All disciplines of parachute sports are associated either with work in a free fall, or with work under the dome of the parachute.
The body speed in the free fall on average is 50-60 + meters per second or 180-200 + kilometers per hour. When jumping from 4000 meters in a free fall, a parachutist is only 60 seconds.
Classic parachutism - Individual Two: The accuracy of landing under the dome into the target of the size of 2 centimeters and the individual complex of figures in the free fall. Parachutists compete in the time and accuracy of the completion of the complex. Classic is a conservative sport. Do not undergo serious changes for many years. Requires the cheating of skill and constancy of the results. This sport is most developed in the countries included in the USSR and the former Socialist Camp.
Group acrobatics (ha) - the most massive view of parachutism. Group acrobatics is one of the most exciting and emotional disciplines. It requires limit concentration and coordinated actions from each team member. The athletes compete in the number of "constructed" figures in the horizontal plane for a certain time in teams from 2, 4, 6-, and 8, and 10 athletes. In addition, the parachutist groups are built in the air shapes - "large formations". The world record is currently the formation collected from 400 people collected in 2006 in Thailand, Russia's record is a formation of 2014, collected in 2011 in Kolomna (Moscow region).
Dome acrobatics - Parachutists compete in building and rebuilding figures from domes. Competitions occur in teams from 2, 4 and 8th athletes. Also, as in hectares, record formations are built in the dome acrobatics. Very dangerous, but at the same time one of the most spectacular disciplines in parachute.
FRIFLAY, Freestyle- Young view of parachutism. Athletes compete in performing various figures in a free fall in all planes. Here is the beauty, complexity of elements, the skill of the air operator. Each movement is performed in a free fall with a support only about air, which gives literally limitless features. During the fall, the athlete performs complex coordinated movements, rotation in arbitrary planes and axes, in a wide variety of poses.
Skycerfing - The athlete jumps with a monoline, performing a complex of rotations. After all, the air flow is similar to the flow of water, so why not take advantage of something similar to the cutting board? This type of parachute requires very accurate coordination of movements and a well-trained vestibular apparatus.
ICU- piloting of high-speed domes in exercises: speed, accuracy and range. This is the youngest, spectacular and, probably, the most extreme of all parachute disciplines, not forgiving errors. Pilot Parachute works at the Earth itself. The CPU can be compared with the performance of the highest piloting figures at low height and very high speed. Parachutic speed when approaching land often exceeds 100 km / h.
Video shooting - Each team has an absolutely indispensable participant, without which the speeches would be impossible. This is an air operator. He is responsible for the result of the team, as the judges will see only what came the camera. The videographer should be able to accurately move in a free drop, have the presence of art taste and know the equipment with which it works.
The main goal of the initial preparation of parachutists is tolerance to independent jumps. For this, the parachutist should be able to disclose the parachute at the desired height in proper position Body, control parachute and landing in the right place. This goal is achieved through the receipt of special knowledge (theoretical preparation) and the development of special skills (practical training).
A peculiarity of the progressive program is the individual work of an instructor with each novice parachute. All jumps are performed from a height of 4000 meters, free fall time - 50-55 seconds. The presence of an instructor allows you to promptly adjust the actions of a novice parachute at all stages of the jump - when preparing on Earth, in the air, when landing and significantly reduce the psychological load.
The program is divided into two parts - "Basic course" and "Improving the skills gained".
The basic course consists of 7 "levels" - Stops in the development of skills and exercises and is divided into two stages: "Basic skills" and "maneuvering". The criterion for the transition to the next level is to perform the level tasks (see the section "Content and Procedure for Jumping"). The number of hoppers performed does not affect the admission to the next level jump, only the task is to move the transition to the next level.
Stage "Basic skills»Includes zero (tandem) 1, 2, 3 levels. In a tandem-jumping of the zero-level, the parachutist performs a task in a free fall and gets acquainted with the azami control of the parachute of the wing type. Jumping 1, 2, 3 levels are performed with two instructors and the student masters the controlled separation, stable free drop, height control and body position, parachute disclosure, controlled landing.
