Modern sport - This is a huge money. No one no longer surprise the multimillion fees of the winners of large sports Sports. I wonder how the winners were awarded Olympic Games in Ancient Greece?

The main award winner of the ancient Olympiad was a laurel wreath, branches for which they cut off from the Sacred Olive, grew near the temple of Zeus. Moreover, the branches should have cut off the Golden knife a boy from a notable family. There was another condition: this boy should have both parents alive.

The Olympic champion was awarded in the presence of numerous audience, the speaker praised the winner and his homeland. And when leaving the stadium, enthusiastic fans often carried the champion in their arms.

The next reward was held at the return of the hero of the Olympiad to her homeland. Enthusiastic countrymen expressed their admiration for champion and, as a sign of gratitude for glorifying his hometown, handed material reward. In Athens, the law was even published in which the winner of the Olympiad received 500 drachms.

The poets wrote laudatory ODD to their compatriots who were performed by the choir. In addition, the winner of the games had the right to establish his statue in Olympia. The whole question was only in financing. If the athlete came from a notable family, he could pay the order for the manufacture of statues, but most often the funds were highlighted by the hometown of the winner or some of the rich patrons. Often the most famous masters worked on sculptures, respectively, the fee was considerable. Presses were often decorated with verses dedicated to the champion.

As you can see, winners of games in ancient Greece used general respect. But in 394, the Olympic Games were banned by the Roman emperor Feodosius I, who called them a "remnant of paganism". The break lasted over 1500 years.

Only in 1896, on the initiative of Baron Pierre de Couberten, the first Olympic games of modern times took place in Athens. They were forbidden to perform professionals, therefore, for substantial material remuneration, the winners of the first Olympiads could not count.

In this regard, it is possible to recall an interesting case that occurred in 1912 at Stockholm games. The winner in the athletics pentathlon and a decade was the American Indian Jim Porp. Shortly after the Olympics, one of the meticulous journalists found a note in the newspaper that the Torp across a few years before the games performed for the semi-professional baseball team, and received small money.

The Olympic Committee reacted immediately, the carpet was deprived of the title of champion and was forced to return his awards. Athlete was rehabilitated only in 1983, however, the athlete himself died out of 30 years before this event.

The winner of the Olympic Games got along with an olive wreath (this tradition went from 752 to AD) and the magenta ribbons are universal recognition. He became one of the most respected people in his city (for the residents of whom the victory of the countryman at the Olympics was also a great honor), he was often freed from state duties, they gave other privileges. Olympionics were rewarded at home and posthumous honors. And according to the 6 V administered. BC. Practice, the three-time winner of the games could put his statue in Altis.

The first of the Olympionics known to us became Coreb of Elida cook by professionwho won the run to one stages in 776 year BC

The most famous - and the only one in the history of the ancient Olympic Games Athlete, who defeated on 6 Olympiad, - was "the strongest among the strong", wrestler Milon. of Croton. The native of the Greek City-Colony Croton (south of modern Italy) and, according to some reports, Pythagora's student, he won his first victory in the 60th Olympiad (540 BC) in competitions among young men. From 532 to AD. 516 BC BC. He won another 5 Olympic titles - already among adult athletes. In 512 BC Mylon, who was over 40 years old, tried to win his seventh title, but lost to a younger opponent. Olympionics Milon also has also been a repeated winner of the Pythi, Easty, Unay Games and many local competitions. Mention of it can be found in the works of Pausania, Cicero and other authors.

Another outstanding athlete - Leonidof Rhodes - On four Olympics in a row (164 BC - 152 BC) won in three "running" disciplines: in running on one and two stageas well as in run with weapons.

Astil of Croton He entered the history of the ancient Olympic Games not only as one of the record holders in the number of victories (6 - in running on one and two stage at games from 488 BC. 480 BC). If at the first of his Olympiad Astil spoke for Croton, then on the two following - for Syracuse. Former fellow countrymen revenge for betrayal: the statue of the champion in Crotone was demolished, and his former house was turned into prison.

In the history of the ancient Greek Olympic games, there are entire Olympic dynasties. So, grandfather's fight champion Poseidora of Rhodes Diaur, as well as his native uncle Akusilai. and Damaget Also were Olympionics. Diagore, whose exclusive durability and honesty in boxing fights won him a huge respect of the audience and there were vanity in Pindara, became an eyellinity of the Olympic victories of his sons - respectively, in Boxing and Pankration. (According to legend, when the grateful sons watered their champion wreaths on their heads and raised him on the shoulders, one of the hands-up spectators exclaimed: "Umci, Diagora, die! Umci because you have nothing more desired from life! " And the excited Diagoras immediately died in her hands in her sons.)

