Despite the fact that the roots of this prolonged sports competition Going into deep antiquity, today's official length of the marathon race appeared only in the XX century.
History of Marathon
The first marathon was organized during the first Olympic Games of our time, which were held in the capital of Greece in 1896. The ancient Olympic Games never included in the list of compets race to a similar distance. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe modern marathon is inspired by one of the Greek legends of the messenger, who ran from the battlefield in the marathon to the most Athens, never stopped. The distance of his race amounted to about 40 km. The battle of Marathon took place between the Greeks and the Persian army in 490 BC. E. According to the legend, the ambassador managed only to report the victory of the Greeks and fell dead. To honor the memory of the stubborn messenger, the distance of the first marathon was determined 40 km.
Modern distance
The following Olympic Games adhered to the same tradition, up to the London Olympics of 1908. According to stubborn rumors, the distance increased to please the royal family. The Queen of Alexander asked that the race began at the Windsor Palace - thus, he was able to observe the smallest members of the royal family from the windows of the children's room. Also, at the request of Alexandra, the race ended with the royal lodges of the Olympic stadium. Thus, the 1908 marathon distance amounted to 42 kilometers of 195 meters. Random increase for a long time remained in the history of athletics. In 1921, it was this length that was recognized as standard.
Today, marathons are held everywhere - from the North Pole, to the Chinese Wall. Only in the United States today has been registered more than 1,100 annual marathons. If in 1976, according to a statistical survey, about 25 thousand people participated in marathons, then in 2013 the number of participants increased more than twice.
Marathon run - this is a hardest view sports activitiesSince the runner will need to overcome a huge distance of 42 kilometers of 195 meters. At the same time, the body receives very heavy loads, and the entire body performs a difficult work that heavy workouts must preserve, and willpower. How to prepare yourself for the marathon run that you need for proper fulfillment The techniques of marathon running, and what problems are waiting for those who decide to run this distance? We will respond to it in this material.
How the modern marathon running began
This is the impersonation of the Spirit of the Olympics. The marathon became part of the Olympic competitions on debut games in 1896, which took place in Greece. Although the dimensions of the race periodically changed, marathons always entered competition. Complete assertion of the marathon occurred in 1924. At that time it was found that 42 km and 195 are the distance of the marathon race.
Such long-term runs are actively practiced worldwide. For example, one of the most famous recordsmen is a leaving from Australia, Clayton, who put the world record for the marathon run in 1969, running the distance for 2 hours and 8 minutes.
How to pass the marathon distance
In order to participate, you need to pass an impressive workout. Moreover, they must be comprehensive and touch your mind. The athlete needs to be overcome, at least 12 kilometers on each workout, which will last 3 months. Doing in such a rhythm, you can always support the necessary muscle tone, making yourself more hardy and strongand also travelery village qualities. Also should be ready for the passage of the marathon, so such training will be able to gradually teach it to heavy loads. Besides exercise You also need to observe, choosing only nutritious and useful products.
Rules of the marathon race say that the tolerance of the race gets only athletes that have the appropriate medical certificate About your health that you need to provide 30 days before the start. As a rule, running occurs in the automotive, pedestrian or cycling road. However, the beginning and end of the distance should pass on sports stadium. Must be ideal for these conditions, for more convenient body work.
Specialists who are responsible for mapping route, develop it so that the athletes are as comfortable and safe to run as much as possible. The plot on which running competitions will be held must be limited from car movement and not to have obstructive objects.
Violation of the rules can lead to removal from the race. Competitions on the marathon running are held in cities around the world, separately for representatives of different floors.
What is the unusual marathon
In the marathon, your body works in the exhaust mode. So it is very important to be in excellent physical form , including a trained musculoskeletal system and a fortified heart muscle.
Also significant is the state of your mental system. During a long run, our psyche is also overloaded, because of what everyone can run on the marathon. However, all this is distinguished by an athlete who runs marathons - run such large distances, it significantly develops its speed, becomes more balanced and confident in its capabilities, and also acquires the ability to relax during such loads.
