Thanks to propaganda healthy image Life Many of us think about the question of the ideal weight ratio and growth. Helps to solve this issue a special formula. The body mass index calculated by it, although it does not give a complete picture, but still makes it possible to decide whether obesity does there have?
What is BMI (body mass index)?
This concept introduced the Belgian sociologist and Adolphe Quetelet statistics to use the Belgian sociologist (Adolf Ketyle). BMI or BMI (in the English version the wording sounds like "Body Mass Index") is a value that allows us to relate a person's weight with its growth and understand how much they correspond to each other: there is weight in the norm, or it is lower (above) the optimal level . BMI helps doctors to solve the question whether the patient needs a weight adjustment.
Calculator CMT
The formula for calculating BMI
BMI is calculated extremely simple: a body weight, expressed in kilograms, must be divided into growth, expressed in meters and erected into the second degree (BMI is measured in kg / m?).
As an example, we calculate the BMI for a person, weighing 90 kg and growth of 165 cm:
90 kg / 1.65x1.65 \u003d 31.22
The calculated indicator indicates the presence of the first stage of obesity (this can be understood by examining the table below).
Interpretation of the indicators of BMI
BMI decoding
Up to 16 kg / m? Strong body weight deficit
From 16 to 18.5 kg / m? Body mass deficiency
From 18.5 to 25 kg / m? Normal mass Body
From 25 to 30 kg / m? The state preceding obesity (overweight)
From 30 to 35 kg / m? The first stage of obesity
From 35 to 40 kg / m? Second stage of obesity
From 40 kg / m? and above the third stage of obesity
Do not be upset if the table assumes you to a category, to put it mildly, full of people. Thus, according to the study of Israeli scientists, men with BMI are 25-27 kg / m2 (the concept relates to the presence of overweight), live longer than more soul or more complete representatives of the strong half of humanity.
How relevant is the indicator of the BMI?
It is worth remembering that
BMI
it does not always correctly reflect the position of things. Men with severe muscle mass can be attributed to the category of people suffering from obesity. Meanwhile, the content of adipose tissue is often lower than the usual norms.
Masit and racial affiliation. So, in 2000, WHO decided to reduce the threshold of obesity for representatives of the Mongoloid races (up to 25 kg / m?). At the same time, researchers propose to raise the threshold of obesity for representatives of the Negroid race and for Polynesians (up to 32 kg / m?). In order not to make mistakes, experts recommend simply to determine the central obesity index. You can also use the body volume index.
To determine the optimal body weight, a number of other indices are also applied:
1. For people whose growth is between 155 cm to 170 cm, the brocal index is perfect (this formula, by the way, is most often used in clinical practice). The formula looks like this: growth in centimeters tolerate 100 and subtract 10-15%.
2. For athletes, the Bornardt index is suitable (it is calculated taking into account the volume of the chest). The formula takes such a form: growth in centimeters multiply to the chest circumference and divided by 240.
3. It is of interest to the index of Davenport. Weight, expressed in grams need to be divided into an erected growth, expressed in centimeters (if the resulting index is greater than 3, then this indicates the presence of obesity).
What is central obesity?
Central obesity - excessive deposition of adipose tissue in the abdomen. It is determined by the ratio of the waist and thighs. For women, the indicator should not exceed 0.9, and for men - units. A hanging tummy increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and contributes to changing blood sugar levels (a large risk of diabetes mellitus). That is why, when determining the body mass index, it is so important to use the formula for calculating central obesity.
Currently, the body mass index is becoming increasingly criticized. According to the calculations, an elderly person with a pronounced tummy, but not having muscle mass, may have a minimum BMI, and bodybuilder will be recognized by a person suffering from the third stage of obesity. Not entirely and completely trust formulas and calculations - everything is too individual.
The body mass index is an important parameter that allows you to estimate the health status of strong sex.
A sharp changes in body weight always adversely affect the functioning of the body systems, therefore, both the set and weight loss are considered a deviation from the norm. However, the rapid increase in body weight is more dangerous - obesity.
For men, overweight threatens such consequences:
- diabetes;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- decrease in immunity;
- violation of the respiratory system;
- endurance loss;
- reduced performance;
- erectile dysfunction;
- infertility.
Especially frightening representatives of strong sex. The likelihood of the development of impotence and loss of ability to extend the kind against obesity. After all, the body weight is due to the collection in metabolic processes and a violation of the hormonal background.
Weight loss also leads to serious complications and worsens the health of men, manifested by such consequences:
- the weakening of the protective forces of the body;
- susceptibility of virus nature diseases (ARVI, flu, etc.);
- next to dystrophic pathological processes.
