Redued muscle tone in adults. Muscle tone disorders in children: hypotone, hypertonus, dystonia

The causes of hypertonus are a group of factors that provoke excess voltage in any muscle groups, which is preserved at the time of their relaxation. With the increased tone of the muscle of the person dense, composed, arbitrary movements are difficult, sometimes painful.

Increased muscle tone is one of the main syndromes of neurological diseases and disorders of the nervous system. The brain signals are incorrectly transmitted by nerve fibers, they are falsely interpreted either do not reach the place of their destination, which is the cause of the incorrect, slow down muscle response. It can be conditionally distinguished by three types of hypertonus, depending on the group of people, which is observed:

1. Hypertonus of the uterus of pregnant women;
2. Hypertonus in children (infants);
3. Hypertonus in adults.

These three types of tone are characterized by different signs, have a number of different reasons and consequences, need different kinds of treatment.

Hypertonus is not a disease, but only its manifestation, syndrome. Thus, treatment provides for the initially correct diagnosis.

Increased tone of uterus in pregnant women

Many pregnant women face the problem of the hypertonus of the uterus, which is a muscular organ. Excessive stress of the uterus of a pregnant woman can be dangerous for the future child and cause the abortion of pregnancy, especially in the early deadlines, when the embryo has not yet attached enough to her walls. The body perceives the embryo as an alien object and tries to get rid of it, push out from the uterus through its abbreviations. Sometimes a woman can absolutely not feel the tone, but most often his signs are:

• pulling pain at the bottom of the abdomen or lower back;
• "Petition" of the abdomen, he becomes solid, changes the form;
• uncharacteristic allocations, sometimes bloody.

Since the consequence of the tone of the uterus can be miscarriage, at the first signs it is worth consulting a doctor. According to the results of inspection, analyzes, the ultrasound doctor determines the cause of this pathological state and prescribes the necessary treatment.

Causes of uterine hypertonus during pregnancy:

• physical exercise;
• overwork;
• stress, nervous state of pregnant;
• diseases of women's reproductive organs such as: misa, endometriosis, inflammation;
• infectious disease pregnant women;
• hormonal disorders, for example, the level of male hormone is higher than women.

When eliminating the tone of the uterus in pregnant women, a doctor needs to find the cause of this phenomenon. Basically women require incentive treatment, full of peace, minimum of movements and physical exertion, emotional equilibrium. A pregnant woman should understand what is responsible not only for his life, but also for the life of his future child, therefore it is not necessary to deal with self-medication, and at the very first suspicions to seek medical attention.

Hypertonus in Breastnikov

In 90 cases out of 100, the children of the first months of life there is an increased muscle tone. There are two main reasons for such a state of babies:

• physiological features;
• violations in the work of the CNS.

In the first case, the tone of the muscles in the kid is explained by the fact that during the period of intrauterine life, the child was in a limited, small space of the Mother's uterus and his posture was forced, the so-called embryo pose. Pens and legs from the fetus pressed to the body, and the chin to the chest. After the birth for the crumbs, such a posture is the most familiar and safe, the baby needs to get used to the new world around him, usually the muscles are gradually relaxed to the 3rd months, and the elevated tone passes by itself, I do not need treatment. However, if the hypertonus is saved after 3 months, it may say that the baby's nervous system suffered. The main causes of hypertonus in children over 3 months lies in the impact of negative factors during the period of intrauterine development of the fetus, diseases, generic injuries. It may be:

• harmful habits of the future mother: smoking, alcohol, narcotic substances;
• infectious diseases transferred by the mother during pregnancy, or its chronic diseases;
• early or late toxicosis of pregnant, tone of the uterus, threat of miscarriage;
• rhow conflict mother and fetus;
• perinatal encephalopathy;
• rapid or protracted childbirth;
• hypoxia fetal intrauterine or in the process of childbirth;
• various generic injuries.

Usually neurologists are prescribed to children with an increased tone of the muscles of the procedure, which can only remove the main symptoms, but they do not find the causes of violations, do not solve problems. For example:

• physiotherapy;
• physiotherapy;
• aromatherapy;
• massotherapy;
• medical treatment.

Most effective method The treatment of hypertonus in small children is osteopathic. Osteopathian examines the human body as a whole, and all of its systems and organs sees interconnected. Osteopaths can treat one body, while affecting another, revealing the cause of pathology and struggling with its consequence. Osteopathic treatment is based on a special massage. The doctors' fingers are extremely sensitive and susceptible, and movements and manipulations are very soft and gentle. That is why the impact of osteopathic techniques for infants is safe, painless and efficiently. Osteopath can easily help not formed finally nervous kid system fully function.

Increased adult muscle tone

In an adult, the muscle tone is observed as a consequence of the work of the nervous system, this is one of the indicators of the presence of neurological diseases. 2 types of increased tone are distinguished: spastic (localized) and rigid (spreads to all muscles at the same time). The cause of hypertonus can be:

• demyelinizing neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis;
• pathological processes in the bead and spinal cord vessels (stroke);
• various injuries of the head or spinal cord;
• violation of the functioning of nerve impulses.

In the spastic type of tone, there is a disorder of nervous centers and conductive paths, and with rigid - pathology of the head or spinal cord.

Hypertonus in adults - a sign of a serious neurological violation that arose due to the presence of severe diseases of the nervous system. In this case, the most rationally use complex therapy. Along with traditional medicine, osteopathy can come to the rescue, which significantly facilitates the patient's condition. Ostepatic techniques are very soft, they bring a patient a feeling of relaxation, peacekeeping, heat. Osteopath's hands can improve the operation of muscles, blood flow, affect bones and joints, while it struggles not with clinical manifestations of the disease, but with his cause. Osteopath launches the necessary mechanisms, which are similar to the hourly mechanism normalize the work of the entire body as a whole.

Muscular tone is one of the physiological properties of the human body. The nature of this state has not yet been established, but there are several theories that specialists adhere to. The muscle tension at rest may be changed under the influence of external factors or diseases of the nervous system. There are two types of pathology: hypertonus and hypotone. In the article, consider in detail their symptoms and treatment.

The value of muscular tone

The tonic tension of the muscles is the normal physiological state of the human body, which is carried out on the reflex level. Without it, it would be impossible to perform many movements, as well as keep the position of the body. Muscle tone supports the body in readiness to active action. This is its main purpose.

What is the mechanism of muscle working during normal tone? If all the fibers of the fabric are involved when performing movement, then they are replaced by each other. While strained alone, others relax. Interestingly, the process directly affects the psycho-emotional state of a person. For example, a decrease in muscle tone leads to a decrease in performance and is observed mainly during sleep. The condition is accompanied by natural tranquility: excessive excitement is significantly reduced.

