AND two-time champion World in Cross Emily Chebet. Four leaders of the Kenyan athletic federation were temporarily suspended IAAF in November 2015 on suspicion of financial and doping frauds. In May 2016, the World Anti-Doping Agency announced the Kenyan Anti-Doping Agency "Not Relevant Conditions". Seven coaches and agents in Kenya were charged with the assistance of doping by Kenyan athletes. In June, the IOC ordered international federations on appropriate sports to allow Kenyan athletes to the Olympic Games individually, after passing with additional anti-doping tests. At the end of July, the head of the Kenyan National Olympic Committee of the Kipicoge Keino announced that Kenyan athletes would pass doping tests "without any problems."
Russia
On July 3, the Russian Olympic Committee and 68 Russian athletes filed a lawsuit in a sports arbitration court in Lausanne (CAS). The consideration of the case was scheduled for July 19, the CAS verdict announced on July 21 - Russian athletes were not allowed to speak at the Olympics.
Russian athletes admitted to the Olympiad
The first Russian athlete admitted to the Olympics in an individual order was the rungy of Julia Stepanov. The IAAF report said that the athlete would be able to speak not under the Russian, but under the Olympic flag. To admit to the Olympics Yulia Stepanov asked the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), due to the fact that the athlete and her husband Vitaly Stepanov, who left in the United States, were recognized as important info anti-doping agency. However, on July 24, IOC did not allow Stepanov on the game, since she had previously worn in doping.
The rights to perform on the games achieved another 8 more russian athletes . IAAF rejected all relevant applications for participation in international competitions, except one - from the jumper in the length of Daria Clinic. She was the only athletes able to participate in Olympic Gamesah in Rio de Janeiro under the Russian flag.
Headlights
Azerbaijan
After 7 weightlifts of Azerbaijan were disqualified due to positive results on doping tests in different competitions, the Azerbaijani team lost two Olympic licenses, and dropping out in the team competition for the 31st place, in general, all licenses.
Bulgaria
In March 2015, Bulgaria's heavy athletics team was disqualified after doping samples of 11 team members gave positive results. In the autumn of the same year, the International Federation heavy Athletics Bulgarian weightlifters did not allow Bulgarian games to participate in the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, and in January 2016 the Sports Arbitration Court supported the decision of the IWF on removal and rejected the appeal of the Bulgarian Federation of Heavy Athletics.
Russia
The international federation of heavy athletics disqualified the entire Russian national team. Thus, Russian weightlifters are completely removed from participation in the Olympics - 2016
The Republic of Kazakhstan
On June 24, 2016, the Executive Committee and the Congress of the International Federation of Heavy Athletics were deprived of Kazakhstan with one male and one female licenses for the upcoming Olympic Games.
June 25, 2016 by the decision of the Disciplinary Commission of the International Federation of Heavy Athletics disqualified Kazakh rods: Almas Utyshov (with deprivation of medals) and Emerek Oomartay for four years, Zhasulan Kydyrbayev (with deprivation of medals) for eight years. In doping samples of athletes, during the World Cup in Houston, prohibited anabolic androgenic steroids were discovered due to the use of doping Russian male team in Belarus
The male team of Belarus rowing on kayaks and canoe is disqualified for violating the doping rules and will not perform at the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. On July 16, a message was received that the Executive Committee of the International Canoe Federation (ICF) removes the male team of Belarus on rowing on kayaks and canoes, including coaches, medical and service personnel, from international Competition For a period of one year. The Sports Arbitration Court in Lausanne (CAS) rejected the lawsuit of the Belarusian rowing team on kayaks and canoe to disqualify the team of the international rowing federation. The reason was the decision of the International Federation of Canoe on the Redistribution of Olympic quotas of July 18, 2016.
The final action on the main stage of Brazil was accompanied by a shower, which slightly spoiled the mood to the participants of the "parade of heroes", viewers in the stands and organizers of the ceremony. Although those who leave Rio in good mood, with a sense of accomplished debt and with a conquered medal, such a trifle like rain, hardly spoiled the impression of the first Olympic Games in South America.
