What do you think can combine swimming with athletics, and football and basketball - with rhythmic gymnastics and biathlon? That's right - all these types of sports are considered to be Olympic. This means that they relate to one of the two programs of the Olympic Games - either to winter or summer.
Neolmpic sports - What is the concept?
But in fact, sports are available in the world twice as much as those list of which are specified in the Olympic program. Than just people do not do! And rugby, sambo, and hockey with a ball, and many to many others. All this is neolmpic sports, the list of which looks very impressive. Why some kind of kinds are Olympic, and others - no?
There are many reasons for here. Suppose rugby - what is the good sport? Not too popular? We have in Russia - yes. But, for example, in England, rugby matches consistently collect whole stadiums of fans. And also in many other countries.
In this case, the reason is not in this. As you know, the Olympic Games in the summer continue not more than 15 days. For a draw of the Olympic championship, for example, rugby, time is required much more. The fact is that rugby refers to contact species. It is very labor, and players are laid out entirely and completely. After each match, they need extra time to restore forces, more than, for example, footballers.
And this is also sport
Another reason - many games can be attributed to sports with a serious stretch. Personally, you know that Bowling and billiards are also considered sports? Most people in everyday life consider these classes only cheerful leisureThey never will come to mind that it is also neolmpic sports. The list includes and chess - and after all, the overwhelming majority refers to them only as a highly intelligent game, developing the brain, but not to the sports session. And this, provided that chess, as billiards and all the same bowling in our country, have their own federations, that is, officially considered sports.
These species tried to repeatedly include in the Olympiad Program in different years. Perhaps in the future it will happen. But so far they are not. Apparently not enough spectacles. After all, the Olympic Games are primarily in mass events. It is difficult to imagine how the full stadium of the spectators will be, hopping his breath, follow the duel of two chess players.
Of course, all these criteria are sufficiently subjective. For example, Kerling recognized the Olympic Act of Sports in 1998. An ordinary viewer is incomprehensible than Kerling better or spectable to the same bowling.
Fight and not surrender
Representatives of the Federation of Neolimpian Sports do not want to accept the status of those such and continue to fight the Olympiads involved in the program. But it is quite difficult to do it. And in order to "put" in the program, any sport will have to exclude something else.
If the program of the first Olympic Games concluded only 9 types of sports, then over time, it broke so much that it had to limit such a variety and even to exclude something. Thus, such neolympic sports such as cricket and crocketh, polo, who were present in the first half of the last century, were thrown from the program. In this century, baseball and softball were excluded from the program, on the verge of exception - boxing.
Neolmpic sports that do not want to be
The most actively fighting for the status of the Olympic representatives of various types of martial arts. They achieved inclusion in the Boxing Olympics program, Judo, Taekwondo. Regular IOC applications bombard Karate Federation, Wushla, Sambo, kickboxing and other types of struggle. But they have not achieved the result.
Despite the popularity of individual force varieties, to cancel the status of "Neolmpic Sports" to their representatives yet. So, there is no longer fighting for this status of Gire Sports, Powerlifting and Arm Westling. The federation of sports dance - spectacular and very dynamic sport - constantly submits applications in the IOC, and is also constantly disappointed. But because dance Sport do not call less beautiful or spectacular than figure skatingwhich is "registered" in the program of the Olympic Games a long time ago.
Are there lucky?
The same aforementioned intellectual sports like checkers, chess, billiards also have a little chance to get into the number of participants of the Olympiad. It is believed that the IOC prefers competitions that imply real physical exertion.
And yet, despite the fact that the program of the Olympiads of the Olympiad is filled with a string, some sports still manage to break into the number of lucky. So, relatively recently, the Summer Olympic program was replenished with golf, winter - snowboard.
Most parents seek to identify a child from the small years to some kind of sports section. Neolimpic sports of Russia at the same time in our country prefer infrequently. Choosing a type of physical activity to the son or daughter, most often stop on the fact that is included in the cherished program. What is it connected with? The main advantage is a state financing that allows young athletes in the future to build a sports career.
A look into the past
If you turn to the story, you can recall that they started on the territory Ancient Greece In antique times. Then they participated exclusively men, and they were dedicated their contests with numerous pagan gods. Games always started races on chariots, later various martial arts, horse run, pentathlon were included. In addition, in the Olympics of those times there were advisses of Gerolds and trumpets. Separate nominations, like running, not lost popularity and soy.
