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All about horses. Full guide to proper care, feeding, content, dressage Igor Skripnik

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Title: All about horses. Full guide to proper care, feeding, content, dressage

About the book Igor Skripnik "All about horses. Full guide to proper care, feeding, content, dressage "

This book is for those who love horses and equestrian sports. You will learn about the features of the content and feeding of animals, the physiological basics of training of race horses, master the dresses of training and the highest school of equestrian ride, prepare a horse for work on the hippodrome.

For a wide range of readers.

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15.03.2014

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Attention! You will not be able to download online or read online Books about horses, but find the right book, description, author and buy a book about horses, here you can.

Books about the breed of horses. History, general information about horses

	"Connounce History" In a large exclusive publication, the works of the famous in the equestrian world Vitta and its numerous articles were included. The book will be interested in anyone who is passionate about horses.
	"Horses forever. Illustrated Encyclopedia The book contains not only descriptions of the rocks of horses, but also their history, features of the native terrain and the role in human life.
	"Horses. Big encyclopedia Book for beginner connants and just lovers of horses. It describes the nuances of the content and care of horses.
	The book allows you to trace the history of the breed, learn about the intricacies of its content and training.
	"Holstein and Hannover Horses" Book for owners and fondant breed history. Contains a lot of useful tips and interesting facts.
	The history of the most popular breed, a lot of interesting things. The book will be useful to the owners of Arab horses.
	All that you need to know about the history of breeds and their characteristics are in this book, which is designed for lovers of horses and experienced connants.
	"Horses and pony. Illustrated Encyclopedia Entertaining and light language tells about the history of breeds, training and horses. The book is equipped with wonderful illustrations.
	"All about horses. Breed and choice. Care and treatment. Equipment and ride » What attracts people in the horse for so many centuries? This and many other things are stated in this book. After reading it becomes easier to understand horses. T. K. Livanova, M. A. Livanova / 2012
	"Breeds of horses. Illustrated Encyclopedia Excellent review articles about the rocks of horses are accompanied by colorful illustrations. And professional care tips will benefit owners and coaches.
	"Horses. Horse breeds » Reprint of the book of the end of the XIX century. The book has information about the now disappeared rocks. And information about the secrets of horse breeding of that time is relevant so far.
	"Horses. Illustrated encyclopedia. Choice, Care, Appeal, Grooming » In Encyclopedia, the experience of many specialists, each council and recommendation verified by professionals. The book will give the knowledge necessary for the proper care of horses.
	The book contains information about everything that concerns horses: the history of breeds, care and content, training and gear.
	"All about Horses and Pony" The book contains not only traditional knowledge of the content of horses, but also open reasons that seemed lost. In the book, colorful illustrations and many useful information not only about the horses themselves, but also about horse riding.
	A large number of useful information was collected in the book, thanks to which to understand the horse will become easier. There are materials about breeds of ponies and horses, about the features of the content and ride. V. Kress / 2005
	The book will introduce newcomers with the rules of care and content, will help to gain knowledge about the basics of riding. Designed for lovers.
	Known in horseback circles specialist A. S., Krasnikov is divided by their knowledge. The book presents the anatomical features of horses, the rules for assessing movements and appearance. The general drawbacks of the exterior are considered. A. S. Krasnikov / 2012
	"Hippotherapy and horse breeding. Horses and Pony » The book will tell about the history of the occurrence of hippotherapy - human healing with a horse. The book also provides recommendations on the maintenance of horses and information about their breed features.
	"Horses and care for them" Beautifully decorated edition with bright illustrations. Contains information about the breeds of horses, care tips and maintenance. Judith Drepper. / 1997
	The book describes the description of famous breeds in Europe, America and Russia. The biological features of horses and the technology of their content are set forth in the simple and understandable language. V. A. Parfenov / 2000
	"Honeycomb: Directory" In the book there are practical advice that will help to teach a young horse to transport works. The elements of the discharge are described in detail, the rational use of the horse's labor is considered. A. N. Kosharov / 1992
	The publication describes the history of the breed and its distribution through the territory of Russia. It is described in detail about the fate of the breed, its changes in the XX century. G. A. Christmas / 2003
	"Sovereign and Connouncement of Russia" The book is equipped with colorful illustrations and explains the themes of development of horse breeding. It addresses all variety of rocks, ways to use them. Designed for horses lovers. B. Cambagov / 1988
	"Connection and equestrian sport" The book is a classic connotation directory. It contains information about heavy trucks and harnesses, the features of factory breeding and testing of horses are considered. Ed. Yu. N. Barmintseva / 1972

