for 3 weeks increased by 25% (in comparison with IFR - 15%). It was also noted that this hormone is more effective for young people, with age, the sensitivity to it falls.

IFR effects:

  • Hyperplasia and muscle hypertrophy;
  • Reducing the fat layer by 5-6%;
  • Increasing endurance;
  • Improving venation and education of new vessels in the muscles and bones;
  • Improving immunity and acceleration of recovery;
  • Protection of the nervous system and improving the appearance of the skin.

Overall to talk about the side effects of this drug so far, since research has not yet been completed. So far only aware of the possibility of myocardial hypertrophy (IFR has simultaneously performed the protective function of the heart without loads, but during loads damaged it), and the participation of the IFR in the development of prostate cancer in men.

In general, MGF is a very promising hormone in sports on a row with IFR and growth hormone. So far there are no full-fledged research, it is better to adhere to the classic admission scheme that has already been tested and worked out.

The newest laboratory techniques for determining the level of hormones changed the views of scientists. By definition, the hormone is a substance synthesized by a specific organ of the endocrine system (iron of internal secretion) and produced into general blood flow from which it is transported to almost all human bodies and stimulates a special physiological response. To date, it has already become known that hormones or growth factors can be synthesized in tissues themselves, and some of them can have autocrine and paracryne effect. For example, you can select the IFR-1 system - a group of various IFR-1 isoforms, which are different by the degree of exposure to bioactivity. IFR-1 products - substances obtained through an alternative synthesis of the IFR-1 gene expressed under the action of a stimulating factor. At the moment, decryption of the chain of human DNA was already carried out, as a result of which it was revealed that it includes in its composition of 40 thousand diverse genes. At the same time, scientists found that in order to maintain such a phenotype, some genes need to produce certain types of proteins that are formed during an alternative synthesis of matrix RNA. The gene of an insulins-like growth factor (IFR), apparently, is formed from a gene responsible for insulin production. A similar gene, in addition to vertebrate animals and a person, also identified in the body of nematodes (primary worms). Throughout evolution, the highest organisms were duplicated genes, of which the genes of the IFR and insulin systems were formed. The study of nematodes revealed that insulin protein generated initially as a result of evolution slows down the process of activation of apoptosis and an order of magnitude increases the duration of the nematode life. Such a regulation mechanism is quite multifaceted, since during the transcription of the IFR gene with an alternative synthesis, in most cases various matrix RNA are formed and, therefore, a variety of proteins with a certain bioactivity are formed.

IFR-1 (initially it was called somatomatin) was considered in the form of a systematic FR, synthesized in the tissues of the liver under the action of somatotropin. Subsequently, it became known that the IFR-1 is localized in many organs and has several molecular isoforms with different impact on the body.

Somatotropin-IFR-1 system

The theory of the origin of Somomatedina was born in the mid-50s of the last century and was the result of an explanation of the processes of regulating cell growth with a somatotropin produced by the pituitary. Specialists suggested that somatotropin affects the growth of organs and tissues (which is the target) indirectly, thereby being an intermediary in system growth processes. In the future, somatomedin was given, which reflected the stimulating effect of intermediary substances for mitogenic processes, and later these substances began to wear the name "Insulin-like growth factors" or IFR. At the same time, already in the mid-1980s, the researchers team proposed the "theory of double influence", in accordance with which somatotropin was affected directly to the peripheral fabric without the help of the IFR-1, but in addition also had a stimulating effect on the Local Products of the IFR-1. To date, it became known that the fundamental function of the somatotropic hormone is the stimulating effect on the production of IFR-1 liver, with all this, somatotropin contributes to the formation of a triple relationship with the IFR, which maintains the sustainable state of the IFR-1 in the blood. Fully triple bond is formed from IFR-1, IFR-binding protein - IGFBP-3 and acid subunit ALS. The production of somatotropin is carried out by somatotropic adenogi disease tissues, the secretion process itself occurs waving. Endogenous effect on the peripheral tissue consists in stimulating anabolic response effect, as well as in stimulation of protein synthesis, the growth of connective tissue, metabolic processes and lipolysis processes. It can be assumed that the increase in the concentration of growth hormone concentration directly affects most of the cell growth processes.

