In ancient competition Olympic Games The award was not a medal, it was created much later. At the Olympics B. Ancient Greece The winner did not receive anything except the wreath from the olive branches, which he was awarded on the day of the end of the Games in the temple of Zeus. For the first time, the decision to reward winners of the Games of the Olympiad medals was adopted by the First Olympic Congress in 1894, two years before the I Olympic Games in Athens.
1. In 1896, at the I Summer Olympic Games in Athens, the gold medal was not awarded: the winners who took the first place in the competition were presented with medals made of silver with gilding. The holders of the second seats received bronze medals, the third places became taken into account later. On the facial side Zeus, holding a nickname, and on the revolving - Acropolis.
2. At the Summer Olympic Games of 1900, the medals were issued to the participants who also took the first two places in each sport. However, memorable awards were very different in their form - the first and only once in the history of the summer Olympic games awards had a rectangular shape and were called "plaques". On the front side depicted a winged goddess holding laurel branches, on a revolving - athlete against the background of Acropolis.
3. Since 1904, they began to reward gold, silver and bronze medals three winners, and not two, as before. On the front side - Nick, holding a laurel wreath and palm leaf, on a turnover - athlete holding a laurel wreath.
4. Starting from the 1908 Olympic Games, the design, the composition of metals and the size of the awards should be changed into the habit. For the Olympics in London, very small medals were produced - 33 mm in diameter. This was due to the fact that the medals for the first place were decided to cast from pure gold of the 583rd sample. On the front side depicted athlete and two female figures, impoverished wreath on his head, on the back side - Georgy Victorious to Kone, and in front of him - the goddess of Victory with a palm tree branch. The name of the competition and the name of the winner engraved on the edge.
5. 1920, Games in Belgium. On the front side of the medal - athlete holding a laurel wreath and palm leaf, on the back of the Silvius statue Brabo. The name of the championship, the name of the competition, the team and the date is engraved on the edge.
6. Medal IX Summer Olympic Games in Amsterdam in 1928. The front design of the front side remained so until 2004.
7. 1996, Olympiad in Atlanta. On the front side of the medal - a new interpretation of the old image, on the back side - a stylized olive branch, the logo of games in Atlanta and the inscription "Council Olympic Games". The "Committee of the Atlanta Olympic Games Committee" is applied to the edge.
8. For the 2008 Olympics in Beijing on the back of the medals, it was decided to engrave the emblem of games and the Olympic rings, and on the facial - the goddess of Victory against the background of the Greek Stadium Panathineico, which was rebuilt specifically for the first newest Story Games in 1896.
9. Design of Olympic medals for games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016.
The tradition of encouraging the financial winners of the Olympic Games is beginning since the foundation of the competition in ancient Greece, when the victory in competitions provided an athlete to a comfortable future life.
What are the fees now olympic championsFrom whom they receive them, how much the state "cost" the victory of athletes at the games found out the Soviet sport.
The budget itself of the Organization and the Competitions costs the "host" country to huge money. So, the budget of the latter summer Olympiad Rio amounted to 10 billion dollars and this at a time when the country was shaking the strongest economic crisis.
For comparison, Barcelona in 1992 it cost this event in 7 billion, Athens - at 11 billion, and London spent almost 15 billion dollars at all. And the budget of the Winter Sochi Olympiad, taking into account the training of infrastructure, according to official data, cost Russia almost $ 30 billion! At the same time, the Foundation for the fight against corruption mentioned almost 1.5 trillion rubles, reports "SS".
Investments in the organization and holding of the Olympic Games do not end in financial costs. Each country provides certain amounts for financially promoting their champions.
So, Taiwan allocates 628 thousand dollars for the gold medal, and Italy provides for a more "modest" fee - 168 thousand dollars. Although there are exceptions, some countries will not fundamentally borrow their winners. For example, the United States, which is financially practically involved in the promotions of athletes. Public fees replaces the existing sponsorship system in the country.
