IN Ancient Greece, and in the whole ancient world, Olympic Games were one of the most revered holidays. The founder of the games, according to the myths, was the Hercules half-breed. But this is just a beautiful fiction, but about real manWhich first came up with and organized games, there are no reliable information, there are only different versions about who could be. But it is quite clear that the game was obtained due to the fact that they were held in the Olympia district on the Peloponnese Peloponnese Peninsula, in one of the largest sanctuary of the ancient Greeks.
Olympic Greece Games
The first games, according to the historical sources that came to us, took place in 776 to our era. It is also known that a certain cook named Coroibos became the winner in a 192 meter run.
Ancient Greeks spent their games every four years and they lasted five days. By tradition, a solemn procession was held before the start of the game, as well as the reward honors for God Zeus and God Apollo. In addition, participants had to bring an oath that they would compete honestly, and the judges were an oath about what would be judged by justice. Then special man Grubil several times in the silver pipe, which was a kind of invitation to the stadium to the beginning of the competition. By the way, in the ancient stadium there were quite many viewers - about 40,000!
The standard program of the ancient Olympic Games included such disciplines like fist fights, fighting, running, running with weapons, throwing spears and disk. There was another extremely spectacular discipline - racing on chariot harvested horses. The ancient Greek athletes were very seriously prepared for the games - ten months a year they did at home, and another month in Olympia, under the leadership of their coaches.
From the IV century, not only athletes, but also speakers, playwrights, poets, historians, musicians, and actors, they also competed with each other in the games, they were also a grandiose presentation for his time.
Not everyone could attend games as the audience. This right was deprived of women, slaves, as well as citizens condemned for certain crimes. Ancient chronicles are described by such a case: a popular fistful fighter in Olympia, as it turned out, his mother trained, putting men's clothing. Since then, athletes and coaches have been obliged to appear on competitions absolutely nagi - it excluded the possibility of deception.
Those who defeated the Olympic Games, in ancient Greece received a general honor - sculptors did their monuments, the poets were composed in their honor of the laudatory OD. The winners were solemnly met in a small homeland and awarded wreaths that were made from the branches of the Wild Oil.
In addition to this athletes who were able to become the best in the ancient Olympic Games, lifelongly provided food for the executed account, sponsored large sums and released from taxes.
During games, any military actions between the warring Greek territories were obliged to stop. Ancient Greeks considered their games to the holiday of the world. And the presence of this holiday certainly contributed to the strengthening of cultural ties between Greek states.
The last time the ancient Olympiad (293 on the score!) Was held in 394 by our era, that is, at times, when Greece was part of the Roman Empire. After that, they forbade them as a pagan event, the Roman emperor Feodosius I (on him in this matter had a strong influence of the Christian clergy).
Revival 1500 years later!
In 1894, the second birth of the Summer Olympic Games is happening (and winter OlympiadIt is obvious that the ancient Greeks simply did not have - the climate on the peloponnese is too warm and soft). This year, the first international sports congress occurred in Paris, in which delegations from 34 states (in particular, from Russia) participated. At Congress, it was decided to spend the summer Olympic Games.
But only two years later, it became a reality - the opening ceremony of the first renewed games took place on April 5, 1896 in Athens. Representatives of 13 countries took part in them. The Russian empire of his athletes, unfortunately, did not send.
Competitions in 1896 passed only among men and everything in nine disciplines: gymnastics, lightweight and heavy athletics, bullet shooting, Fencing, Fighting, Bicycle Racing, Tennis and Swimming.
The interest of the public to the games was colossal, a vivid confirmation of which the presence of viewers in the amount of more than 90,000 people.
Since then, at today's summer, summer games are held once in four years in different cities of the world. However, three times in the stormy XX century, the summer Olympic games were still canceled due to world wars (they were not held in 1916, 1940 and 1944).
Pierre de Cuberret - First Chairman of the IOC
The key role in the revival of the Olympic Games was played by the French Baron, a representative of the ancient Aristocratic family Pierre de Coubert. (year of birth - 1863). He very much wanted to revive Olympic thinking and Olympic culture, and pretty quickly found like-minded people in this matter throughout Europe. One of these like-minded people was an archaeologist Ernst Kursius - he who, after conducting his research, in fact, wrote new rules for conducting such competitions.