Regulation of muscle tone is carried out with the help of alpha and gamma-motioneons, afferent fibers and spindles. Pulses come from the brain. For maintenance of muscle tone, the cerebellum corresponds to the medium brain (red core, black substance, four, with damage to neurons responsible for tonic stress, there are violations: hypotension or muscle hypertension.

Diagnosis in adult patients

Changing the tone can occur for various reasons. Most often these are diseases of the nervous system or a complex psycho-emotional state. It is engaged in the problem of disruption of muscle tone neuropathologist or orthopedist. To correctly make a diagnosis, inspection. The muscle tension is evaluated in a relaxed state and with passive movements using special tests: the fall of the head, the suspension-pronation, swinging legs, shaking the shoulders and others.

Inspection is quite difficult: not every patient can fully relax. At the same time, the doctor's qualifications are also important - the rate of passive movements is influenced by the status assessment. External factors can also distort the results: muscle tone varies under the influence of temperature and mental state. The most difficult situations require repeated inspection.

Tone in children up to year

In the mother's womb, the fruit is very closely, so all the muscles are in constant voltage. After birth, the kid has a physiological hypertonus. In this case, the head is trapped back, and the legs and knobs are given to the body.

On which muscles are tense, the child's position in the womb is affected and in the generic process. For example, with a facial preview, an elevated tone of the neck is observed (the newborn throws the head back). With the position of the "forward buttocks", the legs of the child are divorced to the sides, forming an angle of 90 °. Lying on the bed, the baby tries to take the usual embryo pose.

Diagnosis of tone in kids

Conducting inspection, pediatrician or neuropathologist assesses the state of the tone of the child's muscles according to the following signs:

• In 1 month, the baby, lying on the stomach, tries to raise the head and keeps it for a few seconds. Legs makes flexible movements, as if crawling. If you substitute your hand under the foot, it will repel from it.
• By 3 months the child confidently holds his head. If you raise it in a vertical position, the legs will make movements like when walking. A child can rely on the foot. If you put it on your back and pull the handles, it will pull up at the expense of your own forces.
• Up to 6 months, the baby turns away from his belly on his back, trying to get up on all fours, keeps small objects in his hands.
• By year, the child is confidently sitting, trying to walk with support and itself develops

If the baby cannot make one of the following actions due to excessive tensions or, on the contrary, muscle weakness, talk about pathology. Additionally, the doctor assesses the symmetry of the tone. To do this, alternately bend, extension the handles and the legs of the child. Observe both active movements in different positions Body. The deviation from the norm is considered to be hypotonus, hypertonus, preserving even during sleep, and muscle dystonia.

Types of hypertonus and causes of its development

Elevated muscular tone can manifest in different ways. Experts distinguish:

• Spasty - develops due to the cranial and brain and spinal injuries, meningitis, encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, sclerosis, stroke. It is characterized by uneven distribution of hypertonus when only certain muscle groups are exposed to the spasm.
• Rigidity is a sharp increase in the tone of skeletal muscles, due to diseases of the nervous system, poisoning some poisons.
• Gegenhalten - sharply increasing muscle resistance in passive movements of any type. It occurs due to the damage to mixed or corticospinal paths in the frontal brain departments.
• Miotonia is characterized by a slowdown in the relaxation of tense muscles after active movements.
• Psychogenic hypertension - during the seizure is formed by "hysterical arc".

In children, the cause of the development of hypertonus is generic injuries, hypoxia in childbirth, damage to the nervous system and brain, meningitis, excessive excitability or hyperactivity.

Symptoms of Hypertonus

Muscle hypertension is expressed in their voltage in a relaxed state. The disease can be determined by the following features:

• reduction of motor functions, stiffness in muscles;
• seals;
• feeling of constant voltage;
• soreness;
• spasms;
• considerable muscle resistance in passive movements;
• in children, there is a flexibility, an increased nervous excitability, an increase in muscle resistance when reducing flexitive-extensive movements;
• in a vertical position with a support on the legs, the baby presses the feet, becoming tiptoe;
• the slowdown in the motorcycle development of the child (not sacing, does not crawl, does not go in the right age).

Note Hyperthonus in an adult or child is easy, especially on medium and heavy stage. The gait is changed, the actions are carried out shabby, with great difficulty. The kids are clamped and tense, often shout and sleep well, they react painfully to any, even insignificant, noise. After meals there are abundant joins.

Causes and symptoms of muscle hypotension

Weak muscle tone is characterized by a low tension of the fabric in a relaxed state, which is why it becomes difficult to put them into action. This is mainly due to damage or diseases of the spinal cord, cerebellum or extrapyramidal disorders and cerebellar damage. The attacks occur, during which the muscle tone is temporarily reduced. This occurs in the acute phase of stroke or with a tumor of the mid-brain.

Weak muscular tone in children meets less frequent hypertension. Its appearance can be provoked by prematurity, slow down the development of the brain, damage to the peripheral nerves during the generic process, congenital vices, Down syndrome, Rakhit.

Symptoms of muscle hypotension in kids are:

• lethargy, too relaxed condition;
• breathing disorders, impossibility to swallow, suck;
• weak motor activity;
• excessive drowsiness, poor weight set.

Violation of the muscular tone in the direction of its reduction can be observed in adulthood. Various diseases usually lead to this: muscle dystrophy, sepsis, rickets, meningitis, Sandord Syndrome. The condition is accompanied by physical weakness, reduced resistance when making passive movements. The joints during bending themselves will be instilled, the muscles are soft.

Muscular dystonia in adults and children

With muscle dystonia, an uneven tone is observed. At the same time, there are signs of both hypotension and hypertension. The main symptoms of dystonia in children and adults are:

• excessive tension of certain muscles and the relaxation of others;
• spastic cuts;
• legs or hands;
• fast or slow movements of individual parts of the body.

The state is developing in connection with genetic, infectious diseases, generic injuries, strongest intoxication.

Treatment

Muscle tone is important in time to normalize, especially in childhood. The progression of symptoms leads to violation of movements, scoliosis, cerebral paralysis, slow development. There are several methods of treatment:

• massage with muscle tone gives good results, for this, the muscles stroke the muscles, stretch, stretch, they train their strength, performing physiological movements (bending-extension);
• medical gymnastics, including in water;
• physiotherapy: electrophoresis, ultrasound, treatment with warm water and mud;
• in difficult cases, medicines are used, including vitamins of groups B, Dibazole, Middokalm can be appointed.

With hypertonus muscles try to relax with the help of strokes, medicinal injuries, light massage, stretching. In hypotension, on the contrary, stimulate motor movements, performing exercises of muscle tone. Significantly improves the patient's condition.

The impaired muscle tone is a common problem in children of the first year of life and adults with diseases of the nervous system. It is fairly easy to treat with massages, less often medicines. Mobility returns to normal, and there is no trace from the problem. The main thing is to begin treatment in time, without allowing serious disorders and deviations in the development of the skeleton and muscles.