Undoubtedly, the functionality of the somatotropin-IFR-1 system is necessary for the growth of the body in the postnatal period, with the maximum importance of the Somatotropin-IFR-1 system acquires in a publity. Along with this, over time there is a further decrease in the IFR-1 and somatotropin in the blood, and this decrease occurs to extremely maximum digits, especially the elderly (serious somatotropin deficiency). The dependence of age-related changes in the somatotropin-IFR-1 system and reduce the power indicators, as well as muscle atrophy, scientists began to study more carefully. In young people with a low concentration of somatotropic hormone, the use of artificial somatotropin led muscle hypertrophy and improving their functional abilities. In other studies with the participation of people of the middle age group with a low level of somatotropic hormone in the blood, over the course of several months, the subjects underwent hormone therapy using artificial human somatotropin. In the course of the experiment, in addition to the growth of muscle fibers and the power indicators, there was also a decrease in the size of the fat layer. The results of this study were a reason for the complete belief that treatment using artificial growth hormone can be useful for elderly people with a low level of somatotropin. At the same time, clinical trials focused on the study of the general effects of the use of a somatotropic hormone and exercise in people of mature age, found that the synthesis of protein synthesis during the conduct of force training did not change when using artificial somatotropin. In addition, the elderly people also noted hyperrophy of muscle fibers and improving muscle functionality, which had similar character with changes from other participants. It is necessary to mention that in the course of research using artificial growth hormone, it seems, an isoform that has a mass of 22 kilodalton, which is also the main form of hormone in the blood. At the same time, the other forms of somatotropin in the amount of more than one hundred species were also determined in the blood (at the moment, their influence on the body was not studied). The functions of somatotropin and the IFR-1 in the body, namely the adaptive abilities of muscle fibers to the loads in the older and old age, are not clearly understood. It is likely that the significance of general growth factors against muscular volumes is not at all significantly. For example, one of the studies showed that muscle fibers of mice with resection of the pituitary gland, when exposed to loads were hypertrophy, despite a significant reduction in the overall level of IFR-1. These data, along with conventional laboratory observations, indicate that growth occurred only in the muscular group, which was subjected to loads, which in turn shows the important function of the local mechanisms for the production of IFR-1 in relation to the growth of muscle tissue adaptation.

Expression of genes
IFR-1 in muscles

Muscular tissue can be stimulated by rapid growth during the impact on it physical exertion; Elektimulation of stretched muscle fibers lengthens the muscles by adding new sarcomers. These methods, along with the use of PCR (PCR - polymerase chain reaction) and the use of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, found 2 diverse matrix RNAs, and their further cloning together with the definition of the nucleotide sequence helped identify these elements as the transcription of the IFR-1 genes, Educated through alternative synthesis. One of these products - the IFR-1-IEA was also identified in the muscles in calm state and is conjugate with a transcript expressed in the liver. Another product that is not defined in the muscles in calm state is the IFR-IEB.

The use of standard terms used in the process of laboratory study of the IPR-1 in the liver tissues, for the remaining tissues is quite problematic, therefore the form of the IFR-1, which was found in muscle fibers, began to be called a mechanical growth factor - MFP (since its stimulation is due to mechanical incentive). From a simple IFR-1, which is synthesized by the liver, this type will differ in its sequence of amino acid residues at the C-terminus of the protein. Additional difficulties are associated with the fact that the IFRM is capable of identifying as an IFR-LB in rats and IFR-LC in humans. In human muscles, auxiliary transcript is also localized, called IFR-LB, other than rat IFR. Therefore, it is obvious that despite some similarity of the forms of IFR-1, expressed in muscle tissue, and the forms of IFR-1, synthesized by the liver, they must be classified by separately.

Detailed description
mechanical growth factor

In addition to the relationship of the degree of expression of the IFR from the activity of muscle tissue, it was found that the E-element of the IFR also has an insert changing the reading frame. Amino acids are coded by bonds of nucleotide residues and, accordingly, each insert, which in length is not divided without a residue by 3, is able to change the encoding element behind it. In mice, the insert was revealed, in length equal to 104th pair nucleotides, in the human body, the insert consists of 98 pair nucleotides. Such differences have functional features, since a compound at the 3rd end of the matrix RNA encodes a variety of peptide formations at the C-terminus of the protein, which is responsible for identifying the molecule that are necessary for binding to proteins. In addition, when considering IFR, the formation on the carboxyl "C-terminus" protein (coding 5-6 exons) also affects, as well as other factors combined with peptides binding to the IFR-1 receptors (encoding 3-4 exons). It has been established that a separate E-element may stimulate mitosis of myoblasts, which will eventually lead to the activation of stem and myocytes involved in the growth and regeneration of Miofibrils. IFR is not exposed to glycosylation, in addition, there are also information that in an unbound form, that is, in addition to the formation of proteins with proteins, the duration of the life of the IFR is extremely small, due to this MFR can be considered as an autocrine or paracryn or a local growth factor synthesized by peripheral tissues in The response to the mechanical stimulation and affecting the muscular fabric, where the IFR and stands out. Based on the above, the IFR may be a signal protein that has an important value in the local modulation of growth of muscle fibers.

The ability of working muscles
produce IFR-1

As mentioned earlier, the IFR-IEA is produced in transverse muscles, as well as in some other tissues. According to the sequence of amino acids, the IFR-IEA is similar to the main isoform synthesized by the liver, which makes it possible to assume the ability of the overall impact on the entire body. Along with this, the muscle tissue shows expression, mainly 2 binding proteins of the IFR-1 isoform, amplifying under the influence of physical exertion. If the IFR-IEA, which is synthesized in the muscles, forms connections with proteins in the extracellular space, then in this case, most likely, it is possible to expect its greater effect when exposed to working muscles in which the IFR has been produced, in other words, this type of IFR has Parakrin and autocreen effects.