During passage, you need to consider the following:
- You need to develop your cardiovascular system, because it will take huge loads. As a result, the heart will learn to rebuild for more successful work at the speed marathon race. However, it is necessary to prepare it gradually so that the body can get used to.
- During long occasions, you lose a significant number of fluids that will come out with sweat discharges. Therefore, the body temperature rises significantly, and this will lead to overheating.
How to prepare for the marathon
The preparation of athletes to marathon distances should pass under the leadership of coacheswhose task will be the coordination of tasks to indicate more successful results. So, in order to pass the marathon distance you need:
- train, and also gradually increase the distance while running on long distances. You also need to learn to run on high raises. It is believed that for successful overcoming the marathon, in training it is necessary to run once from 20 to 30 kilometers. After that, longer distances will run much easier.
- the next step will be overcoming daily 12 kilometers. According to experts, compliance with this type of training for three months will mean the end of the preparation for the Marathon Competition.
Although the distribution of loads should take into account the individual features of every athlete, as well as his own desire to increase their abilities. However, it is equally important for everyone to comply with the systematics of training, to harde your body and morally prepare for the contest.
Video. First Competitions in Life? Then the marathon!
In the throat dryed and his breathing is clogged. The legs are tired and seemed to be pork. In the ears headphones with your favorite music, which invariably supports energy in the body. You run on the machine without giving values \u200b\u200bto each step. After the finish line, great relief and satisfaction. Feel such an easy, as if now take off. Breathing gradually comes to normal, becomes smooth and measured.
Approximately such states are experiencing anyone who ever engaged in running big distances. Although "big" is a tensile concept. For some, run and 1 km will be a feat. But we are talking about distances at 10, 15 and 20 kilometers. It is in such races that need good and endurance.
But the vertex itself, which manitates its unattainableness, is the length of the marathon distances. This is the line to which many fans runners want to approach. But due to serious preparation, which is needed to overcome such a race, it will be possible to implement it. But still, what is the length of the marathon distances? It is 42 km and 195 m. It is such a way that the athletes run out to carry the honorable name of the Marathonian all his life.
Where did such a length come from
To answer the question "What the Length of the Marathon Distance", you need to contact historical information. So, in 490 BC, the battle between the Greek army and Persians occurred. It happened near the ancient city of the marathon. In order to notify Athens that the Greeks won, the Gonot Fidippid was sent, who ran 42 km away and 195 m. He conveyed the good news and fell from depletion.
After a long time, the length of the distance changed several times and adjusted. But in 1921 it was established and recorded this particular figure of the International Federation of Amateur Athletics. For many years all over the planet, marathon skins are organized, in which several thousand people participate at the same time.
Such a sport as run, very popular among people. They are engaged in health and health purposes and to maintain tone in the body. It is available to each person who can move.
What you need in order to run a marathon distance
Before running the marathon distance, each wishes must pass a huge number of training. In addition, it will be necessary desire and iron exposure. It is necessary to run daily at least 10 km and, depending on the body, select the proper nutrition.
As a rule, preparing for the race is a whole system, which is compiled individually for each. It includes:
- Power Mode and its quality. Food techniques must be controlled in time. Also, a separate system may be a diet that implies a certain amount of substances for the body. Specially selected products, the amount of their reception is controlled.
- Training mode. It must effectively combine rest with the load. The mode is one of the main components for proper training.
- Development plan. This is a schedule for which the gradual extension of the load in the form of an increase in distance.
Beginner errors
Many of those for whom the length of the marathon distance became the goal for the near future, begin to train. And, in order to improve your form, try to dial it too quickly. Such accelerations are very dangerous to health and can drive the body in a dead end. That this does not happen, you should remember the rule that all loads must be gradual. In no case do not need to boost training and try to run too much distance without appropriate preliminary training. It is better to divide everything to the steps and move from one small goal to another. Such a systematicness will help adapt to the unprepared organism, to withstand the load.
There are also many drugs and various stimulants that help the body to activate energy reserves and raise endurance and strength. But the abuse of such means is fraught with the consequences of the body in the form of damage to the liver and other organs that suffer primarily from drugs. They need to be taken very carefully, under the supervision of an experienced physician. You should not hope that you all know in this matter, you can not rely only on yourself. Excessive consultation will never hurt.
