Assess the hunting trophies in the monetary terms - the horns of moose, deer and roe deer, Kabani fangs, wolf, bearish, trothes and skulls - it is impossible, and we are not trying to do it. The international scale of the estimation of trophies is established, according to which the bronze, silver or gold medals are awarded by the trophy points.

Hunting trophy - elk

Not every hunter is destined to get the beast with luxurious branched horns or a large skull. This happens rarely: one copy per dozens, and sometimes onto a hundred individuals. In fact, the trophies can also be considered the feathers of birds, claws of hawks, even a string and bullets, which animal killed. About successful hunting can remind, for example, the longest flying feather from the shoulder of the shooting Valdshnepa. Such a feather hunter attaches to his hat, and by the end of the season in the number of feathers on the hat can be said how hard it was his hand and a root eye. Hunters on bears and trophies are considered valuable trophies not only skins and skulls, but also claws of animals. Sometimes claws are inserted into silver capsules, which engraved the hunting date, and wear them on a chain from a compass, hunting horn or other hunting accessories.

The magnificent trophies of the hunt are the stuffed birds, moose heads, roasted, boars. One of the most beautiful trophies is muffhary scarecrow. Unfortunately, the cooler became a rare bird in Estonia and is under guard. However, if the hunter still deserved the right to hunt him, he mined a muffuhar, but for some reason it does not have the opportunity to make it even a fan-like tail of this bird for him can serve as an excellent trophy for him.

How was the tradition of keeping hunting trophies? It can be assumed that the roots go back in the distant, past. In the ancient hunting tribes, those who had a lot of skins and in whose families a woman wore fangs as decoration and claws of the most dangerous predators was evidenced by the fearlessness and luckyness of the hunter. Then the hunting trophies began to compare in size and beauty. According to such indicators, as length, diameter, mass, they began to evaluate only in the last century. The most valuable trophies were recognized wild animals. Fangs, skulls and skins began to evaluate later, for example, kaban's fangs were first rated at the international exhibition of hunting trophies in 1937.

From the comparison of hunting trophies rose the need to demonstrate them. The first exhibition of trophies took place in 1891 in Hungary, and the first international one - in 1910 in Vienna. The method of assessing trophies was constantly improved at international hunter congresses. After World War II, larger exhibitions were organized in 1954 in Düsseldorf (2639 trophies from 20 countries were exposed), in 1967. - in the Yugoslav city of Novi-Garden (2278 of the 18 countries) and in 1971 - in Budapest ( 5061 Exhibits from 33 countries). Among the trophies from our country at the exhibition in Novi Garden were 6 moose horns and 5 roasted, mined in Estonia. In Budapest, 564 trophies from Russia were shown, of which 327 were marked with gold and 149 silver medals.

The most representative in the number of trophies and design should be considered an exhibition organized in 1991 in Plovdiv (Bulgaria) - it can rightly be called the World Hunting Exhibition, since, in addition to 12,500 hunting trophies, hunting and fishing accessories were presented here, hunting rifles , as well as philatelic, numismatic, book and artistic expositions on the hunting topic. The extensive exhibition was the exhibition of the exhibition: some hunting trophies from Bulgaria numbered 2800.

In a separate pavilion, an exposition dedicated to nature and animal to the world of Bulgaria, which gave such rich trophies.

The spacious pavilion was exposed to 1100 trophies of 40 varieties, of which 740 were awarded gold, 219 silver and 103 bronze medals, 45 trophies received a large prize and 7 were declared the champions of the exhibition.

The admiration of the visitors of the exhibition was caused by a collection of valuable powdered from Russia. The exhibition was exhibited by the skiing of Rysy, mined in Estonia. It was estimated at 188.51 points - world record! In general, the collection of triych skins from the republics of the Baltic deserves special attention Experts, and we as a result of this stopped the free shooting of the tricks, set the timing of hunting for the purpose of obtaining the highest quality furs, as well as the limits of shooting to areas to maintain the population.

Hunting trophy - wolf

The champion of the exhibition in Plovdiv became a skull of a ryry, also produced by an Estonian hunter (28.8 points). Big prize He was awarded the horns of the roar, shot in our republic. And yet: worthy gold medals were recognized on the Plovdiv exhibition two Estonian hounds.

It should also be noted the international exhibition of hunting trophies of socialist countries held at the end of the summer of 1990 in the city of Nitra as part of the agricultural exhibition. This exhibition was agreed with the International Union of Hunting and Protection of Beasts, and the assessment of trophies was made by the International Expert Commission (it gives the owners of trophies the right to submit them to other exhibitions with the points awarded here). In Nytra, 4576 trophies of 19 varieties were rated.

In 1980, 3 exhibition of hunting trophies took place in Moscow. It was conducted on the territory of the VDNH and was devoted to the Olympic Games. It was exposed on it 1450 trophies of 35 types of varieties, including 117 horns, 32 horns of saigas and 26 - Marals, 42 Kabanih fang.

So, at present, the exposure to hunting trophies has become very popular, and as a result, many hunters began to refer to the hunt completely differently than before. Now there are often cases when the hunter does not shoot an animal from which you can get only meat, and deliberately misses it in the hope that I will meet the beast with valuable trophy.

On a global scale, the hunt for trophies has become a very prestigious business. The hunters seek to get luxurious horns who can qualify for the title of champion.

Hunting trophies Hunters were represented at all major exhibitions of recently, and many are awarded medals. One of the largest was 2 exhibition hunting trophies of the Baltic States, held in Tallinn at the end of summer. Hunters presented 333 exhibits, of which 275 received medals. The assessment was made by the International Level Commission and on the International System. Of the 177 trophies of Estonian hunters, the medals were awarded 176, the results achieved significantly increased the interest of hunters for collecting trophies, their proper processing and storage.

Now exhibitions in the Baltic republics are arranged every two years and they are represented by trophies mined in two previous years.

The fifth exhibition of hunting trophies Baltic States took place in Tallinn in 1980 and was devoted to the Olympic regatta. This time it was rated only 1197 trophies (246 horns of noble deer, 193 pairs of mowing horns, horns of 2 marals and 115 Kosul, 398 Kabani fang, 36 wolf skins and 132 wolf skulls, as well as 45 tricky skulls), 300 were awarded Gold medal, 387 - silver and 396 - bronze.

Our hunters collectibles of trophies had to do: exhibitions of trophies began to organize even district hunting clubs. The first such exhibition took place in the Palace of Culture of Kohtla-Järve. Here were exhibited in the main trophies mined by local hunters, but trophies from neighboring districts were also presented. There were many visitors at the exhibition, and we can assume that the event was managed.

Per last years The number of trophies worthy of medals has increased. It is interesting to note that most of the excellent elms horns, for example, was mined in the Northern and Western regions of Estonia. Apparently, in these areas the feed base is more suitable for elk, the most favorable chemical composition of vegetation.

It has been established that the number of valuable trophies increases with a selection of animal selection, ensuring the viability of the population. In practice, we demand that male moose, whose horns have 4-7 processes, hunters did not shoot: such males represent the greatest value as tribal animals and a potential reserve for obtaining valuable trophies. The adjustment of methods and the timing of hunting, selective shooting, biotechnical works we carry out with such a calculation so that you can get as much valuable trophies as possible.

Horn, fangs, skins and other trophies should be processed accordingly. In the course of this work, hunters will learn a lot of new things for themselves, acquire the necessary skills. Horn and skins that do not represent special value are used for the manufacture of souvenirs, buttons, home shoes, yagdatasha and other items. The manufacture of stuffed animals and birds requires a large skill and skill and most hunters are not under power. It is very important, therefore, so that the masters of Taxidermists transmitted their experience in talented youth. The manufacture of other trophies is less difficult, and in this case can try the strength every hunter.

In our time, the collecting of trophies and respective attitude should be considered one of the main signs of hunting culture.

Nowadays, the hunt has lost its former crucial importance in the development of society. But now the value of hunting in the formation of a human spiritual world is great. More and more such hunters are becoming more hunters who produce the beast not for the sake of material benefits, but from love to the process of hunting, to communicate with nature.

Getting a hunting trophy is the highest aesthetic pleasure of the hunter and the reward for his courage, dexterity and skill. In the conditions of a highly organized hunting economy, regular rejection of patients and lagging in the development of animals, which prevents the negative consequences of chase on the largest trophies to some degree.

Selective animal shooting allows you to select best manufacturers And to form a population of animals, distinguished by high trophy advantages, it is constantly improving it and maintain many years to obtain in the future the best trophies.

The quality of the hunting trophy depends primarily from the hereditary deposit of the organism of the animal and environmental factors. In this regard, the properties of the trophy characterize not only the individual features of the animal, but also the conditions for its habitat, the degree of its provision of full feeds, the necessary feeding, the presence of various kinds of diseases, etc.

According to the values \u200b\u200bof the mined trophies, one can judge in general about the overall state of the hunting animal population.

Characteristics of trophies and their assessment

Our country's hunters annually shoot tens of thousands of various hunting animals, receiving high-quality meat, skins, horns. Sophisticated animal trophies enjoy the greatest popularity. The characteristic of the hunting trophy, on the structure of the horns of wild ungulates, can be divided into dens and geriums.

A characteristic feature of the damnings is the development of branchy males, annually alternating bone horns. Females, with the exception of the reindeer, the horns do not happen. The horns are formed on bone outgrowths of frontal bones. After changing the horns, the top of the bone hemp is covered by special cartilage and skin with short thick hair. In the spring of these hemps grow new, young horns. They are soft, covered with skin, permeated with blood vessels and nerves. As the horns are growing, they turn out, they are cleaned from the skin and turn into bone dense tissue.

The horns of the gerium develops not from the bone substance, like the density, but by the epidermis. They have the type of covers attached to the bone rods of the frontal bones. The horns never branch out and do not change, are characteristic of mostly male, but come in females. The horns are usually small. Greaves include goats, rams, antelopes and bulls.

Measurements of hunting trophies are carried out in strict accordance with the existing international or national rules, each element of the trophy is measured with great accuracy, since it depends on this point and then the reward received.

To measure the length, an elastic dimensional ribbon is used with a width of no more than 0.5-0.7 mm with a mandatory accurate millimeter division scale. If the cloth tape, it should not stretch, before measuring it should be checked with a measured metal tape measure.

You need to know the features of measurement of each element of the trophy

Thus, the circle of horns are measured by the most narrow ribbon - 0.5 cm, since there are many different tubercles (deer), transverse rings (rams) on the horns (beans) on the horns. The length of the horns are always measured along the outside, ranging from the very base to the top point of the vertex. The skins of predatory animals are measured by a measurable ribbon with millimeter divisions.

