Twichever shoulder muscle
Twitting muscle shoulder, m. Biceps Brachii. (See Fig. ,,,,), consists of two heads, in form rounded, spindle-shaped. It occupies the front area of \u200b\u200bthe shoulder and elbow bending and is located directly under the skin.
Long Head, Caput Longum, occupies a lateral position. It begins as a long tendon from the overturning tubercle of the blades, passes above the head of the shoulder bone through the cavity of the shoulder joint, falls into the interbogochny furrow, surrounded misturbing Sinovial Vagina, Vagina Synovialis IntertubercularisAnd then goes into a muscular abdomen.
Short Head, Caput Breve, occupies a medial situation. It starts with a wide tendon from the top of the beak handpiece of the blade and, heading the book, also goes into a muscular abdomen.
Both heads are combined with each other in a long muscle abdomen, which the elbow fossa is narrowed and goes into a powerful tendon attached to the beam bone junction. Attaching the tendon is located double-headed Bag, Bursa Bicipitoradialis, and between the tendons of the two-headed and shoulder muscles, in the upper part of the oblique chord, where it comes to the medial surface of the elbow bone, lies inter-site elbow bag, bursa cubitalis interossea.
A part of the beams in the form of a thin plate is separated from the proximal end of the tendon - uponeurosis Twin Muscles, APONEUROSIS M. Bicipitis Brachii.. Parts from m. Biceps Brachii on the shoulder are located medial and laterally almost symmetrically furrows of the shoulder, Sulcus Bicipitalis Medialis I Sulcus Bicipitalis Lateralis.
Function: bends his hand in the elbow joint and inspires the forearm; At the expense of the long head takes part in the assignment of the hand, due to the short - in bringing the hand.
Innervation: n. Musculocutaneus (with V -C VII).
Blood supply: aa. Collaterales Ulnares Superior Et Inferior, a. Recurrens Radialis, a. brachialis.
Not in the last place when pumping the muscles of the hands is food. If you do everything correctly, the success is 85% guaranteed. The rule is general: proteins (1.5 g per kilogram of weight), less carbohydrates (fast-sugar, of course, bread, baking), only for energy production (cereal, pasta) and only in the morning.
Muscle building men, rear view: 1 - rear head of the shoulder; 2 - Small round muscle; 3 - Big Round Muscle; 4 - Salt muscle; 5 - diamond muscle; 6 - Wrist extensor muscle; 7 - the shoulder muscle; 8 - elbow wrist flayer; 9 - trapezoidal muscle; 10 - direct masculine muscle; 11 - wide muscle; 12 - breast-sided fascia; 13 - biceps of the thigh; 14 - large thrust muscle; 15 - semi-dry muscle; 16 - thin muscle; 17 - semi-stepped muscle; 18 - icy muscle; 19 - Cambalo-shaped muscle; 20 - Long Malober Muscle; 21 - Muscle Disclosure Large Foot Foot; 22 - long triceps head; 23 - lateral head of triceps; 24 - Medial head of triceps; 25 - external brazy muscles of the abdomen; 26 - the middle jagged muscle; 27 - Big Muscle Muscle
Woman muscle structure, front view: 1 - bladder attachment muscle; 2 - the sternum-sub-surfactant muscle; 3 - breast-curable-bed-like muscle; 4 - trapezoidal muscle; 5 - Small breast muscle (not visible); 6 - big breast muscle; 7 - gear muscle; 8 - direct abdominal muscle; 9 - the outer oblique muscle; 10 - comb muscle; 11 - tailoring muscle; 12 - long thrust muscle thigh; 13 - a lot of fascia; 14 - Thin Muscle Hip; 15 - direct muscle of the thigh; 16 - intermediate wide thigh muscle (not visible); 17 - lateral wide thigh muscle; 18 - Medial Wide Muscle Hip; 19 - icy muscle; 20 - front tibial muscle; 21 - long extensor of the fingers of the foot; 22 - Long Tibra Muscle; 23 - Cambalo-like muscle; 24 - Front bunch of the Delta; 25 - the average bunch of the Delta; 26 - Brachials brachial muscle; 27 - Long bipox biceps; 28 - short beam of biceps; 29 - the shoulder muscle; 30 - radiation spinner of the wrist; 31 - Round Pronator; 32 - beam wrist flexor; 33 - long palm muscle; 34 - elbow wrist flexor