Training program
If you are accustomed to exercise regularly, the length of the marathon distance will no longer seem so terrible as it may seem. But for its conquest, you need to start reinforced training for 3-4 months. You can use annual events in big cities when the race passes at a certain date, and prepare for them. Such organized swells help athletes to meet and communicate with each other. In addition, for participants there are prizes of medals and commendable letters that can be saved.
To begin target training, you can use the principle of "3 + 1". In this case, it should run for 3 days in a row and one day to rest. Next, you need to raise the amount as it becomes shape to 5 + 1 or even 6 + 1.
The distance at each training session should also be raised gradually. It should be from 10 to 25 km. Also not every day you need to run the same number kilometers. You can increase in the limits of one cycle. For example, on the first day, the distance is 10 km, the second - 15, the third - 20, the fourth - 25 and the fifth - 30 km. Such wave-like workouts are gradually endurance. Also in the program must be included in the acceleration training. At the same time, the runner overcomes 1-3 km in acceleration, and then from 0.5 to 2 km runs with average speed. It is necessary to have the strength at the distance when it goes on the highway.
Records in the marathon race
The world record of the marathon distance in 2014 installed a native of Kenya Dennis Kimimeto. He ran a distance for 2 hours 2 minutes and 57 seconds. He managed to beat the record of the Marathon Distance Wilson Kipshanga for as many as 26 seconds. Every year, new records begin to differ only by several tens of seconds. This is due to the maximum capabilities of the human body.
Olympic Games
The Marathon Distance at the Olympic Games is one of the cult events that usually completes all the event. The race included in the competition list one of the first. Often, the finish of the marathonuts occurs at the stadium in honor of the closure of the Olympic Games. It became a kind of tradition, which is supported at each event.
There is a special commission for certification of the path at which the marathon passes. In accordance with the rules, there should be no lifting, which exceed the maximum allowable deviations. There should also be a significant exceeding or shortage of distance.
Since the number of marathonuts is large, because of what the start and finish is very difficult, then special electronic chips are used, which are issued to each participant to register it.
Organization of competitions in the Olympic Games
The organizers of the occasions are usually used by routes that have a certificate of association. To do this, it is installed and equipped with the point of start and finish. Every 5 km of mileage, toilets and databases with prepared water and food for marathontes are installed, since overcoming such a distance is a serious test for the body. This is necessary to maintain the water balance and replenish the athletes. Also there are special workers who follow the order, along the entire distances, duty will duty emergency care for emergency cases.
Amateur competition
There are also commercial organizations that are engaged in the organization of marathons. All participants are recorded and carried out in a cash fee. In this case, it is issued by the sequence number. The results at such competitions may not be ratified by the international organization, since the number of meters of the marathon distance may differ from the installed. Among the popular races, unofficial are Los Angeles and who use the track with violations.
Conclusion
The conquest of such a vertex as the length of the marathon distance is one of the goals of many amateur runners. And it's not every athlete. To do this, you need to train a lot and have good power Will. There are many communities and fan clubs in the world who are engaged in the dissemination of information and collect marathon participants from around the world.
The Marathon Distance, the history of which began in 490 BC, conquers, as already mentioned, not everyone. But those who overcome it, prove with their example how hard one can be a person.
Here, perhaps, all about what the length of the marathon distance is. But do not think that 42 km and 195 m is the distance that is the maximum length. Human capabilities are truly limitless.
Marathon - Athletics Marathon - represents a distance of 42 km of 195 meters (26 miles 385 yards). The largest and most authoritative competitions are conducted on the highway, but also known marathon starts on the crossed terrain and in extreme conditions.
Highway Marathon - Olympic discipline of the athletics program in men from 1896, in women - since 1984.
Half of the marathon distance, half-marathon - 21 km 97.5 m is also a popular distance in the highway running, on which individual runs are held and global records are recorded.
Distance.
The length of the mileage was not initially fixed, since it was important only that all athletes fled on the same route. The exact length of the Olympic Marathon depended on the route selected in the appropriate games.