Couterret believed that the French lost in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) due to the fact that the soldier chrome physical training. And he believed that, reviving, the Olympic Games, he could change this situation. In addition, Baron, of course, wanted to overcome the selfishness of national states with the help of games and contribute to the struggle for peace. Young youth should fight not in real wars, but in sports - this was also one of the ideas of the revived Olympiad.
It was Cuberith that became the first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and stayed at this post long enough - from 1896 to 1916 and from 1919 to 1925. A three-year break is connected as many people may guess from the First World War. During these years, de Coubert served in the French troops. The symbol of the Olympic Games is five intersecting rings, which indicate the combination of five inhabited parts of the world. The color of the upper rings is black, blue and red, the color of the lower - yellow and green. This symbol, as well as the flag (the same rings on a white background), was approved by the IOC on the proposal of the cell itself in 1914.
De Couberten's heritage is difficult to overestimate, and, for example, today there is a special IOC award - Pierre de Coubertena medal. She is awarded for the nobility and following the Fair Play ("honest game") during the Olympics. Some fans and athletes this award recognized even more important than the Golden Medal.
Medal de Coubertena and one of its owners - Brazilian Marathon Randerley de Lima
Interesting champions and participants of the Olympics of the past
Women began to play games only in 1900. And the first champion became Countess Helen De Purtal - in sailing sports. Her yacht "Lerina" came to the finish line first. And then many more women surprised the world with their sports successes and not only. For example, in the eighties, a large stir called Florence Griffith-Joyner. She at the Olympics in Seoul, 1988 managed to beat three records and conquer three gold medals. But she was remembered primarily by the fact that the path on those games came out in make-up, with false nails, in very bold and unusual outfits.
And most the oldest winner and the oldest champion of the Olympiad In the history of the Swede Oscar Svan. In 1912. at the age of 64, he showed best result In shooting on the conditional "flying deer" (There was such a discipline then). And in 1920, at the age of 72, he again took part in the Olympics and took silver as part of the Swedish team for shooting - this age record still does not break.
BUT the youngest winner of the Olympic Games - Ten-year-old boy Dimitros Lundras, represented Greece on the first revived Olympiad of 1896. He participated only in the team competition on the bars, and ultimately his team ranked third.
Quite interesting was the 1904 Olympiad in the American Saint Louis. In particular, the Cuban Pozhnik Felix Carvakhal took part in it. For him, even hitting the Olympics was not an easy business - he collected money for a ticket, asking for alms. Once in St. Louis, he became one of the participants of the marathon. And almost the entire distance fled first, but shortly before the finish was stopped to disrupt and eat an apple - the fact is that Felix did not eat about 40 hours. As a result, Carvakhala overtook, he came running fourth, but it became a real celebrity.
And on one of the Olympics of the beginning of the 20th century there was a marathonist who tried to deceive everyone. He, after a few kilometers after the start, sat in the car, and left him just shortly before the finish. Of course, this deception was disclosed and no medals did not receive a fraudster.
By the way, the marathon distance was not in the ancient Greek olympiads. She was introduced by Pierre de Cubertret, based on a beautiful ancient Greek legend. In 490 BC e. The battle of the city of Marathon took place. Persians won the troops of Athens, and to notify the citizens of the city, the messenger named Fidippid was sent there. He allegedly ran all the way (about 42 kilometers long), without stopping. Once in the attitude of Athens, he shouted: "Rejoice, we won!". Immediately after this, FIDIPPID fell to death - did not stand the loads. This legend is not confirmed by historical sources, but it did not prevent the marathon running of the mandatory discipline of the modern summer Olympic Games.