Medal test
Sputnik, Maria Tsimintia
Few people doubted that the US team would win the US team. In 1992, during Games in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bthe Americans took the second line, giving way to the Joint Team of the CIS. Since then, they have invariably found themselves in the leaders of the team standings. The only "misfire" happened in Beijing in 2008, where they gave way to the Chinese leadership.
© Reuters / Pawel Kopczynski
The British, who, at Games in Barcelona (1992) and Atlanta (1996), did not even fall into the top ten, and in Sydney (2000) and Athens (2004), it was closed, became the second.
Russia before the penultimate competitive day led the desperate struggle with Germany for the fourth line and ultimately was able to get ahead of the competitors, won the two gold more. The final medal of the highest dignity into the piggy bank of the Russian team brought a wrestling fighter Sosland Ramonov.
The Georgian team at the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro won seven medals and according to the total number of conquered awards repeated the result of London Games. However, surpassed them in a qualitative ratio. Four years ago, Georgians only rose to the highest stage of the podium. This time the Georgian Hymn sounded twice in Rio de Janeiro.
Georgian medalists XXXI Summer Olympic Games
Lasha Talahadze (heavy athletics, +105 kg)
Vladimir Khinchegashvili (free struggle, -57 kg)
Varlam Leapaders (judo, -90 kg)
Lasha Shavdatahvili (judo, -73 kg)
Irakli Turmanidze (weightlifting, +105 kg)
Shmagi Bolkvadze ( greco-Roman wrestling, -66 kg)
Geno Petriashvili (free struggle, -125 kg)
© Reuters / Stoyan Nenov
It is impossible not to note the amazing progress of the Azerbaijani Olympians, who in Games in Brazil won 18 medals (1-7-10). London indicator they exceeded eight awards.
Heroes of the Olympics ...
The swimmer Michael Phelps, who, for a moment, for 31 years, again "came, saw, won." On games in Rio, the American won five gold medals and began 23 (!) To a multiple Olympic champion. It is difficult to even assume that someone will at least succeed in approaching such indicators in the near future.
© Photo: Sputnik / Alexander Wilf
Michael Phelps (USA), who won a gold medal in swimming for 200 meters complex among men, at the award ceremony of the XXXI Summer Olympic Games.
American katie ice (swimming) and simona baylz ( gymnastics) Slightly behind Phelps, winning four gold.
© Photo: Sputnik / Alexey Filippov
Yamaican Sprinter Usain Bolt again won three gold medals: 100 meters, 200 meters and 4x100 relay, becoming a nine-time Olympic champion. On the last three Olympics, the bolt invariably won in these disciplines.
© Photo: Sputnik / Konstantin Chalabov
Usain Bolt (Jamaica) after the finish of the final race 200 m during men's competitions athletics At the XXXI Summer Olympics.
... and "Heroes of the Olympics"
Attests of the women's US women's team in the semi-finals of the 4x100 meters relay, the relay wand dropped and could not be qualified into a decisive race. The Americans filed an appeal, stating that Brazilian athletes were prevented. The appeal was satisfied. The US national team was allowed to run the semifinals in proud loneliness. With a repeated race, they showed time better than rivals from China, and the latter "asked" from the final. The appeal of Asian athletes was not satisfied, and the Americans became Olympic champions.
Georgian heroes Rio
If you do not take into account the Georgian athletes who won medals on games in Rio, that is, Georgia and other heroes, who conquered the hearts of fans not only in their homeland, but also in the world.
Kanoist ZAZ Nadiradze was insanely happy when he was able to qualify for the Olympics. About the bigger did not even even dream. But Nadirase successfully acted in qualifying and passed to the semifinals of canoeing competitions at a distance of 200 meters. In the semifinals, he finished first, leaving behind the acting Olympic championships Ukrainian Yuri Chebana and four-time World and Europe Champion Valentina Demyanenko. But the final was affected by nervousness and lack of experience in participating in competitions of such rank. As a result, Nadirase took the fifth place, but won the hearts of thousands of fans.