Books about care, content and disease horses

	Arthritis are many elderly horses, as well as some sports. The book is written by a veterinary doctor. It contains information about the causes and treatment of this disease.
	"Caring for your horse's teeth" Simple language describes diseases of the teeth of horses, and many illustrations makes a book more visual.
	"Care for your horse's hooves" Chromoty is the problem of many horses, and most often it is associated with hoof diseases. The book details the causes of diseases and treatment methods.
	Here, the issues of proper and safe horses cleaning are considered. Dana information about brushes, daily cleaning methods. The book contains all the information about how to keep a horse in cleanliness. Caroline Henderson / 2013
	"Tongue of horses. Lifestyle, behavior, forms of communication " The book is written on the basis of perennial observations. In the first part, you can find out how horses live on the will. The second part is devoted to the horse's tongue. This includes characteristic postures, the position of the ears, types of rye. All this will help the owner to understand the animal.
	"Horses Massage on Acupuncture Points (Penstalelay) Maintaining Forms and Health Horses" The book will help coaches and horses to cope with the problems of the horse's motor functions. It contains information about the methods of a relaxing massage on Penstyly.
	"Equipment for horses and pony. Saddle. Bridles. Surprised " The book is devoted to the peculiarities of the rider's correct equipment. It is explained by the impact of certain south of the horse, many other questions are covered. Von Borris Andrea / 2006
	The basis of this publication is the method of non-violent training. The book is compiled in the form of questions and answers. Michael Pis, Leslie Bailey / 2006
	"Navicular syndrome in horses" Practitioner by Rami D. gathered valuable information, which is based on the real experience of the treatment of horses. The advantages and disadvantages of various treatment techniques are considered here.
	Despite the fact that the laminitis is a very serious illness, there is practically no information about it or it is contradictory. The book is based on the experience of a veterinary doctor who shared his knowledge about this disease in understandable form.
	"What does my horse think? Horse behavior at first glance This question was often asked for all owners of horses. The book shows examples of the horse's behavior, the position of its body in one or another mood. The book will help you better understand your pet.
	"Horse in the country. Content. Care. Field ride This is a practical allowance that includes recommendations of experienced connants. The book is equipped with bright illustrations, stories from the life of horses and will be interesting not only to professionals. E. Rybas / 2006
	In the publication, a clear language is told about the typical horse behavior, about character features. This information will help the rider and horses to interact better.
	"How to care for a horse. In dialogues and reasoning " The book is written in the form of a story about peasants who exchange the experience of horses. From here you can learn a lot of information about the choice of horse and caring for it. The first edition is already almost a century, and the advice remains relevant. L. Steyurt / 2012
	"Sounds of hoofs and a forging of horses. Desktop book for veterinary doctors, kuznetsov-cow and owners of horses " In the book you can learn information about horses' hooves: their structure, features, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The publication will be interesting to owners of horses, veterinarians and kullam-blacksmiths.
	"Horse infectious diseases" The publication is intended for practitioners of doctors - information about causative agents of infections and methods of combating them is collected. N. N. Androsik / 2009
	"Respiratory diseases of horses" The reference book is given general information about the various diseases of the respiratory system of horses. Individual chapters are devoted to diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract and treatment methods.
	"Care for a horse. Exhaustive acquaintance with the world of horses " Edited by Ashley Wood / 2010
	"Horse life: day after day. Effective working methods with any horse " The book in mild and understandable form tells about the stages of the horse's life, about breeding and content under the conditions of the Finnish equestrian plant. The publication is interesting for both connotists and simple horses lovers. Pauli Vanhal, Blue Seppyala-Wanhal / 2005
	"Content, feeding and diseases of horses" The manual contains common classic and completely new materials regarding the content of horses. The book is designed for owners, veterinary doctors and coaches. Ed. A. A. Stekolnikova / 2007
	"Veterinary counseling for horses owners" The publication has collected information that will help the owners in time to diagnose and cure horse diseases. The book has information about the physiology of the horse. Modern methods of treating and preventing diseases are described. T. K. Livanova / 2000
	"Horses. Content, care and treatment » The focus is on the equipment stables, there is information and care for horses, about the right tracking and feeding. V. Kress / 1999
	"Full Horse Care Handbook" The richest material for the content and care of horses makes this book useful to each owner. Briefly and exccooked features of feeding, training and horse treatment. S. Khsti / 2000
	"Veterinary Helping Horses" This book is a valuable assistant in identifying diseases and the treatment of a horse. The directory contains a complete information about modern diagnostic methods, tips are given, thanks to which your horse will be healthy. K. J. Vegel / 2000
	"Feeding horses. Full guide to the correct feeding of horses " All you need to know about the preparation of rations and the needs of horses is in this book. It will help private owners - there are many practical information in it.