Some more curious facts about the Olympics
Baron de Couberta himself believed that the Olympic Games should be a strictly amateur competition, in which the money received for sports, not a place. He believed that professionals had an unfair advantage over those whom the sport is only a hobby. And, let's say, in 1913, the medals were selected from Gina Torp - after the shoppers found out that Jin semi-professional played American baseball. After the Second World War, many countries (for example, the USSR) sent athletes to the Olympics, which were only formally lovers. And this is especially acute this problem stood in hockey. Canada even boycotted the Olympic tournaments of 1972 and 1976 due to the fact that the USSR national team was completed in fact from professionals, while Canadians send, for example, NHL players could not.
Over time, due to the objective professionalization of sports, the requirement of lovers in most disciplines has become irrelevant. But, for example, the Boxer Olympic Tournament still has amateur status and is carried out according to the relevant rules.
To this day, the Olympic Boxer Tournaments are held on amateur rules (therefore, for example, boxers in helmets)
If we talk about the Winter Olympics, then she was first arranged only in 1924 in the French city of Chamonix. Winter games today also take place every four years. However, their time does not coincide with summer (for example, the last summer Olympic games passed in 2016, and the last winter - held in 2018). Over time, the number of participants and the number of disciplines both in summer, and in winter games only grows. And, for example, in Sochi in 2014, the number of played sets of medals was 98, and in Phenchhan. Although it is still, let's say, in the Winter Olympics in Vancouver 2010, the played sets were only 86. And in the recently completed winter games in Pyonchhana was installed new record - 102 sets of medals in 15 disciplines.
Sign and relay of Olympic Fire
Separately, it is worth talking about the procedure for the insight of the Olympic Fire. This fire a few months before the opening of the games is lit on the site of the most ancient Olympia, in Greece. 11 girls (actresses playing priests) spend the ceremony, during which one of them, uttering a special prayer, lights the fire through a convex mirror that accepts and focusing the sun's rays. Approximately the same before the opening of the games did in antiquity, even before our era - it is truly surprising.
After the insight, the relay of the Olympic Fire begins - he from a torch to the torch is delivered to the country and to the city, who had the honor of spending the Olympic Games. The relay of the Olympic Fire up to 2007 touched upon all five inhabited continents of the planet. Now (for security purposes), the Torch passes its ground path only through the country where the games are directly held. Famous athlete Or another significant figure of this country runs out its part of the relay and transmits the fire further. To carry at least 100 meters a torch with fire is considered a great honor. All this action, of course, causes huge interest and from ordinary spectators.
In the city-organizer, the Olympic Fire is delivered to the end of the opening ceremony. Here he swears for a number of times on a running circle and finally gives athlete, which was entrusted to ignite the Olympic Fire - this is very honorable right. And after burning fire in a big beautiful bowl (her design, all the organizers try to make unusual and unique) will burn all the time until the Olympiad go.
Documentary film "Origin of Olympic Games"
THESIS
HISTORY OF OLYMPIC GAMES
CONTENT.
2. Olympia excavations.
3. The revival of the Olympic Games of our time.
4. Olympic Charter.
4.1. Olympic symbol.
4.2. Olympic motto.
4.3. Olympic flag.
4.4. Olympic fire.
4.5. Olympic oath.
4.6. Olympic emblem.
4.7. Olympic awards.
4.8. Olympic anthem.
5. Olympic, Olympic Movement, Olympic Games, Olympics.
6. International Olympic Committee (IOC).
6.1. Presidents IOC.
6.2. Representatives of the IOC in our country.
7. Olympic committees in our country.
Program of the Olympic Games.
Winter Olympic Games.
Russia at the origins of the modern Olympic movement.
Games of the first three olympiads of modernity.
Russia at the IV and V Games Olympics.
Games without us.
Games XV Olympiad (Helsinki, 1952).
16. Games of the XXII Olympiad (Moscow, 1980).
17. Coly Games is 100 years old.
18. Inviting the achievements of domestic athletes on the summer and winter olympics of the 20th century.
19. Increast athletes - participants in the Olympic Games.
20. Stavropol provisions on the Olympics.
21. Sport.
Literature.
