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1 general physical training for children 8 11 years old physical training young football players One of the most important factors of their further progress in training technology and football tactics. Features of children 8 11 years old allow you to essentially affect the development of such qualities as speed, dexterity, flexibility, strength and coordination. Tests Before starting the learning process, it is necessary to identify the level of development. physical qualities Pupils. Assessment of testing is necessary to coaches to adjust plans in educational and training work on advisory training. To do this, hand over the simplest tests: running 15 meters, running 30 meters, jumping in length, and evaluate dexterity. Exercises for agility assessment are performed on a platform of 25 meters long. Start and finish on one line. The entire 25-meter plot is divided into 5-meter segments. Segments are designated by chips. The first 5 meters of jogging forward, the second 5 meters of jogging with the left side of the left side, then turn 90 degrees, run back forward, turn 90 degrees, running with the right side and finish face forward. Table standards for students 8-11 years: 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years Running 15 meters (sec) 3: 50-3: 30 3: 30-3: 15 3: 15-3: 00 3: 00-2: 85 Running 30 meters (sec) 5: 80-5: 60 5: 60-5: 40 5: 45-5: 30 5: 30-5: 15 Long jump (cm) Dexterity (sec) 8: 00-7 : 30 7: 30-6: 40 6: 40-6: 10 6: 10-5: 80 When the initial level of physical training of young football players is known, you can proceed to work, which will allow us to raise these physical qualities at a higher level. OIS classes are encouraged to include in every workshop on football. For children of 8-9 years, it is recommended to conduct 3-4 football classes a week, for children of years 4-5 classes. Exemplary list of exercises for improvisory training walking walking common in moderate pace, on socks, on the heels, highly raising her knees, roll from the heel on the sock, left right sidel from the heel on the sock (two legs together),
2 on the external and inside of the foot, cross step, false, back forward, etc. Run running is ordinary; in straight and arcs; snake (with a high knee lifting); Wide, small step with swelling of the lower leg; a fragile step; jumping, slowing down and accelerating; with jumping obstacles; jumps; with a change in direction; shuttle; Raising forward straight legs; Starts from various positions back forward; with an appropriate step; Various combinations of running. Jumping swelling on socks; on one, on two legs; bouncing from foot to foot; jumping from different heights with jumping up and jumping through an obstacle; in length and height from the place; with a jump, rotating her forward, back, on two legs, alternately changing legs with advancement forward; up with a ball touching his head; through objects of different heights; From foot to foot, swellings on the spot with turns to the right, left, 180 and 360 degrees; jump up on two legs and on one with two three steps; sequentially through several obstacles of different heights; Running jumps, jumping right, left side with moving forward, etc. Remember that at this age ankle joint It is still weakly developed in children and children are going to form a posture, so serious attention should be paid to exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back and foot. Exercises for rapidness and agility Running exercises All exercises are spoiled in pairs to maintain the competitive spirit. In running exercises on the finish line, you can put the ball, and the competition for speed and agility will get a little more interesting nature of the task, who will quickly get to the ball. A. The initial position face forward. According to the first signal of the coach, students perform a quick run (running frequency) in place, according to the second signal of the jerk forward to the meters to the finish line. Make 2 3 series 5 7 times, pause between series 3 5 minutes. B. The initial position turns the left side, right sideways or back to the start line. According to the trainer signal quickly turn apart to the start line and make a jerk forward for 5 15 meters. The same is only from the position sitting face forward, back, left or right side; Lying in the arms. Each exercise is performed 3 5 times. C. Source position left or right side to start line. On the first signal, the frequency of running on the spot, according to the second to turn face ahead and make a jerk on meters forward to the finish line. Repeat 3 5 times.
3 D. From the starting line every 5 meters there are 2 cones. According to the signal, students make a jerk to the first cone, touch it with their hand, return to the start line by running back back, touch your hand to the start line and make a jerk face forward to the second cone. Exercise is performed from 3,800. Pause for rest between repetitions of 1 minute. E. The initial position of the children get up at a distance of centimeters face to each other and sideways to the starting line. Start after one of the partners will be touched to the second. The task of the second to catch up with the first at the distance of meters and osal (stain) it. Exercise is performed 4 8 times. Pause for rest between repetitions of 1 minute. F. On distance of 15 meters there are three barriers with a height of 20 to 30 centimeters. The initial position of the children stand at the distance of centimeters face to each other and sideways to the starting line. Start by trainer signal. The task of starting to be the first to finish, jumping over these obstacles. Two repetitions. Pause between them 1 minute. G. One of the athletes stands on the line of the start of his back to the direction of movement, another face to the first athlete in one and a half meters from the start line. At the signal, the coach standing with his back quickly unfolds 180 degrees and tries to first cross the finish line, which is located in meters from the start. The task of the second partner is allocated to the first to this line. 2 4 Repetitions. Pause between them 1 minute. Command relay A. At a distance of 12 meters every 3 meters there are cones (only 4 pieces). Starting with the ball in their hands ride around every cone. Having bought the fourth, return back and transmit the ball to the next participant. The team wins, the last participant whose first will come to the finish. B. At a distance of 15 meters every 5 meters there are cones (only 3 pieces). Between the first and second cone are placed seven chips about 50 centimeters from each other. At the next five-meter segment, two barriers with a height of 20 centimeters. Starting at speeds circle 7 chips, overcome barriers, ride the third cone, return back and transmit the next participant to the relay. C. On distance of 12 meters every 4 meters there are cones (only 3 pieces). According to the signal, participants run to the first cone, then from the first to the second to jump on the left foot, from the second to the third on the right. Having reached the third cone, they ride it and return, transferring the next partner to the relay. Moving games 1. The game "Day and night" in the game take part Two teams "Day" and "Night". The middle line is drawn by a dividing platform. Each team has its own "house" (line, at a distance of meters from the central line to the other side), in which the opponent has no right to osal. The teams are built on the line of their "houses" and at the signal of the coach go towards each other (to the central line), when the central line remains a meter of half the coach calls any command (for example, "day"). Then this team
4 must quickly turn around and take away into its "house", and players of another team ("night") must try to walked the opponent to the line "House". Wins the team whose players will be aspired by more rival players. 2. The game "Simple Salki" The game occurs on a square platform, the dimensions of which depend on the number of players in the teams. One team (a) is outside the rectangle, and the other (b) inside. According to the signal, one of the players of the team "A" (driven) is trying for 20 seconds to walked as many players as possible from the "b" command, which run only inside the rectangle. Awedy players go beyond the rectangle. After changing the lead, everyone returns to the site, and the game continues until all of the team "A" will not play. Then the commands change roles. The team wins, which for the allotted time was all the rival players. 3. The game "Fishermen and Fish" The game occurs on a square platform, the dimensions of which depend on the number of players in the teams (if there are 10 people in commands, the size of the platform of about 20x20 meters). Players are divided into two fishermen and "fish" teams. Fishermen are taken by hand, and fish are freely moving around the site. According to the fisherman's signal for a certain time (1 2 minutes), they try to catch the fish, surrounding them with a chain and closed it. At the end of a certain time, the catch is calculated. Then the commands change roles. 3. The game "Find your captain" all players are distributed into several groups, and form circles. Inside each circle there is a player with the ball., The so-called group captain. By a signal, all players run up on the site. On the second signal stops, they squint and close their eyes. At this time, "captains" are changing in places. At the next signal, everyone runs to their "captains" and form an initial circle. The groups gathered first of their "captains" won the four repetitions, a pause between them 1 min. 4. The game "Find your ball" on Earth, two nested circles invested in each other (diameter 4 meters) and large (diameter of 16 meters) are drawn. Playing (12 people) stand around the perimeter of a small circle. On the perimeter of a large circle at an equal distance laid out 10 goals. According to the first signal of the coach, players begin easy runs in their circle, the second makes a jerk and try to master one of the balls. Those who did not get the balls leave the game. At each next stage, the number of participants and the number of goals is reduced by two. Exercises for the strengthening of the muscles of the back of A. The original position is to lie on the stomach, the hands stretch forward. At the expense of one-two, raise the hands and feet from the floor at the same time, to lower three-four. Perform times. B. The initial position is to lie on the stomach, the hands bend over your head. At the expense of the time, two tear off the body from the floor, turn around and look at their heels through the right shoulder,
5 account three or four go down to its original position. At five to six, lift the body and look through the left shoulder, seven or eight go down to its original position, etc., to perform 6 10 times, depending on the level of preparation. C. Exercise is performed in pairs. The initial position of players fall on the belly face to each other at a distance of 3 4 meters. One of the partners in the hands of the ball. Players throw each other in the hands of the ball, taking off the body from the floor. Perform two series of throws. Pause between the series 1 minute. Exercises for the muscles of the abdominal press A. Exercise is performed in pairs. The initial position of players lay down on his back to each other. Players simultaneously rise and transmit the ball from hand to hand. After transmission, the initial position falls. Perform two series by gear. Pause between the series 1 minute. B. The initial position of the players lay on the back, legs bended in her knees, feet on the floor, the hands are bent in the elbows, palm behind the head. The engaged should lift the torso and get the left knee right elbow, then the right elbow right knee, etc., to perform from 10 to 20 times. C. Similar position Players lie on the back, hands on the sides, legs bent in the knees and raised up (shin parallel sex). At the expense of the time, two players lower the legs to the right of themselves, without taking hands from the floor; At the expense of three or four, they take the initial position; Five to six lowered legs to the left of themselves, seven or eight to its original position. Run 6 10 times in each direction. Exercises for the development of the exercise force A D are performed in pairs. A. Players get face to each other, take each other by the hand and try to drag one of the partner's hand to their half. Make from 4 to 6 attempts. B. The initial position of the hand to the sides. One partner puts his hands on the hands of the second and prevents the hands of the hands. The target to lower and raise hands with resistance. Run raises and lowering. C. Source position of the hand on the belt. One partner puts his hands on the shoulders of the other and slightly presses on them. The goal to climb socks and go down. Run lifts. D. Transmission and throws of small stuffed balls from various source positions: Throwing with two hands on the right, two hands on the left, two hands from behind the head. The distance between partners is 6 10 meters. Each exercise is performed 8 14 times. E. Push ups. From 20 to 40 times. F. push ups, but one of the hands lies on the ball times.