Books about equestrian sports and training

	"The motivation of the horse towards the achievement of high results. 8 points of the program " The book of the famous athlete, in which recommendations and practical advice are collected. They will be useful to coaches and riders. The factors affecting the mood of the horse are shown, the desire to work and win.
	"Dictionary-reference book for horse breeding and equestrian sport" All terms and concepts used in equestrian sports are revealed in the directory. Also here are all the masses of horses, common diseases, materials on physiology and reproduction. D. Ya. Gurevich / 2001
	"Sports horse dressing tutorial" The textbook is based on the Russian riding school. Here are described methods of working with a young sports horse. L. Artamonova, A. Evdokimov / 2007
	"Horse and rider. Horse riding encyclopedia The book is revealed by the methods of basic ride technology, there is information on content and care. Complete information is provided for the choice of suitable ride, protective equipment, accessories. Sarah Mue, Debbie Slay / 2002
	"Titting a young sporty horse. From raising a foal to the first competition " Theoretical and practical tips on dressage. The book is suitable for both lovers and professionals.
	"School riding for beginners"
	"Equestrian Bible. Riding school " The book saw the light of the almost 3th century ago and since then more than once reprinted. It was in it for the first time the foundations of the horse training were formulated. Much of this book is still taken into account in modern sports.
	"Riding textbook. From the first lessons to the first victories " The manual has everything you need to know novice riders. If you want to dedicate horses your free time, then this book is written for you. I. Schreiner / 2001
	P. V. Boyarsky / 1994
	"Basics of dressage and driving" The book of the famous Beretor, who heard all who were passionate about horses. It tells about the relationship "Man - Horse", given recommendations on various riding styles in understandable form. The relevance of this book does not decrease. It is useful to any novice and experienced rider. J. Phyllis / 1990

All these books about horses will help you deal with any matter. With them, you can learn what experienced connants are able, in them the whole experience of many generations of horsemen, riders and veterinarians.

p.S. Since we do not support pirate content and respect the copyright - references are given. Only on the purchase of books. If you wish, you can find these books on the Internet by name and author.

We sincerely hope that you are also, as we, prefer to read paper books and thank the authors for their work, a modest price for the book.

Read on health!

If you ask different people "Who is such a horse?", All will unconditionally say that this is a large animal in high legs with hooves. Few still add that horses run quickly, jump well, love oats and carrots. And on this, perhaps, knowledge of one of the most beautiful and graceful animals is exhausted. However, the world of horses pays a lot of fascinating and unusual facts that will be interesting and adults, and children. We suggest finding all the most interesting about horses right now.

Horses are one of the most beautiful and graceful animals, whose world is trained in itself a lot of amazing facts.

All about horses know how about a herbivorous agricultural animal, but unlike cows and goats, all physiology and body structure horses are focused on movement. Different allyurs, jumping, tricks are possible due to a very flexible skeleton, which consists of 205 bones and more than 700 muscles. It is surprising that horses do not have a clavicle, but it is at the expense of this a good front leg removal is achieved for a quick run and a high jump.