When measuring the skulls of predators, the width of the kaban fangs, in some cases, when measuring the scope of the horns, use the caliper. The horns of deer and granulated hoofs, skulls and hits of predators are measured in centimeters with an accuracy of 0.1 cm, girth of kaban fangs and cabaggia - in millimeters, up to 0.1 mm. Weighing brain horns, roasuli produce up to 10g no earlier than three months after their prey.

The assessment is based on the score system. To measure some elements of trophies, special coefficients are introduced, which multiplies the results of the precursors of these elements. Elk, from representatives of Olenih, the most common trophies in our country are elk horns. In the males moose, the first horns in the form of a heaven grown in the second year of life, in the third year the Wilk Horn develops. Until five to six years, the number of processes may coincide with age. The growth of new horns begins in April, discharge their bulls in November, December.

The highest power of the horns reach 10-12 years. Elk's horns are extremely changeable both in size and in shape. The most common horns of vopotoxy. Round bases of horns are moving into wide shovels carrying numerous processes. The shovels are slightly concave on top, their plane is a bit forward and then issued aside. Shovels There are whole, not divided into sections, but often there are horns with a wide massive shovel, divided into two parts: a smaller - front, with a twisted at the end of a powerful process, and a large-rear, separated from the front rather deep narrowing of the shovel.

The horns of the so-called deer type, or stem-shaped, do not have loyaded it in the meeting. Thick short trunks of such horns are symmetrically branched in a horizontal plane, forming up to five, less often up to six longer and powerful processes on each rog. Such horns compared to vopotoxic produce impressed small and lungs. If the mass of the rogues of vopatoy-like in the European and Eastosibirsk moose reaches 20-35 kg, then the reindeer (branched) horns of the Ussuri moose is 5-8kg. For almost forty years at international and national exhibitions, elk horns were evaluated only by a vopotoxic form.

In 1972 At the international advantage of hunters for the first time, Polish representatives made a reasonable proposals for the evaluation of reindeer horns, and in 1975. After discussion at the meeting, the method of evaluating reindeer horns was approved as an international. Evaluation of moose horns.

1. The girth of the stems of each horns is measured at a distance of 4 cm from the sockets. The sum of the results of the industrial gives a score.

2. Range of horns are measured between the most remote one from the opposite processes of both shovels. The results are multiplied by the coefficient of 0.5 (Fig. 63/1).

3. The length of each horns is measured by their outer surface from the end of the very remote top process to the island of the longest front process. The results are folded, divided by two.

4. The width of the shovel is measured along the outer surface (in the widest place of a solid shovel, in the interval between the proceedings) along the line passing by the possibility of parallel to the axis of the horns. The results are summarized and multiplied by two. With a split shovel, the width is always measured on the rear shovel, even if the front shovel is wider than the rear. According to international rules, the measurement of reindeer horns is somewhat different from measuring the vopotoxic horns (Fig.63 / 2). The first three dimensions (girth, scope and the length of the horns) are measured in the same way as the vopotary-like, but then instead of the width of the horns, the gripping of processes is measured. To do this, choose the longest processes, but not more than five on each trunk. On these processes make a chalk mark in the middle of their length, exactly in this place are measured by their circle (girth). The results are summarized and multiplied by the coefficient of 0.65; The results serve as a score.

5. Determine the average length of the processes on both horns. The processes having a length of less than 2 cm are not taken into account. The length of the processes is measured by their outer side. When assessing vopotoxic horns, when the average length of all processes is less than 5 cm, the points do not put. With the average length of the processes, more than 5 cm trophy is fed one point for each centimeter (maximum to 15 points). When evaluating branched horns, the number of points is recorded equal to the average length of all processes. 6. Calculate the number of processes on both shovels.

For processes take only those whose length is at least 2 cm and exceeds their width at the base. In the browninous horns for each process over ten post 1 point, when evaluating branching horns for each process, they put 1 points on 1 point, maximally account for up to five processes at each rog. If the horn of the moose can not be attributed to neither vopotoxic, nor to branches, they are measured and as vopotovy, and as branched. A higher estimate is final.

Fig. 63/1. Measurement of moose horns:

1-vopatoic.

Discount when evaluating horns

Discount when evaluating the horns of any form is installed up to 8 points: for a significant difference in the length of the processes and for the asymmetry of the horns.

Noble deer

The horns of noble deer differ in complex structure. In the second year of life, straight horns grow in young animals. From the age of 2, branchy horns are formed in males, they are completely developed to 5 years of age.

In an adult deer from the base of the horns - the socket develops the main barrel, or the rod, on each trunk there are first and second superlord processes; Behind them - the third and fourth. If the horn has more than five processes, then the end processes, as a rule, are diverted to the side of the bush and form up the crown or bowl.

Fig. 63/2. Measurement of moose horns:

2 - branches.

The most valuable trophies

The most valuable trophies for noble deer are aged 12-15 years, larger adult animals have more powerful horns. The old males horns grow thinner and short, the number of processes is reduced, symmetry is often disturbed.

The rating of the horns of the noble deer is rather complicated, includes plants of many elements and requires certain skills. In addition to the industrial, they determine the mass of horns, evaluate the form of the crown, the color of horns and graininess. Therefore, the evaluation of the horns of the noble deer should be produced by experienced experts. Mary is spread in Altai mountain forests, Sayan, Baikalia. This is the largest deer. Horns are big, thick. The external structure they differ from the horns of other deer.

The first nightlife proceeds begins, at the socket itself, the second superlord (ice) and the third are located near the other. On each; Horn no more than six - eight processes, the longest-hard. In this place, the rog makes a rather sharp break and down. The horn ends more often by two processes, but if more, they always lie in the same plane and the crowns do not form. Razubr lives in the mountain forests of Transbaikalia and the Far East.

He is less maras, he has lighter horns with five-sixth process. The trunks of the horns are shorter, but in thickness sometimes surpass the horns of Marala, the collapse of the horns less. The biggest process is the fourth, but developed weaker; Like the maral, the horn is dramatically bent back and down. The crowns at the ends of the horns also does not happen. Roe. The young males horns appear in the fall in the first year of life in the form of small protrusions.

In the spring of next year, they have a kind of simple rods; But sometimes the first processes appear. In winter, the young male reces the story for the first time, and the horns with two three ends grow to spring. In the fourth year, the horns achieve full development, but the most valuable trophies at the roaster are at the age of six - nine years. In terms of its structure, the horns roar are divided into two types. European-type horns are small, their length is usually equal to the length of the skull or somewhat exceeds it.

The trunks of the horns on the skull are arranged and directed almost in parallel with one other, but sometimes they make a weak lire-like bend. On the horns, as a rule, no more than three processes; One is sent forward (front), the second - back, the third - up (end of the horns).

At the bottoms of the horns almost in contact with one with another large outlets. On sockets and trunks, tubercles are developed (pearls, or pearls). They are larger and somewhat rougher on the inner and back sides of the horns and sometimes rises along the trunk to the base of the third process. The length of the horns rarely has more than 30 cm. The horns of the Siberian Tana is significantly larger than European, in width; Skull (more than 45 cm), more often their shapes, are wider, they diverge to the parties, forming a much greater scope.

Their vertices are often caught inside towards one another, and the rear processes are split at the ends. The front processes are also directed inside. The rosures of the horns of the Siberian roe are more often developed weaker than the European roe. The tuberculosis is less thick, the tubercles are larger, the processes up to 2 cm. On each rog from three to five processes.

In our country, five species of the roe are inhabited, of them, the Far Eastern, North Caucasian and two subspecies of Siberian possess the horns of the Siberian type and the European roe of the smallest size with the horns of the European type. Evaluation of root crops is also complex. It requires not only a large number of different industries, determining the scale of horns, and the determination of their volume, without having a volumetric vessel, to evaluate the horns of roasted is almost impossible.

Boar

The trophies of the boar are the bottom and upper fangs. They have a trighed cross section of the outer part and round in the part that are in the skull. The ends of the upper fangs have dark brown or black (opal) color. The lower fangs are bent bent, have a triangular cross section: they are often called daggers.

Fangs grow in an animal all their life, the length of the lower fangs can reach more than 30 cm. The largest trophies belong to Ussuri Kabana, the smallest - Zabaykalsky. Evaluation of kaban fangs.

1. The length of the lower fangs is determined by the outer arc from the root to the top point, the results are folded, divided into two, the points are obtained (Fig. 64).

2. The width of the right and left lower fangs is measured in the widest place, the results are summarized, divided into two, the average value is multiplied by the three coefficient. The upper fangs circle are measured in the thick place. The results are folded, the points are obtained.

The allowance is provided up to 5 points per color, symmetry, magnitude, the twisted of the upper fangs and a discount of up to 10 points for underdeveloped, ugly fangs.

Fig. 64. Measuring boar fangs.

Goats and rams

Hunting on mountain goats and rams is extremely limited and is predominantly a sporty character, most of these animals produce residents of high-mountainous regions.

Products of hunting fishery mainly goes to personal consumption, such valuable trophies, like a horns, hunters are often thrown in place. But if the hunter weighted the value of meat and the value of the mined horns, for which he can not only get different awards, but also to decorate the museum, local, international exhibitions, he would certainly prefer to endure from the place of hunting not meat, but a trophy. Goats differ from the rams with a more slender physique, beard, have a specific smell.

The horns are never twisted with a spiral, like a ram, from the sides are siled, on the front, there are deep transverse plaques. Current trophies are the horns of the Siberian goat, the vintage and without a female goat, Dagestan and Kuban tours. Of these, the vintorogne and the loose goat are listed in the Red Book. The hunt for them is completely prohibited, but in hunting organizations, museums, as well as individual hunters are kept these trophies mined in past years.

Among the mountain goats are the largest horns, a stone goat, or Siberian Capricorn, has. The horns of this goat have a sick-shaped bend of different steepness, with well-pronounced ribs of a triangular form. Dagestan and Kuban tours are distributed only in our country. The horns of the Dagestan tour of black, in cross section almost round, the surface is covered with shallow transverse wrinkles.

In the form of horns, it is sharply different from all other species of wild goats. From the forehead horns are heading first upwards and on the sides, then backwards and slightly down and, finally, go inside to the neck, and the ends diverge to the sides. The length of them reaches more than 100 cm. The Kuban tour of the saber-shaped horns are strongly diverted to the sides, the side edges are rounded, on the front face there are transverse bumps. This is the most fallen and short-rod goat (the length of the horns up to 75cm).