In addition to the differences in the structure of the carboxyl end, the IFR has some differences from the IFR-IEA according to the degree of expression. It was revealed that rodents in response to the power load The process of expression of matrix RNA at MFR is carried out before the expression of matrix RNA at the IFR-IEA. The results of this experiment may also be confirmed in the fact that in rodents after microtraumummic muscle fibers, the wave-like type of IFR production is observed within a few days, along with the fact that the high speed of the expression of the IFR-IEA, the growth of which is noted after decreasing the concentration of IFR, is supported for a long time.

Variations of IFR-1
in man muscles

During the clinical trials with the participation of men who were first called upon to the service in the army, after a week intense physical exertion (march-throws, running with obstacles, etc.) in conscripts, an increase in the level of immunoreactive IFR-1 in muscle tissue was found. In other studies with the participation of people of the older age category after the completion of the training plan, the duration of about 3 months, with the help of the method of immunohistochemical research in the muscles of the legs, an increase in the concentration of IFR-1 5 times was recorded. The power work was to conduct 3 sets of 8 repetitions in the exercises on the muscles of the legs (quadriceps and thigh flexors) with the intensity of loads 75% of one repeated maximum three times a week. In all likelihood, such a training plan when working muscle groups overcome high-intensity load, contributes to their increase in volumes. At the same time, the study of some variations of the IFR-1 was not noted. Not so long ago, using a quantitative analysis by PCR, an indicator of the number of IFR and IFR-IEA was recorded (150 minutes later) after one exercise on the muscles of the front surface of the thigh (quadriceps). In this test, the participants performed 10 exercises with the 6th repetitions in each, with the same intensity (75%). In people of young age, after the impact of training loads, an increase in the number of matrix RNA at the IFR was noted, while the participants of an older group of any changes in the concentration of RNA did not detect. In addition, in the same studies, changes in the number of matrix RNA at the IFR-IEA are not detected. The information obtained is of particular interest in the fact that they are fully agreed with the final data of studies with the participation of animals, where an increase in the concentration of IFRM has been recorded before changing the IFR-IEA, which indicates the different regulatory ability of the hormone forms. Experts also did not establish the relationship with the presence of different miseosic isoforms in the structure of muscle tissue, with all this, it should also be noted that one of the subjects with a large number of IFRs in muscle tissue was produced mainly, the form of the Miosin-IIX chain form. Training with loads includes concentric and eccentric execution elements. It turned out that the number of matrix RNA of the IFR-1 in muscle tissue after two days after one approach of eccentric exercise increases. Additional studies were conducted in which an increase in the concentration of IFR was also detected during training on a cyergometer (in an eccentric style). These classes with a duration of 60 minutes included the breaking of pedals with a gradually increasing load - for an hour the load increased from 50 to 75% of the maximum oxygen consumption. It is likely that in the above study, specialists also recorded the overall growth of the level of IFR-IEA, and not the IFR.

Contrary to the fact that the main function of mechanical activity in the settlement of the local concentration of the expression of the IFR-1 was reliable confirmed, the question of the availability of any other regulatory mechanisms relative to other hormones (in particular, somatotropin) is not found out. The presence of regulatory ability can be said according to the results of one of the latest studies, which studied the use of artificial growth hormone during power training in the elderly people. The tests at the age of 73-75 were engaged in fulfilling the power program of training using placebo drugs or artificial growth hormone, as well as using the latter without training. The power program consisted of three exercises on his feet: bench press in a simulator, extension and bending of the legs. Training was carried out in a day included 4 approaches and 10 repetitions in each approach and in each exercise. In people who use only an artificial growth hormone, a month after the start of the course of any changes in the matrix RNA indicators in the IFRM, but the concentration of matrix RNA in the IFR-IEA increased by 3.4 times from the initial values. The participants who performed exercises for one month (those who were injected-placebo were introduced), on the contrary, a significant increase in MFP generation was 2.6 times, and the IFR-IEA was only 1.7 times, in comparison with normal indicators. In addition, when using artificial somatotropin, together with the training effect, the growth of the concentration of IFR was highest - by 5.6 times from the entry level. The results obtained give the right to assume that the use of an artificial somatotropic hormone contributes to the stimulation of the transcription processes of the IFR-1 genes, regardless of the degree of production leading to the emergence of the initial forms of IFR-1. In the absence of training stress in the synthesis process, mainly the Form of the IFR-IEA is formed, in parallel with this, after the effect of physical exertion, the final result of the synthesis leads to the formation of the IFR.

In addition, in this experiment, an additional form of a matrix RNA of the IFR-1 - IFR-IEB was identified and cloned. What functions this variation is performed by the IFR is not known.

Structure of IFR-1

The IFR-1 proteins consist of a single peptide chain with a complex structure that includes about 70 amino acids. The structure of this chain is formed through an alternative synthesis of the Matrix RNA of the IFR-1 gene, however, it may subsequently subjected to extracting transformations (as well as the insulin structure). The initial structure of the IFR-1 has some similarity with Prosulin (most of their peptide chain is homologous), also contains an in-element in its structure, which is isolated from a-element due to the presence of a C-element between the elements A and B. At the same time, compared with the prosusulin, the peptide chain of the IFR-1 has a large length due to the new elements located on it (the carboxyl end contains D- and E-elements).

