Very vulgar about myostimulants.
1. The key word is not an electrostimulator, but a myostimulator (muscle stimulator)
2. For the first time, they thought about it and developed the topic, back in the USSR, military doctors. Soon after the war.
They worked for the wounded who lay in bed for a long time. Later - for submariners, astronauts - everyone who moves a little and loses muscle tone. Even later for athletes to international sports Olympiads, where achievement is important.
3. With perestroika, all developments went to the west and southeast, where they were reborn as consumer goods. By that time, cheap semiconductors appeared that could generate short pulses without problems. There was a problem with the generation of short pulses - then it could only be radio tubes. Then there were queues for televisions.
There was no need to talk about myostimulants as consumer goods.
4. The idea of \u200b\u200belectrical stimulation of muscles with short pulses turned out to be fruitful.
An impulse or a burst of short impulses - 100-500 μs (microseconds), followed rarely - 1-400 times per second lead to a short-term displacement of ions near the nerve endings - myoneurons, and this leads to a contraction of muscle fibers.
5. The trick is that the average value of the current in the pulse mode is negligible. This allows the pulse amplitude to be raised to 100 mA, i.e. create an electric field of a noticeable volume in the body and make muscles that are far from the surface of the body contract. It should be recalled that a horse kills an AVERAGE current of 30 mA (milliamperes), and here in a pulse up to 180 mA, but the average is much less.
5a. It is useful to remind everyone who taught and forgot long ago what an electric field is. This is not a field in which cows graze. This is the space in which charged particles begin to move.
According to this feature, all substances in nature are divided into conductors - they contain charged particles and dielectrics - substances in which there are practically no charges.
In email the field practically does not move anything inside the dielectrics.
Man, with his bones, flesh, fat and liquids, is a conductor. It is saturated with charged particles - ions of sodium, potassium, iron, etc. Under the influence of pulses that create an email for a short time. field in the human body, the ions begin to move, but immediately return to their place because impulses are bipolar and short. This displacement of charged particles is enough to cause muscle fiber contraction.
MIONEYRON reacts - a nerve cell attached to a muscle fiber. She, as if, receives an impulse from the brain. In fact, its impulse is a reaction to a short-term displacement of charged particles near the myoneuron itself. It just so happens - charges interact with charges. Likely charged - repel, unlike - are attracted. This is how the impulse penetrates the myoneuron and makes the muscle fiber to which it is attached to contract.
6. In a decrepit body, not all muscle fibers contract. Not every myoneuron associated with a muscle fiber conducts an impulse from the central nervous system. There are many reasons for this.
And here is a powerful third-party source of a pulsed electric field - all myoneurons in the electric field will literally pull their muscle fibers. The entire muscle will begin to contract, blood flow also changes, and fat and protein deposits are crowded out of the mobile muscles.
The general feeling is ease of body control as after training and there is no fatigue - lactic acid poisoning.
7. Muscle contraction occurs with virtually no release of lactic acid, which poisons the muscles. During normal exercise, lactic acid must be removed from the muscles. It is muscle poisoning that limits the duration of certain body movements. And then you can shake the muscle faster. It takes 20 minutes to run 20 km.
It is clear that this can be used to train athletes, which is being done with great secrecy to the "training program" before important competitions.
8. Muscle mass noticeably responds to myostimulation with growth. The quality of life is increasing - in old age you can live in a young body. Unfortunately, the effect of such training is 1-2 days. To fix it, you need to either move more yourself or regularly connect yourself to the myostimulator. For obese people with overweight over 10 kg - change your diet and do not wait for weight loss faster than 4 weeks. The fat comes back quickly.
9. There are contraindications, but they are few.
There are no side effects from prolonged (years) myostimulation.
Everything, of course, should be taken in moderation, and not to burns in places of contact with the electrodes.
General recommendations - three days a week for 20 minutes at the level of comfortable muscle shuddering is quite enough.
10. It is important for old people that the muscles of the spine and skeleton can be developed. Get rid of joint pain because myostimulation in a natural way eliminates pain from a spinal hernia, and pinching of nerve fibers almost everywhere where applicators are placed, supplying impulse currents. Also with pain in the hip joints, knee, foot, elbows and neck.
11. The electric field reaches deep, even to the muscles of the stomach, which allows you to change its tone for the better. Plus improved blood flow. The body rules itself, bringing the necessary components to decayed sore spots.
12. A few words about prices.
Actually the price prompted me to search for information.
For 25 years I have suffered from the character of my wife. Her ailments, stomach, head - we share it all together.
It helped her here. She dared to pay 95,000 rubles for a Korean device, which, in my opinion of an electronic engineer, is not worth that kind of money. Simple pulse generators, and if there is a processor, i.e. a computer that controls generators according to a program that can be changed - all one thing - no more expensive than a mobile phone, but here are the numbers.
