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Conclusion

Swimming - sport is very beautiful and fascinating. In addition, this is a very useful and at the same time a pleasant sport, as it strengthens all muscle groups, and also contributes to the relaxation of the body and the likelihood of injury here is quite small.

Swimming hardens the body of children and adolescents. A frequent change in the temperature of the external environment produces protective reactions in the body. As a result, the organism resistance to colds increases.

It should be remembered that one day the acquired swimming skill persists in a person for life. The ability to swim is necessary to each person who has chosen itself such a profession that comes into contact with the actions on the water (construction of bridges, dams, fisheries, etc.). The ability to swim well, overcome water obstacles, and with the help of priests, it is necessary for all military personnel.

So swimming like physical exerciseThe harmoniously developing and strengthening human body contributes to an increase in its motor capacity and improving the quality of a number of movements necessary to him in everyday life. Therefore, it is not by chance that the swimming is among the main funds of the Soviet system. physical education.

List of used literature

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Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus Gomel State University. F. Scorina

Welding test work: "Tasks and characteristics Swimming »

Student 4 courses of the correspondence faculty of the FC-42 group Specialty Physical Culture

Goncharov Yuri Vasilyevich

1. Introduction

2. Swimming

3. Characteristics of swimming

4. List of references

Introduction

The ability to float refers to the number of vital skills. Swimming is both one of the most important physical education tools, so it is included in the content of physical education programs for preschool institutions, general education schools, secondary and higher special educational institutions.

Despite the efforts of a number of researchers in the search for the most effective means, purposefully affecting the formation of techniques of movements in the process of swimming, the desired result is not yet available: the educational process takes a long time, quite high the percentage of children who have not mastered the swimming skills. This is especially true for children. preschool agebecause B. this period There is the most intensive formation of knowledge, skills, skills. Global mental neoplasm is associated with this age - the arbitraryness of mental processes and behavior, manifested in the ability to manage their mental and motive activities.

The fulfillment of swimming actions related to the movement of the human body in aquatic environment creates certain difficulties to perceive their own movements and control them. Successful mastering the motor action largely depends on how developed by the student the ability to make the right perception and evaluation of its own movements is as adequate to its motor representations. Practice shows that in the process of learning, children in most cases have incorrect ideas about the movement studied.

2. Swimming tasks

When teaching swimming, the following main tasks are solved: - Strengthening health, hardening the human body, instilling persistent hygienic skills; - Study of swimming equipment and mastering vital swimming skills; - comprehensive physical development and improvement of such physical qualitiesAs force, flexibility, endurance, speed, dexterity; - familiarization with the rules of safety on water.

When teaching swimming, overseas, special exercises, exercises for water development, to study the swimming equipment, the simplest jumps in water, games and entertainment on the water are used.

Swimming classes eliminate posture disorders, flatfoot, harmoniously develop almost all muscle groups - especially shoulder belts, hands, chest, abdomen, back and legs. Swimming perfectly trains cardiovascular and respiratory activities.

Swimming is one of the effective means of hardening a person who contributes to the formation of persistent hygienic skills. The water temperature is always below the human body temperature, so when a person is in water, its body emits 50--80% more heat than in air (water has a thermal conductivity of 30 times and heat capacity is 4 times greater than air). Swimming and swimming raise resistance to the effects of temperature fluctuations, bring up the persistence to colds. If the swimming is carried out in a natural reservoir, the hardening effect is also provided by the natural factors of nature - the sun and air. Swimming classes eliminate posture disorders, flatfoot, harmoniously develop almost all muscle groups - especially shoulder belts, hands, chest, abdomen, back and legs.

Swimming exercises the activities of cardiovascular and respiratory systems perfectly. In people who are systematically engaged in swimming, the magnitude of the impact volume of the heart increases, the frequency of heart cuts in peace is reduced from 60 to 55 (50) Ud / min. For comparison: non-sports do not engage in sports, heart rate usually ranges from 65 to 57 dd / min.

Swimming classes strengthen the external breathing apparatus, produce the right respiratory rhythm, increase the life capacity of lungs (jerking), since the density of water makes it difficult to perform inhale and exhalation: inhale - due to water pressure on the chest, exhalation - due to water resistance. People who are systematically engaged in swimming, have high rates and excursions chest (The magnitude of the jacket at the swimmers-athletes is within 7000cm3).

Swimming strengthens the nervous system, improves sleep, appetite and is often recommended by doctors for this purpose as a therapeutic agent. Swimming classes are widely used in medical physical culture and medicine in disruption of metabolism, cardiopulmonary failure, contractures of the articulated muscular apparatus, etc.

Especially great recovery and strengthening the impact of swimming on a children's body. Swimming can be trained by children from breast. Swimming classes strengthen the musculoskeletal system of the child, develop such physical qualities as endurance, force, speed, mobility in the joints, coordination of movements; They also form a "muscular corset" in a timely manner, contributing to the development of good posture, warning the spinal curvature, eliminate excitability and irritability. Children who are regularly engaged in swimming, differ markedly from peers that are not engaged in sports: they are higher than growth, have higher rates, flexibility, strength, are less susceptible to colds.

Regular swimming classes support the level of physical condition in adults, increase vitality. This is confirmed by observations of the physical condition of health groups, where among other types of physical exercises, swimming is applied.

Swimming is helpful and older people. As already mentioned, water is a good heat conductor, so only for 15 minutes of staying in water (at a temperature of 24 ° C), a person loses about 100 kcal of heat. In other words, for the elderly people who are difficult to carry out intensive physical work, swimming is a means of increasing the intensity of metabolic processes in the body.

Dosage and load dependent on age and physical fitness, teaching techniques, as well as the speed of developing educational material. Frequently all learning to swim children from 10 to 13 years. Education to swimming children of younger school age requires more time - due to the slow development of the techniques of movements and difficulties related to the organization of classes (they slowly undress and dress, they do not know the teams, they are easily distracted, they quickly lose interest in the task, etc.). In addition, the preparation of the training program depends on the number of classes per week, the duration of each lesson. Conditions for classes - natural or artificial water, depth and water temperature, climatic and weather - Also have a significant impact on the selection of exercises and the methodology for conducting classes. Thus, the content of the program - educational material and guidelines - must comply with the tasks of learning, age and the preparedness of engaged, the duration of the course and conditions for conducting classes.

Education of children swimming is carried out in the form of group classes. Such classes are more effective, they are inherent in the competition element. In group classes, it is more convenient to conduct educational work with children, using the effect of the collective and thereby providing good performance. However, engaged in the group, the instructor must take into account the individual features of each student as a person, as well as its ability to swim. In this regard, the method of teaching swimming is based on a combination of a group and individual approach to engaged. Children, as a rule, teach sports swimming techniques, because, vocationally, the contingent of young swimmers is a reserve for selection sports swimming; secondly, the preliminary development of a lightweight method of swimming and subsequent reappection takes longer; Thirdly, children quickly lose interest in learning "non-external" methods of swimming. In this regard, in swimming programs, it is planned to simultaneously swim in two (similar in the structure of movements) in ways: a ram on the chest and on the back. This allows you to increase the number of exercises and change the conditions for their execution. A variety of exercises not only develops motor learning, but also stimulates activity and interest in swimming classes, which is a necessary methodological requirement of working with children.

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