Muscle tone problems are one of the manifestations of diseases of the nervous system. Among them, Hypertonus is considered the most common disease.

Muscular tone is the residual voltage of the main muscle groups when relaxing them, as well as during elevated physical exertion. In addition, it may be part of the resistance to passive movements with arbitrary muscle relaxation of various groups. The muscle tone can be described as minimal muscle tension that persists against the background of relaxation and rest.

The change of tone can be caused by painful states and traumatic damage different levels muscular system organism. Depending on which particular violation takes place, the tone can be elevated or low. In clinical practice, doctors are most often faced with the concept of hypertonus - an increased tone of muscles. Its common signs are muscle tension, their excessive density and small volume of movements. A person feels some discomfort, the amplitude of the movements performed by them decreases. He can be better after massage or mechanical rubbing the skin surface. Moderate hypertonus is characterized by muscle spasms causing acute pain. More sevetent situations are characterized by muscle seals, as a result of which the response to the mechanical effects is quite painful.

What is dangerous muscle hypertonus?

Hypertonus muscles is dangerous at any age, but he is especially dangerous for children. Parents must be reacting to its manifestations, since if not to take action, the following consequences are possible:

• persistent violations of normal coordination of movements;
• disorders of the full development of motility movements;
• bad posture and heavy gait;
• frequent and severe pains in the lumbar spine;
• problems with speech at all stages of development.

Also, the muscle hypertonus is very dangerous in adults at any age. He is able to cause such consequences:

• violations of normal coordination of movements;
• development of persistent and strong pain in the muscles and joints;
• violations of normal gait;
• severity during posture and movements;
• violations of the normal process of blood circulation in the muscles.

The danger of the hypertonus of muscle groups is also in the unpredictability of its detection time. The consequences can manifest itself many years in the form of the development of pathological conditions and the failure of many vital organs and systems.

Types of increased muscle tone

Types of increased muscle tone differ in patients depending on their age and sexuality. Below is several basic variants of the described state.

Plastic

So called the special state of musculature of skeletal muscles, which occurs as a result of organic or functional disorders of the brain activity. It is a part of a state that is interpreted as catalepsy. The manifestations of such a type of hypertonus are explained by the development of such a state in the body, in which the functions of formations in the cerebral subcortex are violated. Treatment is prescribed mainly stationary, as a result of which therapy is carried out by the effects of what is happening and eliminated by all associated symptoms.

With plastic hyperthonus, persistent impairment of muscle groups undergoing reinforcement, as well as destruction over the time of cells of the cerebral cords. Symptoms and external signs of stochastic spasm in the influence of the tone of muscle groups are developing.

Spastic

Such a type of hypertonus is characterized by uniform involuntary reductions in muscle groups in the main areas of lesion. It is accompanied by resistant pains in the described places that have the likelihood of subsequent repetition. Spastic spasms are periodic, occurring at equal intervals, and constant, which are characterized by the regularity and persistent nature of the flow. For such a kind of described condition, a persistent violation of the coordination of movement in the subsequent, the development of neuralgia of affected muscle groups and regular motor activity disorders is characterized. Treatment In this case, a symptomatic, aimed at eliminating external symptoms, depending on the type of manifestation in each specific situation. It is mostly observed in people of old age, while there are cases of its occurrence in adolescents and relatively young people.

Causes of high tone

The reasons for the high muscle tone are not always associated with a violation of the functioning of various organs and organism systems. They can also be purely physiological:

1. Excessive load on spinal muscles. This happens in cases where they need to work for a long period of time, due to the complete exhaustion of the energy supply available to their disposal. As a result, the muscle fibers in a certain position occurs. Mobility is returned with very large difficulty, for this you need to spend a very large amount of energy.
2. Frequent stays in an inconvenient position. This is a very common cause, according to statistics noted by about 65% of all cases. In particular, this refers to people, a lot and long working at the computer. Load in this case falls on the cervical department. Similar backgrounds have gardens, suffering from elevated hypertonus muscles of the back. Eliminated which is hard enough.
3. The body's reaction to pain. Muscle spasm very often is an involuntary response to muscle pain. The muscles of the dorsal muscles are observed in cases where the injury of infant, cervical and lumbar departments spinal column. The spine at the same time suffers greatly and experiencing significant inconveniences.
4. Stresses and constantly received bruises.

The occurrence of hypertonus often leads frequently found diseases. Of all their diversity, you can note the following:

• the occurrence of tumors in the patient's brain;
• strokes;
• parkinson's disease;
• epilepsy attacks;
• frequent tetanus cases;
• sclerosis scattered form;
• cerebral palsy;
• other possible impaired muscle and motor activity.

The list can be continued indefinitely. The patient's high tone can be noted at any age and observe in virtue of various circumstances. A loyal understanding of the causes of what is happening is the basis for the purpose of the elimination of such a disease.

Characteristic symptoms

Signs of the described state diverse and depends on the age of the patient and the nature of its health status. Basically, symptoms are reduced to some manifestations described below.

In children

The symptoms of high muscle tone in children are noted as follows:

• the child begins to hold the head substantially before the deadline;
• for about the third month of his life, the baby still does not know how to open his palm in order to grab and keep the thing that needs it;
• the toddler head is constantly leaked into the same side;
• the child is constantly trembling and the chin is twisted, he often disjects the arc and his head throws back;
• in the case of Hypertonus, a child on his back, he often jumps out and regularly sick.

Such symptoms are not constant and may vary over time. In addition, depending on the age of the baby, as they grow up, they can dilute other manifestations.

In adults

Hypertonus in adults manifests itself somewhat differently. Among its main symptoms can be noted:

• strong, stable pain in the affected springs;
• disorders coordination movements;
• feeling of muscle congestion with long staying in a certain body position;
• motor activity failures;
• difficulties with stay long in a certain position;
• development of problems with the musculoskeletal system;
• other symptoms characteristic of the disease in question.

In an adult, symptoms may vary over time and depend on its general physiological state. With the development of symptoms of such a phenomenon, a deterioration in the general state of the patient is observed.

How to remove hypertonus?

Removing the symptoms of the described kind is possible by various methods. Below is the listing of some of them.

Physiotherapeutic methods

Among the most common methods of physiotherapy are paraffin and electrophoresis. In particular, such techniques prove their own effectiveness when applying them for small children. Physiotherapy acts in this situation as one of the options for psychotherapy.

With children, a preventive interview is carried out, the basics of what is happening and removed possible causes of fears causing the problems described. In addition, the complex of physiotherapeutic procedures may include a massage practice in addition to basic measures of impact.