6 G. The initial position to sit down on the floor, resurfaced by your hands into a gymnastic bench, bend and blending your hands once. Recreation pause between the series after execution power exercises is 1 2 minutes. Exercises for flexibility development The basis of work on the development of flexibility is an exercise, when performing the muscles needed, the athlete needs to perform any motor actions with the required amplitude. Such exercises are usually done at the beginning and end of each workout. There are two types of similar exercises. Dynamic constraints Dynamic exercises are repeated fly movements with hands and legs, bending, extension, twisting torso, which are performed with a large amplitude and different speeds. Examples of exercises: Active free spring tilts ahead and on the parties with a constantly increasing amplitude (15 20 times). Mahi left and right foot back and forth (10 12 times). The initial position of the leg on the width of the shoulders. Get back while getting first right hand Right heel, then with left hand left heel. Make 5 7 slopes to each leg. The initial position to put legs as wide as possible. Make spring tilts ahead with put palms on the floor. Perform times. The initial position partners get back to each other at a distance of centimeters. One of the partners in the hands of the ball. Both partners, without going from the place and not taking off the legs, give the ball to each other with two hands, while turning to the right, then left. Run times. The pause between the series of exercises on flexibility is 1 2 minutes. Static suspension Static exercises are different postures in which a certain muscle or muscle group is some time in a stretched state. Examples of such exercises: the initial position of the leg on the width of the shoulders. Slowly lean forward, the hands are free to breathe and touch the palms of the floor. Slightly bend legs in the knee joints, take the hands of the leg socks, then straighten your knees. Follow the breath to be smooth and calm. Hold pose 6 12 seconds, then return to its original position. Repeat 3 5 times with a vacation 5 10 seconds. The initial position is to sit on the floor, one leg to straighten forward, to bent into the knee joint, and stop taking to the buttocks. Torso keep straight. Certain stretching of the muscles is already in this position, but if the level of flexibility
7 Good, you can complicate the execution of this exercise, tilting the top of the body to the stretched leg. The initial position of the leg on the width of the shoulders. Make a wide step forward with the right foot, bend badly to the body in tazobed Susta And straighten the knee joint legs behind. Look forward. Hold this posture during sec. Return to its original position. After rest, 5 10 seconds repeat the exercise, changing the position of the legs. Make 3 4 repetitions for each leg. Source position Main rack. With a straight back to sit on the heels, knees to hold together, stop the foot inside. Sit down in such a position for up to 20 seconds. You can make a deviation back. Rest in the initial position is 5 10 seconds. Exercises for the development of coordination Acrobatic exercises A. Kuyrki in grouping forward. 3 4 series 3 5 repetitions. B. Kuvokes forward in combination with a turn of 180 degrees. 1 2 series of 3 5 repetitions. C. Kuwrock back in grouping. 3 5 repetitions. D. Walking and diverse exercises in equilibrium on a gymnastic log: walking face forward, left and right sideways, break with the counter partner. The height of the log is no more centimeters. Moving games on a limited area of \u200b\u200bSupport A. "Fight" on a gymnastic log. The height of the log is no more centimeters. The engaged in each other opposite each other and try to push the partner from the log at the expense of noble jolts and fraudulent movements. On one log, you can place several pairs. B. "Cockfight" on one leg. Peaks in pairs on a limited area (2x2 meters) are trying to push their rival behind the line, limiting the site, or force it to touch the floor with the second leg. Exercises for the development of a sense of equilibrium part of the human coordination opportunity include a sense of equilibrium. Equilibrium is static and dynamic. Static equilibrium Saving postures for some time ("Swallow", a stand on one leg, raised leg pressed to the knee). Dynamic when an athlete comes out of the posture and returns to it again. A. Walking on the board of centimeters width and a height of 4 5 centimeters laid on the ground. B. Walking on the inclined board of the same size. C. Slow, middle and fast circle in place.
8 D. Walking on bricks laid at a distance of centimeters from each other. E. Easy running on a board with 5 6 reversals by 360 degrees. F. Standing on the board, put the feet on one line, close your eyes and hold the equilibrium as long as possible. Relay for coordination and equilibrium A. Passing a strip of obstacles of 15 meters long. Two teams participate. From the start line every 5 meters there is a cone (only 3 cones). From the starting line to the first cone, a narrow board of 3-4 meters long or simply draws a thin line on the ground. From the first to the second cone, two gymnastic mat are being added. At the signal, the starting trainer runs along a narrow chalkboard or line. Requer to gymnastic mats, make 2 knuckles forward. Between the second and third cones, the participants are made in the movement of 1 2 turns of 360 degrees, they will circle the last cone and repeat all the exercises in the reverse order, and then transmit the next participant to the relay. Not only the speed of passing the distance, but also the mistakes allowed. For example, how many times the student has lost the balance when running along a narrow board, after turning 360 degrees, etc. B. The place of action is the same bar of obstacles. The starting moves on the board first left side (in the opposite direction right side). Between the first and second cones, the participants make kuwrock forward, unfold 180 degrees, make more squirrels, turn 180 degrees again. Between the second and third cones, they run face forward, making in motion the turns of 360 degrees first through the left shoulder, and then through the right, the last cone is rolled up and return to the start line with the repetition of all tasks.
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Available gymnastic exercises For children of preschool and younger school age at home
Additional classes with children in general physical training (OFP) will never be superfluous, especially if your child visits the gym only several times a week. But, of course, he can train at home only under the supervision of parents who should understand how to do this or that exercise. If you are not a professional in the field of sports, then do not worry that you do not have enough knowledge for competent control of the fulfillment by your child's homework entrusted by the coach.
The fact is that home exercises for the development of general physical training are usually simple, safe and not requiring special conditions The gym, the maximum of a soft rug on the floor. But at the same time they are very useful and effective to strengthen the muscular corset of the child.
But, before starting to train with children at home, be sure to carefully listen to the recommendations of the technique and the frequency of the tasks on the APP.
Also on this issue, our article will help you, which contains a list of home exercises and professional advice of coaches of the European Gymnastic Center.
We divided the exercises into two types: to swipe on various muscles and for the development of flexibility. To quickly achieve a noticeable result, this complex is recommended to perform every day. He will occupy not more than 30 minutes.
First of all, it should be noted that the training session should be started with a warm-up, at home it will be a light stretch, which smoothly switches to the pouch.
Exercises should be performed in the specified order.
1. Stretching
1.1 Tilt in different directions.
Standing in the initial position of the leg on the width of the shoulders, hands on the belt, perform a few slopes to the sides, and then back and forth (5 times in each direction).
1.2 Tilt forward, touching the floor with the hands.
Source position: legs together, hands along the body, make 10 slopes ahead, trying to touch the floor palms, while kneeling to keep straight.
1.3. Flesting on the floor.
Right position: sitting on the floor, legs together and stretched forward, make a tilt forward and reach out with your hands to the nose, with the knees to keep straight (10 times).
1.4. "Butterfly".
Right position: Sitting on the floor, perform an exercise butterfly, bending the legs, knees to the sides, foots touch each other. Make a tilt forward and reach the nose to the nose (10 times).
1.5 fold on the floor of the feet apart.
Right position: sitting on the floor, the legs are widely divorced to the sides, make tilts ahead with the elongated hands, with the knees be sure to keep straight (10 times).
2. Foot Exercises
2.1 squats.
Right position: legs together, hands raised forward, make 15 squats down-up (2 approaches 15 times, between recreation approaches 30 seconds).
2.2 Equilibrium on two legs.
Right position: standing legs together, hands raised up, stand on socks and try to resist as long as possible without going off the place. To perform this task, all muscles of the body must be as strained as much as possible, the hands reach into the ceiling, and look at one point in front of them, so as not to lose balance.