Here are still interesting facts about horses that you did not know:

• easy horses are capable of pumping up to 115,000 liters of air per day;
• horse breathing frequency in a calm state about 16 breaths per minute, while when running it increases to 114-120 breaths;
• horses can not breathe mouth, so if the nose is closed, they suffocate;
• of all the pets in the horses are the biggest heart. Its average weight is 4-4.5 kg, jumping up to 8 kg;
• none of the pets sweats so much like a horse. Thin skin covered with large sweat glands, takes up to 85% of all heat.

Mare and stallion

The size and dimensions of the body are easy to distinguish the stallion from the mare, regardless of their breed.

Sexual dimorphism of the horses is well developed, so it can be easily dealt without difficulty, where the stallion and the mare. Visually stallion from the mare, regardless of the breed, distinguish the size and dimensions of the body. The stallions are always larger and more massive, have higher growth and chest girth. Character will also be different: the stallions are bolder, stopped and quickly excited.

The most reliable and error-free method of distinguishing horses on the floor is inspection of genitals. The stallion on the back of the belly shows the prepositions (the location of the sexual organ and the urethra), the seeds are located between the rear feet, the anus under the tail. At the mare under the tail there is an abus, and the floor slot (entrance to the vagina), between the rear legs there are two mammary glands.

Durable bones and hair

For horses, constant motion is vital, so their bones are able to withstand very large loads. By strength, they can be compared with granite. However, the fracture of the bone can cost a hoping of life. Even at home and with good care, horses grow very slowly.

Horses lead and hair strength. In ancient times, the hair of the horses and tail used for the manufacture of the rigs for onions and durable ropes. Today, they serve material for rigid brushes, tassels, fishing razes and can even be used as a width for a violin.

Wide horizons

Of all mammals, horses have the most surrounding eyes, for example, 9 times more than a person. Thanks to this, they see almost 360 degrees around themselves. Nature takes care that during the pasta with the headed animals could notice the approaching predator in time. However, it is not so simple here, since there are some "blind" zones. They are located on both sides by the tail of the animal, as well as right in front of the nose. That is why experienced horseways are taught, not approaching the horses of Sadi: not seeing what is happening, the animal can be frightened and hit the possible enemy.

Thanks to its voluminous eyes, the horses see almost 360 degrees around themselves.

Horses have color eyesight, but they do not see blue and red shades.

Ear for music

Ears have horses are very mobile and able to catch the sounds from different sides for a few kilometers. In addition, the horses have a musical hearing that easily demonstrate participants in horseback show, as well as athletes in dressage. Graceful jumps for the music change allures, perform various movements, as if they dance. As studies of scientists, horses like calm and melodic music, while severe and too loud they have anxiety.

Shop shoes

The hoof is a very important part of the horse body. It takes on the entire weight of the animal and is experiencing a huge shock force while driving. Therefore, hooves require regular inspection and careful care. For greater safety and reduction of hard surface impacts in ancient times, people came up with protective "shoes". At first they were woven from the dry grass of Napti, then transformed into the appearance of modern horseshoes. They are different in size and material, but always constitute a solid lining on the lower layer of the hoof.

Smile Jackna

Many saw how horses raise her head up and down the top lip. They say that in this way, the hillock are smiling. Of course, such an unusual spectacle causes a smile with us, and in fact this phenomenon has a scientific explanation and is called a fever syndrome. It is shown not only horses, but also other pets, such as goats. Thus, animals are trying to catch the smell and better "linake" aroma.

With his "smile", called a sinny syndrome, horses are trying to catch the smell.

Praise memory and smell

Many legends and epics are talking about how horses find the way home, they are sneaking into the dark on dangerous areas, oriented on the terrain even with their eyes closed. All this is possible thanks to a very strong sense of smell and excellent memory horses. A special role in the sentence is played by hoofs and special hairs on the face - Vibribuses.

Scientists confirm that in the aggregate of all receptors and feelings, the possibilities of horses cannot be compared with any other animals. Horses perfectly remember the sounds, situations, numbers, events, can build a causal relationship between them and even count.

