Cliff Diving is the type of diving, which captures the spirit. Jumping in open water takes place from a high height, so only the most bold and prepared people are solved on them.
This type of sport is actively developing, experienced swimmers participate in world importance competitions, collecting many lovers of this risky and spectacular diving.
Basic concepts
Hai Diving (another cliff-diving name) is a sport, for classes that need a sheer cliff (this is translated from English the word "cliff"), under which open water is bottled, with a depth of 5 meters. There are many similar places on Earth, each of which captures with its beauty and risk. Sports events are organized there, during which the most courageous and advanced divers compete in skill.
"Cliff" and "High" are two varieties of diving that differ very conditionally, because applied on equal. High-diving involves jumping in water from specially built forests, and Cliff Diving - immersion directly from the rocks.
History of origin
The history of cliff-diving begins in Hawaii, whose sheer rocks are as if created for diving into the water. This entertainment has appeared many years ago among the locals, similarly competing in courage and courage. For many decades, this ritual was used to confirm the adult of the young man.
Such a diving was distributed in the Balkans whose residents jumped into water from a bridge having a 20-meter height.
At the beginning of the 20th century, all mentions of Cliff Diving disappeared to appear in the 80s. years. At this time, the athletes were combined into a group of interests, leaving in picturesque corners to commit risky jumps. The significant results achieved American Vardl, who conquered a height of 37 meters, a little later, her record was beaten by a Swiss citizen who dived into the water from a height of 53.9 meters.
In 1996, this direction of sports acquires official features, the Federation of High Daiving is created in Switzerland, which gathered under his wing of professionals and lovers of this sport.
For more than ten years, this type of diving did not have official calling, but in 2009 the first world series under the auspices of Red Bull GmbH was held. And in 2013, the cliff-diving championship was held, with strict rules at the maximum height of diving: women with a 20-meter cliff, men with a 27-meter.
Every year the number of steps carried out increases. For instance, in 2015 there were already 8. In 2016, prizes took citizens of England, Russia and the United States.
Differences from tower jumps
Jumping with towers and cliff-diving do not have fundamental differences. Both species of sports consist in performing a trick in strict accordance with the established rules.
General are the criteria for estimating jumps:
- technical indicators;
- literacy of the figures performed;
- the moment of entering the water.
Distinctive features of Cliff diving from conventional diving from towers:
- the height of the jumps performed, 2 times higher than the maximum possible parameters of the Olympic disciplines: for men from 22 to 27 meters, for women from 18 to 23 meters;
- the rate developed at the time of entering the water can be from 75 to 100 km / h (for example, with a tower height of 10 meters, this speed is only 50 km / h);
- the immersion depth can reach 4.5 meters, which is 1.5 more than in the period of jumping from the springboard;
- the time that the diver is in flight is 3 seconds, which is 2 times the usual immersion;
- carrying out the entrance to the water in the water down;
- competitions only on open spaces;
- body impact strength at the time of contact with water is 9 times more powerful than during the jump from the tower.
If the swimmer incorrectly enters the water, jumping from the cliffs with a height of more than 20 meters, it can get injuries comparable in severity with a drop from 13 meters.
Features of jumping in water
There is an erroneous opinion about the simplicity of the performance of such jumps, but in fact it is more complicated. Among the adherents of Cliff Diving, they allocate newcomers and lovers, virtuosos and professionals. They are not difficult to isolate each other at least according to the technique of execution (for example, newcomers jump exclusively in the "Soldier" posture, without producing additional tricks). Experienced divers always show risky elements, and in water included heads down.
The maximum height of jumping depends on the level of athlete's preparedness and may exceed 30 meters.
Difficulties in performing tricks :
- Immersion in water, passing with serious overloads, requiring the preservation of the vertical position of the diver body. Otherwise, a person can get serious injuries.
- Difficulties in calculating the dive trajectory arising from the high height of the jump.
- Planning acrobatic tricks, to show no more than 3 seconds.