Unlike the Kozlov horns, the rams are massive, in the cross section of triangular, they have clearly expressed transverse folds and twisted in males spiral. In the form and dimensions of the branners, it can be divided into three first - mouflons. These are the rams of average size, they include mouflons, Bukhara Baran and Steppe Baran Arcal. They have small horns, they do not form a full spiral during bending, the ends in adult males are directed forward or forward and inward. The form of horns is very modified, but the entire bending of horns from the base up to the ends is in the same plane; Second -argali.

These are large rams. The horns have a distinct spiral shape, their ends fall below the neck and are strongly bent out. Altai Baran Argali, the Pamir Baran - Arkhar, or Kachkar, Turkmen Baran, Kazakhstani, etc.; Third-Skiff Baran -Chubuk, or Tolstorn. In size, it is less than the Altai and Pamir Barana, but the ebony horn is very massive and heavy, especially at the base, with smoothed transverse wrinkles, the front faces are wide and flat, but the collapse of the spiral bend is very variable.

When measuring the horns of the Siberian goat, the roller, the rampant goats and the Kuban tour make the following industries:

1. The greatest swings are measured on the outer sides of the horns or their ends. If the scope is larger than the longest horns, then the difference serves as a discount.

2. The length of the horns is measured by its front surface from the lower edge of the horn cover and before its end. Difference in the length make a discount.

3. Girth of horns are measured in four places, for this, the longest horn is divided into four equal parts. At a shorter horn, the end part will be shorter than three others. The horns of the tour Dagestan measure on the same system.

Predatory animals

The trophies of predatory animals are their skins and skulls. In the measurement methodology, the skins of the bear, wolf, lynx (Fig. 65.) There are small differences.

For those who want to measure the skins below, a summary table is provided.

Elements of measuring trophies.
1. Length of the skins from the tip of the nose to the end tail or before its root.	Without tail.	With tail tip.	With tail.
2 The width of the skins in the narrow place (the balls are accrued).			X (width + scope)
3. Rate of the front paws from the base of the middle claw right paw to the base of the clawing of the left paw.	Not measured.	Not measured.	Measured.

For the skins are allowed to be allowed to 25-30% of the total number of points for the length, luxury, uniformity and shine of the hair cover, the presence of the mane at the wolf, Benbard and the mustache in feline.

Fig. 65.

Measurement of the group skins: lynx.

Processing and design of hunting trophies

Correctly processed and decorated animal skins, horns I can fang wild units are valuable trophy exhibits, have a deep emotional impact on the audience.

Not yet proceeding to the direct processing of hunting trophy, the hunter must take care of him at the hunt site, since very often damage to trophies is during their transportation.

Treatment of skulls

In the processing of the skull includes its purification, digestion, fusion, degreasing, whitening and, finally, the choice of the stand and installation. First of all, the skull is removed from the brain with a scraper, stirring it to a soft state, and removed through the occipital hole without expanding it. You can also use a wooden spatula or wire crochet instead of a scraper, with a wretched wand.

Then the cranial box is washed under a strong jet of flow water. When cleaning the skull in standing water, a table salt is added to it, the water is often stirred and change. There are several ways to determine the skull, but the most simple and fast - the digestion of the skull in water. The skull is lowered in cold water and put the dishes on fire; In no case should it be lowered in boiling water. During cooking with a scraper or tweezers with a skull, the tendons and cuts of meat are constantly removed. With boiling water remove foam and dirt.

If the skull is digested without removing the horns, then at the necessary height to the horns are attached a stick or a plate, which is put on the edges of the dishes with such a calculation so that the horns are not immersed in water. The bottom of the horns are wrapped with a white cloth in order to avoid the action on them boiling water and steam. Skulls of goats and rams are separated from horns; If the horny covers are not removed, they are wrapped with a cloth and watered with hot water until the eyes are removed.

After processing the skull, the horny covers are planted on the rods of the skull. The duration of the boiling of the skull is 1.5-3.5 hours, depending on the size, type and age of the animal. Especially attentive should be when processing the skulls of small hoofs, whose bones do not grow. When cooking such skulls every few minutes check how meat is separated from bones. With the easiest of its compartment, boiling is stopped not to destroy the bones of the skull. When muscles, and tendons are welded to sufficient softness, the skull is lowered into clean water for cooling and begin to clean it.

The softened widowed meat is separated by tweezers, and embroiled with a skull of a ligament scrape a scalpel or a knife. Then the cranial box is cleaned of brain residues, films are immersed by 8 hours into water, then removed and dried into the shadow on the draft. After cleaning the skulls, it is performed. The deer, goats, the rams are best to save the skull of the whole. Such a trophy is more valuable, since the erase of teeth can always determine the age of the animal. The lower jaw is recommended to attach to the trophy with a cord or thin wire.

If the horns are large and massive, then only the base of the skull with teeth is removed. At the same time, not only the nasal, but also intercelion bones and the tops of the orphanage are preserved. The base of the skull is fused by a surgical or carpentry saw with small teeth, an in advance of a line of lying. For this, the skull is immersed in water so that only those parts that need to be kept with horns remain over the water. Having strengthened it in this position, the water level is tagged, then remove the skull out of the water and the line is driving. When drinking the skull should be in a wet state, otherwise the dry bones will easily crumble.

Fat stains on the surface of the skull are removed using a 10% solution of ammonic alcohol. In this solution, the skull is plunged by 24 hours. Good degreasing agents - chloroform, gasoline, ether. Fatty places are enough to wipe with a cotton swatter in one of these solutions. Another method - the washed skull is plated by cotton or gauze, laid into a closed dishes and poured a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide to a height of 2-3 cm. 5 ml of 25% ammonia solution. The whitening of the skulls of small predators lasts 4-5 hours, large skulls of hoofs-15-20 h.

Fast skull whitening method

A quick method of bleaching is a boiling of a skull for 5-15 minutes (depending on the magnitude of the skull) in a 25% solution of ammonia alcohol. They monitor the horns to be water. Upon completion of boiling, a 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide and, without flushing it, dried a skull several times on hot bones. Work with hydrogen peroxide is better in rubber gloves.

After whitening, lightweight cosmetics of horns and skulls are allowed, light horns can be slightly tinted with a weak solution of potassium mangartage or influence of walnuts, for this shell is lowered in hot water and insist several hours. Hanging the horns need to be very careful, as the experts can make a discount in the evaluation of the experts, and for ineptly tinted - remove from the competition. The coverage of horns of lacquer or other dyes is not permitted, otherwise they will not be allowed to participate in competitions.

Before carrying out cosmetics, skull should be tied in a plastic bag. The tips of the processes of the referees of the deer can be worked to polish small emery paper. To impart brilliance, dry horn tassel is deceived by paraffin dissolved in gasoline. After drying the solution, the horns are starting to brilliantly with a brush. To eliminate the roughness skull, it is polished with thin sandpaper and wipe the chalk powder dissolved in denaturate.

The talc is applied to a purely rubbish and coated with a thin layer of a liquid solution of a colorless synthetic varnish or wipe the bones with a wool moistened in the polyureture. Such varnipment is usually carried out by the turtles of predatory animals.

Treatment of kaban fangs

To remove the fangs of the boar, a part of the face of the beast between eyes and fangs, this piece of muzzles should be at least as long as the visible part of the lower fangs. The scaled part is placed in a cold water boiler so that it is completely disappeared under water. The water is adjusted to a boil and boil the fangs on slow fire 2-3 hours.

After cooking jaws with fangs, removed from the boiler and, without giving it to cool, remove the fangs. The upper fangs are usually removed easily, and to extract the bottom, they need to be 3-5 cm stretched forward, and then carefully open the jaw bones on the back side so that the fangs freely come out. Then put in a hot water boiler for cooling. Copling in oily water, they drink with fat and acquire a protective layer. Fangs can not be left without water and washed cold, water.

After cooling from the fangs, remove the nerves, wipe interior surface Washing and dried, to avoid cracking the fangs inside and on top are rubbed with paraffin. So that they do not spoil from changing moisture, they can be covered with a thin layer of synthetic varnish.

Bleach fangs should not be bleached. The inner part of the fangs can be filled with BF glue, or epoxy resin, or a cotton swab in epoxy resin. It is even better to fill fangs with wax or paraffin. They should be stored at the same temperature and away from the heating devices.

Caring for trophies

Currently, trophies are regarded as works of art. As valuable exhibits, they require constant attention and care, they need to be protected from dust, dirt, dirt, mold, and skins - from moths and leberbers. These insects do not carry sharp odors, they die from the evaporation of naphthalene, the resin of coniferous trees, the smell of the richness. A good disinfectant is a servo carbon, which, when combustion, forms a poisonous substance, destroying not only moles and beetles, but also their larvae.

Periodically, the skins should be cleaned, wiping them several times with sawdust of hardwood, mixed with gasoline. It is necessary to observe precautions. Well skins clean washed with pure river sand. It is heated to a hot state and scattered through the dismoccated skin. A lump brushed sand into the fur, repeating it several times until the sand gave fat and dirt. After cleaning the skin is well shaken and thoroughly ventilated.

After such processing, the skins acquire a fresh look. Old or very contaminated skulls are washed with a rigid brush in warm water with soap, then wrap marley and boiled in soft water, after drying them, they are whiten by 15% hydrogen peroxide solution. Contaminated horns can not be washed with any washing powders, it is better to wash them with warm water, wiping with a rigid brush. Very often, the trophy skulls of ungulates break in the middle. They are glued from the inside with glue BF or epoxy resin, pulling the skull to drying with rope or rubber stripes.

Spilled in the middle line of the skull of large animals (elk, maral, etc.) with glue to hold on the seam is very difficult, so such a skull is better filling with epoxy, resin from the inside. For the device of the future fastening of the skull to the medallion inside it, it is possible to pave two or three small wooden lumps and pour the inner part of the Epoxy-resin skull so that the lumps have stood in it. Before drying the skull, it is necessary to strip in the vice.

Periodically, all trophies must be checked so that they are in order to put them in a timely manner. Installation of hunting trophies. Well treated trophies are strengthened on special medallion stands. Medallions may have a circle form, oval, shield, etc. But in all cases, the form and dimensions of the medallion should not attract the viewer's attention more than the trophy, so they are not recommended to decorate; The stand must be modest compared to trophy.

The length of the stand depends on the shape and size of the trophy. Medallions are made with a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm thick, depending on the mass of the trophy.