Horses sleep standing

In nature, horses have a lot of predator enemies, from which the rapids are saved by rapid running. Therefore, to afford to sleep, as they say, lying "without rear legs", horses can be extremely rare. Most of the days they spend on their feet and just sleep. The special structure of the limbs allows them to block the knee joints, thereby reducing the load on the legs. In such a "standing" position of the horses dorms for several hours per day.

However, this does not mean that the horses do not sleep lying. Feeling security and need for a full-fledged vacation, animals lay on the side, plunging into a strong sleep. In such a position, they even see dreams.

Professions of horses

Horses are used in many spheres of human activity. But if earlier, these animals, mostly, carried out the role of transport or forces, today a horse is a friend, a policeman, an artist, an athlete and even a doctor.

Two in one - a magnificent horse athlete in the police service.

• Horse-police. For the first time, the horseman arose in 1806 in London. The advantage of a horse as transport is that it allows you to protect the law and order in those places where the car does not pass. For example, in the park, in a residential area. On the horse can easily catch up with a person and overcome obstacles. Today, equestrian police units exist in many countries of the world. Especially famous are the "Red uniforms" of Canada, the riders of the law enforcement of Spain and the United States.
• Horse artist. Many cinema scenes cannot be imagined without the participation of horses. This uses specially trained animals that can safely perform various tricks. Even such a concept, as a circus, arose from equestrian dresses and acrobatics. The diameter of 13 meters arena is created specifically taking into account the characteristics of the horses.
• Horse-athlete. Equestrian sports is included in the list of the Olympic Games and is the most important branch of the use of horses around the world.
• Horse doctor. The world has long been known that the horse is extremely valid for a person, giving positive emotions and health. Another hippocrates in his writings recommended more time to spend in the stable. And people working with horses, diabetes and heart disease are doubled. Horse riding in many countries is a mandatory course of child therapy with cerebral palsy. In this case, the horses and children together spend up to 8 hours a week.

Output

None of the animals are perpetuated in all genres of art as a horse. Painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, theater and cinema - everywhere there are information about horses. However, this is not enough to know the whole world of an amazing animal. Other interesting facts about horses and the features of their lives, read on our website.

Horse (lat. Equus) belongs to a class of mammals, a detachment of non-parlance, a horsepie family, a horse genus. The males of horses are called stallions, horses' females are called mares. In the word, the horse is called either a stallion or a neutered stallion - Merin.

Types of horses.

The horse is conditionally divided into several subspecies, including zoologists allocate a wild horse, a home horse, a horse of Przhevalsky, Kiang, Kulana, a wild donkey, homemade donkey, a mountain zebra, a deserted zebera, Burcherlov zebera. True, there are still disputes about this classification. Surprisingly, all these varieties have the ability to cross each other, giving quite a viable and healthy offspring. The only problem is some moves in the future are not capable of childbearing and remain fruitless.

Horse - description and photos.

The horse is a slim, graceful animal, with a strongly developed muscles and strong constitution. The trunk of the rounded shape with long slender legs, on the wrists of which, on the inside there are corrosive erased bumps-thickening. On an elegant muscular neck is a large, elongated head. Despite the impressive sizes of the skull, the brain of the horse is relatively small, which is in no way reflected in the high intelligence of the animal. Head crowned pointed, moving ears. The face is a couple of large expressive eyes and quite wide large nostrils.

Horses are well developed ear, good vision and smell. The body of the horse covers the hair cover, the length and stiffness of which varies depending on the location: bangs, the mane and the tail have long and silky hair, while the torso is protected by shorter and rigid wool. The color of the cover determines the suit of the horse, with age, the intensity of the color can change.

Breed horses.

The breeds of horses are very diverse, interesting and sometimes very unusual. According to the exterior and general constitution, the horse is divided into a hardenduous, horse-out, binding, lynist and parking. Also, horses are classified on a variety of features:

• Zonal-climatic sign:
  • - Forest
  • - Gorny
  • - steppe

• Purpose:
  • verkhovye
  • horticulture
  • lightweight
  • heavy-relaxed
  • verkhovo-soldie

• Origin:
  • cultural
  • transitional
  • aboriginal (Local)

• Dilution methods:
  • factory
  • tabuna
  • cultural-Tabuny

The beauty of Paso Fino, derived by Spanish immigrants in the 16th century, became a symbol of grace and special, pronounced individuality in character.