It turned out that there really are inexpensive muscle stimulants from 450 rubles - toys. Make cubes on the stomach. Medium - 1500-3000 rubles - up to 50 programs for different occasions. And there are expensive up to 120,000 rubles. professional multi-program and multi-channel. With their help, you can heal the entire village. However, the village can be treated with cheaper models for 3-9 thousand rubles.
Expensive models are often cosmetology oriented. Small electrodes. Many channels.
It is worth recalling that there are about 200 muscles on the face. People don't have such a simple interface for communicating with each other through facial expressions. It is important to tighten these muscles, they also wither, and the skin - into two faces.
Removes fat from the face, strengthens muscles, smoothes wrinkles. Apply ultrasound with skin nourishing creams to prolong the effects. It is clear that these models will exploit women's beauty needs and will be much more expensive.
Search keywords - where, what and from whom to buy on the Internet - are available on the website www.allmio.ru
The model EM41 (Germans) turned out to be quite good. Powered by 3 AAA batteries. 50 programs.
The size of a pack of cigarettes. Good for hiking - weight 108g - 3 modes (pain relief, muscle training, massage)
In pain relief mode, there are short pulse routines that are used for electrical sleep. Sleep without sleeping pills is provided. I relieved tired legs and fall asleep - you can't remember when - the device turns off automatically.
A significant drawback - Velcro electrodes - age quickly. We must have spare.
Or make it yourself from foil. Glue the foil to the thin rubber, and do not remove the Velcro to the foil. Lubricate the foil with gel before applying the electrodes to the body.
You will be smeared in gel, but the electrodes will be long-lived. There is room for creativity
for example, you can create an individual "electric chair" with contact electrodes
for different parts of the body. A suitable gel is sold in a network of medical equipment stores, for example, for ultrasound.
Take a more viscous one.
Expand discussion thread
One of the most effective and popular physiotherapy methods is muscle electrical stimulation. The course of such procedures allows you to quickly restore damaged nerve endings, tissues and muscles. What is the peculiarity of this technique? Who can use an electrostimulator, and who is better off not using this procedure? You will find answers to all these questions in this article. For the treatment of some pathologies, doctors prescribe a course of electrical stimulation. This procedure is carried out using special equipment that directs impulse currents directly to tissues, organs and systems.
Electrical stimulation of muscles, as a rule, is part of the complex therapy for diseases of the nervous system, which limit the patient's motor activity, lead to muscle depletion and loss of strength. The electrical stimulator directs an impulse to the diseased organ, which causes an immediate muscle contraction and motor excitement. At the same time, some brain cells also begin to work more actively. This method of treatment prevents atrophy and sclerotic changes in muscle tissue, enhances blood and lymph circulation, and improves the permeability of the walls of blood vessels.
Indications
Home electrostimulator
Most often, an electrostimulator is used to treat diseases of the nervous system. The procedure will be useful to all patients who have a significant decrease in the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Also, such therapy is indispensable for patients with paresis, paralysis, traumatic damage to nerve endings.
The main indications for a course of electrical muscle stimulation can be considered:
- Multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, polyneuropathy and other ailments accompanied by spastic paralysis.
- Reduced limb sensitivity after serious injury.
- Cerebral circulation pathologies leading to central paralysis.
- Long-term treatment of complex fractures, in which the patient's physical activity is limited. Typically, with such an injury, the patient's muscles are depleted. To prevent this from happening, doctors recommend using an electrostimulator.
Muscle electrical stimulation will only be effective if combined with other treatments.
Benefits
The procedure for electrical muscle stimulation is not without reason that it is so popular. This technique has many advantages, namely:
- Effectively restores muscle performance.
- Not only heals the disease, but also has an analgesic effect.
- You can use the electrostimulator without special training and medical education. Today's medical device manufacturers offer a wide range of compact, inexpensive devices that can be used for home therapy.
Despite the fact that the electrostimulator can be used at home, before the course of such procedures, you must definitely consult a doctor.
disadvantages
Each patient should be aware that in addition to the advantages, electrical muscle stimulation also has obvious disadvantages. The disadvantages of the technique include:
- If the damage to the nervous system is very severe, such therapy will be ineffective and will not give the desired result.
- Physiotherapy using an electrostimulator allows you to get rid only of the consequences of the disease, but not the cause of the development of unpleasant symptoms.
Some people use special equipment that sends electrical impulses to train muscles and to combat cellulite. However, professionals say that achieving the desired goal in this way will be quite difficult. If you want to lose weight or build beautiful muscles, it is better to sign up for a gym and start eating right. Classes, of course, will require a lot of effort from you, but the figure will become slim.
Contraindications
The electrostimulation technique also has some contraindications. It is not recommended to perform such procedures when:
- Rheumatism;
- Frequent heavy bleeding;
- Atrial fibrillation;
- Pathologies of the heart and blood vessels;
- Inflammatory and infectious diseases;
- Oncology.
If you have recently undergone surgery on tendons or muscles, electrostimulation can only be done after 1 month. The use of electrical impulses can provoke an increase in the tone of the uterus, so pregnant women should also avoid such a procedure.