2.3 Equilibrium on one foot for 10 seconds.
Right position: Holding hands on the belt, a strain strain, it's impossible to go from the place, look at one point in front of yourself.
2.4 Jumping on one leg, hands on the belt.
Jumping should be performed on socks 15 times per leg, 2 approaches.
3. Exercises for the press
3.1 Lifting and lowering on the back
Source position: sitting on the floor, fix the legs under the sofa or they must keep parents, palms are crossed on the back of the head. Slowly run down on the back, keeping his head on the chest all the time, and then rise to its original position without the help of hands (15-20 times 2 approaches with a small leisure interval). If the child is hard to rise, holding hands behind the head, then the task can be eased, stretching them in front of them.
3.2 lying down the legs.
Source position: lying on the back, hands along the body. Lifting straight legs up to vertical position And slow down. Feet must be strained and tense (15 times 2 at 2 approach with a small leisure interval).
3.3 "Boat on the back".
Source position: lying on the back, hands stretched upstairs. At the same time, tear off the floor for 30 degrees with hands and legs, keep 10 seconds of 2 approaches. When performing the exercise of the leg and hands to keep strained together, the loin must be pressed to the floor.
4. Exercises for the back
4.1 Raising the back top.
Source position: lying on the floor on the stomach, the legs to fix under the sofa or parents should be kept, palms are crossed on the back of the head. Run the back from the floor to the highest possible level, then slowly fall into its original position and immediately repeat the task. When performing an eye exercise should look down. Repeat 15 times 2 approaches with a small rest interval.
4.2 "Boat on the stomach".
Source position: lying on the stomach, hands stretched up, legs together. At the same time, tear off the floor and legs about 30 degrees. Be sure to raise a little above the head, look at the palms, to keep legs together. Perform a boat for 10 seconds for 2 approach with a small leisure interval.
5. Hand Exercises
5.1 Planck.
Source position: stop, lying on the floor, i.e. Light hands and legs in the floor, so that the body was parallel to the floor, the shoulders stood exactly over the palms, the back is a bit rounded, legs together. Fix this position for 20-30 seconds and ensure that the position of the body does not change. Repeat the task several approaches.
5.2 Pressing from the floor.
Source position: stop, lying on the floor, i.e. Light hands and legs in the floor, so that the body was parallel to the floor, the shoulders stood exactly over the palms, the back is a bit rounded, legs together. Perform push up, bending your hands and trying to touch the floor, then straighten your hands and return to the stop lying. To ensure that the position of the body does not change during pushups. The first time the child will be hard to perform pushups, so you should hold it a little behind the stomach, helping to bend correctly, and then straighten your hands and maintain the right body position. Start with 3-5 pushups of 2-3 approaches, gradually increasing the amount as the child's capabilities.
After peaking the muscles, when the body of the child is already well warmed up and even a little tired, you can proceed to the final part of the workout - the execution of twine and stretch marks. These exercises will help to relax muscles and gradually develop flexibility.
6. Final part of the workout - stretching tasks
6.1 Foot folds together and apart with the help of parents.
We repeat the same exercise that the child did on the workout, but with the help of parents who will put pressure on the back. Be sure to follow the legs to be straight and do not overdo it with pressure. (10 times 2 approaches).
6.2 Twine on the right, and then on the left foot.
It is better to do this exercise by the strip. From the front of the leg should be straight and stand exactly on the heel, and the back leg stand on the knee, the heel necessarily looks into the ceiling. Hands stand on the sides. Make sure that the child does not unfold and did not fall on one side. Help him to keep the right position, while pressing a little on the front leg to the knee, and on the back on the thigh. Perform a twine of 30 seconds for each foot of 2-3 approaches.
6.3 straight twine.
This exercise is also worth performing on the strip or clinging back to the wall. Source position: Standing the legs apart, straight hands leaving the floor next to the legs. Gradually breed straight legs to the side to the maximum tolerant level, then fix the position for 30 seconds. In this position, it is necessary to ensure that the legs are straight, stood exactly by the strip, and the child did not crawl forward. Parents should help the child to preserve the right position, and at the same time a little applied to the hips. Perform a twine of 30 seconds for each foot of 2-3 approaches.
6.4 "Colepko".
This exercise is aimed at stretching back muscles, a shoulder belt, anterior surface of the thigh. Source position: lying on the stomach, resting on the straight hands, which are close to the stomach, and stretch their heads up. Then bend the legs and pull the socks to the back of the back, trying to touch him. To hold out in this position for 10 seconds, then relax and repeat again.
6.5 "basket".
This exercise is a little bit like the previous one. Right position: lying on the stomach, hand pull back to the legs and catch them from the outside for ankle. Then bend in the back, raise your shoulders and head upstairs, and the legs try to straighten a little into the ceiling. At the same time, they need to keep their hands all the time. Fix such a position for a few seconds, then drop into the floor and after resting again to repeat the exercise.
The article is written by the team of coaches of the European Gymnastic Center
Contacts of the European Gymnastic Center
Our addresses:
Moscow, Luzhnetskaya Embankment, house 24, p.2
Moscow, Large Cherkizovskaya, 125 A, p.4
Moscow, ul. Kubina 7.
Kiev highway 24th km, der. Rogozinino
WORKING PROGRAMM
sports section
"General physical preparation"
Sinitina E.A.
teacher of physical culture
Explanatory note:
Relevance (novelty) of the program.
Objectives and tasks of the program.
Forms and methods of organizing classes.
Requirements for training session.
Psychological, physiological and physical features of middle school children.
Organization of training activities.
Material and technical base for the implementation of the program.
Expected results.
Analysis of the results.
Measuring materials.
GPP-1 group (first year of study)
GNP-2 Group (second year of study)
GNP-3 Group (Third Year of Learning)
Distribution of training time on various types of software
Calendar and thematic planning for students of GNP -1 (first year of study)
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Applications
Explanatory note
This program for general physical training is drawn up in accordance with the law Russian Federation "On education" from 10.07.92. № 3266-1, in the editors of federal laws from 13.01.96. No. 12-FZ, from 11/16/97. No. 144-FZ, 20.07.2000 No. 102-ФЗ, from 07.08.2000 No. 122-FZ, of February 13, 2002 No. 20-FZ, a Model Regulations on the general educational institution of additional education of children (RESOLUTION of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.03.95. No. 233), regulatory documents of the Ministry of General and Vocational Education of the Russian Federation and the State Committee of the Russian Federation in physical culture, sports and tourism governing the activities of institutions of additional education of children sports orientation.
The work program is designed for implementation in the main school. Topics and sections are chosen taking into account the existing material base and local climatic conditions.
Relevancethis program is that the priority task of the Russian state recognized world support for physical culture and mass sports, as an important basis for the recovery of the nation.
The concept of "health" is not only the absence of diseases and physical defects, but also the state of the full physical, spiritual and social well-being of a person. Therefore, the health of the schoolchildren is a criterion for the quality of modern education.
In connection with the deterioration of the health status of children, the protection and strengthening of the health of children and adolescents is one of the main directions in the school's activities.
The causes of the deterioration of the health of children are:
Non-compliance of the children's learning system by hygienic standards;
Overload learning programs;
Deterioration of the environmental situation;
Insufficient or unbalanced nutrition;
Stressful effects;
Distribution of unhealthy habits.
In this regard, it is necessary to organize the educational process at school, taking into account the psychological comfort and value of each individual personality, individual psychophysical features of students, to provide an opportunity for creative activity and self-realization, it is necessary to include along with pedagogical medical and preventive activities. If all this is accounted for, the health of students will be preserved, skills and a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle will be formed.
OFP is not a sport, but without it can not do in any sport. Therefore, for a child, whom, every sensible parent would like to attach to the sport, the Fundamant.
The OFP is an exercise system, aimed at the development of all physical qualities - endurance, strength, dexterity, flexibility, speed in their harmonious combination.
OFP is a way to develop or preserve physical qualities, that is, an internal, physiological, biochemical level.
Noveltythe programs lies in the fact that it is compiled in support of the main working program on physical culture for students of 5-8 grades of educational institutions. Also, the novelty of this program is that it consists of an in-depth study of various types of sports training using special exercises on the development of coordination abilities, force, forcelessness, running endurance, running speed, mastering motor actions and tactical techniques in gaming activities .
An important condition for the implementation of this program is to preserve its educational orientation.
Purpose It is mastering the skills and skills to use the means and methods of motor activity in a variety of forms. Achieving this goal is ensured by the decision of the following tasks:
1. Educational:
Training of technical and tactical techniques of sports games, athletics, gymnastics with elements of acrobatics;
Learning the simplest organizational skills, the necessary concepts and theoretical information on physical culture and sports;
2. Educational:
Education of the habit of physical culture and sports both collectively and independently.
3. Wellness:
Expanding motor experience by mastering motor actions;
Strengthening health, physical development and improving students' working capacity;
Education of individual mental traits and features in communication and collective interaction with the means and methods of command-gaming activities;
Creating ideas about individual physical capabilities, adaptive properties of the body and how to improve their improvement in order to improve health;
Training basics of physiology and hygiene physical education, prevention of injuries, correction of the physique.