Many olympionics were distinguished by exceptional physical data. For example, the champion in running two stage (404 years BC) Lasphenu of Musi. attributed to the victory in an unusual competition with a horse, and Aegea of Argos.who won the long distance (328 BC), then jogging, without making a single stop in the way, overcame the distance from Olympia to his hometown, to quickly bring joyful messages to countrymen. Victory sought and due to peculiar technology. So, extremely hardy and movable boxer Melancom of Caly, Winner of the Olympic Games of 49 years old, During the fight he constantly kept his hands stretched forward, at the expense of which he left the strikes of the enemy, and at the same time it was extremely rarely assigned response strikes, - after all, exhausted physically and emotionally, the opponent recognized His defeat. And about the winner of the Olympic Games of 460 BC. in ridder Ladasa of Argos.they said that he was running so easy that he would not even leave traces on Earth.

Among the participants and winners of the Olympic Games were such famous scientists as Demosthenes, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Pythagoras, Hippocrates. And they competed not only in elegant arts. For instance, Pythagoras was champion in cutting battle, but Plato by pankration.

IN 394 year of our era - the decree of the Roman emperor Feodosia I. Olympic Games were forbidden. His heir FeodosiusII. After a few decades, there was a decree on the destruction of pagan temples.

The tradition of encouraging the financial winners of the Olympic Games is beginning since the foundation of the competition in ancient Greece, when the victory in competitions provided an athlete to a comfortable future life.

What are the fees now olympic championsFrom whom they receive them, how much the state "cost" the victory of athletes at the games found out the Soviet sport.

The budget itself of the Organization and the Competitions costs the "host" country to huge money. So, the budget of the latter summer Olympiad Rio amounted to 10 billion dollars and this at a time when the country was shaking the strongest economic crisis.

For comparison, Barcelona in 1992 it cost this event in 7 billion, Athens - at 11 billion, and London spent almost 15 billion dollars at all. And the budget of the Winter Sochi Olympiad, taking into account the training of infrastructure, according to official data, cost Russia almost $ 30 billion! At the same time, the Foundation for the fight against corruption mentioned almost 1.5 trillion rubles, reports "SS".

Investments in the organization and holding of the Olympic Games do not end in financial costs. Each country provides certain amounts for financially promoting their champions.

So, Taiwan allocates 628 thousand dollars for gold medalAnd Italy provides more "modest" fee - 168 thousand dollars. Although there are exceptions, some countries will not fundamentally borrow their winners. For example, the United States, which is financially practically involved in the promotions of athletes. Public fees replaces the existing sponsorship system in the country.

So, what about Russia encourage their Olympic champions?

To begin with, the winner receives gifts from the state. Thus, each Gold Medalist of the Sochi Olympiad - 2014 was thanked 4 million rubles. The price of "silver" is 2.7 million rubles, and "Bronze" - 1.7.

It is noteworthy that Russia generally went to an unprecedented step: when they broke out doping scandalThe country decided to encourage even those athletes who were not allowed to participate in the Olympic Games in Rio. So, Elena Isinbaeva and Sergey Schubenkov received 4 million rubles. In addition to them, 42 people were in the list of payments, "SS" reported.

In addition to the fees from the country, the Olympians receive awards from the "Olympic Support Fund of Russia", which includes a number of major billionaire-patrons, such as Oleg Deripaska, Roman Abramovich, Vladimir Lisin, Mikhail Prokhorov and Alisher Usmanov. According to official data, membership fees are 80 million rubles per person.

From the funds of this fund allocated money not only for development sports programs, but also for premium winners of the Olympiad. As a rule, remuneration is expressed in gifts such as cars and apartments. In 2010 and 2012, new Audi served as a gift, in 2014 - MERCEDES SUVs, and in 2016 - BMW.

At the same time, not all athletes leave so expensive gifts. Often the champions are put up for sale presented cars, while pointing out in the announcement that a new foreign car was obtained for victory in the Olympic Games. So, one of the winners of the competition, sold its car for 4,670 million rubles.

On this gifts, the Olympians do not end. Cash premiums expect winners and on arrival to the native region, where the amount of remuneration varies depending on the "wealth" of the region. So, golden medalist Games in Rio cyclineer Olga Zabelinskaya received a fee from Leningrad region in the amount of 1.5 million rubles.