Stage "Maneuvering" It consists of four levels (4, 5, 6, 7th), which are designed to master the student of maneuvering skills in free fall and the ability to recover from messy fall and an unstable position. When passing each of these levels, the student performs controlled reversals in the air, front and rear SaltoDemonstrates the skill to move in a free fall in the right direction and perform "dispersion" (forward). The control of the parachute and the ability to land in the specified area are improved.
Before each leap of any level, the student repeats and manages the actions of the parachuticist in emergency situations, studies safety measures, the ability to navigate in the air when jumping with other parachutists, is a plan to work under the dome (to specific weather conditions).
After the end of the basic course of the AFF program, the student must:
Be able to fully prepare equipment to jump;
Know and observe security measures when performing jumps;
Have stable free fall skills;
Be able to draw up a plan of work under the dome and land in a given area.
Improving the surveyed skills. Education laying the main parachute. Licensing. After the end of the seven levels of the base course, a beginner parachutist performs jumps on the section of improving personal skills - four independent jumps, four jumps with an instructor. (AFF 8-1 / AFF 8-2)
At this stage, the parachutist fixes the main maneuvering skills, making jumps alone and with an instructor, meets elements of group acrobatics, improves the skills of control of the dome and landing.
The parachutist passes the basic training of the main parachute.
Upon completion of this part of training, the parachutist receives its first license of the category "A" and can jump further by improving selected discipline parachute sports.
Landing accuracy jumps (Accuracy Landing) - Parachute jumping, where the athlete when landing should show the minimum deviation from the zero mark with a diameter of 2 cm in a series of jumps.
This is the oldest view of parachute sports. Lighting accuracy jumps appeared in the 60s when the first managed round parachutes appeared. Then the task was landing in a 100-meter circle. The deviation of 80 meters was considered a good result. Today, the allowable deviation is 0 centimeters. Accuracy jumps are performed on special parachute systems such as "wing" having a high degree of stability and controllability in various modes of decline, single and groups - as a rule, from heights from 900 to 1200 m.
Individual acrobatics (Style) - Performing a complex of 6 figures (four spirals and two flips) in the air in a free fall.
As a variety of parachute sports, individual acrobatics appeared, almost, simultaneously with jumps to the accuracy of landing.
If the target accuracy is the ability to control the dome, then acrobatics - the ability to control your body on the stream. For more than 20 years of exercise for the ability to control their body (in the horizontal plane - the execution of spirals, in the vertical plane - rotation, the execution of the flip) was the basis of international and national competitions.
Subsequently, the exercise on the accuracy of landing and individual acrobatics was combined in a two-chair and got a name "Classic parachutism".
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Group acrobatics (Relative.work) - Building the maximum number of shapes in the air from several parachutes in the position lying on the stomach.
This is one of the most available species Sports for advanced athletes. The first version of the group acrobatics "Classic", - when the number of parachutists in the team - 2, 4 or 8. Accordingly, the teams are called "twos", "four" and "eights". The main figures for rebuilding are usually known and declared before the competition. The operator must cover the entire complex of figures and provide video to the judges. The second version of the group acrobatics is the construction of formations from a record large number of parachutists.
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Vertical group acrobatics (Vertical.relative.work /Vertical.formationskydiving) - Building the maximum number of shapes in the air in the down position, sitting and standing. The team consists of four + operator, which must remove the complex of figures and provide video to the judges on Earth.
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Dome acrobatics (Canopy.formation /canopy.relative.work) - Building formations with parachutists under the dome.
Competitions are held in teams from 2, 4-EX and 8 athletes. The athletes converge and build the shelves from the domes, forming the shapes, making rebuilding for a while. Quite dangerous viewBut at the same time spectacular.
Para-ski (para-ski) - Two, consisting of leaps to the accuracy of landing and high-speed skiing.
The athletes first jump with a parachute to the accuracy of the landing, and then make a high-speed skiing. Competitions According to this type of parachute sports appeared simultaneously with competitions on the accuracy of landing.
Freestyle (Freestyle) - Performing in the air in the free fall of the set of different figures of a parachutist.
The freestyle command consists of a performed and operator. Performed free fall performs various elements resembling acrobatics and gymnastics. The operator must cover the entire player program and provide a record of the jump to the judges immediately after landing. For freteril training, flights are most often used in aerodynamic pipes, as in the free fall there is not enough time to work out the complex elements of this discipline.