Beginner divers are honed by skill, without tricks, and professionals can perform from 3 to 7 elements during a flight.
The Cliff Daiving Federation has developed a single list of jumps, which describes 149 of their varieties, as well as the technical characteristics of the acrobatics and the features of the events of athletes in the water.
In order for the cliff-diver to determine the calculation point of the landing, a jet carving out of the brand is used. And for insurance, specially trained divers floating nearby and at the first need can reach the diver from the water.
The best points for jumping
Cliff Diving is the leader among other sports on their entertainment. The painting of the surrounding landscapes adds a special highlight.
The most spectacular jumps are performed on:
- Jamaica: Rick's Cafe;
- Hawaii: Kahekili's LEAP;
- Australia: ORD River;
- USA, Vermont;
- Canada: Horseshoe Lake;
- Ireland: Serpent's Lair.
Particularly interesting is the diving that occurs in water, with sharp rocky formations under it. The athlete has high collision risks with them and instant death.
For enjoying the skill of cliff-divers, you can go to the countries:
- krabi Island, Thailand: Here are jumping among the picturesque rocks, cut by caves and rich waterfalls;
- the neighborhood of the city of Kimberley in Australia: This area is distinguished by the multi-level heights of rocks and gorges;
- santorini Island in Greece: the beauty of turquoise waves and high height elevations, from which divers perform dangerous tricks. Here are more often encountered, because professionals work on more serious altitudes.
What is so attractive cliff diving?
The person who has chosen cliff-diving, takes place a lot of workouts preparing his body to this risky event:
- jumping in the pool with high heights;
- acquaintance with the basics of acrobatics, performing twists and flip;
- an increase in personal endurance;
- strengthening muscle corset.
All these measures are needed to ensure the safety of a diver in the water at a speed of 100 km / h, which requires complete muscle tension to maintain an even position of the body. Any error can cause serious injury.
In addition to physical training, psychological are important. A man diving into the water with a high cliff fighting with himself, his own fears and emotions. Control of the latter allows you to perform the intended as much as possible and safely.
Why is this kind of diving so attractive? The jump, performed by the diver, causes a large amount of adrenaline into its blood and persistent increase in blood pressure. Moreover, such emotions are not only the athlete itself, but also the audience watching his work. One moment, which lasts the jump - the result of many years of persistent workouts, allowing to achieve perfection.
Cliff divers wave such hazards:
- wind gusts that violate the selected trajectory and provoking the emergence of traumatic situations;
- the loss of coordination threatening with irreversible consequences;
- the elongation of the execution time of tricks that interfere with the correct entrance to the water.
One failed jump is able, if you do not kill a person, then turn it out forever from sports. Therefore, there are no more than 100 people on the world around the world.
Cliff Daiving Competitions
These diving connoisseurs from the rocks do not stop the danger or risks or fear. Especially for these people, as well as connoisseurs of spectacular sports, competences are held high popularity.
In Cliff Diving it is difficult to predict the winner. Any athlete can perform a jump with incredible tricky elements and land so exactly that in one moment will become a champion. Therefore, hundreds and thousands of people strive for the venues of annual competitions.
Range jumping competitions are organized under the leadership of the International Federation of this sport, which is completely autonomous. This organization conducts world and European stages called International Cliff Diving Championship.
In addition, the competition worldwide is conducted by Red Bull, they are referred to as Cliff Diving World Series. Since 2013, there is a World Championship in High Daiving. The first was held in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bthe second in Kazan, where the bronze medal was awarded Russian - Artem Silchenko.
Separately, it is worth noting the World Cliff-Dive World Cup, which collects only famous athletes, whose jumps are striking with their risks and outlines. In 2015, the representative of the Russian Federation ranked first, bypassing famous favorites.
How are jumping?
Cliff Daiving Competitions are held in strict accordance with the developed standards and requirements for the performance of jumps and tricky elements.