So, what about Russia encourage their Olympic champions?
To begin with, the winner receives gifts from the state. Thus, each Gold Medalist of the Sochi Olympiad - 2014 was thanked 4 million rubles. The price of "silver" is 2.7 million rubles, and "Bronze" - 1.7.
It is noteworthy that Russia generally went to an unprecedented step: when they broke out doping scandalThe country decided to encourage even those athletes who were not allowed to participate in the Olympic Games in Rio. So, Elena Isinbaeva and Sergey Schubenkov received 4 million rubles. In addition to them, 42 people were in the list of payments, "SS" reported.
In addition to the fees from the country, the Olympians receive awards from the "Olympic Support Fund of Russia", which includes a number of major billionaire-patrons, such as Oleg Deripaska, Roman Abramovich, Vladimir Lisin, Mikhail Prokhorov and Alisher Usmanov. According to official data, membership fees are 80 million rubles per person.
From this fund, money is allocated not only to the development of sports programs, but also for premium commizers of the Olympiad. As a rule, remuneration is expressed in gifts such as cars and apartments. In 2010 and 2012, new Audi served as a gift, in 2014 - MERCEDES SUVs, and in 2016 - BMW.
At the same time, not all athletes leave so expensive gifts. Often the champions are put up for sale presented cars, while pointing out in the announcement that a new foreign car was obtained for victory in the Olympic Games. So, one of the winners of the competition, sold its car for 4.670 million rubles.
On this gifts, the Olympians do not end. Cash premiums expect winners and on arrival to the native region, where the amount of remuneration varies depending on the "wealth" of the region. So, golden medalist Games in Rio cyclineer Olga Zabelinskaya received a fee from Leningrad region in the amount of 1.5 million rubles.
Payments to the medalists of the Winter Sochi Games of 2014 by regions in US dollars. Data from open Internet sources.
In 2016, Krasnodar Territory decided to promote not only medalists, but also of all participants representing the region on games. The payment range varied from 2 million rubles for "gold" and up to 250 "consolation" thousand rubles for participation.
Omsk gymnast Vera Biryukova for gold in the team all-around rhythmic gymnastics Conducted financial incentives from the region's authorities in the amount of three million rubles.
This financial promotion does not end. More modest fees come from the center from the center sports training. There, medals evaluate in the following way: "Gold" in all sports - "worth" 200 thousand rubles, "silver" - 100, bronze - 60 thousand rubles.
Little to graduates of the Center for Sports Training, which won the Olympic Games, is relied on a lifelong state scholarship in the amount of 32 thousand rubles.
Not all sports organizations are on state subsidies. Nevertheless, in private federals, financial promotions look more interesting for athletes.
So, according to the "SS", Sophia Great for the victory in the Olympic Games in Rio received one million euros, Yana Yegoryan - 1.2 million euros.
If you fold all the material promotions of Yana Yegoryan, which she received for two gold medals, her income will be 16.7 million rubles.
A lot is interesting and how athletes live in periods between games. At this time, the future participants of the Olympiad continue to participate in competitions and fees.
At the same time, the athletes fully pay for accommodation, the road to fees, four-time meals and give the daily in the currency of the country where they are. In fact, there is no need to spend personal funds at the athlete. And the salary of the future member of the Russian national team, as reported by SS, is about 300 thousand rubles per month, and somewhere above, especially, especially considering sponsorship investments.
But sponsorship influxers are impressive bonuses to all state fees. Thus, Kokschezhezz Viktor An After the victory in the Sochi Games I got a contract with Samsung, who brought the athlete, according to the "SS", up to 200 thousand dollars. And in 2008, the champion of Games in Beijing Elena Isinbaeva Sponsorship provided a fee of 1.5 million euros.
So, despite the impressive income of the Olympians from sponsorship contracts, Russia continues to invest in the athletes sensitive to the country's budget. Russia spent $ 2,374,000 for prizes to their athletes. In larger amounts, the victory of the Olympians only Italy and Japan.