For the manufacture of the stand use

For the manufacture of the stand, spruce, pine, fir, oak, beech, birch, oxa are used. The surface of the flower stand should be harmonized with the color of the trophy, furniture and the room where the trophy will be posted. The stand can be black or brown, covered with colorless varnish, you can burn it, giving it the corresponding color. Good stands are obtained from a round log, a hill or a birch birch board with a bark or without a bark. The harvested stand is cleaned with a skin, burn or coated with a verse.

For small trophies, small carved stands can be made of wood. It is not recommended to make stands from polished wood; It is allowed if such a stand will be harmonized with room furniture. The horns of deer, the roar, prepared with the skull, can be hung and without a medallion on the wall. In the installation of any trophies, it should always be remembered that in case of their assessment, they should be easily removed from the medallion and attached, this applies to deer horns, roe, kiban fangs. The most difficult way to make a stand for branners horns.

The form of these horns is such that it is impossible to hang them on the wall without a device. In this regard, a special protrusion is made on the medallion, and a trophy is mounted on it. Such horns can be suspended on a beautiful durable cord, which is passed through the occipital openings and holes in the wall, and on the reverse side they are tied. You can make a stand for branger horns from a piece of circular log, scuffing it to the desired height.

The upper part is better cut at an angle of 30 °. The size of the top of the log should be slightly wider than the damper of the ram so that its swirling horns can be freely killed along the side sides of the stand. For the installation of kaban fangs, a wide variety of medallions are selected. In the center of the medallion symmetrically placed the upper fangs, and the left and right are lower. To attach fangs to the medallion, special decorative rims from various non-ferrous metal, wood, bones are used. Fangs are mounted so that between them and the surface of the medallion there was a gap of about 1 mm height required for the subsequent measurement of the clashes of the fangs.

Otherwise, the Commission of Experts is forced to dismantle the trophy. Often, the rim takes a semi-rigid copper plate with a thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm and the narrow tapes are cut out of it for the cube-type fastening device, which set the fang in several places, the ends of them are drawn through the holes in the medallion and fastened with cloves on the reverse side. Fangs can be attached to the medallion with screws, but the device of such attachment requires certain skills, there are often cases of cracking of the fangs at the time of the fixture device.

For fastening large and heavy trophies (elk, deer, ram), four holes are drilled on the skull and two for light trophies. The length of the screw or screw must be calculated taking into account the thickness of the medallion, the screw head is drowned in the recess, arranged in the medallion on the reverse side. The skulls of predatory animals can be mounted on stands having different thickness and slope in 20-w. Mounted with screws. Jaws are better open so that the fangs do not close one another. On the medallion, under the trophy, you can put a label in the form of a plate of metal. The label engrave the name of the animal type, year and place of production, surname, first name, patronymic of the owner of Trofei.

For these purposes, it is better to make plates from organic glass with special grooves where the card with the above data is inserted. The skins of predatory animals must be extracted in a special workshop. The finished skin is cured with a cloth, better than green completely or only around the edges of the contour. The edges of the cloth are cut off with cloth or other pattern.

Then, in accordance with the contour, the lining is cut out of the tissue and laid it to the cloth from the reverse side of the skins. Between the skin and lining well lay on the shape of the batting skins. To the head, tail, the paws at a distance of 30-50 cm. Metal rings for fastening the carpet on the wall are sewn. The main task of the owner of the trophy is to preserve it so that it always has a good exposition look.

With the appearance of secured people in Russia, the possibility of a certain circle of hunters to travel to other countries and to the remote corners of our country to hunt for rare and exotic animals. Naturally, to confirm their hunting success, they brought trophies and demonstrated them. Some trophies were better than colleagues, others - inferior to them; Accordingly, competition appeared. Exhibitions began to be held, the trophies were assigned categories and medals. Thus, the so-called "trophy hunting" came to Russia, which in Europe has long traditions. But it is not necessary to say (as some members of hunting clubs are doing in their interviews) about the revival of the traditions of the Russian trophy hunting. There was never such a tradition in Russia. At best, the mined horns walked onto the hangers or knobs for knives, and the elk horns hanging in the cabinets from managers were not produced at all. Our distant and coming ancestors hunted for pleasure and meat (and commercials and at all because of the money). Yes, yes, for the sake of meat and nothing in this is no gallop. Always a man who brings a piece of meat into the house, enjoyed respect and honorable.

Nevertheless, a group of people who give themselves "trophy hunters" and mining animals only for the sake of trophies, contemptuously calls other hunters with butcher. "Butchers" in response laugh at the "hunters for household cows" and do not consider them at all for hunters. Antagonism, as they say, is obvious. As a result, I say now very seriously, there was a split among people, obsessed, in general, one passion. And this, it seems to me, only on hand, hunting opponents, which is still it.

I will hunt for 40 years and, I think I know both hunting. Something on your own experience, something on the stories of friends. Among my trophies there are also received medals at exhibitions, and almost all the "meat" beasts and birds inhabiting us in Europe. Many trophies from Asia.

Let's deal with. But for the beginning, cross out from the list of hunters of those who are in both categories. "Butchers" (I will call it so for brevity, sorry) These are frank poachers who do not recognize the deadlines or rules that beat the hares from cars and females in the spring. "Zhles", destroying birds and animals, for the sake of desire to shoot at any distance and for any purpose. And people who do not recognize hunting ethics. (In my opinion, some reasonable excess of unreasonably understated norms is permissible). The trophyers have hunters who want to get a trophy at any cost. That is, shooting from cars, with helicopters, in truly pets and drunk animals or resorting to the help of professional shooters.

Then, it seems to me that real hunters will remain, regardless of the addiction. By the way, there are more differences here. I do not know a single "butcher", which would give up the horns mined to them, and the "trophyers", although they say that they are not interested in me, they are happy to take me a meat share with pleasure. Simply in the same Africa, nobody will give them meat, so they are proud of their unattitude, pleaseing photographs and horns.

There are no words, get high in the mountains The record trophy of Baran Marco Polo - for someone happiness. And here everything is without cheating, the happy face of the hunter in the photo is impossible to fake or play. Satisfied and the hunter, shot with a medal deer or a buffalo. The hunter and must be pleased. For their considerable money, he got the opportunity to make a shot and missed his chance.

Have you seen the face of the hunter, who put the ruzy mow, on the collective, corrugated hunt? And if this is the last pen and the last chance of the whole team go home with a piece of meat? That's where happiness. That is where the honor, respect and glory. For all trophies of the world, such a lucky one will not sell this moment. Or maybe you will be lucky at all fantastic, and bull will come out with horns? Anyone is not necessarily medal. Yes, this trophy may be the only in life will remember until the end of the days. And this day will be the happiest in the life of the hunter. By the way, there is such a trophy for each of us, "butchers" (after all, it will take itself to this group, it is impossible to be impartial), but not, so be sure to.

Why was there, I had to see absolutely happy people who mined a hare or goose. Isn't that trophies? And the first duck extracted by the boy is not a trophy?

I remember a bus with hunters, returning from spring traction 30 years ago. One of the company produced one Waldshnepe, hanging in the center of the cabin in a prominent place. Respectful views on lucky and endless questions. How did you get? Chrokal or Zwical? How did you shoot? How did you search? I do not think that at that moment someone was happier than the owner of this trophy.

I happened to get tens of one morning in Germany in Germany. So I absolutely do not remember the details of these hunt, and the only hussak for the hunt for Yaroslavl and the couple from near the Rostov still stand in front of their eyes. So everything is relative, and one hare from the Moscow region is incommensurable more valuable than two dozen, shot in Scotland for half an hour. But the trophy hunt, especially in Africa, it is a chance to quickly become famous. To choose a serious hunter, you do not need to explore the habits of animals, read their traces, know the habitats and the secrets of the disguise. He shot on the very first hunt of the lion or an elephant and here are your photos in magazines, you have a competitive interview and invite you to telecast. Beauty. On the cakes, they will not leave the bunnies. Again, all the time next to you a whole team of professional conductors. They and the herd of animals will find, and bring you to him, and a decent trophy will indicate. It will only be to shoot with helpfully substituted tripods. And you miss, make a prank - not trouble, all for you commemorates professional shooter. And you are a hero, an African hunter. Only it seems to me, give such a hero to double bastard and let me in the suburban forest of one with the task to get a bunny or a row, he will not return empty, but also get lost. But the hunter is, first of all, tracker. So it is not worth it to raise the status of a "trophy hunter". Immediately make a reservation, there are real hunters in both categories. There are both solid professionals, "trophies" capable of passing many kilometers on off-road, experiencing all possible adversity for the sake of the goal. But it is impossible to reject or put the original Russian hunt below any exotic. I recently visited England and raised the Pheasans and partridges, as they say, from the Puz. But if you knew with what impatience I am waiting for the onset of spring to hear, perhaps the only stretching Valdshnep.

On the other hand, the thoughts suggest that in Africa, in places where the trophy hunt is not held, the beast harvested poachers. Since the money received from hunting is going to guard, the beast is preserved, fruit and you can increase the influx of hunters. It would seem like a decent imitation, and would not be bad to transfer it to Russia. However, for some reason I have no confidence that the money received from hunting will go to the guard of animals.

Second moment. Trophy hunting should be combined with a selection shot. Otherwise, there will be degradation of populations (even though we assure in the opposite). But in today's distribution of quotas for shooting, breeding is not beneficial to organizers of hunting. For example: the head of the hunting economy has ten licenses for Else shooting and, of course, he will receive the greatest income from the trophy hunting. Consequently, ten largest and most beautiful manufacturers will be killed in this area, and nothing will remain on the selection. And the demand for a trophy hunt, which is expected to develop, only push it to this. I will be found that "trophyers" are interested only for adult animals that have already passed the peak of their heyday and actively do not participate in reproduction. It is so, everything is true. But such animals are interested only in very secured hunters. The same, who has smaller money, agree on a trophy more compromising, is, with a smaller number of processes and, accordingly, cheaper. The next age group will relieve hunters with even more modest sufficient. And if a shooting of young, promising producers is prohibited in Europe, then we do not even have this in the rules of hunting. "Trophyers, I think, should work in this direction.

By the way, in Europe there are not all marked trophy hunters. The French, for example, are simply obsessed with Valdshnepe. Italians are frank "Butcher". I personally saw them, hunting with us, packaged carcasses of broken ducks and geese, to send home. My buddy Famous English Standic and Hunter Philip Torold doesn't like to shoot a bullet and hunt a deer, which in England a lot, and prefers pigeons, ducks and geese. Nevertheless, one "Trofeter" stated in an interview that there is a trophy hunting and hunting ... uninteresting. In how! And the Aksaki with the foul and other classics of hunting believed that they were engaged in an interesting business.
I think some "trophyers" should inform your snobbery. Especially since any "butcher", who knows how to trop the hares, will not hit the face in dirt and in Africa, but whether the "African" will throw Rusak - a big question.