Exercise and Massage

Among the physical exercises, complexes of muscular and articular gymnastics and exercises for strengthening skeletal muscles are distinguished. Complex is recommended gymnastic exercises According to the development of the spine. They include a series of exercises performed on the floor from the position of lying on the back. A series of consistently performed twistings also contributes to the alignment of squeezed muscle groups and straightening muscle fibers in various parts of the body. Special results are achieved in this issue when performing a set of exercises traditional yoga. Among them, it is necessary to allocate asans, built on twisting all sorts of body parts. It is recommended such a simple option. From the position of lying on the back, straighten your arms to the sides, after which the right foot stretch to the left hand. Shovels if possible from the floor not to tear off. Hold half a minute. Then return to the original position and perform twisting in the opposite direction. Withstand similar time. Regular practice Performing similar exercises will be quite sufficient to maintain the effect of stable straightening of fixed muscles.

Massage is performed primarily in the most shedding places of the body, usually it is a back and loin. The smoothing movements are made clockwise and consistently against it. If necessary, you can perform pressure on the most intense areas, follow this so that the patient does not experience excessive pain. Subsequently, with a gradual alignment of the situation and weakening as a result of the execution of these techniques of clamps in the muscles, the time of massage procedures should be gradually reduced.

Medication tools

Among the medical drugs recommended in such situations, soothing means are distinguished. Often, herbal infusions, tea with daisy and ginseng are used to counter emotional splashes. This applies to the number of non-traditional funds, traditional medicine.

For treatment with pharmaceutical preparations, muscle relaxants and antispatic agents are used. When they are choosing, the ability of drugs to carry out the functions of the containment of convulsive muscles is taken into account. Spasticity decreases, and there is no impact on the indicators of muscle groups and their elasticity.

Among the Miorlaxants, which are most often used in the country: Tizandine, Tolperison, Baclofen, Gedozepam. It is recommended to use them solely for the appointment of the doctor, self-medication in such situations is contraindicated.

Features of the treatment of hypertonus in children

The main feature of therapy in young children is attentiveness to the manifestations of such a state and the timeliness of taking measures to eliminate it. On time, the appointed treatment helps to get rid of the problem status quickly and without problems.

The doctor can recommend a child to calm the bath with a cheese, also applied mother and sage. All these herbs have a qualitative sedative effect and the ability to eliminate Hypertonus at any stage of its development. The course of treatment is ten days from the date of the first application. Use is assumed daily, from the first to the tenth day.

A favorable effect is to use for the treatment of lavender and rosehip in the optimally selected combination. You can also replace the eucalyptus, the general practical results do not deteriorate from this.

All children, regardless of their age, shown swimming. It is capable of working to act on the baby's nervous system, remove the nerve impulses in the muscles and adjust the child to a favorable way. Karapuz not necessarily, from the first days of life, should be with parents in the pool. Enough swimming in the bathroom, with a special circle, put on the neck of the baby. In the future, as the baby grows, you can use the pool and swim the time set for each age. The child is shown massages after swimming in the presence of certain problems with the clamps of the muscles. It is recommended that you first get advice from the attending physician to generate therapy measures and subsequent elimination of the problems described.

You can read more about the treatment of infants in the article "Hypertonus in Breasts - Baby (Children)".

Muscular tone is an involuntary voltage of our muscles. This process is constant. Our consciousness and will do not control it.

You did not think how the muscles are strained? What controls them? If the muscle tone is in a normal state, then we do not notice it. This is our familiar state that does not cause any discomfort. Despite the fact that we do not attach the values \u200b\u200bto this, the tone exists.

This is an important characteristic of our muscle system. It affects the condition of all organs and systems. Without her we will not be able to move normally, walk and even stand.

An important function of the skeletal muscles is to maintain your working condition. They should be in full readiness at any time, regardless of whether we sleep or awake. And still reflexively tone of the muscular system helps us maintain a certain position of our body.

What is the norm and that deviation

What is the difference between the tonic tension of the muscles and the usual? If the voltage is arbitrary, then a number of muscle fibers are used simultaneously.

Imagine that every fiber is a lit light bulb. During random voltage, the whole muscle will look like a bright fiery beam. But in the case of a tonic tension, it will already be reminded by the stars of the sky. Notice the difference?

In the second case, the fibers will not join the work not all at once, but in turn: one is strained, and others relax. Thanks to this economy, fibers can work for a very long time. In the distribution of tonic stress, the sensitivity of muscles and joints plays a decisive role.

As studies have shown, muscle tone can be very different from different people. Even one person in different moments of his life will change this indicator. For example, when we sleep, the tone is lowered. During mental or physical work, it will rise, and during rest and rest will again decrease. With reduced tone, working capacity is lost, but the high tone will interfere productively work.

It is curious that the muscle tone can influence the state of the psyche of a person. As it turned out when the tone changes, our emotions also undergo changes. His decline can reassure a person and even immerse in sleep. But mentally controlling this indicator is quite difficult.

Hyperthonus - about the causes and consequences

If the muscles are in pathologically high tone, such signs can be alarmed about it:

• • their density increased;
  • does not leave the sense of tension;
  • you feel the depths;
  • movement is stolen;
  • you feel the fatigue of the muscles;
  • the growth rate of the muscles slowed down;
  • muscular spasms often appear with acute pain.

There are two varieties of hypertonus:

1. 1. Spasty. At different groups of muscles, the tone is broken in different ways.
   2. Muscular rigidity. The tone is equally high on all muscle groups.

Why Hypertonus appears

Most often, this pathology is associated with violation of the nervous system. It is from her that the signals occur, after which the muscles relax or strain. It is she who controls their tone. Elevated muscle tone can appear for various reasons:

• • cardiovascular diseases (with them the CNS is damaged);
  • neurological pathology congenital;
  • due to injury was damaged by the head or spinal cord;
  • a person has demyelinizing diseases.

And the tone may depend on the psychological state. Our CNS often perceives various kinds of shocks and stress as a potential threat, and powered muscular tone. A little affect the tone and weather conditions. In warm, the muscles are relaxed, and the cold provokes their tension.

Typs of muscular tone disorders

Muscle tone impairment:

Muscle tone is observed in most newborns. At first, this is a normal phenomenon. It is due to the fact that the kid after the pose of the embryo should get used to the new position of the body. Do not be afraid if your baby was diagnosed with muscle dystonia.

Tonus is an important characteristic of the state of the nervous system of the child and its general condition. Its disorders can be a symptom of serious CNS pathologies, spinal and brain. For example, dystonia always accompanies elevated intracranial pressure.

Tonus disorders can provoke physical and mental delays. Such kids later begin to crawl, sit, walk.

Therefore, it is worth showing the baby to the neurologist. A special group of risk is kids who were born ahead of time, "Caesaryat", children with a small weight.

The effects of tone disorders for children can be different:

• • maybe the posture, gait, sometimes there is a circuit;
  • hypertonus may later go to hyperbalability, the child will be inattentive, he learns poorly, will begin to show aggression;
  • the hypotonus leads to physical and psychological lethargy, apathy, hypodynamines, obesity, developmental lag.