Olympic Medal - Difference Sign for Personal or Command sports achivments In competitions at the Olympic Games, also considered the attributes used by the International olympic Committee. To promote the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Olympic movement throughout the world.
The Olympic medal has a certain gradation:
- · gold medal - for the first place;
- · Silver medal - for second place;
- · Bronze medal - for the third place.
In the competitions of the ancient Olympic Games, the award was not a medal, it was created much later. In antiquity, the awards could be whatever: Hercules were awarded a wreath of wild olives, various prizes were played in the subsequent Ellin National Olympic Games. The king of endimion for the victory gave his kingdom, but the participants were his sons. The winner received a large amount of gold coins, fame and different values. For 293 Olympics of Ancient Greece, many prizes were played, handed over to approximately 330 participants, but none of the medal was knocked out and was not given.
For the first time, the decision to introduce the tradition of rewarding the winners of the Games of the Olympics medals was adopted by the first Olympic Congress in 1894, two years before the I Olympic Games held in France in the city of Paris. All major rules of awards and fundamental principles were spelled out in the main collection of statutory documents of the Olympic Movement - the Olympic Charter. The basic principle described in the Olympic Charter was the distribution of medals to the winners depending on busy places: Athletes who took the first and second place to hand over the 925 sample silver medals, and the winner's medal should be covered with six grams of pure gold (the sample is not specified). The diameter of the medal itself is about 60 mm, the thickness is 3 mm. For the 3rd place athletes are awarded with bronze medals. The dimensions were established, but over the years they changed. Also changed the form, the usual round form was canceled in 1900 on the Games of the II Olympiad, and III winter Olympic medals: Gold, silver and bronze hand to three athletes who have shown best results In competition. AT team types Sports of equal advantage medal receive all team members.
The design of medals, awarded athletes at the first eight summer Olympics, was different and developed by each Organizing Committee independently. From 1920 to 2000, a standard design was used for Aversa Olympic medals. Goddess nickname with palm branch in right hand, celebrating winner. Reverse medals changed depending on the wishes of the country where the games were held. Since 2004, it has retreated from this tradition, and both sides of the medals are manufactured according to the unique design of the organizers of the Games.
The diameter of the 2008 game medal was 70 mm, the thickness is 6 mm.
Gold medals are usually made mainly of silver. Thus, at the 2008 Games, the gold medal weighed about 150 grams, which included approximately 6 grams of gold. Silver medals are made of silver, bronze copper.
At the games of 1896 and 1900, only athletes that took 1 and 2nd place were noted medals. There was no gold medal then, but was handed only silver and bronze. Moreover, at the 1900 games in many types of medals were not presented at all, and instead, the organizers awarded participants with Cups and diplomas. Nevertheless, for a uniform approach in the reference book of gold, silver and bronze medals are used for these games.
Until 1960, medals were made without fasteners and were awarded the winners right in their hands. The organizers of the 1960 Games in Rome for the first time produced subtle bronze chains in the form of an olive branch, so that the medals could be hung on the neck athletes. Interestingly, that introducing an innovation not provided for by the rules, the organizers were inserted and handed over to girls who endowed medals for awarding, scissors to quickly cut chains in case of objections. However, I liked the idea, and since then chains or ribbons are attached to the Olympic medals.
The most distinguished medals were cast for the Winter Olympics: XI in 1972, the XIX Winter Olympic Games of 2002, and in 1998, medals were produced with an additional farewell, added on top, for convenient invaling tape. This idea began to be applied later in almost all Olympic medals.
The awards ceremony. Olympic symbolism Reward Anthem
The awards ceremonies should be carried out in accordance with a certain IOC protocol. Medals and diplomas are submitted by the Organizing Committee to present the International Olympic Committee to which they belong.