FRONFLY (Freefly) - executing a team in the air in the free fall of various shapes in the position of the head, sitting or standing.
Comparatively young and, perhaps, the most spectacular artistic discipline of parachute sports. Appearing in the early 90s, Flight became the result of long searches and attempts by parachutists to break out of rigid and conservative sports.
FRFLAY - team sport. The team consists of two athletes (perfumbomers) performing various shapes during the free drop, and relieving their video operator. This sport is an interactive discipline that implies the interaction of the operator and the team.
The speech of the team begins with the moment of leaving the aircraft and lasts 45 seconds. Unlike traditional parachute sports, where the vertical speed of the fall is 180-200 km / h, in Flight the speed of the team's participants can reach 250-300 km / h due to vertical falls (down head, standing, etc.) The skill of team members is characterized not only by the dexterity of possession of their body, but also the ability to feel the air flow and move in it. Aerodynamic tube is also often used for training.
Dome piloting or transmission (Canopy.poiloting / Swoop) - Parachute jumping with a long and very fast span over the ground when landing.
With the advent of high-speed elliptic domes, the possibility of building high-speed sites for landing and spans over the ground appeared. For this discipline, some manufacturers even produce special dome. This is a highly neural dome acceleration before the ground. Swoop, as well as dome acrobatics, is one of the dangerous, but at the same time spectacular discipline in parachute sports. Since 1999, the speed competition has been carried out and the length of the span, and when conducting competitions on water - and in accuracy.
Base (B.A.S.E.) - Parachute jumping from static objects. B.A.S.E. - Translated into Russian shortening words: "High houses and skyscrapers", "Antennas and Towers", "High Bridges", "Rocks". This sport is more psychological than just parachute. Moreover, more than half of the jumps are performed unofficially and illegally.
Vingusa (Wingsuit)- Jumping are carried out using a special suit in which you can develop a horizontal velocity in a free drop to 250 km / h, while the vertical speed is relatively small - 80-100 km / h.
Many baseers actively use Wingsuet to make their jumps from small heights to increase the time of free fall and more secure removal from obstacles before opening the parachute.
Speedflaing (Speed.skydiving)- Free drop, during which you need to develop the maximum vertical speed. It is defined as the average value on the segment 1 kilometer - between the marks is 2700 and 1,100 meters. Currently, the world record in this discipline is 511 km / h. It is almost three times more than in the usual drop on the stomach.
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All species of parachute are associated with a free fall and planning (reduction and landing) on \u200b\u200ba parachute. The rate of fall reaches 50-60 + meters per second or 180-200 + kilometers per hour. Thanks to this speed, the parachutist can move freely in the air, while using his body (hands, legs, etc.) as the steered. In a free fall, a parachutist is quite little time. When jumping from 4000 thousand meters is only 60 seconds. To safely land the parachutist, you need a parachute, which will slow down this speed and deliver a parachutist to the ground, in the place you need.
It is in the mastery of possession of the body in a free fall of parachutists (excluding some species, like classical parachutism - one of the disciplines, which is the accuracy of landing under the dome in a given target of 3-5 centimeters in size. And dome acrobatics - building in the air of domes) .
Varieties of parachutism
Classic parachutism -two feet. First exercise: accuracy of landing under the dome in a given target size of 3-5 centimeters. The second exercise is a complex of figures in a free fall. Competed in the time of execution of this complex. A fairly conservative sport. Not undergoing changes for many years. Requires the cheating of skill and constancy of the results. This sport is very developed in former countries USSR and Socialist Camp.Group acrobatics -unconditional Queen of Sports. Competed in the number of "built" figures for a certain time in teams from 4, 8 and 16 athletes. it official Competition. And in general, you can simply jump into the group with friends, build a beautiful (or not very) figure in the air (parachutists are called "formation" - or participate in record jumps (the Guinea Record is currently the formation collected from 296 people [Russia , Anapa, 1996]). This is also a group acrobatics. Ha - the most massive view of parachutism.
Dome acrobaticsit is to build formations from domes. Competitions in teams from 4th and 8th athletes. Just like in ha you can just jump with friends or participate in record formations. Very dangerous look. But at the same time spectacular.