© Reuters / Murad Sezer
Olympic champion Seoul (1988) in the shooting from the sports pistol Nino Salukvadze arrived in Rio to his eighth careers. Unique achievement among women in this sport. Salukvadze was able to reach the final of the competition, but in the end remained without a medal. Already after the completion of the speeches, she said that he would most likely be preparing for the Olympics in Tokyo - the ninth.
© Reuters / Edgard Garrido
David Harazishvili became the first in the history of Georgia by the Marathonz, who won a license for Oi. Georgian athlete started well, but on the 25th kilometer felt a sharp pain in the side. He did not run almost two kilometers, but he just walked and even thought to play with the distance. However, he found courage and crossed the finish line. As a result, he took the 72nd place, but was in the first half of the finished and left the 93 athlete behind himself.
40 Georgian athletes went to the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, which is a record indicator. For the first time in the history of independent Georgia, the country was presented in such sports as: Women's weightlifting (Anastasia Gottfried), female judo (Esther Stam), the pushing of the kernel in men (Benic Abrahamyan), jumping in the height in women (Valentina Lyashenko).
Green water Rio
Water in the pool of the center of water sports Rio de Janeiro, where competitions in water jumps were to be held, unexpectedly discounted that even technical staff was put in a dead end. Later it turned out that this was due to 160 liters of hydrogen peroxide, accidentally poured into the pool. The substance neutralized chlorine, which contributed to the growth of "organic compounds", including maritime algae. Despite the fact that the water did not imagine the threats to the health of athletes, they still had to be replaced.
In 2016, the following Olympic Summer Games will be held in South America for the first time. Competitions will be held in Brazil in the period from 5-21 August.
Conducting the 2016 Olympics
Applications for this large-scale event began to be submitted for another 2007. Countries such as USA, Azerbaijan, Japan, Spain, Qatar, Brazil and the Czech Republic took part in the competition. As a result, four finalist cities were chosen: Rio de Janeiro, Chicago, Madrid and Tokyo. In 2009, after several rounds, international olympic CommitteeFinally, decided to pass the Olympics, and chose the winner - City in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.
Rio de Janeiro
Up to this point, the country submitted a request several times, but never reached the final. According to approximate data, more than 12,000 athletes from 205 countries will take part in the games. There will be 306 sets of medals. Currently, the budget of this event is 2.93 billion dollars, without taking into account the financial costs of the government to develop infrastructure at the Olympic Games. This amount is associated with increasing inflation, using the most innovative technologies, as well as with a change in rules in some programs.
It is worth noting that the competition program has not undergone any global changes compared with previous games that took place in UKHowever, it was slightly expanded. The following sports added to it: beach football, Golf, Street basketball and simplified rugby version. Olympiad, passing in Rio in 2016, will be the world's first environmentally friendly competition.
Especially for this event, the Swiss company Rafaa built a large-scale artificial waterfall working with solar batteries, and accumulating the energy of the Sun throughout the light day. It is assumed that the performance of this unique design will be enough in order to provide electricity not only the Olympic village, but also the city itself. What else distinctive features will have a summer Olympiad in 2016? The authorities of the city presented a unique system of movement Bus Rapid Transit.. This is modern vehiclewill deliver people to different sports objectsBy moving on specially allocated strips that bind the Western and Northern regions of Rio de Janeiro.
Olympic facilities
The organizers of the event allocated several main zones for competitions.
Most of the sports will be held in Barre. For these purposes, several Olympic facilities are built here. In Water Park, Maria Lenk is planned to conduct competitions in water jumps, as well as water polo. Competitions in sports and rhythmic gymnastics will be held at the Olympic Arena. For such sports as a boxing and weightlifting, a separate zone will be highlighted - a riocenter. Basketball competitions will be held in the Olympic Halls, as well as various types martial arts. In addition, there is a tennis center and Velodore in Barre.
