Every year, "International Olympic Day" is celebrated worldwide on June 23.
This holiday received his birth in 1948, when the International Olympic Committee, during the 42th session, noted the need to perpetuate the date on June 23, as the date of birth of the first Olympiad in Greece, which was held in 1896.
The public figure and activist of the IOC Pierre de Cubebertan headed the International Olympic Committee that year and came out with a proposal to the Organization of the United Nations with a proposal to make this day in the register of festive and memorable dates of humanity. Since 1949, International Olympic Day is celebrated annually.
To date, Olympic movement covers more than 200 countries of the world, where more than five billion people live. Every year, on tradition, marathon will be organized on this day in the capitals of the countries of the signatories of the Olympic Charter.
International Olympic Day is an unofficial holiday, which is included in the register of memorable and festive dates of the Russian Federation. It is not a day off (if it falls on a weekday).
Every year on June 23, an international Olympic Day is celebrated around the world (International Olympic Day). On the history of the revival of the Olympic Movement and remarkable facts tells the librarian Jan Skipin.
Olympic Games are the largest worldwide sports competitions, which are held every four years. Ancient Greece Olympic Games, held in Olympia, were a sports religious holiday. The first documented confirmed games are dating 776 BC. er, although it is known that the games were held before. It is noteworthy that at the time of the sacred games it was forbidden to continue any hostilities.
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| Pierre de Couberten |
On June 23, 1894, at the International Athletic Congress, held at the University of Sorbonne (Paris), the French Public Worker and the Advocacy of Sports Baron Pierre de Cubebert presented a report on the revival and organization of the ancient Greek Olympic Games. De Couberten's proposal was adopted by the participants of the Congress, and it was also decided to spend these competitions every four years with an invitation to participate in them by representatives of all countries. On the same day, a special body was created for organizing games - the International Olympic Committee, which included representatives of the twelve participating countries, including from Russia, Greece, France, Denmark, Spain, Italy, England, USA. The first president of the Committee was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, and the Secretary General - the ideological inspirer, Baron Pierre de Cubebert. From Russia, the first representative in the Olympic Committee was Alexey Dmitrievich Butovo, General of the Russian Army, teacher and a promoter of sports and a healthy lifestyle. He was a member of the Committee for six years.
The Games of the I Olympiad of 1896 decided to spend in Greece - the country-the Rodonarchist of these competitions. On April 6, 1896, the first modern Olympics opened in Athens. Then among the 241 athlete from 14 countries, medals were played in 9 sports. And in 2004, more than 15 thousand athletes and official persons from 202 countries took part in the Olympic Games in Greece. Medals have already played in 28 sports.
The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympic Games, began to be held every four years, except for years when world wars went. In 1924, the Winter Olympic Games were also established, which were originally held in the same year as Summer. However, since 1994, the time of the Winter Olympic Games was decided to shift for two years about the time of summer games.
The idea of \u200b\u200bestablishing a festive day dedicated to the Olympic movement around the world was proposed at the 41st sessions of the International Olympic Committee in 1947 in Stockholm, and at the 42nd session of the IOC in St. Morica, the project was approved officially. The goal of the holiday was the promotion of sports healthy lifestyle worldwide, involvement in the sports movement of all those wishing regardless of age, gender and nationality. Olympic Charterthe foundations of which are approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, says:
"The Olympic movement has its own goals to bring up young people with the help of sports in the spirit of the best understanding and friendship, thus contributing to creating a better and more relaxing world."
In the Olympic Day worldwide by the National Olympic Committees, various sports, cultural and educational events are held - mass runs, competitions, meetings with Olympic champions or famous people, thematic exhibitions, concerts, sports show programs. The main goal of these events is the promotion of Olympic values, the propaganda of the Olympic movement, sports and a healthy lifestyle.
The symbol of the Olympic Games is five bonded rings, symbolizing the combination of five parts of the world in the Olympic movement. The color of the rings in the top row is blue, symbolizing Europe, black Africa, Red America, in the lower row - Yellow Asia, green Australia.
There are several traditions and rituals of the Olympic Games:
Conducting the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games;
The light of the Olympic Fire at the opening ceremony (the fire is lit from sunlight in Olympia and is delivered by the torches of athletes to the city-organizer of the following games);
Pronouncement by one of the outstanding athletes of the country, in which the Olympiad, Olympic oath, on behalf of all participants in the Games;
Pronouncing on behalf of the judges of the oath of impartial refereeing;
Presentation to winners and prize-winners of medals;
Raising the State Flag and the fulfillment of the national anthem in honor of the winners.
The title of Olympic Champion is the most honorable, prestigious and desired athlete, in almost all Olympic sports it is a twist of the world champion.
All athletes, regardless of gender, nationality and political preferences dream of the Olympic medal and consider it the highest award. And, of course, the Olympic champions are the pride of any state.
Do you know what?