However, it is necessary to admit that trophy hunters often travel to Europe and Africa (where the hunting is carried out the same Europeans), bring a lot of useful from these trips. Culture of hunting, rites, ethics, safety of weapon handling, the word is all that, with us, we will be worse in Russia today, we will be happy to import. And the "trophyers" will help us in this.

Unfortunately, as we know, being is determined by consciousness. The wonderful hunter on Peru was one of my familiar stand. I remember how many years ago he got the first of us in Astrakhan several (if I'm not mistaken eight) geese. This event has long been discussed among Moscow hunters. Now, turning in the trophy hunters environment, he thinks more about the length of the fangs and the number of processes on the horns. It's a pity.

I will take the courage to give some trophy hunters advice. Try, after all, go down from Olimpa and condescend to "uninteresting" hunting. To stand up on the traction, on the usual duck flight (with your capabilities you can choose the places of cooler), listen to the rolling, dig of the row, flush from the flapping of the wings of the solar tether. Suddenly it will be more interesting than shooting zebras and giraffes.

True, success will not be guaranteed, but maybe it is hunting?

One of my promotional buddy said that the injection hunt for him is not interesting, since the ruger cannot be absolutely putting on it paid beast. Well, here it is a direct path to Africa, Europe or to the feed Kaban tower. Everything is there according to the price list. And we still patiently wait for your chance on the room.

I read in an interview with one "trophy hunter", which is not recommended to hunt more often than three or four times a year. Say, from hunting can be tired, and the severity of sensations will be stuck. In the root I do not agree. In my opinion, you can only get tired of shooting and murder, and from hunting - no. Indeed, if you shoot dozens of animals of animals in Africa for leaving or fifty hares per day of hunting in England, then, of course, the feelings are dumping. To me, for example, it becomes boring after the fifth quail on the hunt with a legative, and after the third spleen - with the messenger (these are only my feelings). However, the weeks to replete Belyaka in Chernotrotrotrus or wrapped on the privade of the old fucking foxovin, I will never get bored.

It is difficult to explain something to a person asking why I for hours, I sit at night on the tower, Karaul Fox, if her skin should not be today. After all, this is not a trophy and not even "meat", once the fur is impairment. So, there is something else, for what we hunt. And this "something" cannot be squeezed on the wall in the trophy room.

Let me quote the great hunter John Hunter, whom no one will reproach in a negative attitude towards a trophy hunt: "I should notice that in recent years, the passion for the hunt for trophies has reached such a level that it became meaningless. It seems to me that it is stupid to spend the weeks in the hope of getting an animal with horns on a quarter or half a do more world record, just to see your name in the directory. " And it he wrote almost a century ago. Will the passion for the records and our hunters, from hunting, as such?

I assure I am not an opponent of a trophy hunt, but just for consolidation, however, with some revision of priorities and serious training of the base for conducting it in Russia. If today for potters and other hunters there is no place in the grounds where the hunt for hoofs is held, I imagine that it will be tomorrow, when the "trophyers" reserve the faults under themselves. But the confrontation will turn into a frank war. This should not be avoided. And let's consider the trophy not only horns over 60 inches, but any game, honestly produced on any interesting hunt for you.

S. Losev. Magazine "Mastery" №157

For a long time, the hunt was not easy, but an exciting business. Hunting trophies in the form of meat and skin skins became a reward of a lucky hunter. Stern life, off-road and more than modest housing conditions of the ordinary hunter did not have to collect other trophies. A modern hunter attracts not only hunting products. He is a road meeting with nature, carries the process of hunting, her athletic, cognitive and aesthetic side.

Under these conditions, not only the meat and skins, but also horns, fangs, skulls of animals, as well as hunting souvenirs made using hunting trophies have become welcome hunting trophies. These hunting trophies decorate the hunters, clubs and institutions, hunting bases, especially if the trophies are successfully decorated, strengthened on special medallion shields, which themselves can be works of applied art.

Hunting trophies vividly resemble the adventures experienced in hunting wrap, and if they are properly stored, equipped with labels filled in all the rules of trophy sheets, then such hunting trophies may also be scientific interest.

The development of horns and fangs is an indicator of the health of the animal, its belonging to one or another variety, one can approximately establish the age of the beast. A collection of such hunting trophies, collected over several years, allows you to judge the status of the population, about the level of hunting hunting.

In most countries of the world, hunting trophies have long been attracted special attention. The exhibitions of hunting trophies are systematically satisfied, where they are subject to special examination and determine the advantages of the score system. The score for this or that quality of the hunting trophy is set as a result of special industries, weighing, determination of volumes, beauty, symmetry of processes, etc. The outstanding hunting trophies are noted by prizes, medals, the best of them are recorded in the "winners" directories, they become national Sometimes even international heritage.

Among the hunters of Russia, interest in hunting trophies, their preservation, collecting and evaluating growing every year. A peculiar cult of hunting trophies forces hunting workers to lead a directional selection so as to grow more advanced animals with beautiful horns, powerful fangs. The desire to extract the hunting trophy in its best form contributes to the revival and development of the beautiful hunt for roar, on Vabu, on Beror, etc. Finally, hunting trophies and souvenirs are decorated with hunters, and the manufacture of such souvenirs revives artistic crafts.

Hunting trophies are the horns of wild animals, birds stuffed, fangs and skull animals mined by hunters on time and allowed. Released deer horns, as well as horns of goats, rams, fangs and skulls taken from fallen animals, not subject to expertise at exhibitions and views, although they can be used as wall decorations or crafts.

It is customary to maintain hunting trophies in the form of a scarecrow head, horns with a part of the skull on the medallion. Scarecrow can make only an experienced taxidermist. For the preparation of stuffed, you need to cut off your head at the bottom of the neck. The horns preserve with the frontal, and better with the nasal bone and even with the lower jaw. The cranial part is digested in the boiler, immersing it into the water to the corners of the horns. After the meat becomes easy to separate and will be removed, bones bleach, sowing them with cotton, pacles or moss, moistened with 20 percent hydrogen peroxide. The lower jaw preserved to determine the age is treated without the use of peroxide.

The mined hunting trophy makes a trophy sheet of the installed form, indicating the place and time of the shooting, the size and mass of the beast, the names, the name and the patrony of the lucky hunter. The trophy leaf can be beautifully decorated on a special, artisticly printed form or on a peculiar tablet of leather, bark, groundwood. Such an original trophy sheet itself becomes an interesting souvenir.

The country's hunting organizations regularly hold exhibitions of hunting trophies. Repeated Russian hunters showed their hunting trophies at international exhibitions. Many domestic hunting trophies were awarded large gold medals, and even the world championship was awarded to some.

Hunting is ancient lesson of people and sports, allowing to show courage, dexterity, strength, endurance.

Coming out the winner in a fight with the beast, the hunter left himself as a testimony of his valor of fangs, horses of predators, horns of ungulate animals. The owner of such trophies enjoyed respect for his fellow tribesmen.

The most popular trophies are horns, fangs, skins, skulls of wild animals. Properly processed and strengthened on special supports (medallions), they have a deep emotional impact on the audience, admire the perfection of the form and beauty, are striking with sizes and power. At the depth of the aesthetic impression of hunting trophies, you can compare with artistic works, so the trophies exhibitions always cause great interest and attract many visitors.

With the development of hunting sports, the growth of interest g; The hunting trophies, international and national exhibitions arose the need to develop a system for assessing hunting trophies.

For the first time (1894, Austria), the horns of the noble deer on the method of Meran were evaluated. The initial assessment of trophies was carried out subjectively, without special rules, based on a visual impression. The measurement of trophies did not play a significant role. Even a few decades later, only some characteristic dimensions were taken into account. Only in the late 1920s of our century, more objective assessment methods were developed that have been universal distribution.

In 1927, in Germany, Beger suggested the method of evaluating the horns of Rogs, in Hungary, Deller is a system for evaluating the horns of a noble deer, and later in Hungary, methods for evaluating the horns of Lani, Muflon and Kaban fangs appeared. In Germany and Austria, methods for evaluating the horns and sulna horns were developed.

In 1932, in Czechoslovakia, Duc substantiated its rules for evaluating the horns of a noble deer, Lani and roe, eliminating the weight of the horns, because it changes over time.

In addition, the weight of the trophy affects how much of the skull is left under it (sometimes the entire skull is left).

In 1937, at a meeting of the International Hunters Council in Prague, when discussing the issue of the international exhibition of trophies in Berlin, the most objective methods were chosen and after making changes were adopted as international rules.

After the Second World War, a question arose about the resumption of international hunting exhibitions. At the meeting of the International Hunter Council in Madrid in 1952, the international score system was clarified and significantly complemented. However, there are still controversial issues on the methods of measuring and evaluating trophies, in particular a noble deer. In Austria and Hungary, the investigative countries of the score system, sought to preserve the proper method without changes. However, it focuses mainly on the assessment of the physical properties of the trophy (such as the value, power, massiveness) and not enough takes into account its aesthetic advantages, so at a meeting of the International Hunter Board in Copenhagen in 1955, an international assessment system established in 1952 was officially approved in Madrid.

For several decades, methods for estimating hunting trophies have changed significantly and became more objective, taking into account their size, weight, volume (with a specific score measurement system by type of animals).

The aesthetic elements of the trophy began to play a smaller role, since their assessment is subjective: different experts are not equal to the same elements of the trophy.

The creation of more advanced methods for assessing trophies contributed to the conduct of international exhibitions. Subsequent changes to the international system of assessing trophies were made to the World Hunting Exhibition, held in Budapest in 1971

Unified International Methods for measuring trophies and scores in points make it possible to establish gradation of shifted hunting trophies and mark them with relevant awards.

International Exhibitions

International hunting exhibitions are organized for more than half a century. They played a big role in promoting hunting sports and developing criteria for assessing hunting trophies.

The first such exhibition opened in the summer of 1910 in Vienna. It exposeds 2900 trophies from five European countries. At that time, the assessment of trophies was conducted subjectively, by free judgment, i.e., according to their external data, and as a result, the best more than a thousand trophies were recognized.

The next exhibition took place in 1930 in Leipzig, where 3,000 trophies of six European countries were shown. The assessment of trophies here was already carried out on specially developed methods.