Parents should be alert if:

• • the feet of the newborn is bred by more than 90 degrees, it is a symptom of hypotonus;
  • breeding the hypers of the child, you feel excessive resistance, it is a symptom of hypertonus;
  • the symptom of the tone disorders is an unnatural pose of a child in a crib. In pathology, it can shrink in a lump or, on the contrary, to be broken as frog;
  • the child eats badly, crying for no reason, throwing back the head;
  • seizures and elevated temperature are observed;
  • the kid is not rulite, does not smile.

If the tone correction is needed, the healing massage is most often appointed. He is prescribed to the kids after one and a half months age.

Medical therapy is infrequently used. Specific treatment will depend on the reasons that caused dystonia. Do not be afraid of massage.

The main thing is to perform his experienced and qualified children's massage therapist. A good professional massage normalizes the muscle tone, improves blood circulation, stabilizes the work of the nervous system.

It is useful to make a child a simple charging:

1. 1. Make him back, leg legs. It is impossible to affect the zone area.
   2. Massion palms, heels, fingers on legs and handles. Movements should not be strong and sharp.
   3. After three months kid can do more sophisticated exercises. They can choose a specialist of therapeutic physical education.

For the correction of muscle tone, baths with herbs will be useful (soothing collection, dyeing, chamomile), sea salt.

Diagnostic tests

Determine the condition of the tone will help special diagnostic tests. The first inspection of the baby is carried out in the maternity hospital. Then parents must show the baby orthopedic every six months, neurologist. Some manipulations for such diagnostics can be performed by the parents themselves:

1. 1. Divide the bemp. Baby lying on his back. You divor his hips, without applying efforts. The norm is moderate resistance. With a reduced tone, it is completely absent, and with elevated - too strong. A healthy kid must breed the legs for 45 degrees on each side.
   2. Attach the baby for the handles. Baby lies on the back. Pull the crumb for wrists as if you want to attain it. The norm is a small resistance to extension in the elbows of the hands. With a reduced tone of the resistance, it will not be, with elevated - it is excessive.
   3. Reflex Stepper and Reflex Support. Holding under the mouse, put the crumb on the changing table. Stimulating to take a step, slightly tighten it forward. The norm - the child stands and rests on the entire foot, his fingers are folded on the legs. During inclination, the baby should not cross the legs, imitates the walking process. But after 1.5 months, this reflex fade. But with hyperthonus, it remains longer. Symptoms of hypertonus: Pashed fingers, crossed legs. Symptoms of muscle hypotonus in infants: steps on overly bent legs (you will definitely hold the crumb to the mouse), squat or refusing walking.

Methods of therapy

As already mentioned, with a tone violations, a professional therapeutic massage is often prescribed, less often - medication therapy. Most often, the neurologist appoints a relaxing massage (10 professional sessions that are repeated again in half a year).

Also applied:

• • special medicinal gymnastics;
  • electrophoresis;
  • swimming;
  • relaxing baths with herbs (sage, valerian, mother-in-law, chamomile, soothing collection, needles) or sea salt;
  • in more complex cases, drugs are prescribed (vascular preparations, nootropics, diuretic).

Remember that when the middle age is reached, the muscle tone may fall. Will not be superfluous to do therapeutic gymnastics or moderate loads in gym. Remember that the overall condition of your body, performance and emotional state directly depends on the muscle tone!

What is muscular tone?

Muscular tone refers to the physiological properties of the human body, the nature of the impact of which medicine is not studied to the end. The transition from the state of rest in tension is possible under the influence of various factors, both external and internal, and the diseases of various nature are taken into account, including diseases and malfunctions in the work of the CNS.

Muscular tone pathology varies by types: hypotonus and hypertonus. Both manifestations are considered physiologically necessary for the normal life of the body. The muscle tension occurs subconsciously, on the reflex, which provides almost all types of movement, including the preservation of the body in the desired position. Maintaining a person in constant readiness for any action is the main task muscle tone.

What is the difference between a normal tone from disturbed

Many parents are concerned about the question, whether all their kids are well with the health, in what condition are the security systems and the body body. In order to understand the level of muscle tone, it is important to have information about what changes may indicate violations in the system.

• • If it is observed uneven distribution of the tone relative to the location of the body - on the face of the sign of the development of dystonia.
  • The presence of a unilateral tension of the kid's body against the background of another relaxation, suggests that the baby has asymmetric disorders. This additionally confirm the movements of the kid: turning towards the hypertonus, the child begins to another, while there is uneven skin folds on the buttocks and hips.
  • Compression, with inability to completely relax even at the time of sleep, says that the kid has overstrain of muscles (hypertonus). If the crumb is initially after birth keeps the head, his fingers on the handles and legs are curved frantic, on the face of a severe disease.
  • If the baby moves indefinitely, he looks sluggish, inactive, everything says that the kid is subject to the form of the hypotonus.

Reduced and increased muscle tone

Both elevated and reduced muscle tone is a deviation from the norm and requires the treatment of the disease. The cause of such deviations can be various diseases and malfunctionality of the CNS.

The reduced tone can manifest itself against the background of atrophy of the muscular-nervous system, neonatal dystrophy, as a result of transferred botulism, poliomyelitis or congenital pathology (Guillana Barre syndrome, Mopathia). Usually, the appearance and development of hypotension is associated with different impaired impulse transmission over nervous fibers.

Hyperthonus is a kind of marker of improper work of the brain, which can manifest after the injuries of the head, brain pathologies (generic, against the background of transferred diseases, including infectious). The most common causes are transferred meningitis, cerebral palsy, problems with the vascular system.

Hypertonus (muscular hypertension)

Muscular hypertension is a kind of defeat muscular fabricwhere they remain in the tone of a considerable period of time. Physiology of manifestations may differ depending on the factor that provoked muscle hypertension, but in general, this is happening against the background of the nervous system failure.

Changes occurring at the same time modify the organization of oxygen supply and create additional obstacles in the supply of muscles. Lack of oxygen and weak blood supply contributes to accumulation in soft tissues Biochemical waste.

The reasons

If the babies have the main cause of the development of Hypertonus is the violation of the work of the central nervous system, then in adults this manifestation can cause stress, nervous breakdowns, physical and moral sipopy.

The reasons for the overvoltage of muscles in small children can be several:

• • Parents have incompatibility of blood.
  • Various complications transferred during the field of fetus.
  • Effect of environmental medium.
  • Generic injuries.
  • Genetic heredity.

For adults factor that provoke the emergence of muscle hypertension, the following manifestations can be:

• • The consequences of the injuries (stretching, muscle gusts).
  • Overvoltage.
  • Reaction to the nervous breakdown, the consequences of long-term emotional overvoltage.