1. Ancient Greek Olympic Games.
In ancient Greece distinguished two methods of application exercise: gymnastics, or general physical education, and agonistic - special training and participation in contests. Agonistry decayed the gymnastic games and contests and musical competitions (in the field of music, dance, poetry).
From gymnastic agons (agon - competition, tournament, holiday) are very popular (in Argolide), Easty Games (in Corinth Ist), Pythi Games (in Delphi), Panafine Games (in Athens). However, from all games held in ancient Greece, the greatest value Have the Olympic Games.
Problems of the emergence and development of the ancient Greek Olympic games have long been interested in scientists from different countries.
The origin and development of the Olympic Games is due to economic, political, military and cultural prerequisites, which were formed in ancient Greece, during the decay of the generic relations and the ripening of class slave-ownership society.
With the development of slave relations, change and in the cultural life of Greece took place. There were closer ties between tribes, and later and cities. Gradually arose myths and legends about Zeus, Herakla, Hermes and other deities who lived, by legend, at the top of Olympus. But public games have appeared long before the myths and legends about pagan deities began to develop. For many years, the ancient agons were carried out and where they later began to organize competitions that called the Olympic. About the first Olympic Games of accurate data is not preserved. The first reliable mention of them belongs to 776 BC, when the name of the first Olympic Winner is engraved on one of the marble columns established along the coast of the Alps River - Koreba, Cooks from Elida.
Some authors note that in 776 BC. The XXVIII games took place. The location of the Games was Olympia, located in the northwestern part of the Peloponnesian Peninsula, in the Alps River valley, at the foot of the Kronos Mountain. In Olympia, except for temples, there were gymnasiums, the Pestrate, Stadium and the Hippodrome. Olympic holiday, in which only the athletes of the two cities of Elida - Pisses and Alice were attended, was celebrated in the "Sacred Month", which began with the first full moon after the summer solstice every 1417 days, i.e. The Olympic Games were held once every four years. Periods between games were called Olympics; For them, the Greeks were led by the summer.
The program of the Olympic Games, at first consisting only from running for one stages (192 m 27 cm), was subsequently expanded due to the competition in Pentatlon, running with weapons (sword and shield), Pankration, fistboard, chariot contests and riding riding.
In the period from VII to II century. BC. Only free-born Greeks could participate in the Olympic Games. Slaves and people of eraine origin ("Varvara", as they called the Greeks), and women were not allowed to play. Each participant was to prepare for 10 months to prepare for games at home, and then within a month in Olympia. It could afford only the most wealthy slave owners who have had enough free time.
The Olympic Games were performed extremely solemnly. Managing managers (ELLANDIKI) players. In the early period, the game took place in one day, during the heyday (VI-IV centuries. BC) - in five days. Before starting games, all participants gave an oath that they honestly prepared, and would be worthy to compete, and also brought victims to the gods. Winners of Games (Olympionics) enjoyed great glory, respect, honors. In their honor, there were praise, sheds, the hymns were sang, monuments were put. The prize of the Olympionics served as a wreath cut off with an olive bush marked with oracle. Then followed gifts from the conducting Olympic games and from the audience. From the native city, the Olympionics received a solid cash reward.
But it was much more important than the honorable hero. The winner was brought to his native city on the fourth of white horses through a gap, blissing in the fortress wall of the city, freed from taxes, fed all his life at the expense of the city, installed monuments, coins coins with his image. And sometimes, after death, some were deified and built them temples. The memory of the Olympionics surrounded the legends to make the victory more attractive to the descendants.
The Olympic festivities gathered to 45 - 50 thousand spectators, among which were famous philosophers, historians, poets. History has kept the names of the outstanding representatives of the ancient world for us, which most accurately corresponded to the modern term "harmonious man." Pythagoras, whose theorem is taught at school to this day, was a powerful fist fuel fighter, became the Olympic champion. The father of medicine is an ancient Greek doctor Hippocrat achieved significant success in the struggle and racing on chariot. The owners of various awards for the sporting valor were also known philosophers Plato and Socrates, tragic poets Sofokl and Euripid.
Games have repeatedly visited Aristotle and Herodot historian. Poet Lukian, having visited many times on the games, described them in his writings.