The tertiary structure of the IFR-1 was initially represented as a computer model. Despite the fact that the 3D model of insulin was taken as the basis, which was built taking into account the x-ray analysis. As mentioned above, the IFR-1 has a longer structure in contrast to insulin, with all the time their receptors have similar degrees of affinity and can be used as a model for creating structures of other IFR-1 and IFR-2 structures. During the creation of a tertiary structure model, it was important that the remains of cysteine \u200b\u200band glycine were preserved. Insulin base is fully maintained in IFR-1. The essential difference of insulin from IFR-1 is to incorporate their amino acid chains of the C-element. An additional part of the sequence with a carboxyl end, which is responsible for the IFR-1 variability (formed through alternative synthesis), gives a molecule with special properties that determine its bioactivity. Also, as well as an insulin basis that does not dissolve in water, the IFR-1 particle consists of 3 disulfide bonds, due to which the three-dimensional structure of the IFR is formed. Along with this, the presence of disulfide formations in the IFR-1 complicates the biosynthesis of the IFR-1 itself, since to maintain the "built-in" functions and maintain the integrity of the structure, the presence of all 3 disulfide bonds.

Effects effects of IFR-1
for cell receptors

The bioactivity of each of the hormones is depending on the ability of target tissues in a physiological response, which is stimulated by external influence. This work is performed by receptors located on the outer and inner side of the cells, plus all the post-receptor structures are also included. It is understood that the particles of the IFR-1 and IFR-2 form connections with IFR-1 receptors, which have a special degree of similarity with insulin receptors, and the number of the latter is 50% of the number of amino acid residues in the sequence. Despite the high degree of affinity, IFR-1 enters into relationships with insulin receptors only under the influence of some pharmaceuticals. This fact is explained by the fact that, as a rule, the differences in the degree of affinity to the IFR receptors in the IFR-1, 3 times exceed the degree of similarity to insulin receptors. IFR-2 In addition to the formation of connections with IFR receptors can also interact with another receptor type - IFR-2 receptor.

The IFR-1 receptors consist of tyrosine-like proteinkinase, some of which binds to hormones localized on the outer side of the cell. It is assumed that this receptor is an intermediary in most processes of the effects of IFR-1 on transverse muscles. For example, the IFR receptors regulate the level of amino acids and simple sugars in the muscles of the lower limbs in mice, and also participate in the biosynthesis of nucleotides in satellite cells and myocytes SW3N1. Consequently, the IFR receptors have a mediation effect on the effectiveness of the IFR-1, for example, due to the regulation of the flow of amino acids, the growth of proteins, slowing the processes of apoptosis, etc.

The IPR-1 signaling system is deflected in connection with the presence of hybrid receptors formed during the dimerization of the IFR receptor and insulin receptor molecules. Separately taken hybrid includes an alpha subunit and beta subunit connected by disulfide ties. In some circumstances, the number of hybrids receptors may exceed the number of hormonal receptors on the outer cellular shell. IFR-1 receptors and insulin receptors-hybrids are also engaged in interaction with IFR-1, along with the fact that their degree of affinity to insulin is noticeably lower. One of the factors of such a reduction may be the ability of the IFR-1 molecule to enter into relationships with a defined alpha-subunit of the IFR receptor, and the molecule must interact with two beta subunits of the insulin receptor for the formation of a strong and functional communication with insulin.

It is necessary to mention that from all the growth factors discovered in living organisms, only IFR-1 is able to strengthen the stimulation of proliferative processes, as well as to participate in the final differentiation of myocytes. Such effect may be explained by the presence in muscle tissues of various variations of the IFR-1. In addition, it was found that the various variations of the IFR-1 are in different ways in proliferative and differential processes. It was also revealed that the presence of various functions of additional variations of the IFR-1 is carried out under the influence of receptors of different types.

Proteins connecting IFR-1

The value of proteins that have the ability to bind to the IFR-1, in the modulation of autocrine and paracryne effects of the IFR is defined in unreliable. Among those described at the currently binding IFR proteins (IGFBP), 4 of them are synthesized in myoblasts, despite the fact that in transverse muscles in adulthood there is only 3-dimensional generation. It was implied that binding proteins are components of the IFR regulatory system, while their synthesis in muscle tissue affects the maintenance of the stable level of the IFR-1 in the body. In unrelated form, IFR-1 has a sufficiently small lifespan, therefore IFR-binding proteins were previously considered to be transported proteins to move the IFR with blood flow. At the same time, during the synthesis in muscle tissues, proteins connecting the IFR regulates hormonal (general) and local effects of the IFR-1 in the body. How exactly the IFR-binding proteins have their effect on the tissue not fully established by researchers, however, it is understood that they support the level of IFR-1 and increase its bioavailability.