In view of this, it is important that BMI in men correspond to the norm. Maintaining normal body weight will help to save not only for a long time beautiful figure, but also health.
The value of the BMI parameter
The body mass index is a special indicator that displays the combustion and human growth.
This parameter is different for each particular patient and depends on many factors. When evaluating BMI, it is taken into account:
- sexuality;
- age category;
- the degree of muscle development;
- hormonal status;
- lifestyle.
The NIM NAMT for men is always higher than for women. Representatives of the strong floor of the middle age is an indicator more than old people or adolescents. Below 
the values \u200b\u200bof the body weight index parameter are given.
- BMI up to 16 indicates an excessive hood of men.
- BMI from 16 to 18.5 indicates a moderate body mass deficiency.
- BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 is an indicator of the norm.
- BMI from 25 to 30 serves as a symptom of non-critical (moderate) excess weight.
- CMT from 30 to 35 is characteristic of obesity 1 degree.
- CMT from 35 to 40 indicates obesity of 2 degrees.
- BMI from 40 and above is a sign of critical excess weight - obesity of 3 degrees.
In the case when the NMT indicator for men exceeds the number 40, there is a serious threat to life and to eliminate the problem of strong obesity requires operational intervention.
The probability of developing diseases on the background of obesity can be determined by assessing the value of the BMI and the amount of the waist. After all big weight It is not always a sign of a hormone background failure and disorders in the metabolism. For example, men who are engaged in weightlifting can have a lot of weight due to muscle mass and at the same time be absolutely healthy.
If the parameter of the NAM is higher than the norm and the circle in the belt reaches 102 cm and more, the risk of developing diseases against the background of obesity is significantly increasing. When the body mass index is 35 kg / m2 and above, and the waist amount from 100 cm, then this indicates a critical condition and danger to life.
In order to estimate the weight ratio towards growth, it is necessary 
take advantage of such a formula:
And \u003d m: (Rhr)
In this formula, it is an index of body mass (kg / m2), M - mass (kg), p - growth (m). For example, we calculate the BMI for men weighing 90 kg and growth of 187 cm:
And \u003d 90: (1.87 x1.87) \u003d 25.7 - which is the norm.
Such formula is widely used in practice in medicine in order to establish deviations in a state of health associated with body weight impairment. However, it is important to understand that the BMI for men can be different in each individual case. IN adolescence This diagnostic method is not used. It is also useless to rely on the indicators of the norm when measuring BMI in men engaged in weightlifting. For a developing body, the parameters will always be lower, and for the athletes of a strong physique - above.
Weight Correction
If the body mass index begins to exceed the norm or decreases, then it is necessary to seek advice from a specialist. To normalize weight, patients are assigned a special optimally suitable diet, and the power mode is individually compiled. With a slight breathtaking body 
men recommended:
- reduce food portions and food intake frequency;
- refuse products provoking a weight set;
- eat more cereals, vegetables and fruits;
- observe the power mode, take food at the same time, not for the night;
- increase physical activity;
- monitor sleep and rest mode.
If BMI for men is lower than the norm, but the body weight deficit is non-critical, then such advice should be adhered to:
- increase portions and eat more often
- increase calorie dishes by including protein products in the diet;
- perform exercise that contribute to an increase in muscle mass;
- observe recreation and sleep mode.
With a critical set or weight loss, the specialist will appoint appropriate treatment, since only the diet and the regime will be ineffective to correct body mass and prevent the development of complications.
Measuring growth, masses and volumes of body parts is included in the anthropometry system in physical examination of a person. The main indicator that needs to be calculated in this study is the body mass index (BMI). This indicator is also called the ketle index. It determines the proportionality of growth and body weight in the individual and allows us to draw conclusions about the state of human health.
How to calculate the BMI in an adult
To calculate the BMI, you need to know:- accurate human growth in meters;
- accurate human weight in kilograms.
What does the deviation speak from the NORM
Normally, the NMT indicator should be no more than 25 and at least 18. In other cases, the indicator is considered pathological. Do not immediately panic - everything has my explanation.
The indicator of BMI is greater than the norm:
- perhaps the presence of overweight;
If the result is BMI below the norm:
- it is possible to exhaust the body (insufficient body weight);
- muscle dystrophy is present;
- pathology of the bone-articular apparatus.
The results of calculating BMI are very individual. This indicator affects several additional factors that need to be considered when evaluating the results of the study.
