IN Ancient Greece Boxing is called Pigmakhia (688 BC. - 394 AD). The winners recognized the strongest boxers Olympic Games
1. Teamandros from Naxos (4x multiple, 16 years old)
2. Democrates (3x multiple, 12 years old)
3. Zufimimate (3x multiple, 12 years old)
4. Filon (2x, 8 years)
5. Satyros (2x, 8)
6. Marcus Tullius (2x, 8)
7. Pythagoras from Samos (42 Olympic Games, 588 G.D. N.E., 1 time, 4 years)
II. English Professional Boxing (1719 - 1885)
1. James Fig (1719 - 1734, 15 years). Opened in 1719 by the Boxing Academy in London. (School of Arms) . In this educational institution, using unusual popularity in young people, besides a fist combat, they taught fencing on the swords and the art of fighting the doubles. It is necessary necessary to pay tribute to James Fauck: he is not a miring in the administrative activities of his university, but was a living example for his students. Foke took the challenge to any fight on the swords, batons or fists and invariably went out the winner. Even on the background of colorful London of that time, the completely uncommon person of the figure was distinguished brightly. Thanks to one of his best friends - the famous English artist William Hogarth, there were a lot of portraits of James Figga. In addition, Hogarth drew various posters and ads for the Academy of Tags, which are now appreciated at least "serious" works of this artist.
2. Jones Bruton (1740 - 1750, 10 years old)
III. Champions of the Olympic Games (1904 -)
1. Teofilo Stevenson (1972 - 1980, 12 years old)
Teofilo Stevenson invincible Cuban boxer Three-time Olympic champion
IV. Belt world champions belts
1920 - 1963, belt WBA.
1963 - 1983, WBA belt, WBC.
1983 - 2007, WBA, WBC belt, IBF.
2007 -, WBA, WBC, IBF and WBO.
V. Absolute boxing world champions
0. John Sullivan (1885 - 1892, 7 years old)
Boxing History - John Sullivan - John L. Sullivan (Boxer)
1. Corbett James (1892 - 1897, 5)
2. Bob Fitzsemons (1897 - 1899, 2)
3. James Jeffris (1899 - 1904, 5)
4. Marvin Hart (1905 - 1906, 1)
5. Tommy Barnes (1906 - 1908, 2)
6. Jack Johnson (1908 - 1915, 7)
7. Jess Willard (1915 - 1919, 4)
8. Jack Dumpsi (1919 - 1926, 7) WBA
9. Gino Tanny (1926 - 1928, 2) WBA
Gino Tanne VS James Corbett (1925)
10. Max Schmeling (1930 - 1932, 2) WBA
11. Jake Sharki (1932 - 1933, 1) WBA
12. Prima Carnel (1933 - 1934, 1) WBA
13. Max Baer (1934 - 1935, 1) WBA
14. James Braddock (1935 - 1937, 2) WBA
15. Joe Louis (1937 - 1949, 12) WBA
Joe Louis VS Max Schmeling (1936)
Joe Louis - Max Schmeling, 2 Boy (1938)
Vladimir Gendlin about Joe Louis
16. Charles Ezzard (1949 - 1951, 2) WBA
17. Joe Jersey Valkott (1951 - 1952, 1) WBA
18. Rocky Marchiano (1952 - 1955, 3) WBA
Rocky Marchiano VS Archie Moore (1955)
19. Floyd Patterson (1956 - 1959, 1960 - 1962, 5)
20. Imemar Johansson (1959 - 1960, 1) WBA
21. Sonny Liston (1962 - 1964, 2) WBA
22. Ali Mohammed (1964 - 1967, 1974 - 1978, 7) WBA, WBC
Ali vs Fraser. 1st battle in New York (1971)
Ali vs Fraser. 2nd fight (1974)
Ali vs Fraser. 3th battle (1975)
23. Joe Fraser (1968 - 1973, 5) WBA, WBC
24. Joe Foreman (1973 - 1974, 1) WBA, WBC
25. Leon Spinks (1978, 1) WBA, WBC
26. Ken Norton "Paper Champion" (1978, 1) WBA, WBC
27. Larry Holmes (1978 - 1985, 7) WBA, WBC, IBF
Larry Holmes VS Ali (1980)
Mike Tyson - Larry Holmes (1988)
30. Douglas Booster (1990, 1) WBA, WBC, IBF
31. Evander Holyfield (1990 - 1992, 1997 - 1999, 4) WBA, WBC, IBF
Ivan Alexandrovich Ivankov - a second athlete in history sport gymnasticsWho twice the vertices of the World and Europe championships in all-around, honored master of sports of the Republic of Belarus, two-time absolute world champion (1994; 1997), two-time absolute European champion (1994; 1996), World Cup World Champion in the team championship, winner of the World Cup ( 1998) In the exercises at the crossbar, the winner of goodwill games in New York in Multi-around (1998), the winner of the Europa-Master Cup (1997).