· At the first modern Olympiad in Athens, the athletes who took the first places were awarded the silver medals and the branches of Oliva. The second seats were marked by bronze medals. While for the third place the participants did not receive anything. And in Paris in 1900 for the first place athletes presented paintings, because Such a prize was considered the most valuable. But in 1904, in the city of St. Louis, in the first, second and third places began to produce gold, silver and bronze medals, respectively. This tradition has been preserved today;
· At the modern Olympic Games, gold medals contain quite a few pure gold. According to the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee, in the Golden Olympic medals should contain at least 6 grams of pure gold in the form of applying. Usually, the organizers of the Games do not increase this figure, so the gold medal in the physical sense is mostly silver. But in the medals of the highest sample of the 2012 Olympics in London, the gold content is slightly more than 1%. The last time the medals cast from pure gold received athletes at the Olympics in Stockholm in 1912;
· From 1912 to 1948, the medals of the Olympic Games were awarded not only athletes, but also to cultural and artists. Pierre de Cubert, offering to revive the Olympics, expressed the idea that it is necessary to compete both in sports and in art, but the works should have any attitude towards sports. There were only five main coping nominations: architecture, literature, music, painting and sculpture. However, after the 1948 Olympics, it was decided to refuse, replacing the competition by conventional thematic exhibitions;
· The Chinese national team did not win in any Olympic species until 1984. However, in Beijing in the native walls China won a hundred medals, including 51 high-sample medals. The national team of Middle Kingdom was able to surprise the whole world with his persistence and hardly working.
· At the closing ceremony of the Olympiad-80 in Moscow, one of the most spectacular elements was the image of the Olympic Bears with colored shields, a chicken number was his tear. But few people know that it was originally not in the scenario, however, at the rehearsal, one statist, holding a shield, mistakenly raised it upwards not dark, but a bright face. When the head said to change the side, the order began to fulfill all the statists of this series. As a result, the rolling wave immediately reminded to everyone, in such a form, and included it in the ceremony.
· Olympic Games in Sochi are twenty second on the background of winter games in history. It is noteworthy that in 1980 in Moscow spent twenty-second summer Olympics.
· During the 1984 Olympiad in Los Angeles McDonald, "s launched a marketing share. For each American athletes won, the bronze medal visitor was relied on a free glass of cola, for Silver - Portion of Potatoes Friend, for the Golden - Big Mac. However, such an action almost led The company to the financial catastrophe, because Soviet government decided not to send a delegation to this Olympiad, which is why the United States won much more medals than was planned.
· 106 daysthe Olympic Fire Marathon lasted in Vancouver in 2010. More recently, it was considered the longest and passed through 200 settlements with the participation of 12,000 people. But Russia broke all records. The Olympic Fire Relay of 2014 began on October 7, 2013 in Moscow and ended on February 7, 2014 in Sochi. The Olympic flame overcame more than 60,000 km, and the number of torch relocated for 14,000.
And just at this time, for the first time, European games are held, which are held in Baku (Azeirbajan) from 12 to 28 June 2015. 6,200 athletes from fifty countries of Europe take part on the games and 253 set of awards are played.
Symbols of European Games in Baku became images of Ceyrana (Gazelle) - a symbol of grace, natural beauty, grace and purity, and Nara (grenade) is a symbol of life and energy. It was noted that Jaran and Nar reflect the history of Azerbaijan and his prospective future.
Yana Skipina, Librarian of the Central Library. A.S. Pushkin
June 23, on the day of the creation of the International Olympic Committee, an international Olympic day is celebrated.
The post of Secretary General IOC took Pierre de Coubert. Congress decided to hold games I Olympiad in 1896 in Greece.
Currently, the Olympic Games have become the largest sports festival of the planet. Their holding still relies on the Olympic Charter adopted in 1894 - a peculiar charter, which determines the goals, content and nature of the movement, as well as the conditions for the celebration of the Olympic Games.
This document gives a clear definition of Olympism, which is a "philosophy of life, elevating and uniting into a balanced whole dignity of body, will and mind. Olipism connecting sports with culture and education seeks to create a lifestyle based on joy from efforts to The educational value of a good example and respect for universal major ethical principles. "
The Olympic movement has its emblem and the flag approved by the IOC on Couter Note in 1913. The emblem is five twisted rings of blue, black, red (top row), yellow and green (lower row) colors that symbolize 5 combined continents in the Olympic movement. The motto of the Olympic movement is Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, above, stronger).
Flag - White Watery with Olympic Rings.
For more than 100 years of history, the ritual of the Games was formed: the ignition of the Olympic Fire at the opening ceremony (the fire is lit from sunlight in Olympia in Greece and is delivered to the torch relay athletes in the Olympic Games Organizer); Crossing one of the outstanding athletes of the country, in which games are held, the Olympic oath on behalf of all participants in the Games; pronouncing on behalf of the judges of the oath of impartial refereeing; presentation to the winners and commizers of the competition medals; Raising the state flag of the country and the fulfillment of the national anthem in honor of the winners.