It has been established that after the state of tissue ischemia, an increase in the number of matrix RNAs is noted both in the IFR-1 and in the IFR-binding proteins. When studying hybridization processes, the researchers revealed that the synthesis of IFR-binding 5-type proteins - IGFBP-5 is carried out only in the damaged by the effects of physical dimensions of muscle tissues, while IGFBP-4, in addition to expression in the muscles, is also produced in connecting tissues. The effect of physical exertion or its absence to modulate expression processes in muscles in a certain type of IFR-binding proteins is fixed. For example, in rats, the physical impact on the muscles contributes to the acceleration of the synthesis of the synthesis of matrix RNA in IGFBP-4 and the reduction of the number of IGFBP-5, while the absence of physical exposure (loads) on muscle fibers contributes to the reduction of the number of Matrix RNA IGFBP-5, but at the same time It does not affect the level of matrix RNA at IGFBP-4. It is understood that the 4th and 5th types of IFR-binding proteins are indirectly regulated by the IFR-1 by modulating it in the blood in an unbound form, and due to the enhancement of competitive impact on its part for the formation of communication with the IFR. To date, many studies are held focused on studying the properties of special proteins that can associate IFR and differ in their parameters from IFR-binding proteins.

Biological activity of Variations of the IFR-1,
formed
through alternative synthesis

Each type of IFR-1, which is formed through an alternative synthesis, has a similar section of the formation of a bond, in which exons 3 and 4 are encoded at the IFR-1 gene. This plot is important to activate the anabolic reactions of the IFR-1. This is well confirmed by the results of the metahanalya of many studies passing in laboratory conditions. In accordance with the metaanalysis, it was revealed that the effect of the IFR-1 led to an increase in the size of myocytes, a decrease in the degree of protein inhibition, an increase in the flow of amino acids and the rate of protein synthesis. The formation of the IFR-1 in the process of muscle tissue growth was recorded when simulating certain conditions with their exposure to animals, plus it was also noted, an increase in tissues occurring in tension of muscle fascia was also noted. For example, in mice, the growth of tissues, stimulated by the dissection of the tendon, led to an increase in the number of matrix RNAs in the IFR-1 in muscle tissue. Recent experiments carried out on rats with resection of the pituitary gland also helped to identify non-somatotropin characteristic of the marked growth of matrix RNA in IFR-1 in muscle fibers. Subsequent experiments, during which a similar method was used for all muscles in healthy individuals and in rats with resection of pituitary gland, revealed that the concentration of matrix RNA and the amount of IFR-1 increased in muscle tissue for a while before the processes of muscle growth, plus everything They (RNA and IFR-1) remained high during the entire growth period of myofibrils. Other researchers who subjected to rodents with physical stress with the oppressed production of growth hormone, found that the amount of matrix RNA and IFR-1 increased by 1.5 and 3.5 times, respectively. In addition, the increased degree of development or artificial administration of IFR-1 to muscle fibers contributed to the growth of these muscles, while inhibiting the elements of the system, which contributed to the activation of the IFR-1, allowed to prevent such muscular response. Studying the impact of reinforced IPR-1 development on atrophic processes occurring in muscles and provoked by the absence of physical exertion, revealed that excessive concentration of IFR-1 in muscle tissue in rodents with artificially changed genome did not contribute to the prevention of atrophy.

Genetic changes in the level of IFR-1
in muscle tissues

Mice with a changed genome, as a result of which in their body there is an increase in expression of the IFR-1 gene, turned out during genetic engineering in several studies. For the first time, such experiments in which animals were used with an increased (genetically laid) production of a somatotropic hormone showed a growth of muscle volumes by 35%. Initially, in the process of research, a stimulator based on metallo-meter, which, when administered, has contributed to strengthening the production of IFR-1 in many tissues. Subsequently, genetic structures were used for genetic experiments as a basis for regulatory components, the stimulation of which was specifically in a specific way in muscle tissue (for example, alpha actin is one of these regulation components). Despite the insignificant increase in the concentration of IFR-1 in the blood, rodents had a noticeable growth of muscle fibers. In the future, the same group of scientists revealed new information that in genetically changed mice, in contrast to normal individuals, the processes of recovery of damaged muscle fibers and motor neurons were much faster. It was not entirely clear whether genetic engineering was applied in these studies using complementary DNA. It is also necessary to know how popular for muscle fibers is the formation of the IFR-1. Often, this can be determined using a regulatory chain used to modulate the genetically changed substance introduced into the body of the experimental animal. In addition to rodents with accelerated production of IFR-1, rats were also born with the deletion of the IFR-1 gene, that is, such rats in DNA did not have this gene. As a result, such animals did not produce any variations of the IFR-1. With everything, the animals without the IFR-1 gene, after a while after the occurrence of LIGHT during the reason for the practical absence of muscle mass. It is curious that the results of recent studies in which gene to deletion were used, forced scientists to doubt the role of the growth hormone and IFR-1 (synthesized in the liver) intended for regulating the growth of a living organism. With this system, the IFR-1 gene was removed in hepatocytes, but in other tissues and organs, in particular: the muscular heart layer (myocardium), kidneys, muscle and fat tissues, the normal production of the IFR-gene was noted. The manifestation of effects after the removal of the IPR-1 gene, synthesized in the liver, in rodents exposed to mutations, occurs simultaneously with the reduction of the concentration of IFR-1 in the blood. It is curious that when analyzing the size of various organs, there were no differences between healthy individuals and individuals with a genetically changed genome. It may say that further growth after the birth of an individual is carried out without the stimulation of the IFR-1, synthesized in the tissues of the liver, which once again confirms the special value of the IFR-1 system in the processes described above.