Numerous victories brought Gymnast to universal recognition: he is the cavalier of the Order of the Fatherland II and III degrees, and in 1994 and 1997 he was awarded the title " Best Athlete" The Honored Trainers of the BSSR Doylidov Victor Vatikovich and Vatikin Vladimir Romanovich helped the sports vertices to Ivan Ivankov.
- Absolute champion in gymnastics - what does this mean?
- Ivan Ivankov: The title of the absolute champion is assigned to an athlete who won in a voluntary, after performing all the disciplines at a high level, including free exercises, horse, rings, reference jump, bars and crossbar.
- Ivan, tell us about those sensations that I remember when the threshold of the gymnastics class crossed the threshold.
- I.I.: In childhood about the classes of gymnastics and did not think, but dreamed, as it should, become a cosmonaut! My future coaches Victor Doylidov and Vladimir Vatkin came to our kindergarten group and told the boys that the movie would be filmed. Of course, a boy dreamed in movies in about the same way as becoming cosmonauts, so many kids came to the sample. I remember my first impressions of the gymnastics: I was amazed, with what ease and courage of the athletes performed the most complex elements. Reduced in 6 years the threshold of the gymnastic hall, I caught fire with gymnastics, because I understood: she will help me perfectly master the stunning art of managing your body.
- Is the desire to leave gymnastics classes?
- I.I.: It was interesting to study, but with each step, as the elements are complicated, everything is harder and harder - I had to endure the hands torn to the blood, pain in the muscles and joints, I do not regret yourself. Of all those who came with me on the carpet of kids in the group there are 5 people. I had a critical moment when I felt that no longer tolerate all the difficulties, then my father told me: "In life, to achieve something, you need to go through a lot, overcoming not only difficulties, but also your weaknesses! Never start what is not able to finish! ". These words of the Father still consider our vital influence.
I want to express the words of gratitude and admire your grandfather! The pilot who passed the entire war to Berlin, he was the embodiment of power, wisdom and kindness, my biggest fan and prophet! It he drove me to workout, arriving three times a week on the train from Fanipol to Minsk, constantly believed in me and convinced that I would become a champion. Unfortunately, he did not live up to that moment when his prophecy was fulfilled, but I dedicated my first victory in the world championship.
- How difficult was the path from the first lesson before entering the national team of the Republic of Belarus?
- I.I.: After complete aware that gymnastics - my vocation, went for many years of stubborn workouts, falls and ups. Competition during the time of the USSR was crazy, the struggle for hitting the team was the most severe. Thanks to the joint work of my mentors, Viktor Doylidova and Vladimir Vatkina, as well as his own stubborn labor And the wishes to become the best, managed to get to the National Branch of the BSSR, and then - to the youth team of the Union. It was the first step towards success.
The first serious success came in 1991, on Youth Championship Europe, where he won in the all-around and four exercises, won 5 of the 7 possible gold medals. As I went to the championship in the composition of the USSR national team without his personal trainer, immediately at return to Moscow called Vladimir Romanovich. The news was stunning even for my mentor: he said that he did not hear me - I had to repeat this joyful news again and again. In Belarus, I made an incredibly warm welcome, my coaches, parents, representatives of the gymnastics Federation, friends arrived at the station. And now I remember the feeling of pride in the great power, for your homeland Belarus, which will forever remain for me the maternal cradle.