Estimates are exhibited in this way:
- the competition is judged by five people, each of which represents its country;
- individually the evaluation of the equipment and complexity of the elements made;
- the evaluation system has 10 points;
- a step can be 0.5 and 0, 25 points;
- during the calculation, the smallest and largest indicators are not taken, the summation of the remaining points with the multiplication of the resulting result on the coefficient, which determines the complexity of the jump.
The judges give a valuation of diving in such criteria:
- Quality Jump: Analysis of the height of its implementation, the initial position of the athlete, strength and angle of the body, the position of the body at the time of the push.
- The figures performed: coups, rotations, flip and other acrobatic elements, as well as the placement of the limbs at the time of its implementation.
- Entering the water: the verticality of the location of the body, the position of the hands, deviation from the initial trajectory and the number of created splashes.
If the athlete makes errors, penal points are prescribed. The complexity is estimated by the coefficient, which consists of several components. Its foundation is the height of the cliff with which the jump is performed. From her and repel the judges, evaluating the duration of the flight and the number of figures performed by the diver.
Cliff Diving is still in amateur niche, so its development goes in small steps. High diving can be massive sports only if it is assigned to the Olympic disciplines. But people who perform jumps from the cliffs are real professionals who receive adrenaline and the spectators to the audience storm of emotions and indescribable by their beauty spectacle. We also remind you that in St. Petersburg, you can go through and get a real full-fledged Daver NDL certificate. We also conduct
Systematic training in water jumps help to develop collens, the power of will, develop the vestibular apparatus and coordination of movements, as well as strengthen the muscular system.
This hobby is one of the types of water sports recognized by the International Amateur Federation of Sailing, which includes a series of jumps with highs and springboards with a height of up to 10 meters.
But extremals appeared, which was not enough to fulfill the basic sports program. They walked to make the highest jump into the water and become famous worldwide. Cliff Diving - It was this name that was given to risky entertainment.
What does it all start?
As a rule, athletes-jumpers are engaged in cliff-diving, which have already completed their careers. Often this is the winners of the Olympic Games, all sorts of world championships, accustomed to jump from a springboard with a height of 10 meters. But often there are people who choose High diving as a way to have fun and relax.
Among the well-known athletes who opened a new hobby, you can note Andrei Ignatenko, Vyacheslav Polishchuk and many others. Even an old age does not prevent people from paying time to such a risky hobby. The goal is to fulfill the highest jump in the water in the world helps to fight fatigue, laziness and indecisiveness of thousands of people on the entire planet.
In the world, this sport represents a huge number of immigrants from the Soviet Union. So it is worth paying tribute to the old and verified domestic jump school.
The highest jump in the water that could not exceed for a long time
And from what height can you jump into the water? From 3 or 5 meters? Cliff divers for jumps choose cliffs of at least 25 meters high! But even this basic indicator cannot be compared with the fact that Randall Dickinson in 1985 made the highest jump into the water.
The record has not been able to beat anyone for a long time, because more than 53 meters will jump from a height of more than 53 meters.
Women also love extreme
Not only representatives of strong sex risk their lives. So, a resident of America Lucy Wardl dared to jump from the cliff with a height of more than 36 meters!
And they say that women are weak spirit.
New records to be
In August 2015, the highest jump in the water in the world was performed. The record managed to install an athlete from Switzerland Laso Salle. Twenty seven-year-old man with jumped from a height of 58.8 meters to one of the mountain lakes Alps. His speed in flight was 123 km / h.
The athlete insured the group of drivers, but fortunately, their help was not needed.
You just imagine, Laso flight can be compared with a jump from a 19-storey building!
Jumping from a huge height: Is it safe?
It is the opinion that jumping into the water from a huge height is completely safe, because the person landed into the water, and not on a solid surface. But theoretical calculation and practice speak absolutely about the opposite: water does not soften the fall.
