What should be the strength of the brushes of dynamometry. Power characteristics of the muscular system

Today we will tell you in detail that the dynamometer measures, and which varieties of this device exist. But before answering these and other questions, it is necessary to figure out what the term "dynamometry" implies. As you know, this word was formed from two Greek: Metron, that is, measure, and dynamis - power.

It should be noted that this unit of measurement is particularly often used in anthropometry, anthropology, in neuropathology, during professional selection, studying military contingents, fatigue, and so on.

What measures the dynamometer?

Of the foregoing, you can safely make a conclusion that the dynamometer is special adaptationWith which absolutely anyone can easily and quickly measure their own muscle strength.

By the way, the testimony of such an appliance varies significantly depending on the duration and difficulty of professional work. In the event that this method allows you to receive certain results in their graphic form, then it is called dynamography.

Types of dynamometers

Currently, the device presented has many different models. The most common among them is a medical manual dynamometer, which is intended for measurement muscular power Brushes hands. Such a device is not in vain called medical, as it is often used in hospitals and clinics, for equipping a medical device in sanatoriums, sports facilities and schools.

However, the answer to the question is that the dynamometer measures measures, not only the muscular power of the hand brush can serve. After all, there are such varieties of this device, which are often used for a similar measurement of the forces of the musculature of legs and torso, characterizing the degree of physical development of a person.

Medical Dynamometer: Appearance and calculations

With the help of such a manual medical device can easily and quickly determine the power of the patient's brush muscle. During this procedure, two dimensions on each hand are alternately, and then the best result is fixed. Externally, the device presented reminds how it looks a little different, with a sensor and a measuring board. In addition, the dynamometer is not intended for training cyclic works, and for a single compression with the highest possible for if such a procedure is carried out solely for medical purposes, the hospital employee is obliged to make the results obtained in a special journal of control.

For more objective indicators, the subtraction of muscle strength should be subtracted. After all, its growth in training is quite closely interrelated with increasing muscular mass and body weight athlete. For example, that you can independently determine the relative amount of the strength of the brushes of your own hands, are needed by the testimony that were obtained in kilograms from a manual medical dynamometer, multiply by hundred and then divided by human body weight. So, for the previously untangled men, this index will be 60-70, and for women - 45-50%.

Definition of breeding

Calculating the power of the hands of hands, you can check the results in such basic exercise, as deadlift. It is in this movement that all human qualities will be visible. This is due to the fact that with such an exercise at the athlete, all major muscles of the body are involved.

To accomplish such a measurement, it is necessary to use a special device, which is externally similar to a conventional foot expander. It consists of handles for hands and footrests. However, instead of springs, this device has a cable with a peculiar in the middle.

The task of the subject is to pull the handles on themselves with the highest possible force. In order to determine the necessary values, it follows similarly, as in the case of a manual medical device, calculate the relative value of the traction. Its results can be interpreted as follows:

less than 170% - low;
from 170% to 200% - below average;
from 200% to 230% - average;
from 230% to 250% - above average;
more 260% - high.

If at the process of training at the athlete significantly increases the relative strength indicators, this indicates a significant increase in muscle strength and, accordingly, on the percentage increase in the content of the most muscle mass.

Factors that, anyway, affect the strengths

In the process of assessing the power of musculature for self-control, do not forget that it directly depends on such individual factors as:

Age of man.
Sexuality.
Athlete body weight.
Types of training influences.
The degree of fatigue, etc.

In addition, muscle rates can change significantly during all day. For example, the smallest value is observed in the morning and evening, and the greatest - in the midst of the day, that is, in the middle.

It is also worth noting that a significant decrease in an athlete or ordinary person is often marked during:

general ailment;
any diseases;
violations of the day and nutrition mode;
emotional disorders or with a negative mood and so on.

Among other things, the values \u200b\u200bon the dynamometer can be lowered in the elderly people, as well as those who for 40-50 years. A similar situation is often observed in men or women, quite rarely engaged in physical culture, including ordinary gymnastics, walking and so on.

Why do you need to know the power indicators?