Symptoms

Signs that can be determined by the development of muscle hypertension (hypertonus) to help initially do therapeutic procedures:

• • The child sleeps little, while he is worried.
  • When the kid lies, his head is trapped, but the hands and legs are fit.
  • If you try to dilute the baby or releasing the limbs, muscle resistance is felt, the child responds negatively to the procedure that happens.
  • When walking, the baby does not get on the full foot, but trying to continue the movement on tiptoe.
  • The child jumps more often than it is normal in physiology.
  • When stroking the neck in a child, muscle tensions are felt.
  • The child often cries, while his head is in the thip position, and the chin convulsively trembles.

To determine the degree of muscle damage to Hyperthonus, experts test the kid's behavior.

• • Putting a child, try to dilute the kid's handles aside.
  • When holding a child, it is trying to take a step.
  • When installing the baby on the legs, he tries to hold the right position, pulling out on his fingers.
  • Preservation of symmetric and asymmetric reactions in which work is observed muscular group One of the sides (turning his head, the infants squeezes those limbs where the neck rotates) more than 3 months.
  • The preservation of the tonic reflex (limbs constantly remain underly in position lying) more than 3 months after the birth of the baby.

In adult symptoms of Hypertonus, expressed in compressions of the muscle group of one of the sides. When the position is moved or change, the pose is present in pain, and fossil to the muscles are fossil, visually there is a change in the color of the skin cover (blue). Additional symptoms of the disease is:

• • Temporary stiffness in muscles reduces motor functions.
  • The constant stiffness is fully blocking the musculoskeletal system.
  • Spasms.

Effects

In the pathology of the hypertonus in the stations of the brain tissues, responsible for the state of the muscular system, negative changes in the form of diere occur. This can provoke the development of perinatal encephalopathy, the appearance of intracranial pressure and other negative reactions, which may be reflected in the form of:

• • Disorders of the functionality of coordination of movement.
  • The cause of incorrect posture and form an incorrect gait.
  • The development of the musculoskeletal system is inhibited.
  • Slow speech job.

Hypotone (muscle hypotension)

The weakening of the muscular tone occurs on the background of a condition in which all movements are given with difficulty. The reasons for the development of the hypotonus in adults and children may differ and, diagnosing the disease, specialists are guided by symptomatic manifestations. The manifestation of muscle hypotension at the earliest development of the disease, can most seriously affect the state of the baby in the future. Neonatal dystonia and muscle-nerve atrophy is a factor that provokes the development of the disease.

Causes of disease

In the newborn, the main causes of the development of muscle hypotension syndrome are congenital diseases. The list of genetic diseases that may affect the health of the baby in the form of hypotonus entered:

• • Askardi syndrome. One of those rare manifestations when the etiology of epileptic attacks is like a complete explanation.
  • Down syndrome. The pathology of the genome expressed in a change in the number of chromosomes.
  • Owic Syndrome - Cavenzhia. In the disease, abnormal changes in the muscular system occur.
  • Robinov Syndrome. Congenital changes in the bone and muscular system: wide nose, large forehead, etc.
  • Gristelli syndrome.
  • Marfan syndrome. Hereditary disease in which all tubular skien bones have an elongation.
  • Rett syndrome. Congenital psychoneurological disease.

The listed diseases are only the main part of those modifications that occur due to hereditary genetics or as a result of the impact of other transferred diseases. Some of them debut the entire period of life:

• • Leukodistrophy.
  • Muscular or spinal dystrophy.
  • Hypervitaminosis.
  • Dystrophy.
  • Miasthenia.

Signs

Muscular hypotension is diagnosed by the following features:

• • Visually distinguishable signs of lethargy, which manifest themselves in a light form and full atony. When flexing feels passive resistance, the muscular system is flushing to the touch.
  • Partial or complete absence of reflexes, motion inactive, tendon reflex is raised. The child can not keep the right position of the body, does not crawl, does not try to turn over.
  • Difficulties with feeding that provoke throwing the stomach esophagus.
  • Failures in the operation of the respiratory system (under cerebral hypotension).

Also possible is the presence of convulsion, backwardness in the development, intelligent sensations, rhythmic and rapid movement of the stop.

Possible tops

Although hypotension does not represent much danger, no treatment of manifestation may have a number of consequences:

• • Weakened quality of the speech apparatus.
  • Weak (poorly developed) muscular system.
  • Violation of swallowing reflex.
  • Slash problems (frequent dislocations).
  • Insufficient reflex level.
  • Problems with sound help.
  • Chronic respiratory diseases.

In which period do children have a problem with the development of muscles?

Problems with muscle system in various age periods of children's development.

• • Immediately after birth. The hypotonus is diagnosed with the help of the reflex complex. The cause of manifestation is negative consequences for the period of fetus.
  • From 3 months to six months. The manifestation is diagnosed according to secondary features and reflexes, which are stable to this period.
  • From 3 years to 7. The reason may appear against the background of infectious diseases that modify the work of the CNS.

The main directions of treatment

Any impaired muscular system require correction and treatment, in order to further the problem in the future, medicine uses three main directions of therapeutic procedures: massage, leaf, swimming. Physiotherapy is prescribed in a complex with any of other species, specialists recommend specialists in particularly complex cases, which includes a number of vitamins and other healing substances.

Swimming and gymnastics with reduced muscle tone

Treatment of reduced tone involves the use of a complex of exercise and waters. For children and the other type allowed almost from birth. All classes can be held by their parents, but before they must pass a brief course of study, which will help to correctly apply the FFC. Medical physical education Help reduced muscular tone lead to normal.

Swimming classes are conducted under the supervision of a specialist.

All types of exercises are performed smoothly, while it is necessary to adhere to a certain rhythm.

• • Movement with hands. Hands smoothly rise up and also smoothly descend. The palms of hands alternately put the child on the head, following the palm at the time of applying it is stripped, and at the time of lowering it was shrinking into the cam.
  • Foot movements. The legs are smoothly compressed in the knees and spread.
  • Squat. Child, if necessary, help exercise.
  • Overting from the abdomen on the back and vice versa.

For older children and adults, various gymnastic items can be used for children: ball, gymnastic stick, hoop.

Tone of vessels and regulatory mechanisms

From the point of view of physiology, the tone of the vessels is nothing more than the voltage of the smooth muscles of vascular walls and maintain it at the proper level (in accordance with the requirements of external and internal conditions).

The tone of blood vessels is actually an extremely important indicator of adaptive organism reactions to constantly changing internal conditions, as well as the circumstances of the environment. Regulates the vascular tone itself organism ( auToregulation).

AuTragulation happens:

• • Miogenicdependent on the state of the smooth muscles of the vascular wall;
  • Metabolic, providing fluctuations in the tone of smooth muscles under the influence of substances in which exchange reactions need, that is, this option is implemented at the expense of factors bringing the narrowing vessels effect (lack of oxygen - hypoxia, increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the blood - hypercupnia, change in plasma levels of some biologically active substances). Metabolic auto regulation is most characteristic of the heart vessels, the brain, lungs - here it is capable of withstanding the narrowing effect of the central nervous system.