Factors that are taken into account when evaluating BMI:
- it is necessary to take into account the morning weight, which is measured after awakening in the morning and visits to the toilet (before breakfast);
- growth should be measured standing in order to touches the heels, the lower back of the rodtomer to the meter.
What diseases can be assumed by evaluating
Most often the result of the BMI says about excess weightBut always need to find out the reason for the increased fatness of the person. This may be an alimentary obesity (due to overeating) or obesity caused by the disease.
Most of the diseases that are accompanied by a violation of metabolism, change CMT in one direction or another. As practice shows, in the compensation stage (when the disease does not progress) the indicator of the BMI increases, with pronounced symptoms of the disease (decompensation stage) the body weight decreases and the indicator of the BMI falls. But for each disease, there are still its own characteristics.
Diseases in which BMI does not correspond to the norm:
- diabetes mellitus (at 1 type there is a decrease in the indicator, with 2 types - increase);
- klinfelter syndrome (chromosomal anomaly, at which BMI is significantly reduced);
- galaktozhemia (congenital disease associated with violation of carbohydrate metabolism is characterized by a significant decrease in BMI);
- clinical depression (the state at which I do not want anything leads to either to increase, or to a decrease in BMI, which depends on the type of nervous system and metabolism);
- schizophrenia (most often accompanied by the lack of nutrition and, as a result, a decrease in BMI);
- infectious diseases (lead to physical exhaustion and decrease in the index);
- oncology (leads to a sharp change of CMT in one direction or another).
Of course, with the above diseases, it may not be external changes, but if available, it is necessary to accurately find out the cause of the pathological condition.
How to calculate BMI objectively and without errors
It is not difficult to calculate the BMI of the body, but in assessing this indicator neither muscular mass, nor the feature of the thickness of the human bone is not taken into account. This makes the indicator not objective and creates some error. That is why it is impossible to give any final assessment according to the result of alone. For a full assessment of body proportionality, several types of calculations can be used.
Other ways to measure the proportionality of the body of an adult:
- approximate indicator proper Weight The person must be 100 units less than growth (cm). For example, with a height of 170 cm, the weight should be 70 kg;
- rosto-weight indicator is calculated by the formula: body weight (kg) * 100 / height (cm). Normally, the result should be within 37-40 units. The decline in the indicator speaks of a reduced human definition and vice versa;
- the proportionality index is calculated by the formula: chest (cm) * 100 / Growth (cm). Normally, the indicator is 50-55 units. In this indicator, you can determine the type of human body (ectomorph, endomorph or mesomorph);
- the Pinny index is calculated by the formula: growth (cm) - (the volume of the chest, cm + body weight, kg). Normally, the indicator is 20 ± 5 units. If the result does not fall into the necessary parameters, the physique of a person is considered not a proportional ratio between the volume of the chest, the growth and weight of the person.
Of course, the anthropometry formulas with which the various proportions of their own body can be determined. They are not always used in practical medicine, but still have a place to be.
The human body is individual and does not always coincide with perfect proportions. Do not worry hard on this. If you feel beautiful, you should not rape yourself with diets and exercise. Bring out an active lifestyle, do not abuse sweet products, and your body will be sports, taut and in its own way.
Body mass index - This is a calculated assessment, with which you can determine the compliance of human growth. According to the results of the calculation, an approximate assessment of body weight is given whether it is normal, insufficient or excessive.BMI was developed by statistical and sociologist Adolf Ketle in the XIX century.
To calculate the body mass index, the following formula is used - body weight in kg is divided into growth in meters, erected into the second degree.
For example, for a person in growth 180 cm and weight 85 kg Calculation is the following: (85 / (1.8x1.8)) \u003d 26
The World Health Organization (WHO) offered the following classification of BMI values:
- below 18.5 - Mass deficiency is observed. Usually, the mass deficit is associated with chronic diseases, nutritional impairment, nervous ailments, as well as anorexia;
- from 18.5 to 25 - Normal mass. Normal body weight characterizes a healthy weight required for the body's full-fledged life;
- from 25 to 30 - Excess body mass. Excessive body weight increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and increases the load on all organs. With this indicator, CM should preferably stick to the diet and receive aerobic loads to bring BMI to normal values;
- over 30. - Obesity. Obesity can be accompanied by a whole series of diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, various tumors. In obesity, the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases increases by 30%. For the treatment of obesity and stabilization of weight, you must consult a doctor.
Also for calculating BMI has a table:
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Body mass index for men and women
The above-mentioned CMT classification is not related to the human floor and is designed for age of 22-45 years.