Moving gene structures,
which encode IFR-1

The transfection of myocytes by the introduction of a plasmid substance with the content of the complementary DNA required for the transformation of the gene, provided the possibility of treating some pathologies associated with a decrease in muscle volumes. Not so long ago, experiments were carried out using genetic structures that have complementary DNAs in their composition from different variations of the IFR-1, which were formed through alternative synthesis (IFR also refers to this kind of variations). One such experiment was carried out to determine the value of the IFR in the operation of muscle fibers. The experiment itself included the introduction of a plasmid substance with complementary DNA of the IFR into muscle tissue of healthy mice. As a result, after a couple of weeks, muscle groups in which the drug was introduced, increased in size by 20% due to the hypertrophy of the fibers. The same studies were carried out by other researchers with the use of substances based on viral agents, with the content of complementary DNA of one of the variations of the IFR-1, synthesized by the liver. After the introduction of this type of preparation, the growth of muscle volumes was noted by 15-20%, while it took about 18 weeks to implement such an effect. In addition to the use of the above-described substances to relieve some diseases, the movement of genes can be used for abuse purposes. The use of a viral substance to move individual parts of the genome contributes to the simplification of identification, as any virus can have a negative effect on many fabrics and organs. Along with this, plasmid substances are already harder to identify, but at the moment the process of developing individual methods began, on the basis of which all effects of the effects on DNA are determined.

IFR-1 signal transmission
and her participation
in the growth of muscular fabric

What ways the ways of transmission of signals affect the effect of the IFR-1, which affects the growth of transverse muscles, is not clear at the moment, however, it can be assumed that 2 signal transmission systems are probably involved: calcineurine and siafat (system of nuclear activation of T-lymphocytes) , as well as pi3 kinase. The subsequent study of the growth activation mechanisms in living fabrics revealed that the stimulation of tissue growth is carried out due to the act of the Act \\ MTRT, which can stimulate the P70-S6 kinase. In addition, it was argued that the IFR-1 molecules during the activation process using the AC system can inhibit the path of transmitting calcinerin \\ siafat. However, all studies that specialized in studying these processes revealed that the synthesis of common IFR-1 occurs under the influence of physical exertion.

Effect of IFR-1 on sarkopenia

With age in the human body, there is a decrease in muscle volumes and their strength indicators, and the mechanisms responsible for senile atrophy are unknown. There is a decrease in the concentration of the somatotropic hormone and the IFR-1 in the circulatory system, plus to everything, there is a decrease in the number of myofibrils. There are data on the value of the IFR-1 in the processes of muscle mass in the elderly, and the volume of information proving the involvement of the IFR-1 to the growth of muscles in adulthood is gradually growing. Using artificially grown adenovirus, which has a stimulating effect on the MIOSIN gene (MLC13), the complementary DNA of the IFR-1 was administered to the muscular fabric of the mice of senior and young age. As a result, it contributed to the strengthening of the expression of the IFR-1EA at the place of administration, but with all this, there was no effect on the change in the concentration of the total IFR-1 in the body. After 18 weeks after the introduction of the size of the muscle in which the virus preparation was introduced, increased in volume by 16%, unlike normal individuals. The old individuals showed the growth of the same muscles by 28%. Another group of scientists in a similar way revealed a beneficial effect of reinforced expression of the IFR-1EA gene to muscle volumes of old mice, but in their case the method of genetic engineering was used with the introduction of an IFR-1EA from the animal gene. Six months after birth, the diameter of muscle fibers in genetically changed mice was equal to 30 microns, in contrast to 17 microns in ordinary rodents. With everything, at the same time, muscle growth was observed only with respect to fast muscle fibers (45 μm - diameter in genetically modified mice and 30 microns - near ordinary). Slow muscle fibers were almost no difference from the size recorded at control animals. It is likely that this can be explained by a reduced level of formation of the regulatory domain of myosin (MLC13) in slow fibers. With age in genetically modified rodents, muscle volumes remained within the same volumes as at a young age (up to 20 months), while in ordinary individuals there was a significant reduction in muscle volumes. Such studies on genetically modified rodents demonstrate that the IFR-1 acting locally can be an important factor preventing muscle atrophy processes with age. In addition to all, in the experiment on animals (during which the level of physical activity, the level of physical activity increased due to the cut), the level of physiological response was determined to the local production of various forms of IFR-1. Animals studied different age groups (young, mature and elderly individuals) a week after handbagging tendons. Young individuals under the influence of the burden demonstrated the growth of the MFR matrix RNA level in the muscles, 120 times higher than the IFR level in ordinary individuals, along with this, old animals did not show the same impressive changes, and the IFR growth was less significant (5 times from the level ordinary individuals). In addition, there was an increase in the concentration of the Form of the IFR-1EA, while there was no serious age differences in this indicator. In recent clinical trials, in which the spectrum of changes in the concentration of IFR-1 was determined when exposed to physical exertion on the human body, in the senior age group, unlike young people, the growth of IFR after one-time workout was noted less. Along with this, the power training is a duration of about 2.5 months (three times a week) led to an increase in the total concentration of IFR-1 in muscle tissue in the people of the older age group. It was also established that this training program can contribute to the formation of all Variations of the IFR-1 in muscle tissue. It is curious that it is the IFR in this case that raised more noticeable. This process, as a rule, reflects the ability of muscle fibers to be hypertrophyded under the influence of training loads, including the elderly.