In the days of the Games, Olympia turned into a center for the economic, political and cultural life of Greece. At this time, there was a boyfriend trade here, trading deals were concluded, guests got acquainted with representatives of other countries, with the development of crafts and agriculture, with a variety of customs and religious rites, listened to philosophers, historians, poets, musicians and miners of the religious cult. In the socio-political and cultural life of Greece of the heyday, the Olympic holidays played a very big role. They contributed to the association of policies (states-states). A month before the games throughout Greece, the sacred truce (EKICHIIRI) was announced, all sorts of distribution between the policies were stopped, no one had the right to enter the Land of Olympia with weapons in his hands. Along with philosophical systems, theater, music, visual art, the Olympic Games performed an important role in the "out-of-school" education and education of the population.
Olympics were not interrupted after in 146 BC Greek lands were subordinate to Rome. True, the conquerors destroyed the sacred tradition, in which only residents of Greece could participate in the Olympic Games.
The Romans included circus ideas in the games - fighting gladiators who fought to death. Cruel interest among the frenzy public caused the fights of gladiators with lions, tigers, bulls. But all this, of course, had no relation to the sport and to those Olympic ideals, which were approved by the Greeks earlier.
Athletic competitions in Olympia were held regularly for 1168 years. In 394 AD The Emperor of the East and the West of Feodosia I, forcibly obsted Christianity, considered the Olympic Games of the pagan ritual, declared the wicked and forbade their further decree.
Subsequently, Olympia was destroyed as a result of the spill of rivers after two strongest earthquakes and was under the sand layer and Tina.
After the cessation of the ancient Olympic Games, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe comprehensive development of a person was predicted in them to oblivion by one and a half thousand years. In many countries, the sports classes themselves were banned.
2. Olympics.
As for the excavations of the Olympia, this dream was launched in centuries. French paleographer Bernard Monfocon (1655-1741) wrote in 1723: "Undoubtedly, the Olympic Land is saturated with countless monuments. And no one rolls out this area. " On the excavations of the Olympia dreamed of the famous German scientist Jogan Winchelman (1717-1768) - one of the largest artists in the world historiography of antique art. His tragic death is associated with an attempt to get to Olympia and start its excavation.
In 1766, the ruins of the constructions of Olympia of the English archaeologists were found, in 1829 - French. To carry out the dream of not one generation of scientists about excavations in Olympia, only the German archaeologist Ernstu Kursius (1814-1896) was managed. Like his famous compatriot, Henry Schliman, since childhood he dreamed of finding and spreading Troy, Kursius went to his goal for a long time and stubbornly. Having visited the Olympia at 23, he caught fire with a dream to open the secrets of this glorious city. Your report "Olympia", read in 1852. In Berlin, he finished the call to remove the treasures, melting under the alphabet. However, it passed another 23 years before Kursius was able to embark on his dream. In October 1875, on Earth of ancient Olympia, the first blows of archaeological hammers rang out. Excavations lasted six years and surpassed all expectations. Kursius by that time became a university teacher. In 1887 E. Kurzius with co-authors published 3-Tomny work dedicated to the results of the excavation, and the world learned about the unknown people with details of the Olympiad. Undoubtedly, this has played a certain role in improving interest in the ancient Olympic Games, in popularizing the Olympic idea.
» History of the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece
History of the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece
The history of the ancient Olympic games is extremely rich. The Olympic Games appeared in the IX century. BC e. In those days, the Greek states ruined each other in endless wars. Iphite, the king of Elida, arrived in Delphi to learn from Oracle, like him, to the ruler of a small country, to protect his people from wars and robbery. Delphic Oracle - his predictions and advice were considered absolutely true - answered Iphita:
- It is necessary that you found the game, pleasing to the gods!
Iphit without delay went to meet with the king of the neighboring Sparta, a powerful Likurg. Obviously, Iphit was a good diplomat, since the Likurg decided (and all other rulers agreed with him), which from now on, the elder is a neutral state. Immediately, Iphit to prove peace-loving aspirations and thank the gods, established athletic games: they had to be held in Olympia every four years. Hence the name of them - the Olympic. She went 884 to n. e.