In 1937, the largest international hunting exhibition was held in Berlin, exposing 7195 trophies from 24 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and from the Soviet Union. It was our first access to international review. The champions of the exhibition were recognized by the horns of the European deer (Czechoslovakia), estimated at 242.0 points, the horns of the European roe - the rating of 184.3 points and kaban fangs with an estimate of 151.0 points (Poland). These fangs of boar in their advantages are still champions. During the period of war, the fangs died, but their promresses were preserved, photographs, for which in Poland skillfully produced their copy. In the Berlin Exhibition, the championship in the horns of Lani belonged to Hungary, along the horns of Serna - Romania.

In October 1954, the first post-war exhibition dedicated to hunting and sports fisheries took place in Dusseldorf. It showed 2639 trophies from 21 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. Of the socialist countries, the participant of the exhibition was only one Yugoslavia. At this exhibition, new champions were installed only on the horns of the European deer - rating 248.55 (produced in Yugoslavia).

In 1960, and then in 1964, Italian national hunting exhibitions were held in Florence. Four European countries participated in the first of them, which exhibited only 205 trophies, in the second - seven European countries that exposed 396 trophies.

In 1967, an international exhibition with the participation of 18 countries was opened in Novi Garden (Yugoslavia). In her two pavilions, 2377 trophies were shown, of which 1190 received gold medals. Trophies at this exhibition were already evaluated by the rules approved by the International Hunters Council.

Socialist countries in the Yugoslav exhibition occupied the leading place: six champions belonged to Romania, two - Hungary and Czech Republic, one by one - Yugoslavia, Poland, the USSR. The champion of the exhibition from the Soviet Union was the horns of the Elk (score of 406.55 points).

The world's largest and popular was the World Hunting Exhibition in 1971 in Budapest (Hungary). For about four years, the organizational bureau conducted preparatory work with the involvement of hundreds of specialists from various countries.

The World Hunting Exhibition took place under the motto "Man, Hunting and Nature". The main task of the exhibition is to demonstrate the impact of hunting for the modern life of a person, to display the level of development of hunting economy, to summarize the achievements of science and best practices in the development of this industry, show the role of hunting the nature of nature and the development of international tourism.

For the exhibition, 40 hectares of park areas with a pavilion square of 30 thousand m 2 was reserved. For animals, open land plots were highlighted.

51 countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, America participated in the exhibition. Of these, 34 countries exhibited the achievements of hunting in their national pavilions, 6 countries in joint pavilions and 11 countries participated in individual events.

Most of the exposition in national pavilions occupied hunting trophies. More than 30 countries presented 5389 trophies of 122 species. The rating of hunting trophies was made by the International Expert Commission on the Rules approved by the International Hunters Council. The most extensive expositions at this exhibition launched socialist countries. Nine countries of the Socialist Camp exhibited 4013 trophies, i.e., 74% of the total number of trophies exhibited. They received 2750 gold medals from 3349 (about 80%).

The most chain collection of 534 trophies 36 species and subspecies of animals presented the Soviet Union. By the number of trophies, she ranked second after Hungarian, but in a variety did not have equal. In third place was Romania, on the fourth - Poland.

The list of participating countries, the number of trophies who received medals and the main prize of the Grand Prix exhibition are given in Table 1.

TABLE 1

The central place at the World Watch was occupied by the horns of noble deer - 1111 copies of 18 countries. In the expositions of 9 socialist countries, 1019 trophies were shown, which received 585 gold awards. Of Austria, England, Belgium, Iran, Spain, France, Chile and Switzerland there were only 92 trophies.

The Soviet collection consisted of 98 trophies of five subspecies: Marala, Razyra, Caucasian, Middle Eastern and Bukhara deer. The gold medal was awarded 41 trophy.

A huge popularity at the exhibition used the horns of the European roe - 1102 copies of 17 countries. Trophies of Kosley presented Bulgaria, Hungary, GDR, MNR, Poland, Romania, USSR, Czechosha, Yugoslavia. They offered 846 trophies and gathered a rich golden harvest - 545 gold medals.

The most representative was the exposition of the Hungarian People's Republic - 316 specimens, of which 130 were awarded gold awards. A large collection is shown by the Polish People's Republic - 114 trophies, of which 104 gold winners. The title of champion was awarded to the horns from the VDR with a rating of 228.68 points.

The most interesting trophies treated Elk's horns. At the exhibitions, they attracted the attention of visitors to huge sizes, power and variety of forms. Power horns (74 trophies) were demonstrated by five countries: Soviet Union, Mongolian People's Republic, Polish People's Republic, France and Sweden. The owner of the biggest collection was the Soviet Union - 53 trophies, 40 of which were awarded gold medals and 13 - silver. The first place and the title of the champion received the horns of the moose from the USSR with an estimate of 415.9 points (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Elk horns - world record holders

Among the hunting trophies a decent place was occupied by the horns of wild rams. Their power, wonderful spiral bend and perfect symmetry caused admiration of visitors. High-end trophies demonstrated socialist countries. Moullon's horns exhibited 11 countries, including 4 Socialist countries. Czechoslovak Socialist Republic presented 72 trophies, German Democratic Republic - 28, Hungarian People's Republic - 25 and the People's Republic of Bulgaria - 2 trophies, and the remaining 7 countries together are only 39 trophies. In total, the socialist countries were 127 horns of the mouflon, of which 102 were awarded gold medals. In addition to the horns of the Socialist countries showed the horns of three more subspecies of the mountain ram: 11 Trophy of the Altai Baran (Argali) - Mongolian People's Republic, 3 - Soviet Union, 11 trophies of the Turkmen Steppe Baran (Arcal) and 17 Trofeev of the Pamir Baran (Marco Polo) - also Soviet Union. Of the 42 trophies 21 awarded a gold medal.

The Soviet Union also exhibited 15 trophies of the Snow Baran Chubuk. Two of them were awarded gold medals, eight were silver, three - bronze.

The most representative of the World Watch in Budapest was the collection of trophies of wild goats from the Soviet Union (82 of 92 Golden Awards received). They differed a variety of forms: long saber-shaped horns of the loose goat and the Siberian Capricorn, massive horns of the Dagestan and Kuban tours, twisted in the bizarre spiral of the horns of the vintage goat.

The Mongolian People's Republic received 12 gold medals for the horns of the Siberian Capricorn. In addition, Capricorn's horns were represented by Iran - 14 copies and Spain - 21 copy.

Rog Lani (154 copies) exhibited ten states. The title of champion was awarded to horns from the VDD with a rating of 217.25 points. This kind of trophies of the USSR did not demonstrate, as the Lan is small and is not a hunting object.

The decoration of the World Exhibition was the horns of Saiga, Jeyaran, and Dzero from the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic; 21 pair of Saigakov and 8 couples of Jeyran's horns from the Soviet Union were awarded gold medals; 59 Golden awards received Mongolian trophies. The champions of the exhibition recognized the horns of Saiga (Fig. 2), rated in 91.77 points, and the horns of Jazeran from the USSR (111.4 balls.).

Fig. 2. Sigak's horns - world record holders

The most popular hunting trophies were kaban fangs. At worldwide, they were exposed to 14 countries, including 9 socialist, the total number of these trophies was 816 copies, of which 758 were demonstrated by the countries of the socialist camp and received 530 gold medals, the other five countries (Austria, Belgium, Iran, Germany and Spain) showed Total 58 trophies.

The subject of the special pride of hunters of socialist countries was trophies - world record holders, as well as gold winners of the World Hunting Exhibition "Budapest-71". Socialist countries belongs to the world championship of trophies of 28 species and subspecies of animals.

In the collection of the Soviet Union, the world record holders were recognized by trophies of 15 species and subspecies: the horns of the European moose - 415.90 points; Marala - 391.70; Razubra - 157.65; reindeer - 989.00; Siberian roasted - 267.30; Turkmen Baran Arkal-311.85; Pamir Baran (Marco Polo) - 385.45; Snow Baran Chubuka - 269,80; Kuban tour - 269.75; Dagestan tour - 308.95; Rolling goat-marhura - 283.70; Jeyrana - 111.40; Saiga - 91.17; White bear skulls - 70.61 and wild cat - 19.57 points.

Four record holders of the world of the Socialist Republic of Romania: Horn SERNA - 141.10 points, Skull of Brown Bear - 65.75, Bear Bear Skur - 398,55, Skura Ryne - 160.84 points.

The Hungarian People's Republic has three global recordsman: the horns of the Carpathian deer - 251.83 points, European roasted - 228.68, Lani - 217.25 points.

Three world record holders were at MNR: the horns of the Siberian mountain goat - 270.15 points, the mountain drum (argali) - 424.30 and dzero - 77.09 points.

Wolf skulls - 44.25 points and lynx - 28.40 points belonging to the Czech Republic were also record posorms.

The world record holders are recognized: one trophy of the Polish People's Republic - the Wolf Skura - 148.00 points and one trophy from Yugoslavia - Kaban's fangs with an estimate of 142.30 points.

Socialist countries received 25 of the 29th first places on trophies among European countries. The award of the USSR 18 "Grand Prix", 329 gold, 158 silver and 47 bronze medals - a big victory of our hunters.

In 1976, in Czechoslovakia in Cesk-Budejovice, an exhibition of achievements of the Hunting of Socialist countries over the past five years was carried out. The exhibition was attended by hunting organizations in Bulgaria, Hungary, GDR, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, the USSR, Czechoslovakia, who demonstrated more than 4 thousand of the best hunting trophies of 28 species (Table 2).

TABLE 2

The expert commission worked 47 expert experts from six socialist countries, including from Russian Union Hunters and fishermen. The assessment of trophies was made according to international rules.

The expert commission was revised and approved a new range of awards. As a result, our trophies such as the horns of Marala, Isaber, Siberian roe, received higher estimates compared to domestic.

The horns of European deer presented 7 countries - 1152 copies, 189 were awarded gold medals.

The largest collection of Czechoslovakia is 984 copies. Most gold medals went to the Romanian Union of Hunters. The champion of the world was the horns of a noble deer belonging to Bulgaria, - 253.62 points.

No less interesting and large was a collection of trophies of the European roe, the stalls of the mouflon, spotted deer, Lani, kaban fangs.

At the exhibition, 120 copies of the skins of four species of wild animals were exposed. The absolute primacy of the magnitude of the bear skins continues to retain Romania. The skull of the skull of the Cherepovets district society of hunters and fishermen of the Vologda region improved the previously established world record for 3.48 points. The new record is 164.12 points.

Skulls of wild animals in the amount of 486 copies of five species exhibited 5 countries; 12 new world records belong to Socialist countries.