Not everyone knows how and what the dynamometer measures. However, such a medical device pretty well helps those who regularly engage in sports. After all, systematic self-surveillances allow a person to creatively treat his daily training and healthy image Life in general. Knowing their own muscular power, the athlete is capable of effectively and rationally physical culture To strengthen immunity and preserve health, as well as to improve performance and even professional growth.

Muscle force measurement - Dynamometry

For measuring muscle force, special devices are used - dynamometers, among which are the most common collen dynamometers. With their help, they determine the strength of muscle-blowing brushes and fingers (brush dynamometry), as well as the power of the muscle-vertebel muscle column (milling dynamometry). They are simple, not cumbersome, therefore apply during mass examinations.

When measuring the strength of the muscle-blow muscle brushes and fingers, the dynamometer is located on the palm surface of the brush so that its arrow is turned to the wrist. The surveyed pulls the hand to the side and the dynamometer compresses with force.

The strength of the muscle-vertex vertex is determined by a dynamometer that is fixed to the board. The subject stands up on the board, leans forward (the legs must be straightened), takes the knobs of the dynamometer (they should be located at the level knee joints) And pulls them up.

In sports practice, the so-called polydamometers have been widely used with which you can define the power of many muscles. For this purpose, it is used, for example, a design dynamometer V. M. Abalakova with an indicator of a watch type.

To eliminate the effect on the manifestation of muscle efforts of the strength of other muscle groups, the stand of the multidirectional effort proposed by A. V. Kontrokov et al. (1964). This stand is a couch with two guide tubes located on the sides, according to which the vertical carriage stand is moved (back-back). With the help of locks, it can be firmly fixed on any plot. A horizontal plank is moving on the down-up carriage to which a dynamometer is mounted using a hook or ring. On the couch there are stops for legs and shoulders. The distance between these stops can be changed depending on the length of the body and the width of the shoulders of the subject. For the fixation of the body and its individual segments on the couch, longitudinal slits are made through which belts are the clamps.

When measuring the force of muscle of flexors and extensors of the forearm,

Shoulder and hips The subject lies on the back. Rib cageThe torso in the waist area and the thigh are fixed using belts. The carriage is near lower extremities Test. The studied I segment should occupy vertical position. A stray with a metal crochet or a ring for a dynamometer is put on the distal part of the segment. The carriage transverse crossbar is installed so that the "dynamometer-strap" system wasparallel to the couch. After these preparations, the subject performs

this or that movement with maximum strength.

e) the most outstanding point of the sacrum on the rear median line.

Then with the help of goniometer V. A. Hambursv (the legs are consistently installed at the corresponding points), the angles of inclination of the spinal column segments concluded between these points are determined. The angles are counted from the imaginary vertical of the body (see Fig. 201 in the uch. M. F. Ivanitsky "Anatomy of Man"):

angle A-inglor of the tilt segment 1-2 to vertical;

the angle V is the angle of inclination of the segment 2-3 to the vertical;

the angle p is the angle of inclination of the segment 3-4 to the vertical;

4) T - the angle of inclination of the segment 4-5 to the vertical.

Corners A and 7 characterize the neck of lordosis; Corners P and U - Lumbar Lordoz. The greater the magnitution of the corners, the stronger the bends of the spinal column are expressed. With a large magnitude of the angle V and a small magnitude of the angle | 3 there is a stability (the upper form of kyphosis), at large values \u200b\u200bof both angles - kifotic posture, and with a small rectified type of posture. The large amount of corners y and o characterizes the lordotic type of posture. With a large value of the angle, the so-called lumbar form of lordosis is observed, and with a large value of the angle of SG - the sacral shape of the lumbar lordosis.

In addition, measure the angle of inclination of the pelvis with an appropriate goniometer with a passing goniometer, installing the feet of the circulat on the pubic point and to an osted outflow V lumbar vertebra. The magnitude of this angle characterizes the sex features of the empty of the body.

All obtained data enclose in the table and give the characteristic of the empty of the body.

Compare the data obtained with the table below.