Payments to the medalists of the Winter Sochi Games of 2014 by regions in US dollars. Data from open Internet sources.

In 2016, Krasnodar Territory decided to promote not only medalists, but also of all participants representing the region on games. The payment range varied from 2 million rubles for "gold" and up to 250 "consolation" thousand rubles for participation.

Omsk gymnast Vera Biryukova for gold in the team all-around rhythmic gymnastics Conducted financial incentives from the region's authorities in the amount of three million rubles.

This financial promotion does not end. More modest fees come from the center from the center sports training. There, medals evaluate in the following way: "Gold" in all sports - "worth" 200 thousand rubles, "silver" - 100, bronze - 60 thousand rubles.

Little to graduates of the Center for Sports Training, which won the Olympic Games, is relied on a lifelong state scholarship in the amount of 32 thousand rubles.

Not all sports organizations are on state subsidies. Nevertheless, in private federals, financial promotions look more interesting for athletes.

So, according to the "SS", Sophia Great for the victory in the Olympic Games in Rio received one million euros, Yana Yegoryan - 1.2 million euros.

If you fold all the material promotions of Yana Yegoryan, which she received for two gold medals, her income will be 16.7 million rubles.

A lot is interesting and how athletes live in periods between games. At this time, the future participants of the Olympiad continue to participate in competitions and fees.

At the same time, the athletes fully pay for accommodation, the road to fees, four-time meals and give the daily in the currency of the country where they are. In fact, there is no need to spend personal funds at the athlete. And the salary of the future member of the Russian national team, as reported by SS, is about 300 thousand rubles per month, and somewhere above, especially, especially considering sponsorship investments.

But sponsorship influxers are impressive bonuses to all state fees. Thus, Kokschezhezz Viktor An After the victory in the Sochi Games I got a contract with Samsung, who brought the athlete, according to the "SS", up to 200 thousand dollars. And in 2008, the champion of Games in Beijing Elena Isinbaeva Sponsorship provided a fee of 1.5 million euros.

So, despite the impressive income of the Olympians from sponsorship contracts, Russia continues to invest in the athletes sensitive to the country's budget. Russia spent $ 2,374,000 for prizes to their athletes. In larger amounts, the victory of the Olympians only Italy and Japan.

Olympic games in ancient Greece. Silver instead of gold

As soon as they did not receive the winners of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece! But there was never medals in this impressive list. The most common type of award was considered a wreath made from olive. There are cases when the winners were given gold coins, and in fair quantities. Something it resembles prizes for successful performances.

Pierre de Cubenen from the very beginning she hasnden to the idea of \u200b\u200bawarding the winners. And originally, Baron wanted to revive the Greek tradition to lay on the heads of the Olympic champions wreath. And here Couterret and his comrades rolled a little from the Greek path to Roman. According to the initial project, the athlete who took the first place was to receive a laurel wreath. This was put on the head of the Roman commander, who deserved triumph. I must say that from this idea the Baron refused quickly. Most likely because in Europe end XIX. The century Lavr was not appreciated as in ancient Rome.

Laving a laurel wreath on the winner's head. (Wikipedia.org)

Then the idea of \u200b\u200bmedals was born. Officially, they were approved as the main Olympic award at the I Olympic Congress in 1894. That's just originally medals were only two. The winner is from silver with gilding, and the athlete, which became the second, from Bronze. The same story was repeated in Paris in 1900. And only in 1904, when the Olympics took the American Saint Luis, noted by honorable signs decided not two, but three athletes. But until gold again did not come. The winner received a medal made of silver, but covered with gold enamel. And then the IOC and decided that it was probably not very correct, and the champions of the next Olympics, London, in 1908 first received medals made of pure gold.

This, in turn, led to a decrease in the size of the awards. However, it was in 1908 that the tradition existing to this day was formed: the winner receives gold, the second prize is silver, the third - bronze.

First Olympic Games 1896. Narquato Tradition

Initially, IOC ruled that the medal should be round. In addition, a reference to ancient Greece was very important. That is why on medals manufactured for the Olympics in Athens (1896), it can be seen from one side the image of Zeus, and on the other - the acropolis. The Acropolis appeared on medals as well in 1900 and 1904, but proud British in 1908 replaced the ancient Greek temple by the image of St. George riding a horse.