Back
Back diseases such as osteochondrosis can cause a lot of pain and discomfort to the patient. Medicines help to reduce painful sensations, but do not eliminate the main cause of the development of pathology. To quickly and effectively get rid of back pain, doctors recommend taking a full course of special interstitial electrical stimulation. This technique was developed by the famous scientist A. Gerasimov.
A needle with an electrode is inserted into the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe body under the skin. Electrical impulses are directed directly to muscle tissue. This leads to the normalization of blood circulation and the expansion of small vessels. Such treatment stops the process of destruction of cartilage tissue, removes salts from the body, and improves the functioning of nerve endings.
The advantages of back treatment using the Gerasimov method include:
- Quick relief from pain and other unpleasant symptoms.
- The procedure is completely painless.
- You do not need to additionally take medications that can cause allergic reactions and harm the body.
- Fast recovery.
Intramuscular electrical stimulation also has contraindications. It is not recommended to perform this procedure if you have any kind of inflammatory disease, pathology of the cardiovascular system, oncology or pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, the use of a pacemaker is prohibited during pregnancy and for people with an artificial pacemaker. In any case, before the procedure, it is imperative to consult a doctor.
Eyes
In modern ophthalmology, the method of electrical stimulation is also used to treat visual impairments in adults and children. Doctors recommend using this physiotherapy for:
- Myopia or hyperopia;
- Asthenopias;
- Strabismus;
- Optic nerve atrophy.
A ray of light is directed to the retina of the eye, and the eye instantly reacts to it. If vision is impaired, information from the outside world can enter the brain distorted. The electrical stimulator has a direct effect on the neuromuscular system of the eye, the muscles contract, and the nerve conduction is normalized. The procedure is simple and painless, it is carried out in almost every clinic. The only contraindication to using an electrostimulator to treat eye diseases is the presence of an inflammatory disease or hemorrhage.
Brain
Some neuropsychiatric diseases of the brain can be effectively treated with a course of electrical stimulation. A special device sends nerve impulses that activate the basic functions of the brain. The main advantages of such procedures are the absence of the need for additional medication and the exclusion of the possibility of side effects.
The main indications for conducting a course of electrical stimulation of the brain can be considered:
- Head trauma;
- CNS pathologies;
- Neuroses;
- Hearing and vision impairment;
- The consequences of improper blood circulation in the brain.
Before starting the procedure, be sure to consult with your doctor. The thing is that this technique has contraindications. It is not recommended to use the electrostimulator for hypertension, atherosclerosis, high temperature, infectious or colds, and oncology.
Electrical stimulation (video)
Electrical muscle stimulation is often used in physical therapy and rehabilitation. The procedure serves two purposes. First of all, the impact is aimed at eliminating the pain syndrome. Together with this, the restoration of muscle activity is carried out. Let's take a closer look at this procedure below. The article will also describe some devices for electrical muscle stimulation.
General information
Muscle electrical stimulation is performed using special equipment. It is equipped with electrodes that are connected with wires. A device for electrical muscle stimulation sends current to the elements. Through electrodes, impulses are propagated into the muscle tissue. The result is a motor or sensory response.
Electrode placement methods
They are placed on the surface of the skin, over specific muscles. There are two options for placing items. The first is to place one electrode on a healthy area, and the other on the affected area. In the second case, elements are placed on either side of the problem area. The negative polarity that surrounds the damaged area promotes healing. It stimulates tissue formation, thus speeding up the recovery process.
Indications and contraindications
Electrical stimulation is recommended for the prevention of muscular atrophy, stimulation of the muscles of the thighs, large fibers of the anterior wall of the peritoneum with cellulite. The procedures are used to reduce excess weight and body shape. Electrical stimulation is recommended for deterioration of blood circulation (peripheral venous and arterial), decreased tone, lymph drainage. The procedure is not prescribed during pregnancy, the presence of an intrauterine pacemaker. Electrostimulation is contraindicated for nerves, after undergoing surgery.
Pain relief
There are two opinions on how electrical muscle stimulation relieves pain. According to the "gate theory" - the first hypothesis, signals from the affected area are sent to the brain via nerves. However, most of the impulses go through the "gate". Electrical stimulation signals also pass through them. As a result, the nerves that transmit the pain impulse are blocked. According to another theory, electrical muscle stimulation causes the brain to produce natural pain relievers - enkephalins and endorphins. It was found that after low-frequency exposure, the content of these compounds increases.
Impact on atrophy
A decrease can be accompanied by a variety of pathologies. Electrical muscle stimulation is often used to slow down or prevent this process. The impulses sent by the electrical muscle stimulation machine help to maintain the activity of the weakened muscles.
Osteoarthritis therapy
This pathology is caused by the degradation of joint tissues. In the course of research, it was found that electrical stimulation is a very effective technique in the treatment of patients suffering from osteoarthritis in this area of \u200b\u200bthe lower limb, as well as after surgery and joint replacement. Impulse stimulation can help strengthen the knee extensors, which provides better segment mobility.