Medals at the Olympic Games are awarded by the President of the IOC (or appointed by him member of the IOC), accompanied by the president of the relevant IF (or his deputy), if possible, immediately after the end of the competition and in the same place where it was conducted. Medals are awarded as follows: Athletes who took the 1st, 2nd and 3rd places occupy their places on the pedestal (they should be dressed in their official or sports form), face to the official stand, the winner is somewhat higher than the second winner, standing to the right of him, and the third winner who is left of him. The names of these winners are announced, as well as those who are awarded the Olympic diploma. On the central mast, the flag of the delegation of the country of the winner is rising, and the flags of the second and third winners rose on the neighboring masts, to the right and left of the central, if they face the arena. During the execution (in the abbreviated version) of the State Hymn in honor of the winner, all three medalists face fag.
In personal competition, the first prize consists of a gold-plated silver medal and a diploma, the second prize is from a silver medal and a diploma, and the third prize is from a bronze medal and a diploma. The medals should indicate the sport and the type of competition, for the victory on which they are awarded, and the medals are attached to the unborn chain or on the ribbon so that it can be put on the neck of the athlete. Athletes who took the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth place, also receive a diploma, but not a medal. In the event of equality of the results for the first, second or third place, each of the participants has the right to medal and diploma.
In team sports and team competitions in other sports, each member of the winning team, who participated during the Olympic Games, at least in one match or competition, has the right to make a gold-plated medal and a diploma, each member who took the second place of the team - Silver Medal And a diploma who took the third place of the team is a bronze medal and a diploma. The remaining members of these teams have the right to receive only a diploma. Team members who took the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth place receive diplomas.
The closing ceremony of the Olympic Games.
The closing ceremony should be carried out at the stadium at the end of all competitions. Participants in the Olympic Games, having the right to post Olympic Village, occupy the place allotted on the stands. The bannamers of participating delegations and persons carrying transparencies enter the stadium of the column one in the same order and occupy the same place in the center as at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. For them march athletes, without the difference in national affiliation. The bannamers form a semicircle behind the tribune.
The president of the IOC and the President of Okoi rise to the stand. Under the sounds of the Greek national anthem on the mast, to the right of the central mast used at the awards ceremony, the flag of Greece rises. Then the organizing country flag rises on the central mast, during the exercise of the hymn. Finally, on the left mast under the sounds of the anthem of the country, the following Olympic Games rises its flag.
The mayor of the organizer joins the Tribune to the President of the IOC and transmits him olympic flag. The President of the IOC transfers it to the mayor of the city-organizer of the following Olympic Games. This flag should be exhibited in the main building of the city-organizer city of the next Olympic Games.
After the appeal of the President of Oko, the President of the IOC protrudes with the final speech, announces the Olympic Games closed and calls the city in which the following games will be held.
The sounds of the fanfar are heard, the Olympic fire is quenched and under the sounds of the Olympic anthem, the Olympic flag slowly drops from the flagpole and is carried out (expanded, in a horizontal position) from the field, followed by the bannamers. Fast song is fulfilled.
a) monetary remuneration
b) medal and cup
c) wreath from branches of olive tree
d) title of aristocrat
Which of the famous scientists of ancient Greece won on the Olympic Games in the competitions of fist fighters?
a) Archimed-mechanic
b) Plato philosopher
c) PythagroN-mathematician
d) strapon-geographer
What distance in the 1st stage measured the legendary herakl?
a) 164 m 31 cm
b) 176m 43 cm
c) 190 m 40 cm
d) 192 m 27 cm
What is called View sports program Olympic Games of Antiquity, combining the fight against fistboard?
a) Dalidron
b) Pankration
c) Pentalon
9. How did the people called the ancient Greece who followed the observance of the Rules of the Olympic Competitions, the preparation of athletes and the competition places?