However, the French survived all. The medals of the Paris Olympiad of 1900 were not even called medals. For not quite clear reasons, they had a rectangular shape, and in official protocols they were called plaques. True, all this was done with the consent of the IOC.

Pierre de Coubertin. (Wikipedia.org)

In 1904, medals returned the initial round shape. Such they remain to this day. Another curious detail. For a long time, medals had no ribbons. The awards were presented to the winners and the medals right in the hands, and did not wear on the neck. Olympic Charter, approximately from the beginning of the 20s of the twentieth century, was very strictly regulated by all that at least somehow concerned the award ceremony. The indents from the letter of the Olympic law was strictly precurable or, in any case, were not encouraged.

However, the Organizing Committee of the Summer Olympiad of 1960 (Rome) decided to risk. Thin bronze chains were made in the form of olive branches, which were attached to medals from above and allowed them to hang them on the neck of the winners. The IOC was simply deceived by the IOC, representing the medal's inspection commission without chains. And at the first award ceremony, the girls who made medals gave with them small scissors so that they could quickly cut and remove chains if representatives Olympic Committee Stay dissatisfied. IOC, however, came to delight. Since then, tapes and chains have become an integral part of the Olympic medals.

Multiple cavars

This is the traditional part of our heading, and sin from it to refuse. Here, however, you need to remember a fairly simple rule. The IOC takes primarily the number of victories, and not the total number of medals. So a person who won two gold medals will be higher than those who have forty pieces, but the highest dignity medal is only one.

The most titled athlete in the history of the Olympiads everyone perfectly knows. This is our contemporary - American Michael Phelps. This swimmer has 20 gold medals! The specificity of the competition is such that if someone ever surrenders the athlete on nicknamed flying fish, then obviously it will be a swimmer. Pursuers are hopeless.

The winners of the Roman Olympiad of the 1960s received medals on chains: Raffer Johnson, USA (gold, center), Jan Chuanguan, Taiwan (silver, left), Vasily Kuznetsov, USSR (bronze):

Winners. (Wikipedia.org)

Nine-time champions occupy the second, third, fourth and fifth lines in the list of the most titled Olympians. Among them soviet gymnast Larisa Latynina, Finnish athlete Paavo Nurmi and two Americans - Swimmer Mark Spezts and Sprinter Karl Lewis. Until recently, Usain Bolt was also here. However, the Jamaican runner was deprived of one of the gold medals. The urban doping became guilt, which was found from his partner on the sprinter relay.

Well, among the most titled athletes in history winter Olympiad The leader is extremely Norwegians. And their names and surnames are consonant. Here are three eight-round champion: Skier Marit Bjergen, Skier Björn Delhi and Biathlonist Ule Einar Bjorndalen. At the same time, Bjergen burst into this company literally a month ago, when he won two gold at the Olympics in Phenchhan. As a result, the skier turned out to be higher and Bjorne Delhi, and Bjorndalena, for all of its personal collection of 15 awards of various dignity.

The most titled domestic athletes in the history of winter Olympiads - Skating Lydia Skoblikova, Skier love Egorova and Short Trekist Viktor An. They won six victories at the Olympics. An, however, half of these awards won, speaking for the national team of South Korea. In those days, he was still called An Hyun Su.

Games in Olympia are the most ambitious sports and religious holiday in ancient Greece. Olympia games were held every five years from the beginning of the VIII century. BC e. And at the beginning of the IV century. n. e.

Who participated in the Olympiad

Participation in games could only take full ones. Even watching the Olympic Games were allowed not to all, women were categorically forbidden to visit this sight.

Competitions lasted five days, the first half was completely dedicated sports competitions, the second was dedicated to sacrifices, femors and awarding winners.

During the game, it was forbidden to conduct any warlike actions, the so-called "sacred world" was announced. The violators cruelly caught, although basically it was a very impressive fine.

The winners of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece became the national heroes, who remembered in the centuries, they brought fame to their city-state, for which they often put a statue from marble, and also dedicated songs.

To participate in competitions, the athlete was supposed to prove that she trained at least 10 months before the start of the Games. In addition, he should not have any crimes on the account.

Players competed in various competitions whose environments are: four types of running, fist fight, struggle, pentatlon, horse run. The games were completed by running goplites - players with a shield, in the helmet and in laterally.

Moreover, at the very beginning of the game, they were limited only to running, then all new and new competitions were added. Athletes performed on games exclusively naked.