Normal body weight is characterized by an indicator of CMT 19-24 for women and 20-25 for men.
Also need to be considered various features Teams. A man with a developed muscles may have a "excess" BMI, but obesity will not be observed, since muscle Heavy fat.
With age, the magnitude of the normal BMI is gradually increasing. Indicators BMI for children differ from the indicators of AMT adults, because children have other proportions of the body, respectively, another amount of adipose tissue.
The calculation of the NAMT, taking into account the age, leads to the following results:
- The National Norma, depending on the age in children hesitates from 15 before 18 ;
- 19-24 years: Normal CMT is 19,5 In women I. 21,4 in men;
- 25-34 years: The NORM is equal to 23,2 In women I. 21,6 in men;
- 35-44: CMT is normal 23,4 For women I. 22,9 in men;
- 45-54 years: The NORM is equal to 25,2 In women I. 25,8 in men;
- after 55 years: CMT is normal 27,3 In women I. 26,6 In men.
Degree of obesity
Indicator BMI over 30. Speaks about obesity. There are three degrees of obesity:
- BMI 30-35 speaks of the first degree of obesity;
- 35-40 - the second degree of obesity;
- over 40 - Third degree.
Obesity may cause many dangerous diseases. The consequences of obesity include diseases such as:
- calcification arteries;
- arthrosis of various character;
- blood coagulation disorders, thrombus formation;
- increased blood pressure;
- diabetes;
- disorders of metabolism of various nature;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- oncological diseases of the kidneys, liver, stomach, chest glands;
- increased tendency to depression.
Obesity is a state that requires medical intervention. For the treatment of obesity, a strict diet is used, drug preparations for suppressing appetite, psychotherapy and regular classes sports.
Currently, the BMI is rarely used to diagnose obesity and as a universal magnitude of physical health.
The results of the latest medical research show that obesity is not always accompanied by diseases, and insufficient weight, on the contrary, is more dangerous to health.
According to research about 35% of patients with very high BMI (more than 40) have absolutely normal metabolism. And in 8% of people with normal BMI Revealed problems with metabolism.
As a result, this group of patients increases the risk of obtaining diseases, more peculiar to people with obesity. In addition, scientists have discovered the inexplicable phenomenon that they called the "obesity paradox".
This phenomenon is that people having overweight are less likely to die from heart diseases than people with normal or insufficient weight.
A large-scale experiment showed that people with BMI less than 18 tried three times the cup dying from heart disease. All this data suggests that BMI, despite the simplicity of calculation, is not a correct meter of health, because when it is calculated, a large number of factors affecting human health are overlooked.
For example, the types of fatty sediments, the ratio of fat and muscles, age, gender, racial affiliation, hereditary predisposition are not taken into account.
The study has shown that currently there is a need to develop a more accurate methodology for assessing the health of people, especially those of overweight or its disadvantage.
(BMI, in English) shows what weight in kilograms accounted for 1 meter of body square. This CMT computation was developed by Adolf Ketle over 150 years ago, and, oddly enough, this formula is still used.
What gives us the definition of BMI? The calculation of the coefficient will show the ratio of human growth to its weight, as a result of which one can determine whether the mass of the body is normal, insufficient or excessive. The growth ratio for weight should be normal, otherwise the deviation may affect your health.
How to find out?
The body mass index based on only growth and weight is calculated. Of course, it is impossible to apply one formula to all. It is also necessary to take into account the floor, the age of man, his lifestyle. Depending on these criteria, people have a different ratio of fat and muscles. Defining the BMI, you need to take into account all your indicators (if you have a sports physique, the high indicator may turn out to be normal for you).
There are several formulas for which this index can be defined. Broken formula was used: BMI \u003d growth (centimeters) - 100. Today it is believed that this formula is suitable for women 40-50 years old, for girls 20-30 years old the index should be less than 10%, and for ladies for 50 is allowed An indicator that is more than 5-7%. In addition, the IMT formula is now takes into account the amendment on the type of physique.
How to calculate on the CM Calculator?
Optimally, to determine the index to use the formula ketle. To do this, take the calculator. Enter your weight in kilograms and divide the height twice (growth is pre-translate to meters). The number you received is and is your body mass index. That is, the NAMT formula: the weight, divided into growth, erected into the square.
For example, we calculate the BMI for a woman with a growing 165 cm and weighing 56 kg. Immediately translate growth in meters, it will turn out to be 1.65 m. Determine the body mass index:
56/(1,65*1,65)= 56/ 2,7225=20,57.