Woman muscle structure, rear view: 1 - rear bunch of the Delta; 2 - long bundle of triceps; 3 - lateral beam of triceps; 4 - medial triceps bunch; 5 - elbow wrist extension; 6 - Outdoor abdominal muscle; 7 - the extensor of the fingers; 8 - wide fascia; 9 - biceps of hips; 10 - semi-dry muscle; 11 - Thin Muscle Hip; 12 - semi-sepped muscle; 13 - icy muscle; 14 - Cambalo-shaped muscle; 15 - short small muscle; 16 is a long thumbnail flayer; 17 - Small Round Muscle; 18 - Big Round Muscle; 19 - Salt muscle; 20 - trapezoid muscle; 21 - diamond muscle; 22 - wide muscle; 23 - spinal extensors; 24 - breast-purpose fascia; 25 - Small Muscle Muscle; 26 - Big Muscle Muscle
Muscles are distinguished by a rather diverse shape. Muscles having a common tendon, but possessing two or more heads, are called double-headed (biceps), three-chapted (triceps) or four-chapped (quadriceps). Muscle functions are also quite varied, these are flexors, extensors, discharge, leading, rotators (knutri and dust), lift, lowering, straightening and others.
Types of muscle tissue
Characteristic features of the structure allow you to classify the muscles of a person in three types: skeletal, smooth and cordial.
Types of human muscular fabric: I- skeletal muscles; II, smooth muscles; III- heart muscle
- Skeletal muscles. Reducing this type of muscles is fully controlled by a person. Combined with a skeleton of a person, they form a musculoskeletal system. Skeleton this type of muscle is called precisely because of their attachment to the skeleton bones.
- Smooth muscles. This type of fabric is present in the composition of cells of internal organs, skin and blood vessels. The structure of smooth muscles of a person implies their finding for the most part in the walls of hollow internal organs, such as the esophagus or bladder. They also play an important role in processes not controlled by our consciousness, for example, in the intestinal motorcycle.
- Heart muscle (myocardium). The work of this muscle controls the vegetative nervous system. Its cuts are not controlled by human consciousness.
Since the reduction in smooth and cardiac muscular tissue is not controlled by the consciousness of a person, the emphasis in this article will focus on skeletal muscles and their detailed description.
Muscle structure
Muscular fiber It is a structural element of the muscles. Separately, each of them is not only a cellular, but also a physiological unit that is capable of decreasing. Muscular fiber has a view of a multi-core cell, the fiber diameter is in the range from 10 to 100 μm. This multi-core cell is in a shell, called Sarcollamp, which in turn is filled with sarcoplasma, and already in sarcoplasm there are Miofibrillas.
Miofibrill It is a filamental education that consists of sarcomers. In the thickness of myofibrils, as a rule, are less than 1 microns. Taking into account the amount of myofibrils, it is usually distinguished by white (they are fast) and red (they are slow) muscle fibers. White fibers contain more myofibrils, but less sarcoplasm. It is for this reason that they decrease faster. Red fibers contain many Mioglobin, because they received such a name.
Internal structure of man muscles: 1 - bone; 2 - tendon; 3 - muscle fascia; 4 - skeletal muscle; 5 - fibrous shell skeletal muscle; 6 - Connecting shell; 7 - artery, veins, nerves; 8 - beam; 9 - connecting tissue; 10 - muscle fiber; 11 - Miofibrill
The work of the muscles is characteristic of the fact that the ability is faster and harder to decrease, characteristic of white fibers. They can develop an effort and reduction rate of 3-5 times higher than slow fibers. The physical activity of the anaerobic type (work with burdens) is carried out preferably fast muscle fibers. Long-term aerobic physical activity (running, swimming, bike) is carried out mainly by slow muscle fibers.