It should be noted that a smooth muscle layer in the arteries, veins and capillaries is expressed unevenly:

1. 1. The arteries are richer than smooth muscle fibers, so their walls take on the main care for the preservation of the necessary diameter of the vessel and the holding of blood pressure resistance;
   2. Venous vessels are not equipped with so developed smooth muscles, the layer of their subtle, not possessing the ability to keep the resistance of moving blood;
   3. As for the capillaries, there are no smooth muscle fibers there and are not at all, so they change their lumen, more focusing on the external impact.

In order for the processes of regulating the vascular tone walked constantly and efficiently, there are special mechanisms in the body:

• • Local - They are because they are called that are realized in place, at the level of vascular walls, which themselves act as gland and produce BAV (biologically active substances), which have the ability to respond to a change in blood pressure, mechanical irritation or the presence of drug-based drugs to smooth muscle layers of vessels, forcing the latter to relax or shrink;
  • Gumoral They work at the expense of a number of hormones that have a narrowing (vasopressin, thyroxine, renin), expanding (atropeptides) or the other action (adrenaline);
  • Nervous Mechanisms can carry out their activities as a vasodilator and vasoconstrictor. The regulation of the vascular tone here provides both parts of the autonomic nervous system - parasympathetic, in the zone of its responsibility lies a direct extensive effect, and sympathetic, which can act in one and in another direction.

Figure - Vasoconstriction mechanisms (vessel narrowing):

Figure - Vasodilation mechanisms (vascular expansion):

Obviously, when they say that the tone of the vessels is increased, then first of all imply artery, because they take on the main load on the containment of blood moving under pressure, "know how to respond" to the impact of various stimuli changes in their diameter. The venous vessel, and, even more so, the capillary, such unique abilities do not possess.

Violation of the regulation of vascular tone forms a number of pathological changes in the work of the cardiovascular system, which, as a rule, begin with blood pressure jumps.

Video: Lecture on the regulation of vessel tone

Why does the tone of vessels change?

The reasons that cause violation of the vascular tone may be the most diverse and, at first glance, not to have a direct relationship to vascular activity. However, in the body nothing happens is isolated, any adverse effects of the outside can make the heart often beat and strain the vessels. Therefore, there is nothing surprising that strong excitement or changing the climatic belt (with other atmospheric pressure) can largely affect the tone of the vascular wall. It is unlikely possible to list all causes of raising or reducing the tone of vessels, but we will try to highlight the most basic, it is:

1. 1. Hereditary factor (features of the vegetative nervous system, the structure of the vessels, the nature of the person);
   2. Social environment, psycho-emotional environment (family relationship, in the team, starting with children's);
   3. The history of the gestation period and childbirth (intrauterine hypoxia will subsequently be caused by the development of NCC and changes in the tone of vessels);
   4. Infections (including especially neuroinfection);
   5. Intoxication by any poisons (alcohol, drugs, salts of heavy metals, carbon monoxide and so on);
   6. Strong emotional shocks, chronic stress;
   7. CHMT (cranial and brain injuries) and other physical damage;
   8. Violation of metabolic processes: lipid, leading to the development of atherosclerosis, carbohydrate, forming diabetes;
   9. Hormonal disorders of any kind;
   10. Overweight;
   11. Sedentary lifestyle;
   12. Change of residence for far from the usual climatic conditions.

These factors launch a mechanism for changing the tone of vessels and contribute to the development of such pathological conditions as:

• Dystonia Neurocirculatory (NCD) or Vegeth Vascular (VDC);
• Angiogenesis;
• Arterial hypertension;
• Atherosclerosis;
• Diabetes.

Although on the other hand, with any of the listed states, the tone of blood vessels will be violated, which will more or lesser extent will cause the cardiovascular system. Here, for example, arterial hypertension or CHMT (the tone of peripheral vessels is increased) can cause a decrease in the tone of the brain vessels (veins) and development as a result of this primary venous dystonia of GM (cases where the venous outflow from GM is disturbed, consider the secondary form of the disease). This is how difficult it is to figure out where the reason, and where is the consequence ... a vicious circle.

Arterial pressure - Hypertension and hypotension

The increase in the tone of the vessels leads to a change in the diameter of the arteries, veins and capillaries towards the decrease. The narrowing of the lumen of peripheral vessels entails an excessive load on the heart muscle, an increase in blood pressure (blood pressure), deterioration in the nutrition of tissues by reducing blood flow in the organs.

To a very important (and first) indicators of the tone of blood vessels include systolic arterial pressure (norm 110 - 130 mm. RT. Art., Daily oscillations - 30 mm. Hg. Art.), Which value, in turn, are determined:

1. 1. Shock volume of left ventricle (LV);
   2. The greatest speed of the height of blood from LV;
   3. The abilities of the aorta stretch.

As for diastolic blood pressure (norm 60 - 90 mm. RT. Art., Daily oscillations - 10 mm. Hg. Art.), Then its level is more determined:

• OCC (circulating blood volume);
• Tone of arterial vessels of muscle type.

The shock volume of the left ventricle for the formation of diastolic blood pressure does not have such an important role.

In addition, the tone of individual blood vessels can be judged by such a concept as "pulse pressure" - it denotes the difference between the values \u200b\u200bof the Hell in the systole and diastole. And, if the lower boundary of the blood pressure is shifted up, for example, a tonometer shows the values \u200b\u200bof 130/110 mm. RT. Art. (isolated diastolic pressure), then we can talk about diastolic arterial hypertension, which is also not harmless too. A constantly stressful heart in such a situation suffers serious suffering, the tone of blood vessels is increased, their walls lose the ability to adapt, and this leads to the formation of thrombans and changes in myocardium.

The decrease in the tone of the vessels is said if the first blow is fixed on the number 90 or lower, and the latter dropped below 60 mm. RT. Art. This is hypotension or hypotension. Its reason is often the inconsistency of the vegetative nervous activity, which is obliged to participate in the regulation of the vascular tone. In such cases, blood across the peripheral vessels flows slowly, in a timely manner and fully get to the vessels of the head to provide the cerebral nutrition, can not. Very often, the activity of VNS and the tone of blood vessels do not have time for the growth of the body in adolescents. Reducing the tone of blood vessels in children with NCD or without it often has a faint state in clinical manifestations, so the orthostatic collapse in adolescents is not considered as a rare phenomenon.

Migraine

A striking example of a violation of the tone of the brain vessels is the "disease of the aristocrats" - migraine. Wild headaches arising from periodically and knocking out a person from the normal rhythm of life are caused by irritation of pain receptors, which are present in the walls of the vessels of the head of the head that provides nutritional brain structures.