At first, athletes from two cities of Elida - Alice and Pisses participated in the games. The first in the chronicle of games entered 776 BC. e. - Year of the first utility games. Only thanks to the ancient Greek tradition - to carve the names of the olympionics on the marble columns, installed along the coast of the Alps River, and the name of the first winner - Coreba, the chef from the Elida.
With the approach of the Olympic Games from Elida, the messengers (Feoras) were denied in all directions, which reported on the day of the festivals and declared the "sacred truce." They were met with Triumph not only in Ellada himself, but also everywhere where the Greeks settled. Warriors set off the weapon and went to Olympia. When the envoys of all Greek states gathered together, they probably felt their national community.
Then a single calendar of the Olympic Games was established, which decided to spend regularly every four years "between the harvest and grape collection". Holiday of athletes, consisting of numerous religious ceremonies and sports, continued first one day, then five days, and later - a whole month. In order to participate in games, it was supposed to "not be neither a slave nor a barbarian, not committing crimes, no blasphemy, nor sacredness." (Barbarians were considered those who were not a citizen of Greek states.)
History of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece - the emergence of new spectacular competitions
In the first 13 games competed only in the stage of the stage - run to the distance of 1 stages. In 724 BC. e. Double running was added - diaull (at a distance of 384.54 m). 
Then, in 720 BC. er, on the 15th Olympiad, a pentathlon appeared, or, as the Greeks called him, a pentatlon, consisting of a simple run, jumping in length, throwing a disc and spear, struggle. Even after seven Olympics, in 688 BC. er, the program has enriched in a fistboard, after 12 years - the chariot contest and, finally, at the 33rd Olympiad, in 648 BC. e., Pankration, the most difficult and most cruel kind of competition.
Going to a fist fight, the participants put on the head a special bronze cap, and fists were watched with leather belt with metal cones. Going to strike, the fighter took precautions: defended his head with his hand; I tried to get up so that the enemy blinded the sun, and then struggling to bil the fist, actually chained in the iron, according to his rubbers, face and torso. The fight continued until someone from two recognized himself defeated. Usually, the athletes left the battlefield of disfigured, crippled, bleeding. Often they were taken away from the stadium half-arms.
Pankration combined the struggle and fist fight. It was forbidden to put into the course of the teeth and pull or break the fingers of the enemy, put on the hands of metal wrappers. But any blows, grippers, kicks, pain techniques, It was possible to overturn the opponent to the ground and squeeze his throat.
Later, the Games program included running in service; running trumpeters and gerloids; contests on ride on chariot harvested by mula; Competitions for children in combating, jumping, pentatlon), and in 200 BC. E., On the 145th Olympics, even children's pankration appeared.
On the eve of the opening of the Olympiad, the audience admired the marble statues of the winners of previous games, located between the stadium and the Alps River. Statues manufactured and installed on the means of cities, from where there were new "demigods": the first Olympionics of Ko-Rab from Elida; "The strongest among the strong" Milon from Croton; Coron Polytes, the fastest athlete on the 212th Olympiad; Lasfen from those bay, fled 156 stages, competing with a horse; Nikola from acrycan, who belonged to five victories in the Olympiads, and many other glorious athletes.
The young men also showed the statues of Zeus, towering near the Crohn Hill. Each of these statues was ordered and put on fines imposed on those participants of the Games who Julinich tried to bribe the enemy or assisted him injury during the competition.
The Olympic festivities began with the sunrise of the full moon. The solemn procession was sent to the Golden Statue of Zeus. He headed the procession of emalion in purple vessels, they walked athletes and famous citizens. The sacrifice of Zeus was brought two huge bulls, and the judges and participants of the competition were given a solemn oath to be worthy of awarding a laurel wreath and palm branch. In the evening after the draw, the celebration of Arts was arranged. Long before his end, the athletes went to bed - half-starving, eating a piece of cheese and drinking cold water.