Prevention of bedsores
This problem is considered quite common in bedridden patients. During a long stay in this position, there is strong and constant pressure on some areas of the body. Electrical stimulation of the buttocks helps prevent deformities and pressure ulcers.
Tissue restoration
Muscle electrical stimulation is actively used on fibers that do not contract enough. This kind of effect is indicated for various conditions, but most often it is prescribed to patients who have had a stroke or orthopedic surgery. Often, such patients experience serious difficulties when trying to make movements. With the correct placement of the electrodes, while the electrical signal is sent from the device to the muscle, the fibers can begin to contract without patient intervention. During this artificially induced reaction, the patient also tries to contract the muscles. As a result, the procedures help the brain "learn" again to coordinate muscle activity on its own.
Electrical muscle stimulation: expert reviews
Despite the fact that various activities are periodically carried out to study the effect of electric current, its effectiveness remains in question. In the course of some studies, the procedure gives almost no results. Electrical muscle stimulation is often an alternative method due to insufficient evidence of its benefits. However, there are experts who point to the effectiveness of the procedures. So, in the course of one of the studies conducted in 2014, which involved patients with severe and moderate muscle pain, it was found that exposure to electric current contributed to a significant decrease in the intensity of sensations. It should be noted that the study of the effectiveness of the procedures is still ongoing.
Electrical muscle stimulation for children
In pediatrics, electric shock is often used. Such a procedure as electrical muscle stimulation is not contraindicated for children, but it has its own characteristics. First of all, you should be careful not to exceed the duration of exposure. Electric stimulation of the lower leg muscles is prescribed for children with reduced tone. Due to the impulse effect, blood circulation is stimulated, the activity of the muscles is restored. Electrical stimulation of the leg muscles is recommended for children with flat feet.
Pros of exposure
Electrical muscle stimulation, reviews of many patients confirm this, is very effective in many cases. The undoubted advantage of the procedure is the removal of pain. As patients note, relief comes quickly enough and lasts a long period. Exposure to electric current does not provoke addiction. Electrical stimulation can be performed not only in special rooms, but also at home. Many patients have different devices at their disposal. According to them, using the equipment is quite simple: it is compact and does not require special skills. For many, these devices completely replace drug therapy.
Disadvantages of the procedure
The main disadvantage of the procedure is that it does not eliminate the cause of the pathology. Exposure only irritates the muscles, causing them to contract. However, muscle function may not recover if severe neurological damage occurs. Advertisements for electrostimulation devices claim that some of them contribute, however, there is no clinical evidence of this.
Exposure using professional equipment
Different devices are used for the procedures. One of them is the "ESMA" physiotherapy equipment. In the process of exposure, not only the fibers are irritated, but also the nerve that innervates them with the help of a pulsed current. As a result, a change in bioelectric activity is observed, spike responses are formed, and an intense contraction is carried out. During the procedure, such types of current are used as:
- High frequency.
- Pulse.
- Mid-frequency.
- Constant.
- Low frequency.
Mechanism of action
Electrical muscle stimulation is often compared to "gymnastics for the lazy" - the patient does nothing, and his muscles are active. However, experts are in no hurry to draw a direct analogy, since contractions under the influence of current and natural movement are very different. At the same time, one does not at all replace or cancel the other. In the course of ordinary physical activity, regardless of its nature - housework, special exercises, walks, etc. - purposeful work is carried out by far from all muscles. Against the background of exposure to current, all excited structures are involved. These include smooth and striated fibers. Nerve endings send a signal "up" to the centers of the brain, and "down" to organs and systems. At the same time, the walls of large vessels begin to react, and reserve capillary channels open. Due to such a massive impact, even the most weakened muscles are prepared for work. However, one should not be limited to the use of external influences. To successfully achieve a goal, you need to force your muscles to act.
Equipment types
Electrodes are applied to specific motor points of the hips, back, chest, abdomen, and lower extremities. Depending on which model of myostimulator is used, a special conductive gel may be applied to the skin. Usually 15-20 procedures are prescribed per course. The frequency of electrical stimulation is 2-3 times a week. The impact allows you to activate the fibers located deep enough, which in normal cases is difficult to get close to. Electrostimulation of the leg muscles is very effective. As a rule, the impact is directed to a separate muscle group. In this case, electrical stimulation is performed in a specific sequence. Actually, this determines the positive effect of the procedure. As mentioned above, the equipment is equipped with electrodes. They, in turn, are equipped with devices with the help of which they are attached to the body. The device also has a main unit. It generates a current of a certain strength and frequency. Each muscle group has its own mode of action. Often a special gel or cream is supplied in addition to the equipment to improve the impulse conductivity.
Home exposure
Portable devices are quite popular today. Some of them run on batteries. However, such devices are only capable of maintaining state. With a reduced tone, for example, there is not much benefit from them, since their power is not enough for a full effect. For example, electrostimulation of the calf muscles with a portable device will relieve fatigue after a working day. However, it will not help to correct the condition of the musculature. Among the most common devices are OMRON E4, Enistim-1, ESMA 12.20 COMBI and ESMA 12.48 FAVORIT.