a) Olympionics
b) Evapatrida
c) Elladoniki
d) Geomoras
10. In the period of the generic community, exercise performed a function:
a) Labor
b) Educational
c) applied
d) public
11. Physical exercises in primitive-community strictly imitated:
a) struggle
12. Philosopher ancient Greece Xenofan IV c. BC. Most of all appreciated:
a) wisdom and caution
b) strength and speed
c) body culture
d) moral standards
What is the basis of the theory about the emergence of exercise and games?
a) biological theory of motion activities
b) Military theory about the need to protect the tribe
c) Divine theory about the presentation of everything from over, from God
d) ideological theory about the primacy of consciousness
14. In the type of schools in the ancient Athens included:
b) Palsy
c) Pension
d) angel
15. In the Pentatlon, the ancient Greeks included:
a) Long jumps with alteras
c) swimming
d) horse riding
What age began public physical education In Sparta?
How often did contests in running and jumping between pupils of public houses in Sparta?
a) once every 2 years
b) every 4 years
c) once a year
d) once every 10 years
18. Spartan gymnastics amounted to:
a) exercises with alteras
b) arms exercises
at) dance exercises
d) fist
19. Children studied in ancient Athenian gymnasiums:
b) from 12 years
c) from 18 years
d) from 16 years
For some other words, "Efeba in the theater show the people of increments and get a shield and spear from the state?"
a) Aristotle
b) Plato
c) Socrates
d) Democrita
21. Gladiator fights In ancient Rome were held for:
a) the commemoration of noble citizens
b) private representation
c) stage presentation
d) acquisition of popularity among citizens
What are the earliest civil games Ancient Rome?
a) Roman
b) Plebee
c) Apollonov
d) Megalensky
23. B. knight tournaments Implemented:
a) games with the ball
b) running with weapons
c) ritual dancing
d) archery
24. In pair tournaments, the knights sought:
a) knock out each other from the saddle
b) prove the loyalty of the church
c) master the taking battle
d) show personal courage
How old are young feudal feudalles in the service?
a) up to 12 years
b) up to 10 years
c) up to 14 years
d) up to 16 years
Who from the Renaissance Age created tutorial "On the art of gymnastics"?
a) I. Mercuryis - Italian doctor
b) V. Feltre - Italian Humanist
d) W. Garvey - English doctor
Who owns the words: "We defeat in the game courage, not a deception"?
a) I. KALINSKY
b) T. Mora
c) T. Kompnella
d) A. Krzalia
28. Yoga literally means:
a) Unity
b) development
c) Creation
29. Asanya yoga have their own similarities with exercise:
a) on external signs
b) on the manner of execution
c) according to the method of learning
d) on measures of impact on the organization
30. The yoga relaxation is distinguished:
a) 16 body regions
b) 10 body areas
c) 5 domains of the body
d) 21 body area
31. The term "Wushu" means now:
a) military equipment
b) gymnastics
c) Complex of general array exercises
d) point massage
32. The self-defense complex of Shaolin's monks included:
a) 20 techniques
b) 18 techniques
c) 10 receptions
d) 16 techniques
33. Shaolin's school was peculiar:
a) rigidity and straightness of movements
b) smoothness and flexibility of movements
c) softness and fasciance of movements
d) strict construction blocks of movements
34. How many commandments included Guide to Wushu Jiao Yuan:
What does the term "Taijituan" mean now?
a) Methods of a fist combat
b) the process of infinite change
c) action fist
How many forms of Taijice movements existed now?
37. What could use Okinawa-TE school representatives in the struggle:
Today we will tell the history of the Olympic Awards. For the victory in competitions at the Olympics, medals of different dignity are handed over. The awarding of the winners is a very pleasant procedure, especially if there are those athletes on the pedestal of honor, for whom we just have "hurt."
Olympic awards
A gold medal is awarded for the victory at the Olympic Games, for the second place - silver, for the third - bronze. In team sports, all members of the team receive the medals of one dignity. But it was not always so.