In this zone are planned to hold the following sports:
- rowing slalom;
- mountainbike;
- shooting;
- pentathlon;
- fencing;
- equestrian competitions.
This large-scale object is one of the most popular football stadiums
worldwide. It is here that the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games will be held, as well as the Football Championship, in which not only Rio de Janeiro will take part, but also other Brazilian cities. In addition, this zone is an object Joao Avelana, where athletics competitions will be held, and sports complex Maracanziny, designed for volleyball competitions. Specially for press representatives, in Maracan, Barre and Deodoro, small Olympic villages will be built.
Copacabana is one of the most beautiful and famous beaches in the world, where the organizers are planning to conduct the following water competitions:
- sailing;
- swimming;
- triathlon;
- rowing.
Symbols and talismans
The 2016 Olympics will be held under the auspices of talismans, which are collective images of Brazilian flora and fauna: a yellow animal that resembles an externally cat, as well as a blue-green plant, in which the features of an exotic tree and flower are traced. As a result of the voting conducted on the Internet, the talismans received names Tom and Vinysiius, in honor of the famous Brazilian musicians. 
When developing a visual image of the Olympic Games, the main goal of the designers was to create a solemn and festive atmosphere for guests of Rio de Janeiro. It can see the main attributes and value of the city, as well as elements that emphasize its variability and passion. In addition, the appearance was reflected in the places of famous Brazilian cities, in which football competitions will be held in 2016: Belo Horizonte, Brazilia and Sao Paulo. The visual image of the Olympiad can be seen on posters, tickets, as well as on all sports facilities where competitions will be held. Medals for athletes will be manufactured from precious metals, which are obtained from the processing of electrical appliances. In Brazil, it is planned to release about 5000 Medals For awarding and 75,000 memorable medals.
Question price
Many sport fans are concerned about how much tickets for the 2016 Olympics standing in Brazil? The event organizers provided information that the price of the cheapest ticket will be 14 euros, and the most expensive - 420 euros. As you know, the most ambitious and memorable event is the opening and closing ceremony of the Olympic Games. In order for it to get, guests of the event will have to spend at least 1000 euros. You can buy tickets at the beginning of 2015 on a specialized site.
Volunteering
The organizers of the 2016 Olympiad plan to attract about 60,000 volunteers. The deadline for filing applications lasted until the end of 2014. Anyone, over 18 years old, could offer its services, regardless of nationality and gender. Candidates with selected candidates will hold special online training on which they will be familiar with the peculiarities of the work performed, as well as with the place where they should be held sports. During the game, all volunteers will be provided with free power and appropriate equipment. However, they need to get to Rio at the expense of their own financial resources. After the event is completed, all volunteers will receive certificates and exclusive gifts.
Readiness for Olympiad
It is worth noting that at present, the International Olympic Committee considers that Brazil is not fully ready for this event, as the organizers lack for this fundamental funds, as a result of which they do not fit on time. The IOC also notes that the financing of all preparatory work is carried out with large delays. Many sports facilities in the country are not yet completed, besides, in Rio de Janeiro, there is still no necessary infrastructure and there is a shortage of numbers in hotel complexes. 
In addition, the Gayanabar Bay, where they should be held sport competitions rowing on canoeing and kayaks, as well as sailing, strongly pollutedAnd at present the Brazilian authorities are engaged in cleaning it. However, the Olympic Committee declares that all pollution will be removed by the beginning of the ceremony. The press appeared information that the venue summer Olympiad In 2016, it may be changed. According to some reports, representatives of the IOC were already interested in colleagues from the UK, whether the organization of this event is possible in London, to which they received the answer that the city is able to spend the Olympic Games for the second time in a row. However, no there were no official statements about this. Currently, the International Olympic Committee has adopted a number of decisions that are aimed at stabilizing the situation. Its representatives expressed their readiness to help the Brazilian organizers to implement part of the projects, as well as constantly monitor the preparation process for the Olympiad in order to be conducted at the highest level.