At highly qualified gymnasts, the angle of inclination of the pelvis and the corners characterizing the lumbar lordosis are greater than that of non-sports, and the infant of the chest kyphosis is less; At the swimmers, the angle of inclination of the pelvis is the same as in non-sports, but the corners characterizing the lumbar lumbays are greatly increased; Skiers with a large slope of the pelvis, the indicators of the lumbar lordosis are small, but more the magnitution of the angles pointing to the stubbornness.

Evaluation of posture of body

Polo- head	Shaino- lines	Dispenser shoulder	Third nicky waist	Height over floor		Strict roma Mosh	Shoulder indicator	Depth of Lordoza
				Acromial	Under- severly cushion point			cervical	lumbar

Table

Indicators of the chest and lumbar bends of the spine according to V. A. Hamburst (Men - M, Women - G)

Do not engage in sports

Age					Tasse angle
Age	m.	g.	m.	g.	m.	g.
18	27,05	24,95	22,31	22,48	47,00	45,05
19	27,21	25,54	22,54	22,50	47,04	45,05
20-21	27,58	25,93	22,57	22,53	47,09	45,03
22-24	28,19	26,13	22,54	22,53	47,12	44,95
40-44	30,08	27,31	22,50	22,77	47,10	44,62
50-54	30,95	29,24	22,00	22,62	46,90	44,32
60-64	31,65	31,86	19,80	21,67	46.. !0	43,62
80-84	32,98	41,62	15,10	16,17	42,50	40,52
90-104	35,29	43,51	12,00	12,17	40,21	37,32

At the athletes

Specialization					Tilt angle
	ms.	III r.	ms.	III r.	ms.	III r.
Gymnastics (women)	12,97	13,54	24,78	23,59	48,07	45,66
Swimming
men	16,94	16,10	24,52	23,08	44,28	45,90
women	14,58	13,82	23,20	22,36	44,82	44,60
skiing	15,94	14,98	22,92	21,50	47,92	46,78

Dynamometry is a method for measuring the force of a separate muscle or muscle group using special devices - dynamometers.

Brush dynamometry

Brush dynamometry - measurement of the strength of the blow muscle fingers. Dynamometry brushes looks like a single-time maximum effect on the device muscular fibers. With a dispersed forearm, the studied squeezes the manual dynamometer with one brush. The study is carried out for both limbs, after which the data obtained is comparisted. With the help of a reversing device, a study is also carried out for the exlearch of the forearm, thigh and shin bends.

Range Dynamometry and Dynamography

Ranged Dynamometry - Measuring Force muscular groupsstraightening torso. The bottom bar of the dynamometer should be fixed under the feet of the subject. The studied clashes the top plank of hands with hands and pulls up. At the same time, he tries to straighten up with the lower limbs disengaged in the knees.

In addition to becoming, reversible and manual spring dynamometers there are mercury appliances in which muscle force is defined as a pressure level on the sensor using a mercury gauge.

Dynamography is a type of study that allows you to register muscle contractions in the form of a series of curves on the chart. This method shows a long muscle muscle effort or muscle group in dynamics. Dynamography is used in resortology, neurology.

Dynamometry indicators are expressed with absolute values \u200b\u200bor relative (with respect to anything, by weight, for example). These measurements are taken into account anthropometry, physiology, in sports hygiene and sports medicine. Also, the results are used to assess the degree of physical development of a person.

Assessment of results

Different scales for estimating dynamometry indicators have been developed. There are averaged values \u200b\u200bof the results of dynamometry, which are made for the norm. They differ depending on the growth, gender and age category of the subject. However, other individual patient features should be taken into account.

One of the main indicators of physical development in children, starting from the age of eight years and to eighteen, there are random power and the power of the right hand, expressed in kilograms. In neurology, measurements of other muscle groups can be used if necessary. Most often, research is carried out in neurological diseases accompanied by muscle weakness (miasthenia, paresa after stroke, assessing the effectiveness of the treatment of multiple sclerosis with the weakness of the limbs, etc.).

Dynamometry in children of various sexes and age gives different results, despite the same methodology. Measurement is carried out twice, through a small pause for recreation.