The length was chosen quite arbitrary. At the first Olympic Games she was equal to 40 km. The starting point of the race at the Olympics in 1908 in London was moved from 25 miles to the Royal Family, so that the royal family could easily watch the mileage from the windows of the Windsor Castle on 26 miles 385 yards (42 km 195 meters). At the next Olympiad in 1912, the length was changed to 40.2 km, in 1920 a new change to 42.75 km. In total, on the first seven Olympiads there were 6 different marathon distances from 40 to 42.75 km (40 km was used twice).
Finally, the length of 42.195 km was established in 1921 by the International Federation of Athletics (IAAF), as the official length of the marathon race.
From the first Olympic Games of modernity 1896, the marathon is the final event of the program athletics with finishes on the main Olympic Stadium, often a few hours before closing or even as part of the closure program. The loyalty of this tradition was undertaken in 2004, when the marathon from Marathon to Athens was completed at the Panathinaiko stadium, where the very first Olympic marathon finished in 1896.
Marathons are now very popular, we recommend that you buy a hooded sweatshirt - this universal piece of clothing that will help you out into any weather. Convenient wellheads will help you feel most comfortable in any situation.
Competition Rules
The rules for carrying out marathons are subject to the general IAAF rules for the highway run. World Records and Other higher achievements Registered up to a second. The recommended height difference at a distance certified by IAAF should not exceed 1/1000, that is, one meter per kilometer run. The distance must be measured up to 0.1% (42 meters).
Marathon skins in commercial marathons usually pass through the system of mass simultaneous start. However, in fact, cross the line of the start at the same time, all participants are impossible. Therefore, at certified AIMS mileagers, the organizers supply participants with special electronic chips that fix the intersection of the start line. For each finishing, not only the fact of the finish is taken into account, but also intermediate results, etc. "Gross" and "Net" time: from the moment of start and on the moment of intersection of the starting line, respectively. Official is the time "gross".
World records
World records were officially not recognized by the IAAF Athletics Federation until January 1, 2004; Before the statistics of the "best marathon results" were conducted. The marathon distance must comply with IAAF standards to best achievement It was recognized as a record of the world. However, marathon routes are still very different in profile, altitude above sea level and quality of the coating, which makes the comparison is not objective. As a rule, marathons passing through the equal terrain, low above sea level, in comfortable weather and with the participation of pacemeters (runners, asking the tempo of movement), are the fastest.
The world record for men - 2 hours 3 minutes 59 seconds - was installed during the Berlin Marathon by Ethiopian Runner High Gebresielassia on September 28, 2008.
The world's best result among women is shown by the Half Radcliffe from the UK at the London Marathon on April 13, 2003 - 2 hours 15 minutes 25 seconds; This time is shown using PaisMiker Men. The world's best result among women without the participation of men - 2 hours 17 minutes 42 seconds - was also shown by the Half Radcliffe on the London Marathon on April 17, 2005.
The marathon presents serious requirements for the physical condition of the participants. For the purpose of achievement high results The organizers choose best time Start and distance profile.
It is believed that the optimal temperature for the marathon is about + 12 °. The temperature above + 18 ° is already considered dangerous for some categories of runners, and at temperatures above + 28 ° it is recommended to cancel the start. However, some competitions (for example, the Omsk Christmas semi-marathon) are carried out at significantly lower air temperatures (up to -39 ° in 2001).
Most of the prestigious marathons of the world are carried out in a drawing of large cities that suffer from the problem of air pollution. It is inappropriate to give the start early in the morning, since it was in the morning the concentration of smog at the surface of the earth is high and only with an increase in temperature gradually rises up with air flows during the day. The usual start of commercial marathons in the morning of approximately 8: 30-11: 00 in the morning.
When carrying out marathons in the program of non-profit competition, the start time is tied to the overall grid of the competition and the opening and closing ceremony. Start in this case can be given in the afternoon.
Famous marathon samples
Every year about 800 marathon races are held in many countries around the world.
The most massive and prestigious Boston Marathon, the New York Marathon, Chicago, London and Berlin are included in the World Marathon Majors series, they pass on the World Cup for professional marathontes. The number of participants at the start reaches 30 thousand and more people. Other famous marathons pass in Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Washington, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Rome and Paris.