Violation of the regulation of vascular tone and simultaneous irritation of pain receptors and leads to headaches. It can be said that at such a moment the following happens: the heart is shrinking, in sick people the vessels of the head are sharply expanded to then also quickly reduce their diameter. When the tone is increased, the vessels are excessively stretched, such oscillations affect the nerve endings, the "disaster signals" and the bark correspond to the aging pulsating pain (migraine attack).

In healthy, these reactions are not so rapidly, the tone of the brain vessels is restored smoothly, the nerve endings are not excited, everything passes painlessly.

Meanwhile, the body's protective forces do not remain aside from the events that occur, otherwise the migraine pain would never have been stopped. As soon as the CNS received a signal about changing the tone of vessels, immediately begin to mobilize the power of protection - they immediately try to normalize the situation as soon as possible. Substances are thrown into the blood, in the circle of functional duties of which includes:

1. 1. Regulation of vascular tone;
   2. Strengthening the vascular wall:
   3. Enhance the activity of enzymes that participate in the elimination of the consequences of the "accident" destroying the products of the impaired metabolism

It should be noted: the earlier the body notices the problem in the tone of the vessels, the more active the processes of protection go, the less time the patient's head will suffer from non-supported pain, the faster the migraine attack will come down.

Muscle tone is essentially the degree of muscle elasticity and resistance accompanying passive bending or extension of the limbs. The muscle tone is due to various factors. First of all, it depends on what state muscles, peripheral nerve fibers and impulses. The ability of muscles to reduce when overcoming a certain load serves as an important indicator of human health. It is absolutely normal that even in a relaxed state of the muscles are in some tension. As a result of diseases and damage to the nervous system, the muscle tone can change. A one or another type of violation leads to its decrease or increase. Accordingly, the hypo- and hypertonus muscles differ.

Increased muscle tone can be:

• spastic;
• rigid.

A distinctive feature of the spastic view is unevenness, selectivity. The cause of its occurrence is the disorders affecting the components of the pyramid system. In this case, we are talking about the neurons chain, the main task of which is to transmit motor commands addressed to skeletal muscles. Due to the fact that the central neuron in this system is damaged, the development of spastic hypertonus occurs. The accomplishment of passive movements occurs with difficulty, but this is characteristic of the very beginning of action. In the future, these manipulations are performed quite easily. When performing movements in a rapid pace, such symptoms are more noticeable. Since there are damage in the brain engine center, the violation affects not one muscle, but their totality, for example, a group of flexors / extensors of the stop. It is in this that the selective and uneven character of this kind of hypertonus is manifested. Factors, as a result of which it may arise, are represented by strokes, brain injuries, various disorders of the nervous system, meningitis, sclerosis, hypoxia, phenylketonuria and other diseases.

The rigid elevated muscle tone is also plastic. It is manifested if the extrapyramidal nervous system is affected. This system includes brain structures and nervous ways that are directly involved both in regulation and control of motor manipulations. As a result, a motor reaction is organized with a laugh or crying, a certain pose is maintained in space and so on. A distinctive feature of the rigid variety is that the difficulty in the commission of passive motor manipulations is constant, as a result of which all muscles are spasped. The limbs are frozen in those poses that they gave them. In some cases, the damaged pyramid and extrapyramidal system can lead to the occurrence of a mixed type of hypertonus. As a rule, the cause of such pathology is the brain tumor.

Causes of increasing muscle tone

Hyperthonus muscles in adults is not in all cases associated with pathology, a characteristic feature of which is the resistance of its increase. Sometimes it is associated with physiological reasons:

1. Tired, intense muscles. Performing work for a long time interval, muscles lose energy, which leads to a filling of muscle fibers in the abbreviated state.
2. The duration of finding in an uncomfortable or monotonous position. Since in such a situation the entire load is associated with a specific type of muscles, spasmodation occurs, as in the overvoltage. Very often, the appearance of such spasms in the cervical muscles is observed in people, for a long time sitting at the computer. Hyperthonus muscles of the back in adults is often found in those who work in a garden for a long time.
3. Protective reaction to pain. In this case, it is about the occurrence of pain syndrome, spastic hypertonus as a peculiar reaction, for example, the defeat of the spine departments leads to the spasm of the corresponding muscles.
4. Bruises, lumbar pains. In the presence of spinal column pathologies, there is a strengthening of painful sensations.

Muscular hypertonus syndrome accompanies many different diseases. For example, it can be observed at:

• acute violations of the blood circulation of the brain, which leads to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke;
• tumors of both spinal and brain;
• brain injuries;
• spastic form of krivoshei;
• bruxism;
• dystonic syndrome;
• hepatic encephalopathy;
• infections of the central nervous system;
• scarmed sclerosis.

If a similar condition for an adult is a deviation, then for a newborn it is within the normal range. This is due to the position of the child in the womb. A long-term intrauterine-based appearance in the pose of the embryo is accompanied by a close contact of the limbs, chin and torso, which leads to muscle tension of the fetus. Podded fists, bent legs, heading of the head - all these signs of a hypertonus of a monthly kid.

The preservation of muscle tension at a semi-annual age is a serious reason to appeal to a qualified specialist.

Symptoms and treatment

Like any disease, muscle hypertonus has its own symptoms. Increased muscle tone in adults is characterized by:

• tension, largeriness;
• uncomfortable sensations when driving;
• muscular stiffness;
• spontaneous active movements;
• increased tendon reflexes;
• the slow motion of the muscle relaxation process.

In addition, Hyperthonus ion muscles Adults are manifested by the walking on the "socks". This indicates the launched nature of the disease with children's age. The occurrence of seizures is directly related to the voltage of any muscle. With any mechanical exposure, a person is experiencing severe pain. Hypertonus of leg muscles in adults as a result of long-term stress leads to a violation of blood circulation, the formation of painful seals.

Hypertonus in newborns is characterized by:

• restless, short sleep;
• underly the state of the upper and lower extremities;
• trapped back position of the head;
• resistance accompanying attempts to dilute upper lower limbs kid;
• painful response to various stimuli, such as light;
• frequent jerking.

In the presence of described signs of increased muscle tone, contact the doctor: therapist or neurologist. Rapid achievement of positive results treatment is ensured by the timeliness of appeal to a specialist. At the first stage of treatment, the underlying disease is overcome, provoked by the increase in muscle tone. The second stage is corrective and aimed at relieving therapy.

The treatment of hypertonus muscles can be carried out using:

1. relaxing massage;
2. medical physical education;
3. electrophoresis;
4. paraffin applications;
5. swimming;
6. medical treatment.

The main purpose of drug treatment is to minimize the painful sensations, the normalization of the functioning of the CNS. In each case, drug therapy may be associated with:

• relief symptoms;
• a decrease in spasming phenomena;
• relief of motor activity.

Such goals are achieved with the use of muscle relaxants, neuroleptics.

Timeliness of diagnosing muscle hypertonus, compliance with treatment prescribed by a doctor, regular physical exercises Will overcome a parable in short time and reduce the risk of possible complications.