In terms of the situation of 2015, the Olympics will not be transferred and it will take place in Rio de Janeiro.
XXXI Summer Olympic Games Will be held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These will be the first Olympic Games, which will be held in South America.
Choosing a city
The process of filing applications started on May 16, 2007 and ended on September 13 of the same year. Baku (Azerbaijan), Doha (Qatar), Madrid (Spain), Prague (Czech Republic), Rio de Japan (Brazil), Tokyo (Japan) and Chicago (USA) were submitted to their games.
On June 4, 2008, four finalists were chosen from among these cities: Madrid, Rio de Janeiro, Tokyo and Chicago.
President of IOC Jacques Rogge announces Rio de Janeiro winner in the process of choosing the city of the XXXI Summer Olympic Games
By the way, earlier Rio de Janeiro filed an application for the Summer Olympic Games 1936, 1940, 2004 and 2012, but never got into the number of cities participating in the final voting.
Maracan Stadium, on which the main events of the 2016 Olympics are held
Symbolism
Brazilian media suspected the creators of the 2016 Olympics logo in the plagiarism. According to journalists, they found significant similarities with the Logo of the American Charitable Foundation Telluride Foundation, which is working in Telleride, Colorado.
On both logos are stylized figures of people who dance, holding hands. However, on the Logo of the Olympics three figures, and on the Foundation logo Four figures, and their common silhouette resembles a heart.
Designers all charges reject. In the company that has developed the logo, claim that the TELLURIDE FOUNDATION sign has never seen. According to the head of the company, before submitting his work to the public, they conducted large-scale studies to be unique.
On July 3, 2015, the Organizing Committee of the Games presented the design of the Olympic Torch. Its surface is covered with small triangles that symbolize the main Olympic values \u200b\u200b- perfection, friendship and mutual respect. Multicolored wavy lines personify the efforts of athletes. These lines are not originally visible, but are revealed at the moment of burning torch. This process was called the "kiss of torches".
Line colors symbolize the sea, mountains, sky and sun, as well as the colors of the Brazil flag. The torch is made of recycled aluminum and comedy, and also has a satin decoration. It weighs from 1 kg to 1.5 kg, height is 63.5 cm in a closed form and 69 cm in the open.
Talismans
In November 2014, the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee presented two talismans of future games - the animal Vinysiush and the plant volume. They called them as a result of the voting, arranged by the inhabitants of Brazil, in honor of the two great Brazilian composers.
Talismans of the Olympiad in Rio - Vinysiusch and Tom
Vinysiusus was born as a result of the "explosion of joy" on the announcement day of Rio de Janeiro Olympic capital on October 2, 2009. But he himself suggests not counting its exact number of years. Vinysiush is a mixture of all famous Brazilian animals. He has very flexible hands and legs, quickly runs, jumps high and can imitate the speech of many types of fauna. Vinysiusch lives in Tisuce - the largest urban forest area, from where a wonderful view of Rio opens.
Tom - Paralympic Maskot, a magical creature, which united all plants of Brazilian forests. Tom was also born as a result of the "explosion of joy," which covered Brazil after announcement of the capital of the summer Games 2016. Tom loves the Brazilian Samba very much, reads books and, of course, knows a lot about the nature of his country. He prefers to relax in the lily flower in the waters of the lake. His mission is to help look in creativity and determination. And, of course, have fun.
Kinds of sports
The XXXI Summer Olympic Games program was decided to include rugby-7 competitions (simplified rugby version) and golf.
Both of these species at one time were presented in the Olympic program.
Golfists on summer games Competed on just two Olympiads - and years. Then golf was excluded from the list olympic species Sports.
Rugby tournament was first conducted in and since then included in trej's program Subsequent Olympics. In the same Paris, but already, rugby for a long time I said goodbye to the Olympic Games.