Slow fibers are more resistant to fatigue, at the same time, fast fibers for long-term physical activity are not adapted. As for the ratio of fast and slow muscle fibers in human muscles, their number is approximately the same. In most part of both sexes, about 45-50% of the muscles of the limbs make up slow muscle fibers. How many significant sexual differences in the ratio of various types of muscle fibers in men and women are not. Their ratio is formed at the beginning of the human life cycle, in other words, it is genetically programmed and until the oldest is practically not changed.
Sarcomers (composite components of myofibrils) are formed by thick mosine threads and subtle actin threads. Let us dwell on them.
Aktin - Protein, which is a structural element of cell cytoskeleton and has the ability to shrink. It consists of 375 residues of amino acids, and is about 15% of muscle protein.
Mozin. - The main component of myofibrils - contractile fibers of the muscles, where its content can be about 65%. Molecules are formed by two polypeptide chains, each of which contains about 2000 amino acids. Each of such chains has at the end the so-called head, which includes two small chains consisting of 150-190 amino acids.
Actomiosis - The complex of proteins, formed from actin and myosin.
FACT. For the most part, the muscles consist of water, proteins and other components: glycogen, lipids, nitrogen-containing substances, salts, etc. The water content ranges in the range of 72-80% of the total mass of the muscles. The skeletal muscle consists of a large number of fibers, and which is characteristic than them more, the muscle is stronger.
Classification of muscles
The muscular system of a person is characterized by a variety of muscle shapes, which in turn are divided into simple and complex. Simple: spindle-shaped, straight, long, short, wide. Multidogance muscles can be attributed to difficult. As we said, if the muscles have a common tendon, and two or more heads, they are called double-headed (biceps), three-chapped (triceps) or four-chapped (quadriceps), and the multi-cerebral muscles include multi-eyed muscles. The following types of muscles with a certain geometric shape are complex include: square, deltoid, cambaloid, pyramidal, round, gear, triangular, rhombular, cambaloidal.
Main functions Muscles are flexion, extension, lead, bringing, supination, pronation, lifting, lowering, straightening and not only. Under the term, supination is meant the rotation of the duck, and under the term is the rotation of the rotation of Knutrice.
In the direction of fibers Muscles are divided into: straight, transverse, circular, oblique, single-timers, two-dimensional, multi-solid, semi-dry and semi-stereo.
In relation to the joints, given the number of joints through which they roll out: single-stitching, double and multi-surals.
Work muscle
In the process of reducing the filament, actin penetrate deep into the intervals between the threads of myosin, and the length of both structures does not change, but only the total length of the actomyosine complex is reduced - this method of cutting muscles is called sliding. The slip of actin yarns along the mosine needs energy, and the energy required to reduce the muscles is exempt as a result of the interaction of actomiosis with ATP (adenosine trifhosphate). In addition to ATP, water, as well as ions calcium and magnesium plays an important role in cutting muscles.
As already mentioned, the work of the muscles is fully controlled by the nervous system. This suggests that their work (reduction and relaxation) can be managed consciously. For the normal and full functioning of the body and move it in space, the muscles work with groups. Most of the muscular groups of the human body runs in pairs, and perform opposite functions. It looks in such a way that when the "agonist" muscle is reduced, the muscle "antagonist" is stretched. The same is true and vice versa.
- Agonist - Muscle performing a certain movement.
- Antagonist - Muscle performing the opposite movement.
Muscles possess such properties: Elasticity, stretching, reduction. Elasticity and stretching give muscles the ability to vary in size and return to the initial state, the third quality makes it possible to create an effort at its ends and lead to shortening.
Nervous stimulation can cause the following types of muscle contraction: Concentric, eccentric and isometric. The concentric contraction occurs in the process of overcoming the load when performing a given movement (lifting up when tightening on the crossbar). Eccentric contraction occurs in the process of slowing down movements in the joints (lowering down when tightening on the crossbar). An isometric reduction occurs at the time when the force created by the muscles is equal to the load of the case rendered on them (the hold of the hull in the housing on the crossbar).