In accordance with socio-economic needs modern societyHis further development, the purpose of physical protection in the general education institution is to promote the comprehensive development of the person. Installation on the comprehensive development of the personality prevents students with the foundations of the physical cultivo-ry, the terms of which are: good health, good physical development, optimal level of motor abilities, knowledge and skills in the field of physical culture; motives and mastered ways (skills) to carry out physical tour and wellness and sport activities.
Forms and methods of organizing classes
Classes are conducted on the basis of general methodical principles. Methods of visibility are used (showing exercise, demonstration of visual aids), game and competitive. When studying overall exercises, complexes and games, the show should be a holistic and exemplary, and the explanation is elementary and simple.
Forms:
Group and individual forms of classes are theoretical, practical, combined. The combined form is used more often and includes theoretical: conversation, instruction, view illustrations - and practical parts: OFP and games;
Improving orientation;
Holidays;
Competitions;
Relay;
Hometasks.
Methods and adoption of the educational process:
Informative (conversations, show);
Creative (educational games);
Methods of control and self-control (self-analysis, testing, conversation).
Requirements for training session
Each training session has a clear target orientation, specific and clear pedagogical tasks that determine the content of classes, the choice of methods, training and education, methods of organizing students. At each occupation, it is decided, as a rule, a complex of interrelated tasks: educational, wellness and educational. Wellness and educational challenges pass through the entire process of physical education and are solved at each lesson.
Each training session is the link of the system of training process, linked to a logical sequence built by each other and aimed at the development of a specific topic of the curriculum. In turn, the topics are agreed among themselves, the volume of educational material is determined, taking into account the stage of teaching the motor actions, positive and negative transfer, student preparedness.
The most important requirement of training session is to ensure a differentiated and individual approach to students, taking into account their health, gender, physical development, motorities, features of the development of mental properties and qualities, compliance with hygienic standards.
The basis for planning training activities is the material for mastering motor skills and skills.
When planning the material of the program, the climate-geographical features of the region are taken into account, the state of the material and technical base of the institution. In essential communication with the planning of material development material, all components of the load are planned: the amount of work, intensity, duration and nature of recreation, the number of repetitions of exercises. Load classes increases gradually and wave.
Psychological, physiological and physical features of the development of middle school children
Features of educational activities of children are determined by their age physiological, psychological and physical characteristics.
At this age, puberty occurs. The activities of the internal secretion glands, in particular the genital glands increase. Secondary sexual signs appear. The body of the teenager detects a greater fatigue caused by cardinal changes in it.
Caution arbitrarily selectively. A teenager can focus on an interesting material for a long time.
Memorization in the concepts directly related to comprehension, analysis and systematization of information, is put forward to the fore.
For adolescent age characteristic criticality of thinking. For students of this age, a great demand for reported information is characterized: "Teenager hard requires evidence." Improves ability to abstract thinking.
The manifestation of emotions in adolescents is often quite stormy. Anger is especially manifested. For this age, stubbornness, egoism, care of themselves, is a sharpness of experiences, conflicts with others are characterized. The data of manifestations allowed teachers and psychologists to talk about the crisis of adolescence. Crisis phenomena are often associated with the formation of a holistic identity - the process of self-determination (E. Erickson, J. McIA). The formation of identity requires a person to rethinking its connections with others, its place among other people.
In the adolescence, there is an intensive moral and social formation of the person. There is a process of forming moral ideals and moral beliefs. Often they have an unstable, controverant nature.
Communication of adolescents with adults is significantly different from the communication of younger students. Teens often do not consider adults as possible free communication partners, they perceive adults as a source of organization and ensure their lives, and the organizational function of adults is perceived by adolescents most often only as restrictive - regulating. The number of questions addressed to teachers is reduced. The asked questions concern, first of all, the organization and content of the vital activity of adolescents in those cases in which they cannot do without appropriate information and instructions for adults. The number of ethical issues is reduced. Compared to the previous age, the teacher's authority as a carrier of social norms and a possible assistant in solving complex vital problems is significantly reduced.
The organization of educational activities of adolescents is the most important and most complex task. The student of the middle school age is quite capable of understanding the argument of the teacher, the parent, to agree with reasonable arguments. However, in view of the peculiarities of thinking characteristic of this age, the adolescent will no longer satisfy the process of information message in the finished, complete form. He will want to check their accuracy, make sure that judgment. Disputes with teachers, parents, buddies - a characteristic feature of this age. Their important role is that they allow them to exchange views on the topic, check the truth of their views and generally accepted views, to express themselves.
It should be offered to adolescents to compare, find common and distinctive features, allocate the main thing, to establish causal relationships, draw conclusions. It is also important to encourage the independence of thinking, the statement of his own point of view.
Features of attention is subject to a particularly careful approach to the selection of material content in the organization of training activities. For a teenager, the information will be of great importance to have an interesting, fascinating, which stimulates his imagination makes thinking. But light excitability, interest in an unusual, bright, often becomes the cause of involuntary switching attention.
A good effect gives a periodic change of activities.
It is necessary to focus the attention of adolescents to the connection of acquired knowledge with practical life.
Features of the physical development of middle school children
In the adolescence, the growth rate of the skeleton to 7-10 cm is significantly increasing, the body weight is up to 4.5-9 kg per year. Boys are lagging behind the growth rates of the mass and body length from girls for 1-2 years. The process of ossification is not yet completed. The body length increases mainly due to the growth of the body. Muscular fibers, developing, do not have time for the growth of tubular bones in length. The state of muscle tension and body proportions change. Muscle mass After 13-14 years, boys increase faster than girls. By 14-15 years muscular fibers approaches morphological maturity.
The heart grows intensively, growing organs and fabrics imposed reinforced requirements to it, its innervation increases. The growth of blood vessels lags behind the growth rates of the heart, so blood pressure increases, the rhythm of cardiac activity is disturbed, fatigue comes quickly. The blood flow is difficult, shortness of breath occurs, a feeling of compresses in the heart area appears.
The morphological structure of the chest limits the movement of the ribs, because breathing is frequent and superficial, although the lungs grow and breathing is improved. The vital capacity of the lungs increases, the type of breathing is finally formed: the boys - the abdominal, in girls - chest.
Sexual differences of boys and girls affect the size of the body and the functionality of the body. In girls compared to the boys, there is a relatively long torso, short legs, a massive pelvic belt. All this reduces their capabilities in running, jumps, throwing compared to boys. The muscles of the shoulder belt are weaker than that of boys, and it affects the results in throwing, pulling, stopping, climbing, but they are better given rhythmic and plastic movements, exercises in equilibrium and the accuracy of movements.
The functional state of the nervous system is under the enhanced influence of the internal secretion glands. For adolescents, elevated irritability is characterized, fast fatigue, sleep disorder. Very sensitive teenagers to unfair solutions, actions. External reactions for strength and character are inadequate than their irritants.
Boys often overestimate their motor capabilities, try to figure out everything themselves, do everything on their own. Girls are less confident in their power.
Teens are very sensitive to the estimates of adults, they are sharply reacting to any infringement of their dignity, do not tolerate teachings, especially long.
When organizing physical education at this age, excessive excessive loads on the musculoskeletal, articular and a muscular machine are undesirable. They can provoke a delay in the growth of tubular bones in length and speed up the process of ossification. Exercises for flexibility require pre-conducting preparatory exercises, warming muscles and ligaments, and exercises for relaxation involved muscle groups. It is impossible to perform movements too sharply. Continue paying attention to the right posture. Exercises that have significant heart loads alternate with breathing exercises. Long intensive loads are poorly transferred, so, for example, intensive running is recommended to alternate with walking.
It is necessary to widely use special breathing exercises In order to deepen breathing. Learning to breathe deeply, rhythmically, without a sharp change of tempo.
It is not recommended to combine boys and girls into one group. The exercises are identical for boys and girls with different dosages and in different simplified conditions for girls. The load is dosed taking into account the individual data of each student. For girls, it is recommended to use various types of aerobics and exercises performed to the music.
Organization of training activities
The age of children on which the program on the OFP 11-15 years is calculated.
The work hours per week is 5 hours, the reservation of training groups is 15 people (at all stages of learning in the OFP groups). The age of the beginning of classes in GNP-1 groups - 11-12 years old, GNP- 2 studies - 13-14 years old, GPP- 3 student - 14-15 years. Classes are held 3 times a week.
MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE
To implement the program
Location:
Playground;
Class (for theoretical classes);
Gym.
Inventory:
Volleyball balls;
Basketball balls;
Kegli or towns;
Rope;
Tennis balls;
Small balls;
Gymnastic wall;
Gymnastic benches;
Volleyball net;
Shields with baskets;
Stopwatch;
This program is implemented on the basis of the Cott school boarding school.