- What victory do you think the most important or most difficult?
- I.I.: One of the most important victories I consider winning at the World Championships in 1997. It was after the 1996 Olympiad, which was driving as a team leader, but I did not have a chance to speak: the gap of Achilles tendons at that time threatened not only the end of the career, but also a loss of health. A great desire to return to the sport and incredible support for loved ones and friends helped stand up and believe in yourself. The hardest workouts in the Sport Complex "Ices" and the help of a doctor of the National Team Vanhadlo Alexander Arkadevich led to the fact that I didn't just gain a good fitness form, but also overtook many competitors.
Having left for the World Cup in 1997, recovering after the injury, I felt great excitement, because the strongest gymnasts of the world went on the platform. The national team of the Republic of Belarus became a silver medalist, and I won the title of absolute champion for the second time. Mascinum of this victory for me was Maria Leontievna Icina, who supported and gave us a feeling of confidence in their power.
It is difficult to describe the feeling that you experience when you stand on the pedestal, listen to the anthem of the Motherland and together with you stands the entire Palace of Sports.
- When the excitement about the speeches was great: at the European Youth Championship, when 5 out of 7 gold medals were conquered, or in 1994, when they first became an absolute world champion?
- I.I.: The excitement before the start in my life was always present, both in junior age and in adulthood - the more importantly the start, the stronger the excitement. Over the years, the speeches came to experience, he, the birth, and helped to cope with excitement and nervous tension before the competition.
- What projectiles or exercises have always been loved ones, and what have any particular difficulties caused?
- I.I.: Favorite can call free exercises, rings and crossbar. Unfortunately, after the injury of Achille, free exercises were more like the tests than on their favorite discipline. I did not have types of exercises that could be called "not loved ones", because in each form and on each projectile I wanted to perform at the level of the leading gymnasts of the planet.
- You were called the leader of the national team, and how did relation to relationship with other gymnasts in the team?
- I.I.: The relationship in the team was different, depending on the team. The closest were the closest in the team of 1993-2000 - with Vitaly Shcherbo, Andrey Kan, Alexander Shostakov, Vitaly Rudnitsky, Alexander Belanovsky, Ivan Pavlovsky, Arkady Lapkina, Alexey Sinkevich, Vladimir Shkuratovich, Dmitry Kaspersive. We were all from different corners of Belarus, but we were united by one goal and very warm relationships, mutual execution and support. Olympic team 1996 I can safely call the "dream team." We claimed on olympic goldBut my injury has significantly reduced our chances of winning. I sat in the stands, watched how powerfully fought the guys, but the cherished hundredth points went to rivals, and I could not help anything. As a result, the fourth place of the Olympics.
Next year, at the World Championships in Switzerland, our team ranked second, proving, which is among the strongest and will always fight only for the highest places.
The leader in any sport is an incredibly able-bodied person with a huge desire to be the first and best, able to sacrifice many in the name of the goal. I can not say that I met with the manifestations of open envy or hostility - Rather, teammate partners, all professional athletes, tried to prove that they are stronger, hard work in training.
- In one of the articles flashed, your phrase "Tired of judicial dirt" ... can you tell about the most difficult moments in the sports career, which led to such a statement?
- I.I.: The most sick and annoying factor in our sport is a high level of subjectivity in judging, which often leads to corruption, especially sensitive in the Olympic starts. The so-called "dirty referee" is practically impossible to prove. Why is this happening? It is much more difficult to win at the world championship, because all countries take part, and only 12 teams are selected at the Olympics. But the world championships are not sponsored in the volume of Olympic financing. The Olympiad was largely turned into a show, and sometimes it seems that the medals are predetermined in advance, of course, taking into account the amendment on the circumstances, and the athletes become an instrument in the confrontation of the political views and interests of states.