Muscle functions
Knowing, as is called and where there is one or another muscle or muscle group, we can proceed to the study of the block - the functions of the muscles of the person. Below in the table we will look at the most basic muscles that train in the hall. As a rule, six main muscular groups are exposed to train: breasts, back, legs, shoulders, hands and press.
FACT. The biggest and most severe muscular group in the human body is legs. The largest muscle is a berium. The strongest is the calf, it can hold the weight up to 150 kg.
Conclusion
In this article, we looked at such a complex and bulk theme as the structure and functions of the muscles of the person. Speaking of muscles, we certainly mean muscle fibers, and the involvement of muscle fibers involves interaction with them the nervous system, since the innervation of muscular neurons is preceded by the implementation of muscle activity. It is for this reason that in our following article we will move on to the consideration of the structure and functions of the nervous system.
The short head of the two-headed shoulder muscles, is a smaller and medial of two, which form the two-headed shoulder muscle. Like a long biceps head, short acts as a flexor and supinator elbow joint. On the shoulder joint, the short biceps head performs the function of bringing the shoulder bone.
Biceps got its name from two sources. There is a long head from the overturning tuberculk blades, and the short - from the beak handproof the shovel ... [read below]
[Beginning from above] ... from the place of its origin, the short head passes the kini from the shoulder bone and grows with a long head about the middle of the shoulder bone. The collapsing of the two-headed shoulder muscles cross the elbow joint along its front surface and are connected to the tendons with the radial bone on the radius of the beam.
Short Head Functions Blood Muscle Shoulder
The short two-headed shoulder muscles acts on the bones of the upper limbs in the elbow and shoulder joints. Together with the long head of the two-headed arm muscles, short bends and supins the forearm in the elbow. Biceps are often incorrectly perceived as the main flexor of the hand in the elbow joint, whereas in reality it is a synergist (jointly acts) to the true thrust of the muscles of the shoulder joint. Biceps works as the main dock of the elbow joint and helps muscle-supinators of forearm.
In the area of \u200b\u200bthe shoulder joint, the biceps provides assistance to deltoid, to strain the shoulder bone or move it to the shock. The short head also provides some unique features that are not provided with a long head. It acts as an adductor to move the shoulder bone to the middle line of the body and pulling the arm closer to the body. Short also acts as a retainer to stabilize the shoulder joint.
Structure of the short biceps head
Biceps shoulder are skeletal muscles, and as such is a body, mainly from skeletal muscles and connective tissue. Skeletal muscle tissue consists of a variety of elongated cells known as fiber; Each fiber is wrapped in a thin fibrous connective tissue shell, known as internal varisions. Many fibers are additionally combined into groups, known as beams, which in turn are wrapped in a more fibrous connecting fabric, known as fascia. Many blood vessels and nerves pass between bunches of fibers to ensure blood outflow and communication with skeletal muscle fibers. Bundles, nerves and blood vessels in the complex form the entire double-headed muscle, wrapped the outer layer of fibrous connective tissue, known like epimizius.
All layers of connective tissue converge at the ends of the two-headed arm muscles, forming tendons that bind it with a spatula and radial bone. At the proximal end of the short head, the tendon grows up with an admiralty of the blades, and a short head originates on the bezvoid process. At the opposite end of the biceps, the distal tendon merges with the periosteum of the radial bone on the radius of the beagrist in the form of a biceps insert.
Many people know about such a muscle as biceps (double-headed muscle), but few people understand the peculiarities of its structure and the true name. It is extremely difficult to swing hands without this information, so it is advisable to get acquainted with all the anatomical details before drawing up the workout plan. In this case, you can achieve a result in a shorter time.
The two-headed arm of the shoulder is attached to the bones of the blade with the help of tendon. Muscle tissue received its name, thanks to two heads that can be seen in this image:
In the picture, it is clearly seen from what parts is the two-headed arm of the shoulder, namely:
- Short head biceps. This part of the shoulder biceps begins with a bevoid process on the outdoor side of the blade. From her, the muscle passes along the inner surface of the bone to the long head. The short half of the biceps does not have an oblong tendon, but there is more muscle tissue;
- Long biceps head. It is localized on the side surface of the upper limb and begins his way from the protrusion in the area of \u200b\u200bthe blade, which is directly above the deepening of the shoulder joint. This place is called a dishscanic tubercle. The long head is quite pronounced tendon, but at the same time a short plot of muscle tissue.