EXPECTED RESULTS
Personal results The exploration of the section program content is the following skills:
- actively turn on in communication and interaction with peers on the principles of respect and goodwill, mutual assistance and empathy;
- to show positive personality qualities and manage their emotions in various (non-standard) situations and conditions;
- show discipline, hard work and perseverance in achieving the goals;
- to provide disinterested assistance to its peers, find a common language with them and common interests.
MetaPronsMet results (Cognitive, Regulatory, Communicative Wood)
- characterize phenomena (actions and actions), give them an objective assessment based on the developed knowledge and existing experience;
- find errors when performing learning tasks, select the ways to correct them;
- communicate and interact with peers on the principles of mutual respect and mutual assistance, friendship and tolerance;
- to organize independent activities, taking into account the requirements of its safety, the preservation of inventory and equipment, organization of the place of classes;
- plan your own activity, distribute the load and rest in the process of its implementation;
- analyze and objectively assess the results of its own labor, to find opportunities and ways to improve their improvement;
- to see the beauty of movements, allocate and substantiate aesthetic signs in the movements and movements of man;
- to evaluate the beauty of the physique and posture, compare them with reference samples;
- to manage emotions when communicating with peers and adults, maintain composure, restraint, prudence;
- technically correctly perform motor actions from basic sports, use them in gaming and competitive activities.
Subject results
- to submit classes in the section as a means of improving health, physical development and physical training of a person;
- to provide post assistance and moral support to peers when performing learning tasks, goodwill and respectfully explain errors and ways to eliminate them;
- organize and conduct moving games and elements of competitions with peers, exercise their objective refereeing;
- carefully handle inventory and equipment, comply with the safety requirements for places;
- to organize and conduct classes with physical culture with a different target orientation, select physical exercises for them and perform them with a given dosage load;
- to characterize the physical activity in terms of the pulse rate, regulate its tension during the development of physical qualities;
- interact with peers according to the rules for moving games and competitions;
- in an accessible form to explain the rules (technique) of motor actions, analyze and find errors, effectively correct them;
- Serve building teams, to calculate when performing overall exercises;
- find distinctive features in the implementation of motor action by different students, allocate distinctive features and elements;
- perform acrobatic and gymnastic combinations at a high technical level, characterize the signs of technical execution;
- perform technical actions from basic sports, apply them in gaming and competitive activities;
Analysis of the results
program development is carried out in the following ways:
current knowledge control in the process of oral survey;
current control of skills and skills in the process of observation of individual work;
thematic control of skills and skills after studying topics;
mutual control;
self-control;
final control of skills and skills;
health Monitoring: Number of acute diseases per year, Indicators of physical development, Health Group.
Measuring materials
Basic requirements for the level of preparedness
Testing physical fitness allows using control exercises (tests) - standardized in content, form and conditions for performing motor actions - determine the level of development of individual physical qualities, i.e. The level of physical fitness involved.
The control exercises listed below (tests) are very indicative; on their basis, they make appropriate conclusions and adjustments to training process. For example, if the level of physical fitness does not increase or becomes lower, it is necessary to revise the content, methodology of classes, physical exercise.
(Motor Methods)
Gymnastic exercises
Gymnastic exercises are one of the main parts of the content of physical culture. The software material includes the simplest types of constructions and rebuildings, a large circle of general exercises without objects and with a variety of objects, exercises in climbing and climbing, in equilibrium, uncomplicated acrobatic and dance exercises and exercises on gymnastic shells.
Great importance attached to general arraying exercises without items. With their help, you can successfully solve a wide variety of tasks and, above all, educational. By performing these exercises on the task of the teacher, and then independently, students get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe diverse world of movements, which, especially at first, is new or unusual for them. It is novelty and unusual that are undoubted signs, according to which they can be attributed to exercises that promote the development of various coordination abilities. The number of overall, exercises are actually limitless. When choosing them, for each occupation, go from simpler, mastered, to more complex. The occupation should include from 3-4 to 7-8 such exercises. By spending at each lesson for about 3-6 minutes to overall exercises without objects, after a few months of regular classes, it is possible to significantly improve the students' real kinesisic perceptions and ideas about speed, rhythm, pace, amplitude and muscular efforts. The teacher must constantly pay attention to the correct (i.e., adequate and accurate), as well as timely (for example, at the expense or music) to perform overall exercises. In each occupation, you should include new overall exercises or their options, since the multiple repetition of the same exercises will not give the necessary effect, they will be uninteresting students.
One of the most important means of comprehensive development of coordination abilities are generalizing exercises with objects: small and large balls, sticks, flags, ribbon, hoop. Exercises and combinations with objects may be an unlimited quantity. The teacher must remember that exercises with objects must contain elements of novelty. If familiar exercises are used for this purpose, they should be performed when changing the individual characteristics of movement (spatial, temporal, power) or the entire form of the usual motor action. Among the exercises with objects, the most attention should be paid to exercises with large and small balls.
In the future, learning gymnastic exercises is enriched, expanding and deepened. More complex are the exercises in the construction and rebuildings, generalizing exercises without objects and with objects (printed balls, sticks, hoops, skumps, bulbs, ribbons), acrobatic exercises, supporting jumps, exercises in seeers and rests on various gymnastic shells.
After mastering individual elements, gymnastic exercises are recommended to be performed in bundles by varying the combinations, sequence and number of exercises included in uncomplicated combinations.
By performing tasks for building and rebuilding, it is not recommended to spend a lot of time on their implementation, it is advisable to spend them more often in a game form. Of particular importance should be given to the preservation of the correct posture, the accuracy of the initial and end positions, body movements and limbs.
Gymnastic exercises included in the program of the GNP-3 group are directed primarily to the development of strength, power and high-speed endurance of various muscle groups. In this regard, they are distinguished by a large election orientation. The material program also includes a large set of exercises affecting the development of various coordination and flexibility.
A wide variety, the possibility of strictly directed Action make gymnastic exercises an indispensable tool and the method of development of coordination (rhythm, equilibrium, differentiation of spatial, time and power parameters of movements, orientation in space, coordination of movements) and conditioning abilities (hand, legs, torso, forcefulness, flexibility).
Outdoor games
Moving games are an indispensable means of solving a complex of interrelated tasks of educating the student's personality, the development of its diverse motor abilities and the improvement of skills. Moving games are aimed at the development of creativity, imagination, attention, education of initiative, independence of actions, the development of the ability to fulfill the rules of social order. The achievement of these tasks to greater extent depends on the skillful organization and compliance with the methodological requirements for conducting, rather than to its own content of the Games.
The diversity of motor actions that make up moving games has a comprehensive impact on the improvement of coordination and conditioning abilities (abilities to the reaction, orientation in space and time, rebuilding motor actions, high-speed and high-speed-power abilities, etc.).
With the help of games, the basics of game activity are laid on improving, above all, natural movements (walking, running, jumping, throwing), elementary game skills (fishing, transmission, throws, blows on the ball) and technical and tactical interactions (choice of place , interaction with partner, team and rival), necessary with further mastering sports games.
As a result of training, students should get acquainted with many games, which will bring up interest in gaming activities, the ability to independently pick up and conduct them with comrades in their free time.
Mandatory conditions Building rolling games (especially with balls) are a clear organization and reasonable discipline, based on accurate observance of teams, instructions and orders of the teacher; ensuring continuity when mastering new exercises; Strict adherence to Didactic principles. After the development of the basic Vaiga of the game, it is recommended to vary the conditions of the holding, the number of participants, the inventory, the time of the game, etc.
Athletic exercises
Running, jumping and throwing, being natural types of movements, occupy one of the main places in physical education. Applying these exercises, the teacher solves two tasks. First, it contributes to the development of the foundations of rational technology movement. Secondly, enriches the motor experience of the child, using all sorts of exercise options and the conditions for this. As a result, students acquire the basics of running skirts to short and long distances, jumps in length and height from the scene and running, throwing into target and on the range. Running, jumping and throwing are distinguished by the large variability of performing and use in various conditions.
After assimilating the foundations of athletics exercises in running, jumping and throwing begins systematic training sprinter Run., running on medium and long distances, jumping in length and height from running, throwing.
This material contributes to further development and improvement of conditioned (high-speed, speed-power, flexibility and endurance) and coordination abilities (to reactions, differentiation of temporary, spatial and power parameters of movements, orientation in space, a sense of rhythm). The main point in the training of athletics exercises is to master the coordination of the movements of the run-up with a reply and run-up with the release of the projectile. After stable execution of learning motor actions, the conditions of execution should be diversified, the range of run in throwing and jumping, weight and shape of throwing shells, methods of overcoming natural and artificial obstacles, etc. To ensure the butterformation and further development of coordination and conditioning abilities.
It should be noted that the same exercise can be used both for teaching motor skills and for the development of coordination and conditioning abilities. Their preferential impact on skill or ability is determined only by a methodical orientation.
Athletic exercises are recommended mainly in the game and competitive form, which should deliver joy and pleasure to children. The systematic carrying out of these exercises allows you to master students with the simplest forms of competition and rules, and a competent objective assessment of their achievements is an incentive for further improvement of the results. All this together contributes to the formation of the moral and volitional qualities of the person's personality, such as discipline, confidence, excerpt, honesty, sense of partnership and collectivism.