Since 1932, the organizer of the Olympic Games is building the so-called Olympic Village for participants in the Games.
According to the Olympic Charter, the games are the competition between individual athletes, and not between national teams. However, since 1908, the unofficial general credit was distributed - the definition of places engaged in teams by the number of medals received. In this case, priority in establishing a command place is given to gold medals, and in their equality - silver and bronze awards.
For more than 110 years (1896-2010), 29 year old Olympiads were held and three times (1916, 1940, 1944) of the game did not take place due to the first and second world wars. The Olympiad receives its number and in cases where the games were not conducted (for example, VI - in 1916-1919, XII - 1940-1943, XIII - 1944-1947).
Since 1924, the Winter Olympic Games, which have their numbering have been held. In February 2010, the XXI Winter Olympics took place in Vancouver.
With the development of the Olympic movement, more and more countries are included in its orbit.
In the XXIX Games of the Summer Olympiad, which were held in Beijing in August 2008, took part 204 countries. For the first time, athletes from Montenegro, Tuvalu (Polynesia) and Marshall Islands (Micronesia) competed in the games.
In the XXI Winter Olympics, 82 countries took part in Vancouver, while Ghana, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Pakistan, Peru, Serbia, was debuted at the Winter Olympiad.
XXX Summer Olympics will be held from July 27 to August 12, 2012 in London.
XXII Winter Olympics will be held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in the city of Sochi.
The sports program of games is increasingly enriched. Almost every Olympics in its program appear new sports, respectively, the number of played Olympic awards is also increasing.
Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources
It is celebrated annually on June 23 as a sign of the revival of the Olympic traditions on the planet, the goal of the education of young people with the help of sports to achieve mutual understanding between the peoples and countries, and to strengthen peace on Earth. National Olympic Committees on this day organize competitions in different sports disciplines, massive race is very popular. Everything comes to the distance: professional athletes, sports veterans, newcomers, lovers and just wanting to take part. The maximum coverage of the population is the main principle of the Olympic Devise "Sport for All!". Participation in such competitions is a wonderful way to give a tribute to the great tradition of the Olympic Games, the ideas of honest competition, self-improvement and self-development.
history of the holiday
The holiday was established in 1948 at 42 sessions of the IOC. The date of the celebration was chosen in no coincidence - June 23, 1894 entered the story as the day of creation of the IOC after the historical speech of one of the main inspirationors of the Renaissance of the Olympic traditions of Pierre de Couberten. He became at the head of the Committee created. Meanwhile, the idea to establish a special festive day dedicated to the Olympic movement on the planet and allowed to tell people about the main Olympic principles, first sounded at the 41st sessions of the International Olympic Committee (abbreviated IOC) in Stockholm in 1947.
In order to choose a holiday date, you needed a historic background. In June 1894, the International Congress was held in Paris on the problems of physical education, which was attended by representatives of 12 states. Every year, new participating countries traditionally include this event in the school curriculum.
In recent years, many National Olympic Committees have added to the celebration of dedicated concerts and thematic exhibitions. Recent NOC events included conversations of children and young people with the best athletes and Olympians, the development of new websites that help people join sports and inform about sports events at the place of residence.
The Japanese name of Japan Nihon (日本) consists of two parts - ni (日) and hon (本), both of which are chickeys. The first word (日) in modern Chinese is pronounced Rì and indicates, as in Japanese, the "sun" (transmitted to his ideogram). The second word (本) in modern Chinese is pronounced Bӗn. Its initial value is "root", and the ideogram transmitting it is an ideograph of a tree Mù (木) with a screwdriver added at the bottom, denoting the root. From the value "root", the value of "Origin" was developed, and it was in this meaning that it was included in the name of Japan Nihon (日本) - "The Origin of the Sun"\u003e "Country of the Rising Sun" (Sovr. Kit. Rì Bӗn). In Ancient Chinese, the word BӗN (本) also had the meaning of the "scroll, book". In modern Chinese, it in this meaning is supplanted by the word shū (書), but remains in it as a countable word for books. The Chinese word BӗN (本) was borrowed to Japanese as in the value of "root, origin" and in the value of "scroll, book", and in the form of Hon (本) means a book and in modern Japanese. This is the Chinese word BӗN (本) in the meaning of the "scroll, book" was also borrowed in the ancient Turkic language, where, after adding to him, the Turkic suffix -ig acquired the form of * küjnig. Turks brought this word to Europe, where it from the Danube Turkey-speaking Bulgar in the form of Kaniga fell into the language of the Slavonic Bulgarian and through Church Slavic spread to other Slavic languages, including Russian.
Thus, the Russian word book and the Japanese word Hon "Book" have a general root of Chinese origin, and the same root is included as the second component in the Japanese name of Japan Nihon.
I hope everything is clear?)))