A friendly and flexible horse of Pinto's breed, which is surprisingly valuable by the Mashy, and often possessing blue eyes.

Sophisticated, slightly squat and hiding the Horse of the Yakut breed, which led local aborigines.

Massive, mighty, but good-natured and calm Vladimir heavy truck.

Norwegian fjord horse, which is one of the oldest horse breeds and preserving all its purebred qualities.

And this is only a small part of the breeds known for today, as a result of breeding or bred coneavoda with absolute preservation of purebredness.

Where do wild horses dwell?

In the wilderness as a habitat, the horse prefers predominantly steppe zones, lives herd, most often small: usually in herd several females and a leader stallion. They rarely leave their places, as they are considered saddled animals, and go from place to place only in finding a new pasture. At this time, animals can overcome hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. All Horses herbivores are distinguished by cautious temper and high movement speed.

What do horses eat?

Wild horses Eating fresh grass, cereals and roots. In the summer, they gain weight, as the animals are constantly in a meadow, where a lot of food. In winter, the horse is thinning, as the nutrition becomes more scarce. In the natural habitat, animals have enough all the necessary vitamins and minerals.

Home horses Also be sure to remove the grass on the meadow. It contains all the necessary useful nutrients. In winter, hayes and products such as Oats, barley, bran, linen seed, beets and beets are added to the diet. If the horse's feed contains an insufficient amount of nutrients, the animal will begin to lose weight, and the appearance of the horse will deteriorate.

Reproduction of horses.

The horse becomes a hawk at the age of two years. Horses are multiplied by seeding the making eggs sperm. The period when the horse is ready for conception is called "Hunting". At this time, she let me a horse for mating. However, in farms, a horse can conceive both artificial fertilization. This method eliminates the coneavoders and owners of private farms from many difficulties associated with the transportation and selection of a suitable pair.

Pregnancy horse lasts eleven months. Basically, the horse gives birth to one foal, less often - two. The baby appears clumsy, keeps poorly on his long legs, but after three or five hours he is quite abuse and can move behind his mother, which will be milk for 5-6 months. The life expectancy of horses on average - 25-35 years, although there are among them and long-livers. The facts are known when the horses reached the age of 45 and even 60 years.

Falcon in the sky without wings is powerless, the man is dismadged on the ground without a horse.

Eastern wisdom

"Through the century with a person" there is a horse for six millennia. It is not known where we were today, do not be with us horses all this time. After all, she served as a paham, and a fighter, and a faithful friend, and the riding man overcame huge distances and mastered new lands.

Surely you did not even guess that the horse was once the size of no more dog. It turns out that a small, unpleasant animal had to overcome the path of several tens of millions of years to appear before us in the guise of the state-naked race. In the wanders, it was accompanied by numerous relatives, such as Zebra, Kulana, Kagga, Donkey, ONGR, and still a dozen of secondary brothers and sisters. You can read about it in the section "From Eohippus to Equus Cabalus". Here you will find amazing stories about horses, learn how it behaves this animal in the wild, and the legend of Mustang with a stellar will remain in your memory for a stronger.

At first glance it seems that all horses are similar to another. But it is only worth comparing the suppressed horses flying over the infinite sands of the Arabian desert, with elegant horses of low growth and with powerful heavy trucks, as it immediately becomes clear that horse breeds are a great set. With the most famous of them, you will get acquainted in the section "Manywood breeds".

Nowadays, everyone, without exception, fascinates performances with the participation of these unique animals. You will sit in the first row on the races in England, visit the "equestrian ballet", you will be fascinated by the view of the horse jumping through two-meter barriers ... You will captivate your breath when the jigit will be used in the section "Equestrian and more".

Maybe you want to try yourself as a rider yourself, find out what shaking trot, frisky gallop and sudden candles? Then open the head of the "riding basins" and, after reading it, boldly go to the nearest equestrian club.