In this example, for this woman, the obtained NMT indicator is at the level of the norm.
Table Index
In the definition of how your indicator is located, the Special Nature Table will help you. It is easy to use, you only need to determine your body mass index.
Health Dependence on BMI | Harm health |
|||
Anorexia | ||||
Lack of body weight | ||||
| - | ||||
Increased body weight | Possible threat to health |
|||
Obesity | degree I. | Increased |
||
degree II. | ||||
degree III | ||||
obesity IV. | Extremely high |
|||
Only on this table, when determining the body weight, it is not true, for men and women norms are different, it is also necessary to carry out the calculation of the BMI, taking into account age, for children and adolescents, indicators differ.
Calculation for men
Usually men are less than the index index, but when the time comes to go to the army, everyone immediately needs to consider it. After all, this indicator may be decisive and serve as a temporary deferment. Here are the men and begin to think about what they have. The calculation is carried out in the same way, the following are rules for men:
- less than 18 - weight insufficient;
- 18.5-23.8 - norm;
- 23.9-28.5 - overweight;
- 29 and above - obesity.
In Israel, the rule is slightly higher, it was clarified after research. It was observed that men with the index of 25-27 had a faster health. These numbers are not in each case are the norm. For example, a man involved in boxing or strength trainingwill weigh much more than the norm, but this does not mean that he has overweight.
Calculation for women
Everything is different for women. Every girl necessarily thinks about his weight and how close is it to the ideal body mass index. The formula ketle will also help here. If your index:
- less than 19 - insufficient weight;
- 20-25 - norm;
- 26-30 - there is an excessive mass;
- 31 and higher - you have obesity.
If you wish to determine the body mass index to decide how much kilograms should be lost, it is better to contact this question to a nutritionist. Calculating BMI, the calculation will be based on, based not only on the formula of the ketle, but using and additional formulas. It will determine the exact index, taking into account the peculiarities of your body, as well as the lifestyle. It is not recommended to calculate the BMI during pregnancy, since the data will be false.
The norms of the index in men and women differ for several reasons. First, men have more muscleSecondly, the physique is more thin (due to physiological characteristics).
Calculation for children
Determine the body mass index for children is more difficult for children, the child is still growing, changes. But here our formula will help you. Calculations are carried out in the same way. To facilitate this process and not perform calculations every time you will be helped by centuries. In these tables it is easy to figure out. To determine the BMI, you will need growth data, weight and child age. The first and last columns in the table show the minimum and maximum indexes, and in the middle columns there are normal indicators for this age. To create these tables, a large-scale collection of information was carried out, in which about 1000 children were involved. The valuable CMT table for children is presented below.
Increasing the body weight of your child in the first or recent columns means that he has a weight deficit or obesity, respectively. In this case, urgently need to take action if the child's body weight falls into the middle columns, then everything is in order (these are NAM indicators - the norm for the specified age).
Calculation of BMI teen
The teenager, everything is also ambiguous, to determine the index is difficult, and the norm of girls and boys aged 12-16 years old. Girls grow earlier, therefore the index should be higher. In order to determine the BMI of the teenager, it is also necessary to use a central table.
What can I tell CMT about your body?
The body mass index acts as a general statistical indicator, but it can serve as a starting point for achieving perfect Figure. Even if the origin received is the norm according to the criteria, this does not mean that your body is in excellent condition. Those, of course, you do not need to lose weight, but you probably need a fitness program to pull your body. If your index is slightly higher than the norm, you do not need to reduce yourself with a diet, right ration And fitness will be returned to you.
If BMI is far from the norm and close to obesity, it is worth seriously thinking over the problem and take yourself in hand, because the matter is not only not so much in external beauty. Having a large overweight, you risk your health.
Recall once again, which is a body mass index. This is a coefficient showing how many kilograms accounted for 1 meter of the body. To determine the BMI, there is a simple formula, well, if you do not have time to count or not at hand the calculator, you can always use the online calculator. It should be remembered that the norm of the index is determined by everyone in different ways for men and women their data. To determine the norm in children and adolescents, you should use the central table for the appropriate age.
If you have determined the norm, and it turned out to be higher, it does not always speak about excess weight. To obtain a correct CMT, the calculation should be carried out not only on the basis of growth and weight, it should also be considered the peculiarities of its body. If you are an athlete (athlete) and have a big muscular weightYour norm should be higher than for ordinary men and women. If your index turned out to be higher than the norm, it is not always bad, the main thing is that you can comfortably and like the condition of your own body.