Freestyle - A relatively young view of parachutism. It is to show athlete of various shapes in a free drop. Here the beauty, complexity of the elements, the skill of the air operator, which produces shooting in the air is evaluated.
Skycerfing - Competed in the same thing as freestylers, but the athlete jumps with skiing. The most commercial sport in parachutism.
FRILY - Command view (two athletes + operator) The main elements are made down your head or sitting.
History
Many people of the world have legends associated with parachute. In China and Russia, these legends are about a thousand years. Magellan describes black jumps with palm leaves umbrellas. Jumping with towers, trees, mountains on various adaptations mentioned from different nations. The legends are combined with one thing: a person can fly relying about the air.It is known that the principle of parachute was first formulated by the famous Humanist of the 13th century Roger Bacon. In his composition "On the secret works of art and nature", Bacon recognized the possibility of building aircraft and indicated that it was possible to rely on the air with a concave surface. Great Leonardo da Vinci developed this idea. In one of his manuscripts there is a pattern of a parachute of a pyramidal form with a signature under it: "If a person has a starch tent, each side of which has twelve elbows in the width and as much height, it can rush from any height, without exposing itself at This is no danger. " The surface of such a device is approximately 60 sq.m. Middle Square - 30 sq.m. This data is close to modern round parachute. At the beginning of the 17th century, the idea and design of the parachute are set out in the book of the scientist - Faust Veranchio. In 1617, he made the first parachute jump, which built himself, descending from a small tower.
The next person, about which it is known that he made a descent on the parachute, was a native of the city of Savoy, Frenchman Laven. In the 20s of the 17th century, Laven for some kind of crime was enclosed in the fortress of Moliance. Deciding to escape, he secretly made himself a parachute from stitched together with a sheet with a whale attached to them, who did not give the dome to curl. At night, Laven rose to a high fortress wall and jumped from her in the waters of the river Izser. The descent was completely calm, but the Guardian noticed the fugitive and detained him. In 1777, an extraordinary announcement was announced through the streets of Paris. It reads: "Professor De Fontan invented a flying cloak. With this cloak convicted to the death penalty for the murder, Jean Dumier bursts from the tower. If the experience succeeds, the suicide one will be pardoned. Everything, from Mala to Velik, come to the square to watch unprecedented spectacle. Here's how the newspapers of that time describe Jean Dumier: "Dumier went, accompanied by police officers to the Paris weapon warehouse, where he was expected by Professor de Fontand. To observe the experience, many curious gathered. Dumier got to the roof of a weapon warehouse. Professor put on him a raincoat From countless small tires. - "Keep your hands horizontally and try to soar like a bird. Nothing else from you is required, "said Professor de Fantan Jana Dumier. Dumier jumped. The wind took him a little to the side. The public was surprised to watched in the air of a person in the air. Suddenly, Dumier rapidly flew down. Everyone screamed. However, almost reaching the earth , Dumier a little delayed and restored the lost balance. He fell to the ground completely unscathed. A satisfied inventor handed the dumer of a wallet with gold coins. "
Further development of parachutism is associated with the development of aeronautics. June 5, 1783 a significant date in the history of all mankind. For the first time, the balloon of the Mongolfier brothers filled with hot air took off. Such balls were called "Mongolfier". Soon the scientist Charles replaced the hot air with hydrogen. These balls were called "Charles". Flights on balloons were dangerous. Creating a parachute to save people has become a conscious goal. In the same year, French physicist Sebastian Lenorman made and personally experienced a parachute, jumping from the observatory. Lenorman called his invention - "parachute". It is produced from two words: Greek "Para" and French "Chute", which means "against fall". In 1785, Frenchman. The inventor of Blanshire was the first to escape on the parachute after the Aerostat accident. In 1797, the Frenchman Garnerin first made a jump from a height of about 700 meters from balloon On the softly binding parachute of its own design. Its parachute is very close to the modern round parachute. Round, soft, without frame, with a pole hole.
The first female parachute was the niece of Garneros - Elizabeth. She made about 60 jumps. For the 19th century, jumping with a parachute from large heights, complicated by various tricks, were one of the most fashionable spectacles of folk holidays and festivities in different countriesoh, including in Russia.