Falling from a huge height, the main factor that needs to be taken into account becomes the maximum speed when the human body reaches it, it is fixed and remains unchanged. In some cases, the speed can reach the indicator 325 km per hour! But, having a desire to make the highest jump into the water, do not seek to such an indicator, because it involves the height of the starting point of the jump more than 1000 m from the ground level.
No less important flight factor is the position of the jumper body: diving head down, the athlete automatically increases the rate of fall.
The complex calculations of Lynna Emrich confirm that a person with a weight of 77 kg per minute can fly about 3 km and at the same time stay alive, since the free flight time is very small. But in practice, no one checked.
Attractive jumper tourist
Many divers prefer to surrender to their extreme entertainment in the most famous tourist center in their century did not see one athlete demonstrating their courage and collens.
What is the highest jump in the water from what height? Probably the answer to this question will remain a mystery. Some remain live, jumping into the sea from a huge height, others are afraid to drown in the bath.
Interesting fact: In 1942, German fighters were shot down in the sky in 1942. The pilot managed to jump out of the plane and, despite the fact that the parachute never opened, it remained alive. The flight of the number of more than 7 km is remembered for him only with severe injuries. Although it was not a jump in the water.
Even the highest jump in the world in the world was performed by a prepared athlete who knows all the nuances of the flight and tactically correct landing. Remember that only the person who accurately follow all existing rules can be able to stay alive without the slightest damage. Do not risk themselves, because even the fraction of seconds spent in flight can bring you lifelong injury.
Diving - This is a discipline that is part of water sports. The essence of the jump in the water is as follows: Athletes should jump from a springboard or towing, after performing a number of acrobatic actions (rotations, revolutions, screws). Judges estimate these actions and purity of entering water. If pair jumps are performed, the synchronicity of the actions of partners is also rated.
It is reliably known that jumping in water was practiced in distant antiquity. Then jumped from cliffs, ships, reefs. Of course, they did it only sailors, as ordinary people often could not swim. An interesting fact is that the warriors from ancient Rome jumped into water and in battles and for fun, and in full combat equipment. Not bad, isn't it? Later, such entertainment appeared in medieval Germany.
The first jumping competitions took place in the 17th century, jumped, of course, on open reservoirs. In the second half of the 18th century, "bizarre diving", as many people called this sport, got a big distribution. He contributed to this popularity of gymnastics, which was the basis of jumping into water, as well as the construction of special aqueous electrical complexes.
Jumping into the water from the springboard was popular in Germany, from the tower - in Sweden. Until the First World War, these countries were determined by the style of jumps and were considered to be sort of "water modes". Later, the United States has developed his own style, borrowing strong countries the main features: Sweden - relaxed shoulders and hands, in Germany - intense legs. So the basis of modern jumps into water, which allows you to fly high in the air and dive into the water without splashes.
The first European championship was held in 1890. In 1904, jumping in the water entered the Olympic program. Since then, discipline grew, fixed and won the sympathy of the whole world.
The rules of jumps in ODU are quite simple, and therefore even the uninitiated person can enjoy this spectacle. Jumping performed from a springboard, a length of at least 4.8 meters and a width of at least 0.5 meters. It is installed on the edge of the pool, at an altitude of 1 and 3 meters.
Tower - platform on the edge of the pool, width - 2 meters, 6 meters long. It is installed at various heights: 1, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 meters. The tower (yes and the springboard) should be at the edges of the pool at least 1.5 meters.
At the Olympic Games athletes jump from 10 meter tower and 3 meter springboard. The programs of the remaining competitions may include other options for jumping.
By the way, jumping into water is performed from different racks (rear, front, on hand), from running out or from space, with the performance of such elements, like turnover and half turn, screw and semi-shift. At the same time, the position of the body also changes, that is, you can make an element bent, flaking and in grouping.
There are still synchronous jumps in which it is necessary not only to perform these elements correctly, but also synchronously. Of course, there are currently many athletes of synchronists, but in the past it was believed that such achievements are impossible. For this reason, synchronous jumps in the water began to spread in the 1970s, and entered into the Olympic program only in 2000.