So, the Great Day has come. From 40 thousand to 60 thousand viewers occupied space on the embankment around the stadium. Pipes welcomed the approaching emalodics and honored guests. Athletes took turns to the middle of the arena to introduce themselves to the audience. Heracking loudly announced the name and the homeland of everyone and was asked three times: "Do you all, happy guests of Olympia, agree that this athlete is a free and worthy citizen?" Then the competition began.
On the first day, there were compets for all types of run, in the second - in Pentathlon, and in the third - in the struggle, fist of Boy and Pankration. The fourth day was completely given to the children. The running distance for them was twice as shorter than adults. For the fifth day, races were arranged on chariots harvested by fourth horses, and horse racing in a circle for 8 and 73 stages (1538 and 14000 m).
The history of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece is very rich in intense and spectacular sports.
Olympic fire Eldlats, an event that attracts the attention of the inhabitants of the whole world for a whole month, originated in ancient Greece in the 8th century. BC. At least the date 776 BC. Caught on a stone plate from marble, telling about the Olympic victory in a contest on the Koroibos chef. The device of life At that time, the development of not only crafts and natural science was assumed, but also required the permanent athletic training of the entire population.
History of the Olympic Games of Ancient Greece
The population of ancient Greece was honored by the gods, and the myths and legends of that time described everything that was happening. The emergence and formation of the Olympic Games is associated with the name of Pelops, who won the chariot competition and founded such competitions held at a periodicity of every 4 years.
But the legends of the ancient Greek poet Pyndara tell about the involvement in the great tradition of a folk hero, son of Zeus Hercules. Back in 1253 BC e. The hero got the task of the Hellensky king Avgiya cleaned his running stables in just a day. Hercules with the help of titanic efforts sent the bed of the local river straight to the stables, which were washes and cleaned on time.
However, the cunning Avgy refused to give a fee for which he and his family were fairly shown. Hercules in honor of the overthrow of the treacherous ruler arranged great festivals and athletics competitions, entrusted to making them regular.
Scientists researchers of the ancient world and the origin of the Olympic Games as a public tribute and gratitude to the gods for the new harvest are not discarded. In support of this theory, the event is the time of the event (the end of the summer of the autumn), as well as honorary awards of the winners of the competition: the olive branch and wreaths of plants.
See also: Olympic gods Ancient Greece: names, acts, symbols
One of the popular versions of the origin of the Great Event is an agreement reached between the Ellinsky king Iphit and the ruler of Sparta Likurg. This idea of \u200b\u200bIphita prompted the wise oracle, to which the ruler of the Elida resorted after the next bloody battle and the invasion of the plague.
Venue of the Competition
As a result of the agreement achieved, the relationship between cities and centers of ancient Greece increased, cultural and socio-economic life was raised. At the time of the period of the competition, all wars and contradictions between the provinces were stopped, as the athletes had to prepare unhindered and get to the venue.
The latter was organized in the Olympia settlement, which was located in the elident in the north-western part of the Peloponnese at the foot of the Kronos Mountain.
The elevation clones served as a natural tribune for the audience, which could be up to 40 thousand people.
The Architectural Complex of Olympia consisted of a hippodrome for holding an equestrian competition, an impressive stadium and hippodrome, courtyard framed by colonnades, several gymnasiums, platforms for conducting competitions in combating, throwing, ball games, baths. Not far there are places for guests and athletes. It is noteworthy that women at the Olympic Games were not allowed even as a viewer.
Modern Olympic Games are sports international scale. The tradition of holding them was born before our era in ancient Greece, where the sport had a great importance for people.
History of origin
According to the legend, the mother of all the ancient Greek gods rehe served mythical creatures with ugly bodies - dirty. Five brethils once went to Olympia, a Greek settlement, which is considered to be a sacred place. Looking at the beautiful figures of Divine statues, which were many in the Temples of Olympia, drathiped wanted to make your bodies at least more attractive. To do this, they began to play sports and compete among themselves in the race, thereby putting the beginning of the tradition to organize sports.
So in ancient times with athlete Observations Nick Olympic Thanks to their first spent and organized every five years, by the number of mythical brothers.