Now there are many sports known in the world, prestigious, fashionable, besides the official structure of competitions and their own international associations. These are neolmpic sports recognized by IOC, but still not included in the Olympic program.
Some of them did not become so only due to limited popularity (in individual countries). An example can serve American football, some species are all the same cricket and various extreme innovations.
Included in the Olympic Games program by the decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution of at least 20-20 countries of two three continents (summer species in men at least 40 countries of the three continents) and the availability ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Included in the Olympic Games program by the decision of the International Olympic Committee, subject to distribution of at least 20-20 countries of two three continents (summer species in men at least 40 countries of three continents) and the presence ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Main article: Sport type of sport A combustion of species sports Competitioncombined by signs of similarity rules, one sports federation, etc. Contents 1 Game sports 1.1 ... Wikipedia
Olympic Summer Sports - recognized IOC sports included in the Olympic Summer Games Program :. Water sports. Archery. Athletics. Badminton. Basketball. Boxing. Rowing on kayaks and canoeing. Cycling ... ...
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Sports that suggest the use of skis when conducting competitions. Olympic Biathlon Mountain Skiing (Sports) Ski Dummy ski race Ski jumps from springboard Snowboarding Freestyle Neolimpian ski windsurfing ski ... ... Wikipedia
Collective name of sports (sports games) ice skating, skiing and various types of sleigh, competitions for which are held on ice and snow. To Z. in. from. include: biathlon ski racing with a shooting rifle on firing lines; ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Memorable coins of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dedicated to the Olympic Winter Sports. Main article: Memorable coins of Russia Series: "Sport" Winter Sports Series "Winter Sports", produced in 2009 2010, consists ... ... Wikipedia
Paralympic Games. History and sports - From the history of the Paralympic Games of Paralympiad, the Olympic Games of persons with disabilities in the world is considered almost the same outstanding event as the Olympiad itself. The emergence of sports in which people with disabilities can participate, connect with the name ... ... Encyclopedia Newsmakers
Women's sports at the 1908 IV Olympics - July 13 marks a hundred years since the opening of the IV Olympiad. In these summer Olympics, held in London, women took part for the first time. IV Summer Olympic Games took place in London from April 27 to October 31, 1908. Official ... ... Encyclopedia Newsmakers
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Kaluga State Pedagogical University
For the subject "Physical Culture" on the topic:
"Unconventional, extreme,
Not Olympic Sports. "
Group: ORM - 21.
Student: Ioenko Denis.
Sport is one of the key moments of human life. For many centuries, people competed with each other, tried to be the first, the best, the only ones. It is thanks to this desire that various competitions arose, where every person could without harm to those who surround himself, showing what he was capable of.
A huge number of competitions and sports achievements originated in the depths of centuries, but there are also young sports that are not even decades. Not all of them are safe for health, but there are people ready to take a chance to give pleasure to themselves and others.
In my abstract, I would like to touch on the topic of extreme sports in sports, as well as try to qualify those traditional sports that did not enter the status of Olympic species, but are an integral part of life modern societyFor many years, there are interesting and exciting sports competitions. They, too, undoubtedly deserve attention. And it is about some of them that will be discussed in my abstract.
Dozens, and possibly hundreds of sports are popular and in demand from a huge number of people. Of course, we can not even briefly stop at all of them, but with some we will get closer.
Oddly enough, but in the world there are many people who cannot live without adrenaline in the blood. And all these people also make history, although some consider them for the crazy who are tired of living ...
No matter how old, but no one can combine separately taken extreme sports in some groups and subgroups, each sport is its own world in which the entry is prohibited.
In his abstract, I would like to talk in more detail only about one of the categories of extreme sports, which can only be combined with one aspect - the presence of a board.
Surprisingly, by the end of the twentieth century, simply before the refusal stuffed with all sorts of technical bells, the avant-garde sport just reached for simplicity. Normal, if not to say primitive, the board began to identify the form and content of all new-fashioned entertainment. A sail attached to the chalkboard and began to gliss the waves - windsurfing appeared. Having a parachute dome by shoulders, they came up with a helicopter on the board and imitate sliding and dizzying tricks in a free fall - Sky-surfing was born. The chambers attached wheels, and a street sports culture was formed - skateboarding. But the new idea did not stand in place, and quite recently there was wakeboarding - skating on a board at a towing boat. And, of course, the publication could not leave the winter sport, snow and mountain slopes without attention. Snowboard - Snowboard - can be considered a great sports and entertainment inventory of our time, which the younger generation with enthusiasm supported the "Hurray", is commensurate with the former choice of "pepsi".