The largest world marathon raises pay high, by challenges of an athletics, prize winners. For example, the general prize fund of the Boston Marathon amounted to 796,000 USD in 2008, from which the winner is paid 150,000 USD.
Commercial marathons are open for almost everyone and everything that needs to go through a simple registration procedure. For lovers, it is considered honorable just to take part in such a prestigious start, along with leading atlifices, joining the global athletics movement.
As everyone knows, the distance in the run is logically divided into short, medium and long. A little mansion stands the discipline running over long-range distances.
Sprinter slings for short distances do not exceed 400 meters. In the middle distance of the run before 3 000 metersmay include a variety of disciplines, including running with obstacles. It is exclusively a sprint on short distances - this is the lot of Olympic professionals by virtue of their specificity.
Long distance
We are interested in running for long distances, which according to generally accepted opinion begin after 3 km, More precisely, 2 miles \u003d 3,128 meters. However, our favorite marathons In category long distance Officially does not include, because it is not on the stadium, but outdoors. Therefore, the classic marathon distance 42 km 195 m It's just a "marathon".
Popular running disciplines for long distances included in the Olympic Games and World Championships in Athletics 5 000 and 10 000 meters. Note that the running distance, the competition for which is carried out inside the stadium, is made to measure in meters. At the same time, similar runs outdoors are measured in kilometers.
When the conversation comes to the start of the field of running, it meant is the styrene run. Up to participation in amateur marathons. It is thanks to him that we drastically change the way of life and create excellent conditions for the improvement of the entire body. Running long distances interests all who fight with excess weight, stress or strengthens its cardiostera and immunity. Sometimes it is called simply - long run.
Marathon. History, distance and rules
The meaning of the word "marathon" comes from the name of the Greek city of the marathon in Attica and is associated with the legend of the Greek warrior, who came to Athens with the news of the victory. However, according to historians, who ran out documentary sources, it was not entirely so there.
But it did not prevent the inclusion of the marathon, like discipline, in olympic Games And to hold the first official race for the Marathon-Athens route in 1896. True, this distance stacked 34.5 km. In general, the distance of the first marathons, rather hardly threw both in the smaller side and in the big one. And only in the 1920s, she looked at and was officially accepted for 42,195 km.
Modern rules prescribe that the marathon is carried out on asphalt roads. But there are a huge set of rough terrain races, sometimes with a rather complex relief and in extreme conditions, as well as the marathons. Even in despite the fact that the distance can be very different from the generally accepted.
Half-marathon
There is another one of the most popular distances - half-marathon. Accordingly, that's 21 km 97.5 m. The semi-marathon is one of the iconic points in the preparation of amateurs runners, which a few months ago could not run a kilometer.
Almost on any running competitions in parallel with the marathon there are also semi-marals for those who have a complete distance to run even hard. Among the runners the half-marathon is simply called half.
Running in triathlona ionman
The marathon is an integral third element of Extreme Triathlon Competitions Ironman.. Accordingly, after a 3.8-kilometer swim (it happens that in ice water) and after 180-kilometer highway cycles, to carry the title of "Iron Man", 42 kilometers are still running. A good result will be if you put at 12 o'clock. But for the beginning perfectly it would be possible to get to the finish line.
Ultramaraphon
Special discipline run - ultramaraphon. There are no clear restrictions: everything that more than 42.195 km is a ultramaraphon. And although the most frequent competitions are held at distances 50 and 100 km, Often ultramaraphones are first paved on the map, and then they look at how much it turned out. The duration of such titanic tests may continue not one day, and in the most unsuitable conditions for this basis.
Almost all ultramaphones are tightly connected with such a discipline as trailRunningbecause most of the tracks run on rough terrain.
After the first in the life of a focused and conscious jogging, it is difficult to resist the formulation of sports purposes. And if at least one of them is achieved, then the person can no longer stop. And that's fine. But if the run is carried exclusively a wellness goal, then you should not once again cross the face of your capabilities and rushing to extreme loads with your head.