IFR,
miosatellite and microtrauma
muscular fibers

Miosatellites are satellite-free muscle satellite cells (were opened in 1961). At the moment, it was revealed that the Miosatellites have a positive effect on the growth of muscles after birth, and in addition they are involved in the restoration of muscle tissues after their traumaism. After a pubertal period in the intact muscular tissue, myosatellites are at rest and, as a rule, are localized under the basal membrane. When stimulated in myosatellites, the formation of M-cadhelerin is noted, plus also the formation of growth-stimulating factors, namely C - MET and MYF-5. The etiology of myosatellites today has not yet been established, since there is an assumption that they are the residual myoblasts. Along with this, more and more information appears that these cells can be formed from pluripotent stem cells. It has been established that this type of cells when they move into an atrophied muscle can be transformed into muscle tissue cells.

Scientists revealed that even the normal muscle is subjected to local damage, while during the progression of certain diseases, (for example, muscle dystrophy of various origins), fabrics will be subject to more pronounced destruction (especially in places near the cell shell). The contractile structures of the muscles can also be damaged during the implementation of eccentric exercises, while stimulation of muscle fibers occurs during their tension. It should be noted that the degree of effort that is generated during the stimulation of the muscle simultaneously with its stretching exceeds the degree of an effort that has arisen when performing isometric exercises with the highest possible intensity. Muscle fiber sarcomers are capable of stretching in such a way that the overlap area of \u200b\u200bmyosin filaments and actin completely disappears, just this factor and provokes damage to muscle tissue.

During the recovery of muscle fibers in the rats of young age after their trauma by ischemia, a strengthened Synthesis of IFR-1 was noted, which after 2 weeks after activation completely stopped. It also examined the changes of all Variations of the IFR-1 in the muscles under the influence of similar incentives, their relationship with the stimulation of myosatellites was also revealed. According to the results of the studies in which microtraums in muscle tissues were obtained by local anesthesia (bupivacaine hydrochloride), an increase in the production of matrix RNA in the IFR-1EA, which has reached its maximum value 10 days after the injection, but in the future it decreased to physiological indicators. At the same time, the increase in strength and speed of production of matrix RNA at IFR was observed slightly earlier, and after 4 days the degree of expression was maximum. In the presence of mechanical damage, the peak value of the IFR was fixed even earlier. It is likely that with the introduction of myotoxic drugs and, with mechanical damage, there is a single type of production of different variations of the IFR-1 (IFR faster reaches peak indicators, in contrast to the IFR-1EA). The features shown in the formation of 2 muscular Matrix RNA of the IFR-1 were also found in rats after a while after exposure to physical exertion. The production of M-kadgers in comparison with the level of matrix RNA, reached maximum values \u200b\u200bfaster than the efficiency of the IFR-1EA, thus, it can be assumed that the total IFR-1EA does not participate in the stimulation of myosatellites. At the same time, it is impossible to assert how much this is a consequence of the growth of the number of myosatellites, since it has been established that in this type of cells in a calm state there is a small number of M-kadgerins. In addition, the maximum development of IFR-1 and IFR speaks of a significant increase in M-Kadgerinov.

IFR and IFR-1EA as a result contribute to the formation of the same protein, the chain of which is encoded in the 3rd and 4th exons. The amino acid sequences in which exon data is encoded, there are in all variations of the IFR, and at the same time they also encode an element responsible for the relationship between IFR-1 with IFR-1 receptors. The extracellular process of splitting of the RF-1 turnmen leads to the formation of identical proteins, despite the fact that the remaining forms of IFR-1 consist of various DNA sequences. It was assumed that the precursors of the IFR-1 may be stem cells. It is necessary to emphasize that the resulting artificial protein from the E-element of the IFR-IEB in the body of rats can stimulate the growth of the epithelium. Activating the processes of growth due to an isolated E-element of the IFR and its value as a separate growth factor can be confirmed by recent studies using cellular structures, as a result of which experts found that the permanent introduction of MFR cells activates the growth of myoblasts and oppress them to differentiation. The inclusion of artificially obtained IFRs or the medium in which the IFR cells were cultivated, to conventional C2C12 cells, similarly contributed to the suppression of differentiation processes. In addition, the effectiveness of the inhibitory effect is reversible, and when a cultivating medium change to a new one, efficiency sought to zero. The influence of one of the IFR-1 isofer-1 led to physiological changes in somatic cells - they had processes inhibition of muscle growth inhibiting. Special curiosity causes studies in which specific immunoglobulins were added to the cultured muscular cells to the IFR-1 receptor. Nevertheless, after that, there was no suppression of proliferative processes stimulated by the action of the IFR. Along with this, the stimulating effect of IFR-1 on the dimensions of myocytes was significantly suppressed. This information reliably show that the IFR-1 influence on the IFR-1 receptor signal system also has its own impact on other signal transmission paths.