Skycerfing
Skyrserfing jumps with skiing on the performance of various shapes in a free fall - a relatively young view of parachute. Appearing recently, he got very rapid development in Russia. The aerodynamics of the skier is very different from the simple free fall, so ski jumps are considered to be almost another sport. Since all the work goes in a free drop, then an air operator is needed to evaluate the jump, which removes the entire jump and on the basis of this video is an assessment. Thus, the team consists of two people - skier and operator. Only 50 seconds of the jump goes to the offset. The skill and artistry of the performance of the figures and the operation of the operator is estimated. In order for skiing, there is a ski uncoupling mechanism in emergency situations. If the ski is heavier than 20 g / cm it must be equipped with its own parachute. Jumping with skiing is a complex sport and only very experienced athletes are allowed to it, although at the moment, according to one of the Skyrserfers, only the lazy does not want to jump with skiing. Although this statement does not quite correspond to the truth, but the dynamics of the development of this sport is simply amazing. In 1995, at the World Championships, our athletes occupied enough high placesDespite the almost complete absence of competitive experience in this form. Russian athletes showed excellent results on international Competitions. And in 1998, Russian Skyrserfer Valery Rosov ranked first on X-Games.
Skateboarding
Skateboarding ranks first on the dynamics of popularity growth, ahead of snowboarding, aggressive rollers and BMX cycles. He is a participant in all MTV Sports and Music festivals, is included in the Summer Extreme Games (X-Games) program held by ESPN, in three disciplines, and is considered a potential Olympic Sports.
Skateboarding appeared at the end of the 60s in the Sunny State of California. This state to this day is considered to be the center of skateboard movement. California surfers invented a skateboard as a land analogue of the surf. A detour of obstacles, high-speed descent - this is the area that the first skaters have mastered and improved. At the time to be considered steep, it was enough to eat with a slide, elementary without falling. If you knew how to ride your hands, then all local girls wanted to sleep with you.
In the 70s, skaters were reflected long hair, and skateboarding was technically complicated. Then Ollie Gelfand (Ollie Gelfand) came up with Ollie trick (Ollie). An ordinary jump on the board without hands has become the basis for the further development of the entire skateboarding. Already later, another cult person, Rodney Mullen (Rodney Mullen), on the basis of Olli creates a whole bunch of tricks that have made the entire modern streetstyle.
On the hand skaters played a crisis in the real estate industry. Many pools, built for the rich, turned out to be without owners. For skateboarding, they fit perfectly, as Americans build their pools with rounded walls. Skaters just occupied all empty swimming pools. This was born another direction - Pula Skating. In the 90s skateboarding finally becomes a popular extreme sport. The government builds special parks, colorful magazines are being produced on three pages, the best skateborads are shown in the box. Skate Video The Storm company Osiris is available in a DVD format with a separate soundtrack. Finally, passersby cease to shine at the sight of a well done cruising on a roller board.
But not with us. Unlike the staff, skateboarding in the USSR appeared only at the beginning of the 80s. Up to the 90s, he existed in the form of slalom. A demonstration in the cinemas of American films about skaters was carried out a huge impact on the development of traffic in the country of the Councils: reaching the impossible and collision. After that, the boom began. Several military factories retrained to produce skates. There were some competitions, such as the Cup of the Union. But branded beards, on which you can jump, did only abroad, closed for USSR citizens. The information also missed out from abroad. Therefore, the popularity of skateboarding gradually descended to the mid-90s. The second coming began in the 96th year of 97th, when young people had a real opportunity to ride abroad. And the growth leap has begun in the last two years, when several skateshops opened. Immediately there were first professionals and competitions. But domestic skateboarding is still ahead. And you have a chance to become a real star in some of his varieties.
Modern skateboarding is divided into several species: vert (riding in Rampa), Street (street skating), skating in mini ramp and pool Skating (riding in the pool). For each type there is its own technique, its tricks. The most technically complex look - the vert, not every beginning skate course risks, simply, move from the four-five-meter steep edge of the ramp. Ramp - Poltruba, expensive construction, is not everywhere, so the vert is an elite type of skateboarding. The names of the Top Skaters, which occupy the top lines, are known worldwide. These are Americans Tony Hawk (Tony Hawk), Andy Macdonald (Andy Macdonald), Swiss Mathias Ringstrom (Mathias Ringstrom). Matthias, for example, starred in the Sprite commercial.