Sport games
In terms of its impact, a sports game is the most comprehensive and universal means of developing a child.
Specially selected game exercises performed individually, in groups, teams, mobile games and tasks with the ball create unlimited opportunities for development primarily coordinating (orientation in space, speed of reaction and rebuilding of motor actions, the accuracy of differentiation and evaluation of spatial, time and power parameters of movements , the ability to coordinate individual movements into holistic combinations) and conditioned abilities (power, endurance, speed), as well as all sorts of combinations of these abilities.
At the same time, the material on sports games has a multilateral influence on the development of student's mental processes (perception, attention, memory, thinking, imagination, etc.), the upbringing of moral and volitional qualities, which is created by the need to comply with the rules and conditions of game exercises and the game itself, coordination of individual, Group and team interactions of partners and rivals.
In training groups, it is necessary to strive to teach children to coordinate individual and simple team technical and tactical interactions (with a ball and without a ball) in the attack and in defense, starting with the use of moving games selected for this purpose (type "Ball Fighting", "Captain Ball" ) and special, gradually complicating game exercises (forms).
Gaming exercises and forms of classes create favorable conditions for self-fulfillment of tasks with the ball, implementing an individual and differentiated approach to students who have significant individual differences (abilities). In this regard, children with weak game preparation should be surrounded by special care, actively including them in the implementation of various types of gaming activities.
Among the ways of organizing students in classes, it is advisable to use a circular training method more often, including at the exercise stations with a ball aimed at developing specific coordination and conditioning abilities, the improvement of the main techniques.
The material of the Games is an excellent means and the method of forming the needs, interests and emotions of students. In this regard, learning to gaming material contributes to self-containing classes with sports games.
GPP-1 group (first year of study)
Tasks:
Health promotion, posture improvement, prevention flatfoot; promoting harmonic physical development; Development of stability to adverse environmental conditions; - mastering the school movements;
Development of coordination (accuracy of reproduction and differentiation of spatial, time and power parameters of movements, equilibrium, rhythm, speed and accuracy of response to signals, coordination of movements, orientation) and conditioned (high-speed, speed-force, endurance and flexibility) abilities;
Accommodation for independent practices exercise, mobile games, using them in free time based on the formation of interests for certain types motor activity and identifying predisposition to one or another sports;
Education of discipline, friendly attitude towards comrades, honesty, responsiveness, courage during the fulfillment of physical exercises; Promoting the development of mental processes (presentation, memory, thinking, etc.) during the motor activity.
A distinctive feature Training activities B. training group GNP-1, is an emphasis on solving educational tasks: mastering the school movements, the formation of elementary knowledge about the basics of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle. These tasks should be solved in close relationship with the development of primarily a variety of coordination, as well as conditioning abilities. The result of solving the educational tasks of the lesson should be developed by the skill and interest of students on their own exercise, moving games and use them in their free time. In the process of classes, the teacher must determine the predisposition of the student to certain types of sports and to promote the beginning of these species.
Much attention at each occupation, the teacher must pay upbringing in young athletes of such moral and volitional qualities, such as discipline, friendly attitude to comrades, honesty, responsiveness, courage during the fulfillment of physical exercises, as well as promote the development of mental processes (presentations, memory, thinking and Dr.).
The organization and methodology for conducting classes in the GPP-1 group largely depend on the age-related features of students. When teaching motor actions, preference should be given to a holistic method, paying the focus of the mastery of movements. When conducting classes, it is especially important to correctly call exercises, for sure to demonstrate them, to correct the mistakes in a timely manner.
Training of motor actions and the development of physical abilities of students of this age are closely related. The same exercise can be used both for learning motor skills and for the development of coordination and conditioning abilities. Their preferential impact on the formation of motor skills or on the development of motor ability is determined only by methodical orientation. The skillful combination of the development of coordination, conditioning abilities with teaching engine skills is a distinctive feature of a well-organized pedagogical process.
Speaking about the peculiarities of learning movements, the development of physical abilities in the younger school age, you should select the problem of the optimal ratio of the method of standard and variable (alternating) exercises. As students begin to confidently perform mastered motor actions, the standard-re-exercise method should give way to the method of a variative exercise, which in the younger school age should be combined with the wide use of the game and accessible competitive method.
School age - a favorable period for the development of all coordination and conditioned abilities. However, special attention should be paid to the comprehensive development of coordination, high-speed (reactions and frequency of movements), endurance to moderate loads, speed-force abilities.
To achieve the optimal general and motor density of the classes, it is necessary to widely use non-standard equipment, technical teaching, available simulators.
A distinctive feature of schoolchildren is their great desire, interest, cognitive activity, high emotionality during classes. Therefore, in the classroom, a clear organization, reasonable discipline, based on the exact compliance with the teams, instructions and orders of the teacher, should be combined with the provision of certain freedom and independence of actions, tasks that stimulate creativity and initiative.
GNP-2 Group (second year of study)
Tasks:
Promoting harmonic physical development, fixing the skills of proper posture and stability to adverse conditions of the external environment, education of value orientation on healthy image life and habits of personal hygiene;
Learning the basics of basic modes of motor actions; Further development of coordination (orientation in space, rebuilding motor actions, speed and accuracy of response to signals, coordination of movements, rhythm, equilibrium, accuracy of reproduction and differentiation of the main parameters of movements) and conditioned abilities (speed-power, speed, endurance, strength and flexibility) ;
One of the main tasks of classes at this stage of training is to ensure the further comprehensive development of coordination abilities (orientation in space, the speed of motor action rebuilding, the speed and accuracy of motor reactions, the coordination of movements, rhythm, equilibrium, the accuracy of reproduction and differentiation of power, time and spatial motion parameters ) and conditioned (speed-power, high-speed, endurance, strength, flexibility) abilities, as well as a combination of these abilities.
In the GNP-2 group, the second year of study, it is necessary to gradually increase the requirements for the speed and rationality of the implementation of the studied motor actions, and, finally, to resourcefulness when performing exercises in changing conditions.
In this regard, the teacher must skillfully move from the methods of standard-repeated variative exercise, gaming and competitive methods.
In turn, in this period of children's life, the development of coordination abilities must be organically linked to the education of high-speed, speed-power, as well as endurance and flexibility.
To do this, we must constantly use general and specially developing coordination exercises and alternate them with exercises affecting the specified conditioning abilities.
GNP-3 Group (Third Year of Learning)
Tasks:
Promoting harmonic physical development, the development of abilities to use exercise, hygienic factors and conditions of the external environment to strengthen health status;
Solution of motor experience by mastering new motor actions and the formation of skills to apply them in various conditions of the complexity;
Further development of conditioned (power, speed-force, endurance, speed and flexibility) and coordination abilities (speed, rebuilding of motor actions, coordination, ability to arbitrary muscle relaxation, vestibular stability, etc.);
Fastening the need for regular exercise classes and selected sport.
In the training group of GNP-3, further enrichment of motor experience continues, increasing the focal basis by mastering new, even more complex motor actions and produces the ability to apply them in various conditions of complexity.
In close relationship with the consolidation and improvement of motor skills (techniques and tactics), work is carried out on the versatile development of conditioned (power, speed-power, endurance, high-speed, flexibility) and coordination abilities (the speed of rebuilding and coordination of motor actions, abilities for arbitrary muscle relaxation, vestibular stability), as well as combinations of these abilities.
The work is deepened to consolidate the need for regular exercise activities in children, the formation of adequate self-esteem is focused on the education of such moral and volitional qualities of individuals, such as self-consciousness, worldview, collectivism, purposefulness, excerpt, composure, and on the development of mental processes and Training the basics of self-regulation.
The purpose of the application of these methodological approaches is to educate students in the desire for self-knowledge, strengthening motivation and the development of cognitive interest in exercise classes.
For simultaneous consolidation and improvement of motor skills (techniques) and the development, corresponding coordination and conditioning abilities, it is possible to repeated specially preparatory exercises, purposefully and more often change the individual parameters of movements or their combination, the conditions for performing these exercises, gradually increasing the intensity and volume of physical exertion. To this end, it is recommended to broadly apply a variety of methodological techniques related to the method of variable (alternating) exercises, gaming and competitive. In this way, the versatile development of various motor abilities is achieved and the relationship of the development of abilities with in-depth technical and tactical improvement is ensured.
Students are able to consciously manage their movements, can simultaneously perceive complex actions, differ in greater organized, focus, depth and accuracy of thinking. Therefore, in occupations with them, it is recommended to use so-called specialized funds, methods and methodological techniques: visual benefits, schemes, models that reveal biomechanics movements, video, "ideomotor" exercise; means and techniques for duplication, orientation and election demonstration; Takes and conditions of directional "Fulling" movements, methods of urgent information.