Now let's start our journey through the beautiful, almost fabulous world of horses. We hope that, once by entering this charming world, you will return to it again and again!

If you were walking along the broadband forests of North America, 60 million years ago, they would certainly meet a small hairy animal, the outlines of the body and the size of a resembling young Vepry. Only he did not have fangs, and the teeth were small with low crowns adapted for eating juicy vegetation. In the front legs, this strange creature was four fingers, and on the rear three; The structure of the lapse resembled a dog. Black stripes or stains on red wool helped him disguise in the shade of trees to avoid a deadly meeting with predators. And it is hardly anyone who would believe that this unbelieving forest animal will become the forefather of the slender English champs, elegant Arabs and Mighty Persheronov!

True, the creature from which the home horse occurred Equus Cabalus) there was little in common with his current descendants.

The remains of the Eohyppus (Eohippus), From which the evolutionary series of horses begins, was first found in the United States in 1867. It is believed that in the forests of Europe, at the same time, his closest relative - Giracoterium lived.

Looking ahead, it is worth saying that during the glacial period, when the Auogipus and its descendants, going along the cage, which was on the place of Bering Strait and joined the most generals, settled in Eurasia, two lines were connected. Moreover, the horses remaining in America, for unknown reasons died out about 10 thousand years ago. Again the horses fell there only in the XVI century together with the Spanish conquerors.

But back to the small Agipus. As already mentioned, the front feet of this "horse" were fourpalls, and the rear - threepalls. Next ancestor of horses, mesogippus , was completely threepall and a little larger. Three-legged limbs were perfect for the swampy terrain, they helped the animal not to get bogged down in a bog, but limited his speed opportunities. However, the speed was not very important for survival in the deaf forests, which 20 million years ago were dominated by Earth.

Due to climate change, thick forest vegetation gradually changed by the steppes and savannahs. The only salvation of the "ancient horse" was the rapid escape, which developed long legs and middle fingers. Together with the habitat, the chewing machine was changing: now the animal was supposed to eat coarse food.

It is at this stage that numerous lateral deadlord branches appear in the horsepower family, which are somewhat confused its history. Some of them existed for quite a long time. For example, threepal hypharonds extinct only 15 thousand years ago. Alas, but they could not compete with Plihiipus - the first one-sided descendant of the Ahogipus. He has the side fingers completely atrophy, and the average, having increased in size, buried and gradually turned into hooves; Support on your fingers, and not on the foot made it possible to move quickly; The proportions of the body have already resembled modern hopping. Evkus - The founder of the entire subsequent horsepower - finally changed the plugipus of 1.5 million years ago.

Evolutionary row of horses

It is at this time that the immediate ancestors of Przhevalsky and Tarpan's horse are separated. Already closer to the beginning of the horse domestication, approximately 6 thousand years ago, there were four main horsepower types: two - pony and two - horses. Any modern horse and pony in all signs lead their own genus from one of these types that occurred from the opening under the influence of various climatic conditions. (Immediately, we note that these four types are not those that will be told in the section "Diversity of Horses".)

The first type of pony dodged in the north-west of Europe and reminded the modern Exmur Pony. This type gave the beginning of the Northern Pony rocks. The second type, with a more powerful body and a strong head, looked like an externally on the horse of Przhevalsky and lived in the north of Eurasia. According to some scientists, heavyly surroundings occurred.

Akhaltechi is the most likely descendants of the first-type horses. These hopes had subtle bones and were adapted to life in a hot climate. The second horsepower type found in West Asia is the smallest, but most elegant. Most likely, the most popular breed in the world has occurred from it - Arabic.

The last type was the predecessor caspian Pony . For a long time, it was believed that these pony disappeared for 3 thousand years ago. But in 1965, a unique discovery was made next to the Caspian Sea in Northern Iran: several geologists stumbled upon a small herd of miniature horses. The scrupulous study of these animals gave incredible results - it turned out that this Caspian pony, which due to cutness from the rest of the world changed little for such a long term. Until now, the mystery remains, as this breed was able to survive and remain unnoticed by a person over so many years. Now a whole program has been developed for increasing the number of this most ancient after the horse of Przhevalsky.