In this article we will tell you everything about an electrostimulator for building muscle mass, an electromassager and electrophoresis in one device.
In 1990-1995, a big wave of bodybuilding swept in our country. "Rocking chairs" have become widespread, which were usually placed in the basements of houses. Those who wanted to increase their muscle mass were first copied and redrawn, and then with the spread of "bourgeois" copying technique - they copied notes and drawings describing the methods of building muscle mass by the then famous bodybuilder teacher - Joe Weider. This wave did not pass by me either. In one of the cooperatives in Kiev, I wrote out a cash on delivery scheme and a description of the "Electrostimulator for building muscle". I assembled this device and used it for a while instead of heavy sports equipment.
A wonderful property of this device is that with its help you can not only "pump up" muscles, but also do electromassage... This is achieved by setting the operating mode with short pulses. A person relaxes his body, while enjoying it - the muscles "themselves" involuntarily twitch. When using an electrostimulator, bruises, sprains and dislocations heal faster due to the acceleration of metabolic processes in skin cells and muscle tissues.
The electrostimulator allows burn subcutaneous fat.
Another property of the electrostimulator is that it can be used in a physiotherapy room - to work in a mode that allows you to do a medical procedure - electrophoresis.
In sports practice, the use of electrical stimulation is recommended for:
- increase in muscle strength (40-50%);
- an increase in muscle volume (5-10%);
- improvement of speed qualities / up to 29%);
- reduction of the subcutaneous fat layer (10-15%);
- increasing muscle performance;
- increasing the elasticity of muscles and ligaments.
Numerical data are given for a three-week course of electrical stimulation. It is advisable to use electrical stimulation to improve the above qualities, both for beginners and experienced athletes. The most pronounced positive effect of electrical stimulation in bodybuilding, weightlifting, gymnastics, various types of martial arts, etc.
The main purpose of the device
A single-channel stimulator of the human neuromuscular apparatus is intended for physiotherapeutic action by pulse-modulated currents in health-improving and sports practice, as a means of increasing functional physical sports indicators, and for the prevention and removal of pain syndromes.
The output stimulating pulses (SI) of the apparatus are modulated by an exponential envelope rectangular current oscillations of an adjustable frequency (1-10 kHz). The envelope repetition rate is 7-300 Hz. The indicated SI are formed in bursts of pulses, adjustable in duration: 0.5-10 sec or 0.05-1 Hz.
Specifications
- In the continuous generation mode (toggle switches "AM", "FM" - position "0"), a continuous series of SI is formed, the amplitude of which is regulated by the resistor R2 "Output level", and the repetition rate by the resistor R1 "Pulse frequency".
- In the amplitude modulation mode (the "AM" toggle switch is on) automatic alternation of SI series and pauses. The duration of the series is regulated by R3 "Modulation frequency".
- In the frequency modulation mode ("FM" is on), a continuous series of SI is generated, automatically changing in frequency from the value set by the "Pulse frequency" regulator to the minimum repetition rate of the SI.
- The SI amplitude regulation is smooth, from (0-3) V to (33- +3) V (at a power supply voltage (9- + 0.25V).
- SI repetition rate control is smooth from (5.8) Hz to (355- + 89) Hz.
- Regulation of the modulating signal frequency in the range from (0.05- + 0.01) Hz to (0.9- + 0.22) Hz (or, respectively, from 3 to 120 modulations / min).
- The ratio of the modulation pulse duration to the pause is no more than 1.5: 1.
- The pulse duration (tp) is (0.5- + 0.08) ms.
- Average power consumption (at power supply voltage (9- + 0.25) V, SI amplitude (33- + 3) V and connected load equivalent (1- + 0.1) kOhm) does not exceed (1.2- + 0 , 12) W
The schematic diagram of the electrostimulator is shown in the figure below.
The stimulant consists of:
A stimulating pulse generator based on elements DD1.1, DD1.2, VD1, VD2, VT3, C1, R1 ... R7 and a resistor R1 "Pulse frequency";
Modulation generator on elements DD1.3, DD1.4, VT12, СЗ, С4, R14… R16, R18… R21, R24 and resistor R3 "Modulation frequency";
Fill frequency generator on elements DD2.1, DD2.2, VD13, VD14, VT15 ... VT17, C5, R22, R23, R25 ... R30, VT19, VT20 and resistor R4 "Fill frequency";
Power amplifier on the elements VT18, VT21, VT22, R31 ... R35, C6, C7, transformer TV1, VD23;
Stabilizer on VT24, VT25, R36… R38 elements and LED H3;
Attenuator and pulse shaper on the elements VT5, VT6, VD7 ... VD11, R10 ... R13, C2, R39 and resistor R2 "Output level";
Display units on elements DD2.3, R8 and LED H1; VT4, R9 and RA1 dial gauge (output signal setting level);
DD2.4, R17 and LED H2 (modulation frequency), LED NC (power supply voltage control).