If you take a look at the structure of the biceps of the hand, you can see that both heads are intertwined with each other as you approach the elbow joint, creating a kind of abdomen. It is attached to the elbow using a bicex tendon. Together both heads create a powerful flexor, that is, a flexor.
Function
After studying the peculiarities of the structure of the two-headed shoulder muscles, you can understand what the main functions have. According to its anatomy, the biceps is a limb flexor in the elbow joint and allows you to rotate (inscribe) brush. The long muscle head comes into operation while reducing the shoulder muscular tissues, for example, during the rise of the hands upstairs.
For a complete stretching of the long part of the biceps, the elbows will have to stay back. If you need to load a short biceps head, you need to move a little forward from the body. Such a nuance is useful for beginner bodybuilders, since certain positions of the hands affect the pumping of problematic muscle tissues. That is why any athlete must examine the biceps functions before pumping hands. 
Voltage points
Biceps shoulder during training is constantly loaded and excessive overvoltage, can create voltage points. For example, it can occur during the lifting of the mountain or after the rod bench press. In bodybuilders, the main reason for the appearance of such points is the transfer of greater weight on elbows or elongated limbs. However, ordinary people are also not insured against them. After all, any activity accompanied by severe overloads can cause pain and weakness in certain areas of the hand, which are symptoms of voltage points.
You can learn about their availability by painful sensations in the area of \u200b\u200bthe double muscle. Sometimes discomfort is localized on the front surface of the shoulder. People at the same time pay attention to the restrictions that have not been before. For example, weakness when straightening the hand or the appearance of pain syndrome during palpation of the tendon on which the biceps is attached to the elbow.
To identify such points, the limb should be put on a flat surface in front of them. Previously, it needs to be a little bend in the elbow joint. Then, with the help of feeling, you should search the voltage point.
You need to start the palpation from the elbow hole and gradually move on the tendon to the biceps abdomen.
It should be not easy to poke your fingers, and smoothly lead, massaging the outer and inner side of muscle tissues. In the course of the movement, you can find the seals and there are often stress points next to them. They are usually localized by 1/3 ways across a double muscle. If such places are found, they need to be massaged until the unpleasant sensations decrease.
Pain in a double muscle
The two-headed shoulder muscle usually resistive tolerate loads, but sometimes there is a pain of different character. In such a situation, you need to know the reasons because of which it can manifest itself:
When suspicious symptoms are found in the double-headed muscle, you must contact the therapist. To carry out the survey, it can send a patient to a physiotherapist, a traumologist, a rheumatologist, etc. After identifying the main cause of pain, the corresponding course of therapy is appointed.
Two-headed muscles most people are known as biceps. Knowing her features, you can quickly and effectively pump your hands and avoid injuries that are associated with excess overloads. However, this muscle is in constant voltage, so it is necessary to monitor that there are no strange symptoms. When they identify them, it is necessary to immediately turn to a specialist.
Biceps is a well-established symbol of common muscles. Any athlete will first demonstrate it. This muscle is always in a prominent place and therefore almost every man is interested in her pumping. However, in spite of permanent operation and, it seems, obvious things, few people know that it is generally biceps: its structure, anatomy and a function for our body.
Anatomy
Biceps refer to the two-headed muscle of the shoulder, as it consists of two heads.
- Long Head Blood Muscle Shoulder Located on the outside of the hand.
- Short head biceps Located in the inside.
Both muscles have the same length, despite the names. At the top point, they are attached to the beak blades, and in the bottom - to the elbow joint. Simply put: Biceps is a volumetric muscle that takes up the top of the hand from the shoulder to the forearm.
Function
Biceps hands functions to blend and bending your hand in the elbow. He, as well, helps to rotate forearm and brushes. In daily life, we often interact with the outside world, where you have to raise various items. Due to the fact that the bending movements in practice are greater, the structure of the biceps allows you to perform all the basic physical work. In some cases, he can act as