Jumping into the water is a popular Olympic sport. During the flight, the athlete performs various acrobatic tricks. The jumper should have a force, dexterity, a sense of equilibrium and the ability to concentrate. This discipline is close to gymnastics and dances.
History
Since ancient times, people have loved to jump into the water from height. However, for the first time it began to be considered sports in the 1880s, after the competition in England.
In the same country, High diving is widespread - jumping from a high height. The first special tower for such leisure was built in 1893 at a height of approximately 4.5 m. And in 1895, the Royal Society of Salvation of Life held the first world championship in this sport. It was at this event that the Swedish athletes first demonstrated to the world acrobatics in the jump. This event pushed to the creation of the association of lovers of jumps in the water in 1901, which after united with the association of amateurs swimmers.
For the first time, this sport was presented at the 1904 Olympic Games in the American city of St. Louis. Women were able to join competitions in 1912 in Stockholm, Sweden.
Types and classification
Jumping are performed with two types of shells: springboard for jumping into water and tower. Sproflin is a long spring board located at an altitude of 1 or 3 meters. Tower is a construction with several hard platforms at an altitude of 1, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 meters.
There are 6 groups of jumpsdefining the position of the athlete in front and rotation during execution:
In flight, the jumper body can take one of the following provisions:
- direct - with straight legs (complex level);
- bent - the legs are straight, the housing will bend (medium level);
- in the grouping - the body forms the shape of the ball, the hands hold the ankle, the socks are elongated (easy).
In addition, the jump can begin with a runway or without it. And it also happens that the first half of the flight athlete holds the torso straight, and the hands stretched to the sides (phase of the flight), and then takes the standard position.
Each jump is awarded its number consisting of 3 digits and one letter. The first number determines the jump group, from 1 to 6. The number on the second position may be 0 or 1, where 0 is a regular jump, and 1 is a phase of the flight. The third number indicates the number of half-coordinates. And the letter denotes the position in which the jump is executed (from A to D).
Competitions
Most competitions consist of three disciplines: Jumping from a springboard at an altitude of 1 and 3 meters, and from the tower. Athletes are divided by gender and often by age groups. Their performance is estimated depending on how well they performed all the elements, and how much spray was when immersed in water. Maximum 10 points are divided into three parts. 3 points for start, 3 - for the flight, and 3 - for the entry. Another point remains free for the flexibility of refereeing.
Champions and records
At the third summer Olympic Games (1904), this sport was first represented by two disciplines: jumping from tower and jumping. In the first competition, George Sheldon conquered Gold, in the second - William Dicks from America.
At the Summer Olympic Games of 1948, where for the first time two disciplines were combined into one, there were three golden winners. Among the men, it was Bruce Harlan (3 m Springboard) and Sammy Lee (tower 10 m). Among women - Victoria Drevs, who won in two competitions. All gold and silver medalists were representatives of America.
In the program of the Summer Olympic Games of 2000 in Sydney first appeared synchronous jumps in water. In the jumps from the springboard (3 m) gold won XUN neither and Xiao Heilyan from China, from the towers (10 m) - Russian athletes Dmitry Soutin and Igor Lukashin. Among women in the same disciplines won Russians of Vera Ilyin and Julia Pakhalin and China representatives - Lee and San Xue.
In terms of gold medals, Chinese jumpers distinguished most. Jingjin is a 4-fold Olympic champion and a 10-fold world champion. Milna and Chen Zholin won the Olympic Games 5 times. To this, Milna 8 times tried in the World Championships, and Chen Zolin - 5. There are still fu mining, which four times won the Olympic Games, and twice - in the world championship.
Among the Olympic champions, the most titled among men is american Greg Luganis. On his account 4 gold medals. And also 5 times he conquered the title of the best jumper in the world.
Russian athlete Dmitry Sautin became the winner of the Olympic Games twice. Among his achievements is that he is the only one in history who won 8 Olympic awards in this sport.