The trophies that received a record assessment were demonstrated in a specially equipped pavilion of the "peoples of the world", where each country had its own exposure.

A collection of trophies of Rosokhotrybolovoyuzuzu in Cesk-Buundovitsa consisted of 95 copies of 15 species. Among them, Elk's horns, belonging to the All-Union Research Institute of Livestock Raw Materials and Pushnins, were estimated at 470.29 points and improved the world record for 54.39 points.

The horns of Marala installed a new record, having received an estimate of 187.47 points (Fig. 3). Exceeded the former world record and sprinkling horns, receiving 176.40 points.

Fig. 3. Rog Maral - World Recordsmen

The main exhibition committee awarded the Board of Rosokhotrybolovoia to the Certificate of Honor, the diploma and the Medal "Golden Kolos" for the demonstration of outstanding trophies, achievements and prospects for the development of hunting and sports fisheries.

By the beginning of the work, the exhibition was published a catalog of hunting trophies, the album in which trophies were placed - world champions, magazines with the results of the evaluation of trophies and posters on hunting and nature conservation.

The participation of socialist states in a joint exhibition and its brilliant success demonstrated the widespread development of hunting economy in socialist countries.

Local exhibitions

Tropheyev exhibitions and contests were held in 1973 in Altai, Khabarovsk regional, Moscow regional and Bashkir Republican societies of hunters and fishermen.

The most successful, and interesting was the exhibition of hunting trophies in Altai. The main task of the exhibition is to demonstrate the level of development of hunting and beauty of the native land.

The assessment of trophies was carried out by experts who graduated from All-Russian courses. More than 140 trophies of 20 species were exposed, 68 of them were previously demonstrated at the All-Russian competition of hunting trophies, on which 30 trophies were estimated at the golden, 25 - on silver and 12 - on the bronze medals. The regional society of hunters in the results of the All-Russian competition was awarded by a passing prize.

A great success in visitors used the collections of stuffed birds and animals, as well as medals and diplomas obtained at domestic and international exhibitions. Sale of various souvenirs and crafts was organized. Experts gave qualified advice, excursions were held. The exhibition caused great interest among residents of the city of Barnaul.

The first steps to organize such exhibitions were done by the Bashkir Republican Society of Hunters and Fishermen. In the city of Ufa, about 30 trophies of 11 species presented to the hall of the Palace of Sports. In addition to hunting trophies at the exhibition there were hunting rifles, gear, fur, various souvenirs, photos. Especially interesting were the living corners of the nature of the local edge with their inhabitants and the corner of the "sculpture of nature", where crafts from boring and roots were exposed. In 1976, the Bashkir Republican Society of Hunters and Fishermen held a second exhibition.

The Moscow Regional Society demonstrated hunting trophies in the assembly hall of the Board. All trophies were with great taste decorated and placed on special stands. According to the specified composition, they have a little inferior to the exhibition of hunting trophies lasting in Altai. Visitors got acquainted with the horns of moose, Marala, Rasube, Lani, Jeyran, Saiga, wild goats, rams, skulls and wild animals skins. Of the 42 trophies, 18 received gold, 11 - silver and 4 - bronze medals.

In Khabarovsk, a competition was held for the best hunting trophy. The exhibition showed 25 trophies of four types. For the Khabarovsk Territory, this is too small collection, but the edges hunters laid the beginning of the trophy collection and continue this work and now.

The example of the regional and regional societies of hunters and fishermen followed the district societies. Cherepovets district society of hunters and fishermen of the Vologda region organized a competition and a demonstration with a demonstration of not only hunting trophies, but also a corner of wildlife, interesting on the subject of photo exposure, talking about the natural wealth of the Vologda region. At the entrance, there was a scarecrow of a huge boar, made at a good professional level. Next, among the trees there was a large group of shocking books and delay, stuffed partridges. The main exposition was hunting trophies. Employ horns were especially widely represented - 24 copies. In addition to the horns of the moose at the exhibition, the trophies of the Marala, the isyubra, the European and the reindeer, the Siberian roe, Capricorn, Saiga, Lani, Sulna, Skull, Ryne, Wolf, Brown Bear were exhibited. Much attention was attracted by a well-sended and perfectly decorated fish skins.

Contests on the best hunting trophies, scarecrow and a picture of wild animals, were announced before organizing the exhibition, and the winners were awarded medals and diplomas.

The organization of such exhibitions is necessary. Their main task is the propaganda of hunting sports, the ideas of nature conservation and the upbringing of love for their native land.

Improving the examination of trophies

All-Union and international exhibitions Hunting trophies have shown that currently the national and international assessment systems and measurement rules give objective indicators, satisfactory characterizing the physical properties and advantages of the trophies of each species. However, the current rules are still far from perfection. For example, high-quality elements of trophy are not evaluated, in particular, such as typical and symmetry.

Under typicality, the number and location of the components, the form and the ratio of individual elements of the trophy should be understood. To evaluate these items, there is a system of allowances for points, and discounts are used for atypical shapes, asymmetry and other defects. However, the size of the premises is very insignificant. For example, in the overall assessment of the horns of European roasted (130 or more points), the allowance for symmetry and beauty does not exceed 5 points; The horns of the mountain ram - a mouflon, receiving lengthy, girth and scope of more than 300 points, can add perfection of the form and beauty to only 5 points.

In the same limits, discounts for asymmetry, an atypical form and other defects are allowed. And in the assessment of the horns of noble deer, no surcharges are provided. Only discounts for defects (asymmetry of horns, broken, twisted ends, etc.) within 3 points with a general assessment of trophy in 200 or more points are possible.

At the exhibitions of hunting trophies winners, as a rule, the most powerful, massive, but not always beautiful and typical are recognized. This encourages athletes hunters to extract the most massive trophies and stimulates hunting farms in such a direction of animal selection. It is known that in some hunting farms of Yugoslavia and other countries, even special feeders, accelerating the growth of horns in deer, use. The typical of the trophy, the perfection of the shape and symmetry in this case is moved to the selection work into the background. From here there is a need to develop an additional methodology for assessing these properties. In particular, it is advisable to revise the scope of the scope of horns in deer and roe.

According to the rules of the scope of horns at the Carpathian, Caucasian, Middle Eastern and Crimean deer and all subspecies, the roasters are determined by the percentage of the greatest spin of horns to the average length of their stems. If the deer has a ratio of less than 80%, then the points trophy are not added, for 60-70% - 1 point is charged, for 70-80-2, for 80.1-100% - 3 points. With excessive collapse (over 100%), the scores are not awarded. No rationale for this gradation.

Rogging - one of the most important high-quality elements of the trophy and signs of typical of its shape, but its assessment does not exceed 3 points, which is much less points for the length and girth of horns, the circle of sockets, etc. In addition, the rules allow swing vibration in a wide range (60-100%), within which the trophy charge the score. We assume that the evaluation of the horns will become more substantiated and natural if each subspecies of deer and roe deer determine the average scope indicator that should be considered normal, typical and evaluated by high points (not less than for the length of the horns). Any deviation from typical collapse should be taken into account as a defect for which discounts with a total amount of trophy points should be made. The magnitude of the discount can reach up to 2 points for each percentage of deviation. It is also advisable to introduce a premium for the symmetry of trophy and large discounts for asymmetry.

High scores for the typical structure, perfection of form and symmetry, discounts for a variety of defects will allow to establish a natural relationship between the qualitative indicators of the trophy and its quantitative features and objectively evaluate each trophy.

Differentiated criteria for estimating trophies of each type and subspecies of hunting animals are of fundamental importance. Such is the requirement of international rules. It is reflected in the temporary position on hunting trophies mined in the USSR. However, at the past exhibitions, a separate assessment of trophies was carried out only in cases where the trophies differed sharply from each other with dimensions or structure. None of any of the experts doubted that to evaluate the horns of the European and Siberian roe, it was necessary to use different criteria. In size, volume and weight, even the weakest horns presented at the exhibitions of Siberian Kosli usually exceeded the best horns of European, so the champions of exhibitions and applicants for awards were detected separately among the horns of the Siberian and European roe. Springly evaluated the horns of the isyra, the maral and noble deer, as they differ significantly in structure.

But the trophies of several subspecies of one type without clear structural differences and externally the same in size was evaluated by one criteria, that is, undifferentiated. This was done with the horns of Caucasian, Middle Eastern and Crimean noble deer, the horns of numerous subspecies of the mountain ram, fangs of fever cabbies and some other trophies.

The undifferentiated assessment of trophies may cause considerable damage to the development of hunting sports in a passing country, since the trophies of the subspecies of many hunting animals, practically having visible structural differences, are still more or less different from each other. For example, the horns of the Carpathian deer of the length and thickness of the stems on average are superior to the horns of the Caucasian, Middle Eastern and Crimean. In this regard, with uniform criteria for estimating the trophies of these subspecies, the horns of the Caucasian, Middle Eastern and Crimean deer will, as a rule, will lose the horns of the Carpathian. Not by champion of the world champion among the trophies of the noble deer until 1971 remained the horns of the Carpathian deer. On the Dusseldorf exhibition in 1954, on the World Hunting Exhibition "Budapest-71" and the National Exhibition in Czechoslovakia in 1976, the Horn of the Carpathian deer was again.

In the sizes of the horn of subspecies of the European noble deer, you can position in a row, at the beginning of which the horns of the Carpathian deer will be, and then on the downward line - the horns of the Caucasian, Middle European and Crimean deer. Similar rows can be compiled for the horns of subspecies of the roar, mountain ram, kabanov fangs, etc.

With undifferentiated criteria for estimating the owners of trophies of small subspecies of animals at exhibitions will unfairly tolerate defeats and these trophies will lose their popularity among hunting-athletes, which will gradually lead to a reduction in sports hunting for small subspecies and loss of interesting trophies. On the contrary, a separate assessment in order to identify the champion and applicants for gold, silver and bronze awards for each subsidiary will put in the equal and independent position of the trophies of various subspecies and will maintain a hopeless interest in the hunter-athletes.

At the World Hunting Exhibition in Budapest, the Hunters of the Soviet Union exhibited 534 copies of trophies of 36 species and subspecies of animals. This collection adequately presented the results of sports hunting in our country. At the exhibition 329 trophies were awarded a gold medal, 158 - silver, 47 - bronze, only 31 trophy did not receive awards.

However, their assessment would be higher with a more careful conduct of fading separation. In reality, the trophies of five subspecies of our rams were divided only into three groups; The first - Altai Barana (Argali), the second - Pamir (Marco Polo) and the Third-East Caspian (Turkmen Arcal).