At the I Games of modernity in Athens in 1896, only the first two places were considered prizes. The winner received a gold-plated silver medal. For the second place athlete received bronze. For the third place the medal was not awarded.
At the first Olympic Games, the bronze memorable medal (except for the athletes themselves) was awarded to all participants in games, judges, official representatives of teams, employees of the Olympiad Organizational Committee and Members of the IOC. Thus, a memorable award received every member of the team who came to the Olympic Games.
The award of the Olympians took place on the day of closing games. According to the ancient custom, the winner of the competition was presented: a laurel wreath on the head; Olive branch from the sacred grove of Olympia; memorable medal; The winner's diploma.
The first Olympic medals
At the first Olympic Games of modernity in 1896, 43 sets of medals were played in Athens (Greece). On the front side of the medal depicted Zeus head. In his hand, he has a globe on which Nick is (Goddess Victory). The weight of the medal is only 47 grams, diameter - 50 mm.
For all the time of the Olympic Games, the form, size, the design of medals is constantly changing. They are developing a country organizer at its discretion. And not always the medals were round form.
For example, at the II Olympic Games in 1900, the medals were rectangular. On the front side of the medal depicts Nick with a laurel wreath in his hands. The height of the medal is 59 mm, the width is 41 mm, the weight is 53 grams.
Until 1960, the medals were without fasteners for the ribbon and were handed over to the winners right in their hands.
- Medal of the 1980 Olympiad in Moscow - on the front side for the first time there was an inscription in Russian "Games of the XXII Olympiad Moscow 1980"
- The Medal of the Winter Olympiad-1988 in Calgary is considered self-making for last years - Total 69 millimeters, thickness - about 5 mm. Weight - 193 grams.
- The 1922 Olympiad Medal in Alberville has an original design - on the front side of the metal inserted glass with the image of the Olympic rings on the background of the mountains, and on the reverse side only glass. Diameter - 92 mm, thickness - 9.1 mm. Weight - 169 grams.
- The 1994 Olympiad Medal in Lillehammer is the most elegant and lightweight in recent years. The ease of the medal is achieved due to the material. It is made of spragmite, which is partially covered with gold. Diameter - 80 mm, thickness - 8.5 mm. Weight -131 gram.
- The 1998 Olympiad Medal in Nagano is doubled in weight - 261 grams.
- The 2002 Olympiad Medal in Salt Lake City is considered the medal in the entire history of games. In form, the medal resembles a stone, which is fully in the surrounding rivers. The diameter of the medal is 85 mm, the thickness is 10 mm. Weight - 567 grams.
- Medal of the 2006 Olympics in Turin with a big hole in the center. The diameter of the medal is 107 mm, the thickness is 10 mm. Weight - 469 grams.
- The 2010 Olympiad Medal in Vancouver has a non-standard wavy shape. Its thickness is 6 mm, diameter - 100 mm. Weight - 500 grams.
Olympics and 2014 medals in Sochi
The 2014 Olympics Medal is 10 mm, a diameter of 100 mm. Depending on the advantage of the Weight of Olympic Medals in Sochi - from 460 to 531 grams.
Games in Sochi are a record for the number of sports. Therefore, to the beginning of the games is made record number Kits medals - about 1300 pieces. Each medal is made about 18 hours. Each award causes engraving in the form of a branded "patchwork blanket", which symbolizes the diversity of Russian cultural traditions.
Olympiad through the eyes of children
On the relay of the Olympic Fire, we acquainted children with our country on the map of Russia. And now you can play with the child and find the place of the Olympiad on the world map. You can introduce a child with the countries - owners Olympiad, teach him to write the names of countries, cities and dates of the games. Games S. geographic cards You can draw a lot, and the Olympic medals - part olympic symbolism - Can help us in this. In addition to working with the map, children will be happy to study and geometry - to draw and cut the patterns in size with medals. Then they can be compared and examine the concept of "more or less" (this also applies to the weight of medals).