After some time, the tradition of holding the Olympic Games was interrupted, but in the II century BC resumed again. Since then, the gap between the Olympiad is 4 years.
Reason for truce
Antique Greece, or as it also called Elda, was not a single country. It consisted of several small independent states, between which bloody wars constantly passed.
History suggests that the Iphita, the king of the Greek state of Elida, in whose territory was Olympia, oracle predictor gave advice, organize a spectacular sports festival in favor of the gods, Which will save the country from enemy raids and ruin. Iphit has enlisted support for the respected legislator from Sparta and established regular competitions in the Sacred Olympics.
On the eve of the Olympic Games in all of Greece, a truce was established. For a month all sorts of wars stopped. In addition, the elide eventually turned into an untouchable country against which it was forbidden to fight to other states.
Organization of ancient games
Celebrations held everything in the same Olympia at one time, shortly before vintage. They continued for five days. Sports We replaced sacrifices of gods, honoring winners and grand fears.
Initially only men could be participants in the competition, Born in Eloid and never committed crimes, the rest were extremely audience. Women for a holiday were not allowed at all. Everyone olympic Athlete was obliged to train at least 10 months a year and have excellent physical shape.
Athletes comes in running, later in the struggle and races on the chariots.
The winners received special respect, were awarded wreaths from Olive twigs, palm branches, cash prizes or meat reserves and other food.
Ancient Olympic Games have always attracted a huge number of spectators and participants. Traders used this to commit different transactions, art figures acquainted people with their creations.
Olympiad in ancient Rome
In 146 to our era, Rome subjugated Greece. The Romans were not forbidden to hold the Olympic celebrations, but they stopped wearing a sporty character. Olympic Games turned into a bloody spectacle. In the stadiums were held brutal battles. Gladiators beat each other to death, fought with bulls and fierce wild animals.
By the end of the IV century, the Christian faith came to Rome, after which the government's government decided to abandon the Olympic Games, as from the pagan holiday. And war and natural disasters over time and erased Olympia from the face of the earth.
Revival of the Olympic traditions
In the XVIII century, German scientists were interested in archaeological finds made in the ancient Olympia district. Antique excavations sports facilities led to the emergence of the idea of \u200b\u200bresuming Olympic playing, as a powerful incentive for development sports culture Among the population.
A special contribution to the return of the Olympic traditions made a public figure from France Baron Pierre de Cubertret. In his opinion, the European youth of that time had a slightly developed physical form, but it could change the appearance of regular sports Competition. In addition, through peaceful athletic contests, young people would have ability to demonstrate your courage and power Without bloodshed and manifestations of toughness.
In 1894, an important international event dedicated to the development of sports is held in Paris. It is there that the message of the French baron sounds about the desire to resume the Olympic traditions. The idea gets support for influential people. And the International Olympic Committee appears in the same momentant - new organizationpromoting the development of sports movement and maintaining healthy image Life. Pierre de Cuberthane is provided with one of the leading positions in the Committee.
The summer of 1896 is marked by the first modern Olympic competitions. They pass in Greek Athens and become a real event in the whole cultural world. Participation in games take the best athletes Of the 14 states.
1924 is marked in the history of the organization of the first winter Olympic Games. Their appearance is associated with the development of numerous winter species Sports. Currently the difference between winter and summer games Makes up two years.
Games of modern times
Olympic Games Now they are solely a sporty character and have nothing to do with religion. They are organized in different countriesthat is, do not have a permanent venue. In parallel competitions for healthy participants competitions for disabled athletes are held.
In 1913 there was a special attribute olympic holiday - five bonded Olympic rings, symbolizing the unity of five parts of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and America. Since 1936, the Olympic torch has been made in the country where the Olympic torch is being held and maintain its fire until the end of all sporting events.
Today, as in antiquity, olympic champions enjoy special honors After all, they protect not only their own honor, but also the prestige of their country. In addition, as in Antique Greece, the Olympiad is currently a grand holiday with a number of lush ceremonies, whose witnesses, fortunately, can become anyone.
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