Signal generators are assembled according to traditional schemes and do not require a separate description.
Electrostimulator Parts List
DD1, DD2 - K561LA7
VT3, VT4, VT17, VT18, VT24, VT25 - KT315G
VT5, VT21 - KT361G
VT19, VT20 - KT972A
VT22 - KT827A VD1, VD2, VD7, VD8 ... VD14, VD23 - D223B
Н1, Н2, Н3 - AL307BM Device RA1 - М4248 - 100mkA
C1 - 0.068 μF
C2 - 4.7 nF
SZ - 50.0 μF x 10 V
C4 - 10.0 x 10 V
C5 - 6.8 nF
C6 - 30 pF
C7 - 200.0 μF
Transformer: Armored core with a diameter of 28 mm (external), 12 mm (internal), height - 24 mm. Windings I, II - 27 turns of PEL-0.3, III - 447 turns of PEL-0.2 The beginning, end of the windings are shown in the diagram.
Resistors:
R1, R33 - 1 kOhm
R2, R9, R14, R22, R23, R24 - 24 kOhm
R3 - 5.6 kOhm
R4 - 56 kOhm
R5, R10 - 100 kOhm
R6 - 68 kOhm
R11, R16, R18, R34 - 10kOhm
R13 - 75 kOhm
R15 - 4.3 kOhm
R20 - 6.8 kOhm
R19 - 51 kOhm
R21 - 20 kOhm
R25, R26, R28, R35 - 3.3 kOhm
R27, R30 - 6.2 kOhm
R29 - 1.8 kOhm
R31, R37 - 4.7 kOhm
R32 - 100 0m
R36 - 910 Ohm
R38 - 510 Ohm
R39 - 1 kOhm
Variable resistors:
R1 SPZ-4A - 10 kOhm
R2 SPZ-4A - 4.7 kOhm
R3, R4 SPZ-4A - 100 kOhm.
The stimulator is assembled in a body the size of a regular school notebook and approximately 5 centimeters high. The body was soldered from foil-coated PCB and painted with quick-drying enamel. For better adhesion of the enamel to copper foil, the body was prepared before painting: it was lightly processed with coarse-grained sandpaper, then it was placed in a solution of ferric chloride for 1 minute, then washed and dried. To reduce the size, as a PA1 device, I used a recording indicator from a cassette tape recorder. Battery power makes the device safe from electric shock (in an unforeseen situation during procedures, a person will not be able to tear off the electrodes attached to the body). For two square batteries of 4.5 volts, a compartment was made, but I did not put batteries in it (you can’t fill them enough), but a 9 volt step-down transformer with a diode bridge and a 470 uF capacitor. This does not meet safety requirements, but fulfilling certain requirements, you can secure yourself by other measures - to be "isolated" from heating systems, grounding, large metal objects in the room.
Printed circuit board
- deltoid muscles 1;
- biceps 2;
- triceps 15;
- brachioradialis muscle 3;
- radial extensor 14;
- trapezius muscle of the back 8;
- subscapularis muscle and latissimus dorsi 9;
- large round muscle 10;
- external oblique muscle of the abdomen 6;
- serratus anterior and rectus abdominis muscle 5;
- gluteus medius muscle, muscle-tensioner of the wide fascia, gluteus maximus muscle 11;
- sartorius muscle and rectus femoris 7;
- biceps femoris 13;
- semitendinosus muscle;
- semi-membranous muscle;
- gastrocnemius muscle 12.
ATTENTION! It is not recommended to subject the pectoral muscles to electrical stimulation. To avoid the flow of electric current through the heart area, the electrodes should always be placed only on the left or right, upper or lower body, but never on either side.
To eliminate unpleasant sensations during electrical stimulation, it is necessary to ensure reliable contact between the electrode area and the skin. To do this, 6-8-layer gauze pads soaked in 5-10% sodium chloride solution are placed under the electrodes. The best results are obtained with powdered graphite with spindle oil (sour cream consistency).
1. Increase in muscle strength and muscle volume
For the development of strength qualities, electrical muscle stimulation is carried out with the maximum current (voltage), the value of which is individual and is determined by personal feelings. A sensation should be achieved that the muscle is torn, as it were. This effect is achieved in addition to increasing the signal amplitude, as well as the duration of exposure. The muscle is brought to a state of complete fatigue by a series of sendings: stimulation-relaxation. The duration of stimulation and relaxation is selected individually, observing the main criterion - the rapid achievement of fatigue. Before starting the session, warm up all muscle groups. It is recommended to train 1-2 times a day, with a limited time, stimulate the most important muscle groups. The time of electrical stimulation of one muscle is up to 5 minutes.
ATTENTION: In the first days of classes, avoid overwork. The achieved results are saved without continuing training for 3-4 months.