Age indicators and dynamometry rate

So, the norms of indicators of the power of the right hand in boys:

From 8 to 11 years old range from 13.0 to 18, 5 kg;

From 12 to 15 years - from 21, 6 to 37.6 kg;

From 16 to 19 years old - from 45.9 to 51.0 kg.

For girls, these norms have much smaller meanings:

From 8 to 11 years, respectively, the norm from 9.8 to 17.1 kg;

From 12 to 15 years, the rate is equal to 19.9 to 28, 3;

From 16 to 19 years old - from 31, 3 to 33.8 kg.

From the foregoing, you can safely make a conclusion that a dynamometer is a special device, with which absolutely anyone can easily and quickly measure its own muscle strength.

Currently, the device presented has many different models. The most common among them is a medical manual dynamometer, which is intended for measuring the muscle strength of the hand brush. Such a device is not in vain called medical, as it is often used in hospitals and clinics, for equipping a medical unit in sanatoriums, sports facilities and schools.

With the help of such a manual medical device can easily and quickly determine the power of the patient's brush muscle. During this procedure, two dimensions on each hand are alternately, and then the best result is fixed. Externally, the presented device resembles a brush expander. However, it looks a little different, with the sensor and the measuring board. In addition, the dynamometer is not intended for training cyclic works, but for a single compression with the highest possible force for a person. If such a procedure is carried out solely for medical purposes, the hospital employee is obliged to make the results obtained in a special control log.

For more objective indicators, the relative magnitude of the muscular power should be subtracted. After all, its growth in training is quite closely interrelated with the growth of muscle mass and the body weight of the athlete. For example, that you can independently determine the relative amount of the strength of the brushes of your own hands, are needed by the testimony that were obtained in kilograms from a manual medical dynamometer, multiply by hundred and then divided by human body weight. So, for the previously untangled men, this index will be 60-70, and for women - 45-50%.

Calculating the power of the hands of hands, you can check the results in such a basic exercise as a raznaya traction. It is in this movement that all human qualities will be visible. This is due to the fact that with such an exercise at the athlete, all major muscles of the body are involved.

less than 170% - low;
from 170% to 200% - below average;
from 200% to 230% - average;
from 230% to 250% - above average;
more 260% - high.

In the process of assessing the power of musculature for self-control, do not forget that it directly depends on such individual factors as:

Age of man.
Sexuality.
Athlete body weight.
Types of training influences.
The degree of fatigue, etc.

It should also be noted that a significant reduction in muscle strength at an athlete or ordinary person is often marked during:

general ailment;
any diseases;
violations of the day and nutrition mode;
emotional disorders or with a negative mood and so on.

Not everyone knows how and what the dynamometer measures. However, such a medical device pretty well helps those who regularly engage in sports. After all, systematic self-obstacles allow a person creatively to treat his daily training and a healthy lifestyle in general. Knowing their own muscular power, the athlete is capable of effectively and rationally use physical culture to strengthen immunity and maintain health, as well as to improve performance and even professional growth.

Dynamometry is a measurement of muscle strength. The voltage developed by a group of muscles is the functional characteristic of the motor analyzer and is considered as an indicator of general physical development. In the study of the muscular voltage strength, there are indicators of force, legs, fingers and stroke (i.e., muscle power, extending torso in hip joints), etc. In psychophysiology, the measurement of the force of the brush and the formation of force is most often used. The study of endurance with static muscular stresses is of particular interest due to what is present in any muscular activity And it takes a fairly large place in it. To estimate static muscle endurance, a special variant of the dynamometric technique is used. In the process of measuring the force of muscular voltage, the asymmetry coefficient (ka) is calculated. In general, its magnitude is determined by the following formula:

Where VN. - Indicator right hand, kg; VN. - Left hand indicator, kg.

In practice, the method of determining muscle power brushes is used as a test to establish a level of general physical human development. For this purpose, measurement of muscle strength of both hands before and after work. Comparison of the ratio of muscular power of right and left hands before and after workload indicates a change in the involvement of bilateral regulation in the human body under the influence of the load.