To the third group, as a result of this division, five trophies of the actually Turkmen ram and six trophies of such major subspecies were attributed as Tianshhana (five trophies) and a Kazakhstani (one trophy) of the rams. Turkmen ram, medium in size, is not able to compete with Tianshhan and Kazakhstan, as a result, five copies of his horns were awarded only bronze medals.

The second group of Pamir Baranov was mixed. And it includes trophies of four subspecies: nine trophies of the Pamir Baran, two - Kazakhstani, three - Tianshhan and three trophies of the Ladak Baran. In this group, both trophies of the Kazakhstan Baran were awarded silver medals, while worthy of gold in their subspecies. Two of the three trophies of Tien Shan Baran received bronze awards, and deserve silver.

In this regard, there would be for each subspecies, taking into account its features to have its own baller an awarding scale. Thus, the development of differentiated score criteria is an urgent task that is of great importance for proper valuation of trophies.

Trophies and selection of hunting animals

Mining valuable trophy is the highest hunting interest of each athlete.

The development of horns, fangs, the value of the skins depend primarily from the hereditary cathos of the animal organism and on environmental factors. In this regard, the trophy properties characterize not only the individual features of the animal, but also the conditions of his life: the degree of provision of full feed, mineral feeding, the presence of various kinds of diseases, etc. The quality of the trophy performs the role of the indicator of the well-being and culture of hunting and indicates On the state of the population of hunting animals. In the conditions of cultural high-organized hunting, regular rejection of patients and lagging behind the development of animals, which warns to some extent the negative consequences of the chase behind the largest trophies.

In the journal "Hunting and Hunting Economy" (No. 10, 1967) Yu. P. Yasan, summing up the studies over a series of years, reports that annually the horns of the extracted moose are becoming smaller and smaller, as everyone strives to get the largest beast which will give a lot of meat and outstanding horns.

Only the rational management of hunting facilities with the mandatory selection of animals in the quality of trophy will prevent the unwanted consequences of sports hunting. In this regard, the experience of breeding work in the farms of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, the German Democratic Republic is of great interest.

In the Czech Republic, the breeding of Lani, Muflon, noble deer, roeli in specially fenced faults. Employees of these farms know each animal. All newborns are registered here and let all newborns, which further allows you to determine the age of the beast with an accuracy of a few days. Depending on the reserves of feed and other conditions in hunting farms, the norms of the optimal density of the population of animals are established and the natural ratio of floors is maintained. A systematic feeding of beasts with full-fledged feeds prepared by an industrial method, with the addition of vitamins, trace elements, drugs, is carried out. In oborctions, animals are divided into three age-related classs (Table 3).

Table 3.

Consider animals strictly by classes. In the first class, 50% of the taken animals shoot, keeping individuals with well-developed horns. According to the second class - not more than 20 and in the third - 30% of animals with good, high-quality trophies. However, on these two classes, males with outstanding horns are preserved.

According to the observations of Czechoslovak specialists, the most valuable trophies at the roe of the village are at the age of 6-9 years, in Lans - 8-10, at noble deer - 12-15, at the Muflon - 7-10 years. Larger animals have, as a rule, high-dignity horns, which can be seen from the data of Table 4.

Table 4.

The long-term work of Czechoslovak specialists led to an increase in the number of animals with valuable trophies. If in 1971 they received one trophy with an estimate not lower than on a bronze medal from 143 shot deadlits, then in 1976 - from 31. When shooting a spotted deer, European roe, noble deer, mouflon in 1971. One valuable trophy They produced from 22 spotted deer, 747 roe deer, 77 noble deer and 36 mouflons, and in 1976 - from 6 spotted deer, 398 roasted. 54 noble deer and 11 mouflons.

The experience of Czechoslovak hunters can be used in our advanced hunting farms to create valuable animal populations. During this responsible breeding work, sports hunting in the farm should be dramatically limited or temporarily prohibited. In the future, animal shootings spend selectively to save manufacturers with the best trophies. Such a systematic selection will make it possible to form a population of animals, distinguished by high trophy advantages, maintaining it for many years and is constantly improving.

Improving the rules and criteria for evaluating hunting trophies in our country will help improve breeding with animals in asscript hunting farms. However, this task is carried out only if the hunting and hunting hunting farms will receive the necessary knowledge of the assessment of hunting trophies, they will learn in practice to assess their advantages and disadvantages, will be good to know in their farm the composition of the population of hunting animals.

General rules and evaluation criteria Hunting trophies

The international council of hunters has developed uniform rules, formulas and tables to assess the trophies submitted to international exhibitions by different countries.

The assessment of trophies existing ways takes into account big number signs and features of trophies, sizes, weight, volume, appearance, correctness of the form. The deer assess the branching of horns, symmetry of processes, power and complexity of the crown, the nature of the surface of the horns, etc.

The assessment is based on a score system, which characterizes certain measurements of the elements of the trophies of each type of animals.

To obtain an accurate assessment in points, special coefficients have been introduced on separate industrials.

The score in points is consisted of multiplying the digital measurements obtained by the coefficient.

According to certain types of trophies (deer, Lan, Muflon, etc.), special tables have been developed that facilitate the calculation of the industries of various parts of hunting trophies.

For part of the types of trophies, a certain system of allowances and discounts have been adopted. The surcharges are given for the aesthetics of the trophy, that is, for its decent appearance, the symmetry of the location of individual elements of the trophy, color and other characteristic external data. When evaluating the skins of wild animals, allowance for the thickness of the fur, the length of the coarse cover, etc.

Discounts are established for asymmetry, retreat from characteristic color, weakly developed processes, their different lengths, for existing vices (dust, deformation, porosity, etc.). The obtained sum of the premium scores are added, and discounts are deducted from it.

To correctly determine the premises and discounts, it is better if each expert is evaluating independently, and then by discussing the results on individual elements of trophies take a single solution. In controversial issues, it is possible to calculate the average value of the allowances and discounts in points.

Trophy of those types of animals that are protected, in accordance with the decision of the International Hunters Council, are not evaluated and are not demonstrated at exhibitions, except in cases where the owner may prove that the production of trophy was made before the introduction of a hunting ban on this species.

For each type of trophies, an award scale has been developed, in accordance with which gold, silver and bronze medals are awarded.

When comparing the winners of the hunting trophies, characterized by dimensions, capacity, beauty and other qualities that have received the highest assessment in points, honored the title of champions of the relevant exhibition (district, regional, regional, all-union, international, etc.). All measurements are carried out with great accuracy, since it depends on the baller assessment of the trophy. So, measuring horns, fangs, skulls and skins of wild animals and their individual elements are made up to 0.1 cm, the weight of the horns - with an accuracy of 10 g.

For measuring the length, a cloth measured or elastic narrow metal tape is 0.5-0.7 mm wide and a length of 1.5-2.0 m (necessarily with an accurate millimeter division scale). The main thing is that the fabric tape does not stretch when tensioning. In order to avoid mistakes, the soft tape is checked with a measurable metal tape measure.

The expert should know the features of measuring each trophy element. So, the circumference of the horns should be determined by a measurable impoverished not wider than 0.5-0.7 mm. When measuring a broader ribbon, there may be errors, as there are many tubercles and various transverse and equity elevations on the horns. The length of the horns are measured along the outside, ranging from the very base of sockets (crowns) to the top point of the horn. The span of horns (collapse) is measured by a measuring tape, a caliper or a dimensional saw with an accuracy of 0.1 cm.

When measuring the width of kaban fangs, walrus, the skulls of predatory animals should be used by the caliper.

The weight of the horns determine but rape than 24 hours after their welders. It often occurs errors when weighing the horns of the noble deer and roam due to the unnecessary remote part of the skull. It happens when hunters for extracting from the brain skull are removed and its occipital part, and when describing, during installation, the trophy reduces it or, on the contrary, retain the entire skull. In such cases, the expert committee is entitled to add or subtract a certain amount of weight.

If the line dug passes from the occipital crest through the middle of the eye holes and then under the nasal bone, no discounts are not done during the determination.

When maintaining the skull of a noble deer with the upper jaw, when the upper row of teeth are cut, they produce a discount on 500 g from the total weight of the trophy. When weighing with the full upper jaw, no later than eight days after welding, to obtain the dry weight of the horns of the European deer, it is necessary to subtract 700 to establish a scoring assessment for the weight of the horns, the weighing results are multiplied by the coefficient, which for European deer and Lani is 2, roe deer - 0.1.

When weighing the horns of roars, the skull of which is preserved with the upper jaw, a discount of the total weight of the horns is made: for the roar of European - 90 g, Siberian - 110 g. In the event that the specified border was broken, it is added to the total weight either from it deduct a certain weight. .

Fig. 4. Determination of the volume of rogs roe

The volume of roofing horns are determined by the following method: pharmacy or hydrostatic scales put on the table so that one cup hung over the edge of the table (Fig. 4). The horns hang on the ribbon or lace to this cup and recognize their total weight (in grams). Then, under the horns, on a specially arranged lifting table, (on a jack or on a spinning medical chair), have a vessel with water (the best-possible cylindrical aquarium) and the horns are lowered to the water to the edges of the sockets. At the same time, it is necessary to remove the differences until the scales pointer stops on the zero mark. The result will be the weight of horns in water (in grams). From the total weight of the trophy (without discounts and premiums), weight in water is deducted - the difference is equal to the volume of horns (in cm 3). To obtain points, the volume is multiplied by the coefficient of 0.3.

The estimation of hunting trophies produces an expert commission of three. Two make measurements, and the third records measurement indicators. With an increase in the number of trophies, the expert commission is established depending on their number and species diversity, and in the future it is divided into subcommission from three to seven people led by the representative of the Subcommittee. Usually, each subcommittee measures only a specific type of trophy. In order to avoid possible errors, all arithmetic calculations are recommended to be calculated on the counting machines.

The correct assessment of hunting trophies in the field allows owners to take part in the All-Russian, All-Union and International Hunting Tripheev (Table 5).

Table 5.

Evaluation of hunting trophies, score

Earlier in our country there was no rules for assessing hunting trophies. Only in 1967 by the General Office for Nature Protection, Nature Reserves and Hunting Economy of the USSR, a temporary provision on hunting trophies, produced in the USSR, was approved, in which the rules for measuring and evaluating trophies were given different species wild animals.

The measurement rules were developed on the basis of the assessment formulas adopted by the Assemblies of the International Hunters Council. Since that time, there have been some changes in the international assessment rules that are taken into account in this book.