2. Reduction of subcutaneous fat layer
Electrical stimulation allows you to reduce the thickness of the fat layer, activating metabolic processes throughout the body. For this purpose, stimulation of large muscle groups (gluteal, abdominal, etc.) is performed. The amplitude of the output signal is set to painless and maximally tolerable muscle contraction. Course - 20 daily sessions, observing a fasting diet. A session up to 10 minutes per muscle group. Electrical stimulation is also effective for enhancing muscle definition.
3. Flexibility training
The use of electrical stimulation allows for effective stretching of muscles and ligaments, which significantly reduces the time for mastering exercises that require flexibility (for example, "splits"). This area of \u200b\u200bES application can be recommended to representatives of various types of martial arts. To increase flexibility, electrodes are applied to those muscles, the "tension" of which does not allow performing this or that exercise (for example, the muscles of the back and front of the thigh when performing a split). The signal amplitude is gradually increased from zero, the relaxation time should be equal to the stimulation time. You need to perform exercises that "stretch" the muscles and ligaments from stretching which depends on the successful implementation of, for example, the same twine. The combination of exercise and electrical stimulation is very effective in developing flexibility. Affect each muscle for up to 5-10 minutes.
Rules for switching on and controlling the electrostimulator
The "Output level" knob should be brought out to the extreme left position. Then, without connecting the electrodes, set the "Output level" to the maximum, the AM switches to "1", the FM switches to "0". In this case, the battery voltage indicator HL3 should light up; the HL2 modulation indicator will light up rhythmically; synchronously to him - to deviate to the right arrow indicator. The indicator of the presence of pulses HL1 should light from a weak to a moderate level (depends on the knob "Pulse frequency").
Before starting the session, moisten the electrodes in saline, securely attach the electrodes to the muscle to be stimulated, connect the wires from the electrodes to the X1 and X2 connectors of the electrostimulator. Turn on the electrostimulator, adjust the amplitude regulator smoothly from zero, based on the training methodology and personal feelings, the required SI amplitude. In case of tingling, burning sensation, press the electrodes harder to the muscles.
When electrostimulation according to claim 1 AM, FM switch on, the pulse repetition rate is 30-100 Hz, the modulation frequency is 0.2-0.25 Hz (12-15 messages per minute), the filling frequency is 2-8 kHz. The optimal position of the adjustments is set according to personal feelings, achieving the least discomfort. The rest is according to n.1 Methodology.
When electrostimulation according to clause 2 of the Methodology: turn on AM, turn off FM, repetition frequency 100-200 Hz, filling frequency 4-8 kHz, modulation frequency 0.5 Hz (30 messages per minute).
When electrostimulation according to item 3, set the parameters in accordance with item 1 of the Methodology.
Food
Security measures
IT IS FORBIDDEN:
- moving the electrodes during electrostimulation without turning off the power of the device;
- break the electrostimulator-electrodes circuit during the session;
- start an electrostimulation session without removing the signal amplitude to zero;
- engage in a state of extreme fatigue.
By the method of protecting the patient from voltage by electric current, the stimulator corresponds to class III and type BF in accordance with GOST 12.2.025 - 76g.
There are no absolute contraindications to the appointment of electrical stimulation.
Electrostimulation is relatively contraindicated in the following diseases: hemophilia, hereditary family diseases of the nervous system (progressive muscular dystrophy, myotonia, myasthenia gravis, amitrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, sirigomyelia, multiple sclerosis (in the acute phase), syphilitic dryness, all infectious and infectious chore non-infectious diseases in the acute stage, fever, disorders of cerebral circulation, severe forms of hypertension, skin diseases, rupture of muscles and ligaments, bone fractures.Do not act on the vocal cords, as airway closure may occur.Do not electrostimulation of the abdomen and lower back in pregnant women.
It should be borne in mind that electrical stimulation can suppress chronic pain, which is a symptom of a pathological process of unexplained causes.
In all cases, the question of the advisability of electrical stimulation should be discussed with a specialist doctor.
Greetings to everyone. Many times I thought of trying EMS training. Once I did an advertisement for one club, so clients said more positive things. The Chinese do not lag behind and also offer similar things. Recently, quite often this product has slipped in advertising and discounts. Many people are scared to buy this. but we decided and got it. Looking ahead, I will say right away - I did not expect ...
Description from the site
SHANDONG Muscle Training Gear - This is a muscle stimulator to strengthen your muscles. Without even lifting a finger, reach the body of your dreams. There are two versions (abdominal pad and shoulder pad), depending on which muscle group you want the desired effect. The soft PU pad fits comfortably and neatly to the contours of your skin, while the silk-printed electrodes and conductive gel sheets efficiently distribute impulses.
Video of a more serious modulator, but the principle of operation is the same
Operating principle
Now we turn to the complex processes in the body. It's no secret to many that they need irritation to activate muscles. In everyday life, irritation is triggered through the central nervous system, spinal cord, nerve fibers and transmitted to the corresponding muscles. These endogenous stimuli are, in the physical sense, electrical in nature. The EMS trainer uses the effect inherent in the body and intensifies our native stimulus by external influence, thereby making the muscles contract more strongly and better. In general terms, EMS is the purposeful amplification of one's own electrical stimuli from the outside.