Unfortunately, olympic awards There is no in my piggy bank, but it was preparing for the Olympics seriously, was the captain of the team at the Olympics in 2000, rejoiced by the guys who returned home with medals, because he understood the price of these victories.
- At what age did the speeches for the national team stopped? What was it connected with?
- I.I.: His speeches for the national team graduated when I was 32 years old - the age is quite serious for gymnastics. Most athletes ends up to 28 years old, and not because of unwillingness to continue performances, but because injuries make their lives in sports unbearable! I went for the same reason, but I think that I lived a fairly interesting and successful life in big Sport. Unfortunately, the long-standing damage make themselves felt now: already after graduation sports career I had to make the fifth operation on Achille Temons. The spinal injury makes periodically take painkillers, but I believe: if you keep yourself in good physical formThese adversity are overcome. Currently, we are engaged in coaching and I believe that everything has its time.
- Why are you in addition to gymnastics?
- I.I.: I consider myself a versatile person. I like active species recreation. The biggest problem is a lack of time, but as soon as the free minute is issued, we try to travel together with your family, find out new beautiful places, go to the movies, museums.
- Tell me a little about life in America.
- I.I.: I'm married, my wife is Valentina, she is a medic. To be near a person is easy when a person is successful and at the peak of glory, and in a difficult period, not every can be support for her husband. In the tree, I am sure - she can, so I really value our relationship. Only with her I live in the present, only I see my future and regret that it was not in my past.
We live in a quiet, cozy place, not far from the beautiful lake, surrounded by wildlife, many birds and animals. As soon as the weather allows, I will get out fishing gearI love to sit with the fishing rod. Our residential complex includes open poolwhich works for five months a year, tennis courts, volleyball courts, sport halls. In a word, a person does not lazy always have something to do.
My family and we go to ice Palace, skate - funny lesson for gymnast, I tell you! Maybe take part in the "Ice Show"?
Wife is studying at the university, studies language; Son goes to the 7th grade high School, entered the specialized class with a mathematical bias. It is hard to comprehend knowledge on someone else's language, but thanks to persistence and effort everything is overcome.
Relationship between people in America is a complex question. So, as friends, we are not friends anywhere. There are, of course, good and wonderful people, but it is rather an exception to the rules.
I have only Russian television connected at home. Wife is preparing only familiar dishes of traditional Russian and Belarusian cuisine. We celebrate our holidays, so the atmosphere of the Motherland is always present in our house.
- Today, Ivan Ivankov has a solid conviction that he found his way in life?
- I.I.: Probably, I still did not clearly define and I am at the stage of becoming your life path. I know that many more can do for gymnastics and for Belarus.
By right, it is considered the best analyst of debut options. Kramnik, almost a legend man. The chess player who was able to defeat Harry Kasparov and pick up the title of champion, a chess player who received many awards, the absolute world champion in chess, and the person whose name is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. All this and much more can be said about Vladimir Kramnik.
Getting a chess career.
Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik was born on June 25, 1975. Already from 5 years, young Volodya began to play chess. After the family of the future international grandmaster moved to Moscow, Vladimir entered Mikhail's chess school, and already in 1991 at the age of only 16 became the world champion among chess players, whose age under 18 years old.
The second step of the Olympic team.
Almost immediately after that, in 1992, Kramnik was able to become a member of the Olympic team, and won the Olympics in Manila. Then Vladimir managed to show a unique result - 8.5 of the possible 9. After this Olympiad, the results of Kramnik were improved every year, and in 1994, Kramnik first beat Great Casparov for the first time.
But this victory did not become the last. After all, in 2000 Kasparov, being acting champion The world, offered a 25-year-old chess player Revenge.
Kramnik - Casparov 2000.
Indeed, the proposal to play the match Revenge, who entered the story, and will still be remembered by everyone who is connected with chess, received precisely from the current 13 world champion - Harry Kasparov. Kramnik agreed to the game. Under the terms of the contract, it was supposed to be a match for the title of world champion in the classic version. And this match was the fatal for Kasparov. Of the 16 parties of the world champion, I could not win any.