The final results of these studies are allowed to fully ensure in the systematic participation of the IFR-1 in regenerative processes occurring in muscle fibers. As was established, the IFR-1EA and IFRs are synthesized in actively working muscles and take on the regulatory function of muscle hypertrophy. At the same time, as mentioned earlier, changes in the concentration of IFR are accompanied by a rapid physiological response, therefore the IFR-1EA acts less quickly and is activated already in the later stages of recovery processes. When evaluating the impact on the body of mechanical traumatization and damage associated with the introduction of mitotoxic drugs, it becomes clear that in fact, and in another case there is a sufficiently fast development of the IFR. In the case of administration of mitotoxic drugs, microtraums, formed in muscle tissue, can be infected under the influence of physical exertion. It is no secret that after some time after damage, the injured fabric swells, which contributes to a similar cellular response. Since the formation of autocrine variations in the synthesis of IFR-1 and IFR is the step of the preceding process of stimulation of myosatellites, then, in all likelihood, it is the IFR (but not a common IFR-1EA) that provides its influence on my opinion. This argument may well be coordinated with new data, demonstrating that muscle tissue underwent dystrophic changes is not able to fully express the IFR. In the elderly, changes in the degree of physiological response in relation to the concentration of matrix RNA in IFR after physical impact on the muscles are practically not noticeable. In the conditions in which there is a violation of regenerative processes in the muscles, the deficit of myosatellites is noted. At the moment, new studies are underway to study the processes of production or expression of IFR-1EA and IFR, as well as methods of stimulating myosatellites in people of elderly and young age.

Final part

In the course of numerous laboratory and clinical studies, it became clear that muscle fibers to high-intensity physical exertion, as well as their physiological response to trauma, caused by the reduction of muscles, is carried out locally with the participation of growth factors formed at their place of action. The IFR-1 proteins group consists of components that play an important role in the regeneration processes of tissues. The formation of various forms of IFR-1 with different functions from a single gene is carried out through a complex process, referred to as alternative synthesis. The study of the functionality of these Forms of IFR-1, including their likely interaction with other regulation processes occurring in the muscles (for example, the interaction of the IFR-1 with testosterone, myostatin, etc.), can help in optimizing the training plan for athletes speeds - Snow sports. In addition, the study and concept of transmission paths activating under the influence of physical exertion can also provide researchers new information to create the most efficient drugs.

It is necessary for the body to ensure the division of myoblasts and acceleration of restoration processes. Thus, it can be said about the similar effect with the action of growth hormone (GR). The main distinguishing feature of PEG MGF is the fact that it does not have a stimulating effect on the bone and cartilage tissue of the body.

Mechanical growth factor (IFR) produced by the human body in the liver. It is able to be made only in the case when the impact of c on this authority is. Peptide Peg-MGF is well studied by scientists and it provides a variety of drugs available on the market. They are able to provide a high degree of efficiency and safety of results. It should be said that the cause of elder muscular dystrophy is the age reduction of the production of this substance.

PEG-MGF application in sports

There are some features that have not allowed to use a peptide for a long time. When entering into the body, it was destroyed for an extremely rapid period. To achieve the desired effect, it would be necessary to perform injections. Peg-IFF Every half an hour. Specialists have developed a simple and effective way to solve the task.

At the stage of production of drugs, a molecule of glycol polyethylene and MGF occurs. As a result, a pegylated mechanical growth factor appears. Such a connection combines protection against rapid destruction and can be absorbed by the human body. Almost all available on sale PEG-MGF, reviews about which you can read on the Internet is exactly pitted. As studies show, the reception through the esophagus is not effective. The drug is produced in the form of powder for subcutaneous injections.

Effects

Peg-MGF helps athletes to achieve the following positive effects:

  • Height of muscle mass. It occurs as a result of the acceleration of division and an increase in cellular tissue. An additional effect is the creation of embossed muscles.
  • Reducing fat deposits by 4-6%, depending on the characteristics of the body.
  • Improving the overall leveling.
  • Improving the blood supply of muscles due to the appearance of new vessels.

Side effects, with proper reception, practically do not arise. In any case, they are not massive.

How to take Peg-ITF

If you need to buy PEG-MGF, it must be said about how the course of this substance should be carried out. There are several techniques, but the classic option suggests the following scheme:

  1. A day is required to provide a reception from 100 to 200 μg PEG MGF. At the same time, injections should not be carried out constantly, and 2-4 times a week - it is enough to restrict ourselves to the training days. Overdose does not give an improved effect, but only reduces it.
  2. If the injection occurs in the days of training, it should be done immediately after loads. Reviews allow us to say that this is the best option.
  3. The average duration of one course is about 5-6 weeks. After that, a long break should be made.

A sufficient large number of athletes carry out injections to the target muscles. This is a common mistake, since the mechanical growth factor does not have a local action. It affects the entire muscle mass directly.

Preparation and storage

If you need to buy peptide Peg-MGF, its storage should occur in the refrigerator at 2-8 degrees. It is important to take it from the effects of sunlight. The substance is a powder for breeding in solution and further subcutaneous injections. Weighted in the liquid drug can be stored no more than a month.