CHAPTER2. Methods Research Psychomoter Organizations

The average power indicators (in kilograms) of hands and stuff for the student age group are given in Table. 2.16.

Table 2.16. Mid-standard indicators of the strength of the hands and stuff for the student age group, kg

To measure the muscle strength of the hands and the stuff, a manual spring-spring knee dynamometer and a dynamometer becomes used. When measurements it is necessary to comply with a number of conditions and above all the constancy of the subject's posture. When measuring the strength of the brush, the subject sits on a chair; Hand for which measurements are made, stretched forward, bent into locks Susta; Loose hand on the knee.

Instruction. Squeeze the hand of the dynamometer as stronger as possible.

Measurements are repeated 3 times for the right and left hand, both before and after the load. After that, it is measured by becoming too much before and after the load.

Instruction. Stand up on the bottom branch of the dynamometer. With the help of the chain weld the dynamometer by itself, i.e., so that the measuring part of the device is at the level of your knee chashes. Holding both hands for the upper branches, pull them up as much as possible, blending to the body.

Then the subject performs 20 of the squats, after which the experimenter produces 3 times the measurements of the strength of each hand, the turning force measures once.

Processing results as follows:

1) calculate the mean values \u200b\u200b(m) of the strength of the right and left hands;

2) Calculate the asymmetry coefficient (ka) for the strength of the formula:

Analyzing the data obtained, compare them with the average values.

In tab. 2.17-2.19 The age standards of muscle indicators published by different authors are presented.

Table 2.17. Power of hands of adolescents 14-17 years

Methods of studying psychomotoric with a comprehensive study of man


















	38 or more	59 or more

Note. Data was obtained by N. A. Grishchenko.

Table 2.18. Dynamometry of the right hand (in kilograms), average

AST, Years

Note. Data is represented by Rudik.

Table 2.19. Age-related changes of manual power in men and women


Age, Years	amount	Power right	The power of the left	amount	Power right	The power of the left
	Tests	Arms	Arms	Tests

CHAPTER 2. Methods Research Psychomoter Organizations

Ending table. 2.19


Age, Years	amount	Power right	The power of the left	amount	Power right	The power of the left
	Tests			Tests



51 and older

Note. The data are represented by E. P. Ilyin.

- method of measuring the reduction force of various muscle groups; Allows you to determine the symmetry (or the degree of asymmetry) of the work muscular system.

Based on work dynamometer - The physical law of the throat is postulating that the deformation arising in any elastic body (for example, a spring) is directly proportional to the voltage (applied to the specified body to force).

As compensation for the deformation force, the opposing force of elasticity arises in the body, seeking to return the source and dimensions to return the body.

Dynamometer - (from Greek. Δύναμις, "power" , μετρέω - "Measure") -
It is a control and measuring device, one of the main instruments for measuring the moment of the moment of force.

Dynamometry: Development of the measurement method

The most first instrument used to measure force were scales. A few centuries ago, in the Renaissance Epoch (in the XVIII century), first began to improve dynamometers (Among the inventors-rationalizers in the lists include Rainier, Thompson and Brown). As a result, today, there are a lot of varieties of these devices for a variety of needs that differ in functional accessories, structural features of the power link, purpose. Such flexibility causes a very wide range of measurements of Effort: from several hundreds of Newtones to several tens of thousands of kilonithons.
Medical dynamometersrepresent specialized devices for determining force, endurance. Analysis of data obtained from dynamometers allows you to evaluate general condition muscles, level of performance.

IN rehabilitology Dynamometers help control restoration of the patient after operations, injury, transferred diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

As a diagnostic device, dynamometer Indision also for measurements of muscle strength training indicators professional athletes.

For these purposes in practice apply multiple types of dynamometers:

brush dynamometers — show the strength of the blow muscle fingers;
broan dynamometer - determines the "becoming force" - the strength of muscle-extensors of the body.

Dynamometry - conducting procedures

Hardware and software system Decipheres the indicators, as a result of which the rehabilitologist sees the full picture of the dynamics of treatment.