Kinds of sports
- Academic rowes
- Badminton
- Basketball
- Boxing
- Fight
- Cycling
- Water polo
- Volleyball
- Handball
- Golf
- Rowing on kayaks and canoeing
- Judo
- Horseback Riding
- Athletics
- Table tennis
- Sailing
- Swimming
- Diving
Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) will be held in 2016 and will be held from 5 to 21 August. This Olympiad is notable for the fact that it will be the first Olympic Games that South America will take. And now among repeated continents, not counting Antarctica, one Africa remains, never who has ever made this large-scale event.
How Rio became the capital
At the 2016 Olympics, 8 cities initially claimed, but four finalists were chosen for the final vote: Madrid (Spain), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Tokyo (Japan) and Chicago (USA). The choice of the capital took place in Copenhagen (Denmark) at the 121st session of the IOC on October 2, 2009.
Voting passed to the maximum number of tours - three. And only in the first round there was a stressful struggle among candidate cities, in which Madrid won with a slightly translate from the rest. The second and third rounds were under the obvious advantage of the Brazilian Rio de Janeiro, which was declared the capital of the XXXI Olympic Games.
Jacques Rogge announces Rio de Janeiro with the capital of the 2016 Olympic Games.
Note that it was not the first attempt by Rio to hold the Olympics. Rio de Janeiro filed an application for the Summer Olympic Games of 1936, 1940, 2004 and 2012, but never even got into the number of cities participating in the final voting.
Conditions
Competitions will be held during the period when in South America, the calendar winter. The temperature during this period varies from +18 to +25 ° C. The time difference between Moscow and Rio de Janeiro is 6 hours. The climate is hot and wet, a little reminds.
Competition program
At the same session, the IOC when Rio became the capital of the Games, it was decided to include Rugby-7 and Golf in the Olympic Games program, which are not newcomers on games, but their absence was measured by many decades. Golf returned to the program after 112 years, and rugby after 92 years. Thus, it did not significantly change the competition program of the Olympiad in Rio de Janeiro compared with the previous summer.
Talismans
Two beasts, personifying the flora and fauna of Brazil, were talismans. One talisman has a yellow color and symbolizes the brightest and most common representatives of the animal of Brazil - a monkey and parrot. The second beast became a collective way of Brazilian flora, in its features you can find out the elements of the tree, and elements of the flower.
Presentation of Talismans Olympiad-2016
Olympic facilities
The organizers have distributed the venues of the competition for four zones: Barra, Deodoro, Maracan, Copacabana.
Barra
The most rich in the competitive plan will be Barra, where it is planned to hold a lot of competitions, also in Barre will be Olimpic village, Olympic park, Main press center, and television center.
Sports objects Barra:
- - Center for Water Sports (Swimming and synchronized swimming);
- - Mary Lenk pool (water polo and water jumping);
- - Olympic Arena (sports and rhythmic gymnastics and jumping on a trampoline);
- - Velodrome;
- - Olympic Tennis Center;
- - Riocenter (boxing, weightlifting, table tennis, badminton);
- – Olympic races 1-4 (basketball, judo, Taekwondo, sports wrestling, handball);
- - Golf Center.
Deodoro.
In Deodoro, the former military base will be held equestrian competition, modern pentathlon, fencing, rowing slalom, cycling (Mountainbike and BMX) and shooting.
Maracana
The competitive zone "Maracan" is named so because its central object will be the stadium "Maracan" - one of the most famous football stadiums of the world. On it will be held opening and closing ceremonies, as well as football competitions. In addition to Rio de Janeiro, football competitions will take other Brazilian cities - Brazilia, Salvador, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte. Among other facilities, Maracans will be an Arena "Maracanzinhu" (volleyball) and stadium Joao Avelance (Athletics).
Stadium "Maracan" - Arena for football matches, opening and closing ceremonies.
Copacabana
In the "Copacabana" zone, mainly related competitions will be held, because Copacabana is a sea beach, one of the most famous in the world:
- – Sailing;
- - Swimming on open water;
- - triathlon;
- - Rowing sports.
- - walking and marathon;
- - cycling (highway);
For journalists, mini-Olympic villages will be built in the districts of Barra, Maracan and Deodoro.