The paper uses all the well-known ways to organize classes: frontal, group and individual. In place, it is recommended to apply the method of individual tasks, additional exercises, tasks for mastering motor actions, the development of physical abilities, taking into account the type of physique, inclinations, physical and technical and tactical preparedness. To accurately control the individual portability of the physical activity, it is recommended to widerly apply known options for circular workout.
Passage of educational material (learning educational theme) must be carried out in a logical sequence, in the system of interrelated classes. At the same time, the teacher must correctly link the themes among themselves, to determine the volume of educational material for each occupation, take into account the stage of teaching the engineering action, to conduct training in accordance with the proper transfer of motor skills, the level of technical and physical readiness of the student.
Calendar-thematic planning for students of GNP-1
(first year of study)
| classes | date hold | Section | Number of hours |
|
| Theory (1 hour) | Conversation: "Physical Culture and Sport". | |||
| Athletics (16 hours) | Running short distances. | |||
| Running short distances. | ||||
| Low start, high start. | ||||
| Starts. Starting overclocking. | ||||
| Starting run. | ||||
| Finishing. | ||||
| Running on medium distances. | ||||
| Running on medium distances. | ||||
| Cross preparation. | ||||
| Cross preparation. | ||||
| Control tests (3 hours) | Control tests. | |||
| Athletics (2 hours) | ||||
| Autumn athletics cross. | ||||
| Special preparation (3 hours) | Special preparation. | |||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| Basketball (13h.) | ||||
| Transfer the ball in place. | ||||
| Special preparation (1 h.) | Special preparation. | |||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| Basketball (10 hours) | Throwing the ball in the basket, in motion. | |||
| Finds. Academic game. | ||||
| Preparation for competitions. | ||||
| Competitions for basketball. | ||||
| Competitions for basketball. | ||||
| Volleyball (26 hours) | Safety in volleyball classes. | |||
| Racks, movement in racks. | ||||
| Receive and transfer the ball. | ||||
| Academic game. | ||||
| Competitions on volleyball. | ||||
| Competitions on volleyball. | ||||
| Lower straight feed. Academic game. | ||||
| Lower straight feed. | ||||
| Top straight feed. | ||||
| Feed the ball in zones. Swimming competition. | ||||
| General physical training (1 hour) | General physical preparation. | |||
| Special preparation (4 hours) | ||||
| Special preparation. | ||||
| Volleyball (1 h.) | ||||
| Theory (1 hour) | Conversation: "Hygiene, warning injuries, self-control." | |||
| Volleyball (3 hours) | ||||
| General physical training (1 hour) | General physical preparation. | |||
| Control tests (3 hours) | Control tests | |||
| Gymnastics with acrobatics elements (15 hours) | ||||
| Molding exercises (with objects). | ||||
| Molding exercises. | ||||
| Gymnastic combination of mastered elements. | ||||
| Gymnastic combination. | ||||
| Theory (1 hour) | Conversation: "Injuries. Providing first aid. " | |||
| General physical training (1 hour) | General physical preparation. | |||
| Moving games (10 hours) | ||||
| Moving games with volleyball elements. | ||||
| Moving games with elements of acrobatics. | ||||
| Moving games with basketball elements. | ||||
| Special preparation (1 h.) | Special preparation. | |||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| Theory (1 hour) | Conversation: "Rules of competitions, equipment, inventory" | |||
| Basketball (17 h.) | Transfer the ball in place. Throwing to the basket. | |||
| Transfer of the ball in motion, with shift places. | ||||
| Maintaining a ball with a change in direction and speed. | ||||
| Throwing the ball in the basket, in motion. | ||||
| Finds. Academic game. | ||||
| Digging and knocking the ball. | ||||
| Judge practice. Rules. Judging. | ||||
| Combinations of mastered elements. | ||||
| Academic game. Judging. | ||||
| Theory (1 hour) | Conversation: "The meaning of physical culture and sports". | |||
| General physical training (8 hours) | General physical preparation. | |||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| Athletics (15 hours) | ||||
| Jump in height with 7-9 steps run. | ||||
| High jump on the result. | ||||
| Low start, high start. | ||||
| Starts. Starting overclocking. | ||||
| Finishing. | ||||
| Running on medium distances. | ||||
| Running on medium distances. | ||||
| Cross preparation up to 10 minutes. | ||||
| Cross preparation up to 15 minutes. | ||||
| Control tests (3 hours) | Control tests | |||
| Athletics (7 hours) | Long jump from running "Bending legs". | |||
| Long jump from running "Bending legs". Phases. | ||||
| Long jump from the runway "Bending the legs" to the result | ||||
| Throwing a small ball. | ||||
| Backup day | Total physical Preparation (3 hours) | General physical preparation. | ||
| Backup day | Special preparation (1 h.) | Special preparation. |
Calendar and thematic planning for students of GNP-2
(second year of study)
| classes | date hold | Section | Number of hours |
|
| Theory (2 hours) | Conversations: "Physical Culture and Sport", "Hygiene, warning injuries, self-control." | |||
| Athletics (16 hours) | Running short distances. | |||
| Starts. Starting overclocking. Running short distances. | ||||
| Starting run. Running on medium distances. | ||||
| Finishing. Running on medium distances. | ||||
| Throwing a small ball for a distance. | ||||
| Throwing a small ball in the target. Cross preparation. | ||||
| Throwing a small ball for a distance. Cross preparation. | ||||
| Cross preparation. | ||||
| Control tests (2 hours) | Control tests. | |||
| Athletics (2 hours) | Preparation for the autumn athletics cross. | |||
| Special preparation (2 hours) | Special preparation. | |||
| General physical training (2 hours) | General physical preparation. | |||
| Basketball (12h.) | Safety in basketball classes. | |||
| Racks, movement in racks. Transfer ball. | ||||
| Transfer of the ball in motion, with shift places. | ||||
| Maintaining a ball with a change in direction and speed. | ||||
| Throwing the ball in the basket, from the spot. | ||||
| Throwing the ball in the basket, in motion. | ||||
| Special preparation (2 hours) | Special preparation. | |||
| General physical training (2 hours) | General physical preparation. | |||
| Basketball (12 hours) | Throwing the ball in the basket, in motion. | |||
| Finds. Academic game. | ||||
| Psychological training. Academic game. | ||||
| Preparation for competitions. | ||||
| Competitions for basketball. | ||||
| Competitions for basketball. | ||||
| Volleyball (26 hours) | Safety in volleyball classes. Racks. | |||
| Movement in racks. Transfer ball. | ||||
| Transfer the ball in place, in motion. | ||||
| Transfer from above and below with two hands. | ||||
| Attacking. | ||||
| Feed the ball (upper and lower straight). | ||||
| Academic game. Tactical actions. | ||||
| Blocking an attacking strike. | ||||
| Competitions on volleyball. | ||||
| Competitions on volleyball. | ||||
| Attacking. Academic game. | ||||
| Top straight feed. | ||||
| Feed the ball in zones. Academic game. | ||||
| Special preparation (6 h.) | Out with balls. Special preparation. | |||
| Special preparation. | ||||
| Route with stuffed balls. Special preparation. | ||||
| Volleyball (4 hours) | Tactical preparation in attack and protection. | |||
| Judge practice. Academic game. | ||||
| General physical training (2 hours) | General physical preparation. | |||
| Control tests (2 hours) | Control tests | |||
| Gymnastics with acrobatics elements (10 hours) | Molding exercises (with objects). | |||
| Gymnastic elements ("Bridge", rack on the blades). | ||||
| Gymnastic elements ("Wheel", rigs, clusters). | ||||
| Gymnastic elements (half-sleep, twine). | ||||
| Gymnastic combination of mastered elements. | ||||
| Theory (2 hours) | Conversations: "Injuries. First aid help "Rules for competitions, equipment, inventory" | |||
| Moving games (4h.) | Moving games with volleyball elements. | |||
| Moving games with basketball elements. | ||||
| Special preparation (2 hours) | Special preparation. | |||
| General physical training (4 hours) | General physical preparation. | |||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| Basketball (10 hours) | Tactical actions in the attack. Academic game. | |||
| Tactical action in defense. | ||||
| Academic game. Judging. | ||||
| Tactical actions in the attack. Academic game. | ||||
| Tactical action in defense. | ||||
| Athletics (10 hours) | Jump in the height of the way "Stepping". | |||
| Jump in the height of the way "Stepping". Phases. | ||||
| High jump on the result. | ||||
| Bar of obstacles. | ||||
| Control tests (2 hours) | Control tests | |||
| Total physical Preparation (4 hours) | General physical preparation. | |||
| General physical preparation. | ||||
| Athletics (8h.) | Passing the bar of obstacles. | |||
| Transmission of the relay stick. | ||||
| Refectory running. | ||||
| Backup day | Refectory running. | |||
| Backup day | Transmission of the relay stick. Refectory running. |
Distribution of training time
on various types of software
| № p/ p | Year of study |
|||
| GNP-1 (5 hours) | GNP-2 (4 hours) | GNP-3 (5 hours) |
||
| Theoretical part: | ||||
| Physical Culture and sport. Hygiene, prevention injury, self-control, first aid. Rules of competition, places of classes, equipment, inventory. | ||||
| Practical part: | ||||
| 1) Athletics: Running short distances Starting Range Low start, high start Finishing Cross 1000-1500 m. Long jumps from running Jump in height Throwing a small ball Bar obstacle Outfect run Judging practice | ||||
| 2) Moving games | ||||
| 3) Basketball: Racks, movement Transfer the ball in place in motion Dribbling Throwing to the basket from the spot, in motion Judging practice | ||||
| 4) Volleyball: Racks, moving Taking and transfer the ball Serving the ball Attacking Blocking an attacking strike Tactical action on the site Judging practice | ||||
| 5) Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics: - Outlooking exercises - Gymnastic elements - Gymnastic combinations | ||||
| 6) Special preparation. | ||||
| 7) general physical training. | ||||
| 8) control tests. | ||||
| TOTAL: | ||||
Bibliography:
When drawing up a working program, the following regulatory documents and literature are used:
1. The concept of modernization of Russian education for the period up to 2010. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 30. 08.2002G.H1507-P;
2. Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of 31. 10. 2003 No. 13-51-263 / 13 "On the assessment and certification of students attributed for health to a special medical group for physical culture.