The new round in the development of parachutism began with the development of aviation. The first jump from the aircraft was performed in 1912 in America in the city of San Louis Captain Berry. The adaptation of the parachute to the aircraft in rescue purposes led to the creation of a rapid parachute. Russian actor Kotelnikov witnessed the death of the Maceiyevich pilot. It shocked him. In 1911, Kotelnikov patented the first Ranger parachute, which was autonomously attached at the pilot. His idea began to be widely used when designing parachutes in different countries. In the US, the parachutes of the design of Irvine were used. On October 22, 1922, in the United States, the pilot Lieutenant Harris became the first person in the world who escaped after the First World War with a parachute, jumping out of an airplane, collapsed during testing. Harris's salvation played a big role in the further development of parachutism in the United States. Pilots otherwise began to refer to parachutes and since 1924, the parachute became the mandatory belonging to the US military pilots. Design thought is rich in fiction. So in the USA a famous automatic parachute for passenger aircraft, wearing the expressive name "Go down" was designed. This parachute was arranged in such a way that if the pilot was needed with one press of the lever, the hatch operates under the passenger seat. The chair is increasing, the passenger falls out of the cabin into the hole, which opened on the legs and the parachute is automatically revealed. In the same years, a special club was organized in the United States, members of which could only be faces who committed a vouch with a parachute to save their lives. By the name of a silk worm, which is hiding a strong silk thread, which walked to the manufacture of parachute fabrics, the club is called "Caterpileler" - caterpillar. Among the club members were pilots having up to a dozen of forced jumps.
The first parachute jump in the USSR was performed from the balloon, on the day of the anniversary of the Red Army on February 23, 1919, the pilot A.V.EDelstein, in the town of Akhtuba, the former Astrakhan province. In the twenties, the Soviet industry establishes the production of domestic parachutes. In June 1927, the first of the Soviet pilots used a rescue parachute during an unsuccessful test flight of the test pilot M.M.Gromov. His aircraft did not leave the corkscrew. This event, as well as in the United States, changed the relationship of Soviet pilots to parachute.
Parachutism pioneer in the USSR is the pilot Leonid Grigorievich Misov, who performed his first parachute jump in 1929 in the United States, and then together with Ya. Moshkovsky organized the preparation of the instructors and athletes in the country. It is believed that the date of the birth of parachutism in the USSR is June 26, 1930, when the first in the USSR began jumping military pilots under the leadership of L.G.Minov.
In the thirties there is a rapid development of parachutism in the leading aviation countries of the world. Perfected rescue parachutes for pilots, parachutes for landing and freight cargo in all conditions. Methods for calculating the jump for compensation and landing of people and cargo in a strictly specified area are being developed and improved. Created a management technique various types parachutes to evade obstacles and landing in the planned place. Very fast man is mastering more and more long delays In the disclosure of parachute and high-altitude jumps with immediate disclosure of parachute. For a decade, from the 30th to the 40th year, heights from 80 to 12,000 meters were mastered in parachute jumps. World record holders fell in a free fall of more than 10 kilometers. Records changed with kaleidoscopic speed. Jumps were mastered in winter and summer, day and night, on the forest, on limited areas, water, protracted and high, with oxygen equipment, with weapons, single and mass landings in several thousand people. Parachutes were used to freeze doctors, firefighters, rescuers, demolitions. For cargo delivery. Products, medicines, fuel, etc. In 1939, the first in the history of the jump on the North Pole was performed. Recordsmen who jumped from large heights showed real courage. At that time, people were not able to control the movement in a free fall. Therefore, fell randomly or fought with a corkscrew - an energetic progressive rotation in different planes. This led to large, dangerous overloads and made it difficult to control height and time. World War II All peaceful knowledge in Parashytism Pere aims to solve military tasks.