Packing and shipping
We received the goods in 14 days. Delivery across Ukraine is now carried out by new mail. I received one product in general in 8 days. At least some positive aspects began to appear with the delivery. The product is in a dense cardboard box with many inscriptions. Not damaged and remained intact. You are unlikely to take someone for a gift, although if for this purpose (maybe to close people). The whole is also inside. The packaging is just great. Thick foam rubber with cutouts for accessories.
Equipment
The kit includes a multi-page instruction in English, a power supply, a double usb-microUSB cable for simultaneously charging two control washers with brains. There is also a resealable transparent bag for storage and transportation and laminated paper (I don't know what it is for). There is also a cutout in the foam for the third control washer, but only two are included.
Characteristics
There is no particular information in the store, it is only indicated that there are 6 operating modes and 9 speeds. Looking ahead, I will say that already 2-3 speed "cuts", further it is possible only on large muscles.Here is a small photo with the parameters from the instructions. 
In the instruction itself, there are still many warnings that patients should not be used, pregnant women and with personal intolerance.
Charge time 20 minutes. During charging, the red indicator is on, and at the end it turns off
Photos instructions
Measurements and dimensions
Management and use
The main puck (I will call it that) has three control buttons. The M button is responsible for selecting the stimulation mode, and the + and - buttons are responsible for the intensity (power). As they say in the instructions, you need to go full circle, i.e. six modes in order to work out the muscle. Choose the intensity based on your feelings. For me, the second mode was shocking right away. Later, of course, the situation became better when I began to understand that it was happening at all. The washer also has a micro usb port for charging. The cover of the soft touch washer is pleasant. Everything is done well enough.
The set includes two butterflies and one press platform. Butterflies can be placed on almost any muscle, except, of course, the neck and face (and other intimate parts of the body). The butterflies and platform are glued to the plates. Peel off the protective plate for use. A hydrogel is applied to the contacts, which will adhere to the skin and improve conductivity. This gel is enough for 30 times of use. Then you can further extend the period by rinsing with water (as indicated in the instructions). Then you need to replace the hydrogel plates. I haven't found where to buy them yet, but the store has butterflies and a press platform, which are sold without washers. They are priced around $ 14. There are also other options for butterflies. We will also look for this gel. At the request of "conductive gel" there are many options, but one needs one to be attached, i.e. was sticky.
The device automatically turns off after 20 minutes of use. 
Impression
I immediately checked it on the biceps. I switched on the first mode and the first power position. There was a slight tingling sensation. As soon as I turned on the second power mode, then I was just shocked. I wanted to shout. The arm rose by itself, the biceps tensed and began to twitch in time with the work of the regime. After a minute, the sensations are completely different. You begin to understand how everything works. During work, you can try to unbend or bend the arm, this does not give an even greater effect. If used on the legs, then in the operating mode you can do a squat. The effect is very noticeable. I sometimes go to the gym, I know the sensations of muscle work. Here, of course, the effect is slightly different, but the muscles tense in some modes much more than when working with dumbbells or a barbell. After examining many forums, everyone says that such workouts work out the muscles in more detail and are an additional workout from the core of strength in the gym. To be honest, after 20 minutes I was a little tired. The muscles were also well felt that they were at work. The press hurts even now. The thing is that you are still trying to resist when this stimulant is working, which causes additional stress and improves performance.An example of the operation of several modes. Tested on the first day. The sensations are ambiguous, but later you get used to it and you understand everything.
Conclusion
In general, I would like to say that the effect exceeded expectations. Honestly, I wouldn't have thought it would be that cool. It simply cannot be described in words, but the muscles, independently of you, begin to work and strain. This device works. If you spend a lot of time in a chair, then your muscles definitely do not receive such loads. Here you can knead them in this way, that's for sure, and if you still do the exercises in time with the work, the effect will be definitely better. This is not a panacea for obesity, not a magic piece for the press lying on the couch, but the effect is definitely there. After 5 minutes, you get used to it, you begin to understand how the muscle works. Even Lena did not want to, but then calmly spent 20 minutes doing such a workout. There were as many smiles and laughter during the test as there weren't in a very long time. It was the most fun and interesting unboxing I have ever heard of so far.
No matter how great everything is, there is one significant drawback - it is a conductive gel, which is a consumable. If used for its intended purpose, then out of the box it can be enough for 1-2 months if you practice every day, but in fact, in two days we got to the point that he began to hold on badly. I washed it with a little water, dried it up and again holds, but soon the plates need to be changed. I don't know where to get them yet. We bought it solely for information purposes and did not hope that this device would be pleasant to use. It's just that on the first day we glued one butterflies to different muscles. It was interesting. Thank you all for your attention. Friends, I tried to explain and tell how I understand and how it is. Until new reviews.
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