3. Children's moving games. / Sost.T.I.Grishkov. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk Book Publishing House, 1992.
4. Strakovskaya V.L. 300 Mobile Games for Health of Children from 1 to 14 years. - M.: New School, 1994
6. Glazerina L.D., Lopatica T.A. Methods of teaching physical culture: 1-4 cl.: Method. Manual and program. - M.: Humanit. ed. Center Vlados, 2002.-208S.- (B-ka primary school teachers).
7. Stepanova O.A. Game and health work in elementary school: a methodological manual for primary school teachers, educators of the extended day, teachers of the system of additional education and parents. Series "Game Technologies" - M.: TC Sphere, 2003. - 144c.
8. Lyakh V.I., Zdanevich A.A. Comprehensive program of physical education of students I - XI classes, Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2011.
9. Zheleznyak Yu.d., Portnov Yu.M. Sports Games: Technique, Tactics, Training Methods, M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2002.
10. Antonova Yu. A. The best sports games for children and parents, Moscow, 2006.
11. Balyasnya L.K., Sorokina T.V. Education of schoolchildren in extracurricular time, Moscow, "Enlightenment", 1980.
Olympic is a legendary sports facility, one of the main attractions of Moscow. The History of the Sport Complex has for four decades. It was built to the 1980 Olympic Games and for a long time It was the largest indoor sports facility in Europe.
At the end of 2017, the object acquired the Kyiv Square Group of the Year of the Year Nisanova and Zhaha Ivava. Currently, the holding conducts the reconstruction of the complex, which is planned to be completed in 2023.
In the new Olympic, equip the multifunctional arena, intended for concert, sports and circus events, space for exhibitions and conferences, a multiple cinema, a children's entertainment center, an electronic library, a medical diagnostic center, and the project provides for the planetarium. On its roof will earn moving panoramic restaurants.
After the reconstruction of Olympic, the Olympic will retain its sports function. In the updated "Olympic" re-earn swimming pools, indoor rink, gymnastic halls, and water park, diving center, will appear. tennis courts, spa and fitness zones, etc. In addition, parking will be expanded, which will make a visit to the Olympic "more comfortable.
With deep antiquity, the idea of \u200b\u200bintroducing for people of comprehensive physical training came. It is known that the basal physical abilities of a person are developing so well, while harmony in the activities of organs and all organism systems in general is not violated. For example, the development of force should occur in unity with the development of speed, dexterity and endurance. Only due to such coherence there is mastery of vital skills.
Why do general physical training need?
The OFP is undoubtedly a beneficial effect on the psychological and physical health of the child. And systematic training is able to provide a beneficial effect on the behavior and emotional state of the schoolchild.
Who needs the OFP?
- with frequent disadvantaged diseases;
- with disorders of posture;
- with excessive hyperactivity of the child.
Help children calm down and focus on a certain passion. At the same time, the child and parents will feel more comfortable and more confident with each other.
How and where is the general physical training?
There are special circles for general physical training that work on the basis of schools or in special sports complexes. Preparation in such circles is carried out in order to:
- strengthen health and harden athletes;
- develop a comprehensive horizon;
- purchase instructor skills and master the ability to independently play sports;
- to form moral and volitional qualities of a citizen.
Any schoolboy who successfully passed a medical examination is allowed to classes in such circles.
General physical training is able to influence the education in the person of the following qualities:
- you were fast;
- agility;
- forces;
- flexibility;
- endurance.
It is possible to conduct an OFP for children even at home, as it includes very available exercises. Classes are welcomed by sporting events in the fresh air, especially in the spring-autumn period.
Such physical exertion is capable of keeping muscles in tone all the time, improve the operation of the musculoskeletal system, the operation of internal organs and systems, the mentally emotional state of the child.
In addition, the complex of program activities is aimed at the development of the student qualities of the schoolchild, the manifestation of the ability to independence in solving many tasks and light digestibility of the school program.
An important aspect when smoking a mug on the OFP is to interest the child to the head of the mug. After all, only an experienced specialist will be able to find an individual approach to the kid and develop interest in that lesson, thereby favorably affect its physical and mental health.
Circle OFP
There are many sports sections According to the OFP for children, it will be very difficult to list everything. In such a variety of choice, it is not easy to highlight something one. In the case when you want to do several sports at once, you can draw your attention to the circle of general physical training.
Program mug of offp
The program on the OFP in the circle is very similar to the program and methods that children are studying in secondary schools. It is designed for one year when visiting a mug of one hour per week.
Plan of training sessions
Insofar as oFP program - This is primarily a variety of independent activities, which are distinguished by the nature of the performance and the volume of loads, it is necessary to take into account the individual features of a particular child. The head of the mug must approach this issue quite seriously and carefully examine the data of its future pupils to avoid further negative consequences.
The OFP section implies the following stages to compile an individual classes. The first meeting of the coach with the future pupil is - this is first stage In learning a child and drawing up a plan of classes. The head of the circle personally communicates with the child and his parents, learns about the preferred types of sports load.
An important role is played by a medical examination of children and a conversation with a doctor about every particular child. During this conversation, you can more clearly designate the load boundaries for children. Already at first occupations, watching the circles, it is clear to distinguish the strengths and weaknesses of children, choose certain individual plans for classes. The results of control exercises that should be carried out upon receipt and at the end of each month can be imprisoned.
But after, it is worth paying attention to every child, assessing their reaction to the proposed load, in order to avoid the overvoltage of children.
The main stages of work
- First communication with the child and parents.
- The results of the medical examination of the child.
- Pedagogical observations at first occupations.
- Results of control exercises.
- Systematic assessment of student reactions for load.
Responsibilities coach
But not only the working program on the OFP is responsible for the educator. The coach must teach children to the right nutrition and the day regime, if necessary, help make them up, help form the ability and skills of the child in relation to sportswear and shoes, personal hygiene, trace, so that the children have learned and implement the safety technique and follow the state of their health, on time Reporting about his changes.
Selection of funds and methods of practical training
When drawing up a plan of classes, the trainer should not only take into account the learning side of the process, but also to instill in children interest in different types of sports load. Each lesson must be fascinating, it must occupy children, with this task will be easy to cope if the occupation will combine several sports (orientation, athletics, volleyball, table tennis). A circle on the OFP involves the systematic holding of sports competitions - this will qualitatively increase the interest of children to sports, will help develop leadership qualities.
Should be considered:
- individual features of each child;
- medical indications;
- age of each group of children;
- various sporty tasks;
- interest in victory.
If you take into account everything the above factorsThe occupation in the circle will be interesting and entertaining for every child.
Classes for general physical training. Their construction
The duration of the school year is nine months (September - May). Throughout this time, classes on general physical training are held.
Several types of OFP groups are distinguished. Thus, in groups with initial training, the classes throughout the school year do not have any distinctions and proceed with a single process. Such a feature is associated with the lack of any participation in competitions of any level. The activities of such groups lies in the conduct of a large number of internal relay, the delivery of basic standards and various sports fun. The intensity of classes remains high regardless of the change of seasons. A special emphasis is on holding outdoors.
Planning on offp
Planning is based on the two main characteristics of the loads:
- Low intensity and low volume.
- High intensity and high volume.
In each of the results are individual on the OFP. The circle is designed for individual versions of loads for children of different physical training.
Another species is in this embodiment, classes occurs taking into account the following types of exercises:
- On the development of agility. it sophisticated exercises coordination nature.
- Powerful exercises. They are used in parallel with the exercises on the development of flexibility, also turning on endurance training.
So, the OFP is an object that the mandatory element should be a game. It can be both a moving nature and sports. Games are used for emotional lifting in a group, raising the level of high-speed and power indicators, dexterity. And, depending on the specifically set task, the set and sequence of exercise changes, which affects the final result.