In the post-war period, the main directions of the development of parachutism were determined in the leading aviation countries of the world. There is an active improvement in the designs of all types of parachutes, methods of their use and methods of teaching people, the search for new applications of parachutes. Parachutists learned to control the opened parachute in all weather conditions, individually and in the group and control the movement in a free fall, also individually and in the group. To assess the skill of parachutists formed sport exercises - the accuracy of landing and delay in the disclosure of the parachute with the execution of elements in the free drop - rotations in the horizontal plane (spirals) and rotations in the vertical plane (flip). For more than 20 years, these exercises were the basis of international and national competitions. Subsequently, this combination was called "classic parachutism". This is the only type of parachute, where the highest personal is assigned. sports rank "Absolute champion The world in parachute sports, "because athletes demonstrate the finest skill to control the opened parachute, falling 10 times in a row in any weather conditions in the electronic target with a diameter of three centimeters in a very tense psychological struggle and the skill very quickly and accurately perform the same for all complex figures. - Sprint in a free fall. World champions relying on air performing six revolutions in different directions in different directions in less than 5 seconds.
The most outstanding athletes in classic parachutism - Nikolai Ushmaev - USSR, Cheryl Sterz - USA and Izief Pavolata - Czech Republic, who twice won the title of absolute world champion. As parachutists, they are universal.
Parachute jumps are educational, sports, testing, experimental and forced.
Training jumps with parachute are performed according to training programs in order to master various types of jumps and the acquisition of the necessary experience.
Tutorials with parachute include jumping:
Introduction - Parachute jumps performed for the first time;
Target - performed with the aim of determining the parachutist of the wind and selecting the point of separation from the aircraft;
Indicative - those who are aimed at showing a learned species or element of the jump;
Control - performed in order to determine the level of parachutic preparedness to perform the next exercise;
Training - performed to improve skills in the skills of jumping.
Sports jumps with parachute are performed on training sports gatherings, at the competitions on parachute sports, when establishing parachute records, at aviation and sports holidays.
Parachute test jumps are performed in order to check the parachutes in the air.
Experimental include the first few jumps with a parachute of a new design, as well as jumping from aircraft or positions of the aircraft, of which the jumps were not previously performed.
Forced parachute jumps are performed by the crew in order to preserve life in the event of an aircraft accident in the air. All parachute jumps are also divided into:
Simple and complex;
Day and night;
On land or water;
Single and group;
With immediate disclosure or with a delay in the disclosure of the parachute;
In a free fall or with stabilization of fall;
With a forced, automatic or manual disclosure method;
With small, medium or from large heights, as well as from the stratosphere;
On small, medium or large speeds flight.
Daytime jumps with parachute are performed during the time between the sunrise and the sunset, the night - between the sunrise and the sunrise, including twilight.
Sushi jumps are performed with landing on land, jumping on the water - with a leading to the water area of \u200b\u200blakes, rivers, seas or oceans.
Single called one parachute jump at one aircraft entering.
Group names are called parachute performed by two and more parachutes at one aircraft entering.
Jumps with immediate disclosure include jumps performed with a parachute of any type, the introduction of which is carried out in a time not exceeding 5 seconds after separation from the aircraft.
Jumps with a delay in disclosure include parachute jumps, the introduction of which is carried out in 5 seconds and more after separation from the aircraft.
Drop stabilization jumps are a parachute jumping that has a stabilizing device, a slowing down drop and stabilizes a parachute body in the optimal position at the stabilization stage, and when the main dome of the parachute system is introduced, which is used in the delay in the disclosure of the main domes of the system from 3- X and more seconds after separation from the aircraft.
Jumping with forced disclosure includes jumps, when performing a parachute is entered into operation forcibly.
Jumping with a forced opening of a parachute is divided into jumping with a parachute wreck and tightening the cover from the dome of an exhaust rope and on jumping with a decay of the wreck with an exhaust rope and tightening the cover with the dome of exhaust parachutes.
When performing jumps with automatic disclosure, the parachute is introduced into operation of the automatic disclosure device without the participation of the parachute.
Jumping with manual opening is when the parachute enters a parachute by pulling the exhaust ring.
Jumping with small heights - jumping with parachute, performed from heights up to 400 m above the terrain.
Jumping from medium heights - jumping with a parachute performed from a height from 400 to 4,000 m above the terrain.
Jumping from large heights - jumping with parachute, performed from heights from 4,000 to 12,000 m above the terrain.
The stratospheric jumps include parachute jumps performed from the heights of over 12,000 m above the terrain.