The highest jump in the water was committed in 2015. Athlete-extremal Laso Shalle from Sweden jumped from a height of almost 59 meters. By this, he survived the Rendella Dickinson's record, which in 1985 jumped from a height of 53.23 m.
It would seem that little interesting is to look at how people jump into the water. Almost all of us at least once in life jumped from tower or dived. But jumping in the water that this is a kind of sport, where it is also present.
Athletes are trained for years before submitting to the audience and judges. Children's and youth schools are opened, in which they are taught by Azam, and subsequently hony the technique.
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Having achieved perfection in art to jump into the water, former pupils participate in international expectations. During the competition, the judges give an assessment to the quality of the performance of elements and the purity of the entrance to the water surface.
Who first began to jump into the water
Archaeologists cannot accurately establish when people began to show an increased interest in height jumping, but it is reliably known that it happened long before the onset of our era.
It is enough to look at the wall fresco of Etruscans with the image of a young man jumping from the cliff in the sea. His posture - with a strongly elongated body and outstretched hands - something reminds of modern jumpers.
In any case, the ancient Greeks, the tribesmen of the famous Homer, paid great attention to physical culture.
This generation practiced jumps into the water, seeking to develop in their children such a constellation of excellent qualities:
- courage;
- persistence;
- self-discipline;
- the desire to overcome the complexes.
The last item hints at the fear of height, manifested in many boys in early childhood. Making jumps, they got rid of fear. By and large, jumping can teach a person to own their body in the conditions of finding in water elements and the ability to extremely concentrated.
You can recall the legendary Ikara, who really wanted to fly. It is likely to contribute to the implementation of this desire at least once wanted most of those living.
Jumping, a person is experiencing a completely unmatched feeling of flight, so it is not surprising that people of antiquity tried to feel like birds fly at least in this way.
As for Russia, its inhabitants have always differed courage and determination, especially in a drunk. According to eyewitnesses, many Russians argued their courage surrounding their courage, jumping into the water from piles and bridges.
What features this sport has
Athletes have to jump from the tag and springboards. Of course, the place for the competition must be appropriately equipped. According to Wikipedia, the springboard board the length is 4, 8m, and the anti-slip coating is laid throughout its surface.
In addition, springboard has other features:
- it is made of duralumin to achieve maximum spring quality;
- his front edge retreats from the edge of the pool for one and a half meters;
- its width is oh, 5m.
Recently, it is customary to enjoy on the competition with a special unit, which is mechanically creating easy excitement on the surface of water in order to make the athlete standing on the tower or springboard, it is easy to calculate the distance to the water.
What kind of sport without classifications?
Individual and synchronous jumps are divided into groups according to the following parameters:
- racks. There are rear, front racks and hand stands;
- by wage. You can jump running around, but you can just get into the quarry;
- by body position. The athlete can start a jump, pre-accepted the flawed, bent position or grouped;
- on the screws and turns. There are also semi-shots and semi-shifters.
Immediately after an indicative speech athletes - both men and women - enter a small swimming pool with warm water in order to relax muscles, overly tense during the performance. In addition, this is done on hygienic requirements.
Before the competitions of men wear melting with cuffs, and swimsuits are provided for representatives of weaker sex. At the same time, the material from which these accessories was made is greater thances, rather than the equipment for the usual. This is natural, because with a sharp contact with water, strong friction occurs.
When performing a jump, the athlete passes three phases:
- from how the phase of repulsion is made, the quality of rotation of the body around the axis depends, as well as departure and direction;
- in the flight phase, the athlete controls the speed and has rotated on the transverse and longitudinal axes;
- in the dive phase, the main thing is to enter the water, creating the smallest amount of spray.
Jumping in the water that it is, undoubtedly, a fight between the most bold, persistent and physically endless athletes. In addition, it is not worth discounting and aesthetic component. Particularly beautifully looks at the speeches of athletes, acting pairs.
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