Jumping at low flight speeds are performed at flight speed up to 200 km / h.
Jumping at the average flight speeds are made at a flight speed from 200 to 500 km / h.
Large flight speeds include parachute jumps that are performed at a flight speed of over 500 km / h. Such jumps are committed, as a rule, the method of catapults in the event of emergency leaving the flyer of the aircraft.
Simple parachute jumps are performed by a single or group, during the permissible weather conditions, with a delay in the disclosure of the parachute or with the stabilization of the fall up to 20 s, from medium heights and at the low flight speed.
Sophisticated jumps are parachute jumps that are performed at night or day with wind more than 8 m / s, with a delay in parachute disclosure or stabilization of the fall of over 20 s, from heights less than 400 or more than 4,000 m, on the water, on the forest, on Limited sites, in settlements, with the performance of shapes in a free drop or with disclosed domes, in the clouds and clouds, a catapulting method.
There are several types of parachute jumps: free-flies, freestyle, jumping for landing accuracy and some others. Jump style depends only from professional training And the personal preferences of the parachutist.
The oldest view of parachute - landing accuracy jumps. They use special parachutes that allow you to control the dome. Parachutist should land exactly in the middle of the circle marked on the ground with a diameter of 100 m.
Individual acrobatics, or classic parachutism, and freestyle - This is a kind of jumping when an athlete during a free fall performs acrobatic tricks, various figures. Often the jump removes parallel to flying operator.
Group acrobatics - Multiple parachuts in the air in the air in the horizontal position of a large number of figures. Usually the team consists of four-eight people, but this is not the limit.
Most spectacular view parachute sports - free Fly. The team performs most exercises in vertical position At high speed of free fall - 250-300 km / h, the performance lasts approximately 45 s.
Skycerfing - Jumping with skiing, on which athletes in a free fall are performed by beautiful figures.
Gain popularity iCU - Descent on the elliptical dome with a long span over the ground (the undone is very dangerous and spectacular).
Para-ski - This includes individual disciplines: athletes first compete on ski highwayAnd then jump with a parachute to the accuracy of landing.
Blade-Ranning - Jumping with a small height with a long span over the ground.
IN parabaluning The pilot first resets the marker (160-meter tape with weight), trying to get into the ground target, and then a parachutist, which must also land at the desired point.
Parachute records
One of the most extreme species sport - bayedzham-Ping., or parachute jumps from high-rise buildings, antennas, bridges, in the mountains. Only a few thousand people are fascinated by this dangerous business worldwide. Chance to die - 5 out of 95%, it is at least 2-3 people annually.
Even more extremal Ban-Zai Parachutism - Jumping from an airplane without a parachute. First, parachute is thrown out of the plane, and the person jumps next. His task is to catch up with parachute, wear and open the dome to a critical height, and it will break. For the first time they made the Japanese in 2007., I really wanted to get to the Guinness Book of Records.
IT IS INTERESTING
Former US President George Bush Sr. For the first time jumped with a parachute during World War II, and the last jumps did on the 80th anniversary and at the age of 83 during the opening after the reconstruction of the Presidential Museum in Texas.
Jumping group acrobatov also require tremendous skill. IN 2011 In the sky over Kolomna, eight aircraft raised 186 skaydaiver to height over 6000 m, where russian athletes In the free flight for a few seconds held the figure in the form of a huge flower.
Another world record was installed in Thailand: 357 athletes from different countries, jumping from a height of 11 km, held in a free fall of the figure within 6 p. Actually, 450 parachutists were jumping, but the part of them was shoved by the wind.
The most massive protracted jump took place in 2000 In Brazil, when 588 parachutists rose on the seven aircraft to the height of 3657.4 m. A B. 2006 Already 960 acrobat parsheys from 30 countries made a massive jump in a free drop.
There are among parachutes and lone record holders. So, the largest number of jumps from the American Don Celner: in 2000 He made his 20 thousandth paratrooper.
Among women record belongs Cheryl Styrns. - On her account 13.5 thousand jumps.
A B. 1999 Some Jay Stokes. I managed to jump with a parachute 476 times. It is almost unrealistic to beat such a record. Although if you try ...