Street style is most accessible and popular, based on overcoming all sorts of street obstacles with various tricks: benches, borders, railing, steps, flower, urn, etc.
Over the forty years of its existence, skateboarding can be proud of its achievements recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. Some of them:
In the summer of 1999, Tony Hawk performed 2.5 (900 degrees) turnover in the Ramp. 900 degrees -Suble complex trick in the history of skateboarding. Hawk, which has already walked for the third ten, tried to perform this trick for 13 years. Another cult skate driver - Danny Wei jumped twice from the helicopter, first installing the world record in the height of the jump 5 meters of 5 millimeters, and then trying to beat him.
Many skeptics, critically related to skateboarding, do not even imagine how deeply penetrated the roots of skateboarding into youth culture. Gwen Stefanni from the NO Doubt group, John Bon Jovi, the leader of the Metalica group rode on skates. Limp Biscuit, Ben Harper and Innocence Criminals Group, Beastie Boys, Mel C, 311 invited Skateboarders to be filmed in their clips.
Baby's scandalous film, the debut of the famous photographer Larry Clark was shot not just about the life of adolescents, but about the life of New York teenagers - skaters. Sponsored by major skate companies, in particular a shoe company Airwalk. In one of the roles, a professional skater from Zoo York Harold Hunter starred.
Spike Jones - a cult director still removes the video for the Skate of Girl / Chocolate. He did a Sabotage clip for the Beastie Boys Trio, and one of his latest works - Praise You clip (Fat Boy Slim). Spike himself performed the role of an insane breakman from the commune of public dance lovers. Last year, he worked at the studio Universal Pictures over the full-length picture of Being John Malkovich with a fashion actress Cameron Diaz.
There is a youth skateboard game show on cable television in Japan. In a huge studio, the designers staged a labyrinth from the ramp, semi-band, quarters of the ramp, benches, railing, etc. The task of the player is to go through the whole course without falling from the board, without touching the earth with his hands and legs. To enjoy the audience, the producers installed in a difficult water pool in a challenge. The prize fund is several thousand dollars.
Video game developers have already realized that skateboarding is a future sport. During 1999, one after one came out several games on the prefix Sony PlayStation: Street Skater, Tony Hawk S Pro Skater, Trasher. Play some of them are no less interesting than riding. Tony Hawk S Pro Skater developers made a bet on digitizing the figures of the strongest professionals. For the tracks, real popular skating places, shot in dozens of skate video, such as Bernside Skatepark and Habba Hydaut in San Francisco, were chosen.
Very popular youth shoe companies (starting like a skateboarding ked manufacturers) DCSHOECOUSA, VANS is already breathing in the back of Nike and Adidas sports monsters. Those, in turn, try to break through to a new profitable market, releasing a series of skate shoes. Adidas attracts to his team as old, cult skaters, and promising youth to advertise their products. Now everyone worn clothes with symbols of companies producing skateboard products. Tommy Hilfiger, Livece released clothing line for skaters. Skateboarding with hip-hop culture is especially closely connected. Wu-Tang Clan has developed skateboards with their symbolism. Coca-Cola, Casio G-Shock, Swatch concluded major sponsorship contracts with some pro.
Skateboard consists of several parts: boards (decks), suspension, wheels, bearings, screws and skins.
1. Any deck consists of 6 or 7 compressed wooden layers. Buying, check if there are no visible bundles between the layers.
2. Ask the seller: how long did the decks delivered? Usually skateboard companies produce 2-4 series Dec. If the board fell into the store for more than six months, it can break on the first day, as it gradually shanks, loses shape.
3. The width of the suspension must match the width of the board. You can just just, undesirably wider.
4. For the ramp, it is better to choose wheels more, boards.
5. I recommend twist all the screws. The likelihood is reduced that the board will break. Newbie Skateboard is better to buy assembly. It will cost you cheaper than buying a deck (board), suspension, wheels, bearings, screws and skins separately.
So, you really want to learn how to ride a blackboard with wheels like foreign units on TV. For all the cool tricks on the "II" video (and our too) cost years of stubborn riding - every day to eight hours, and even more. Skateboarding is one of the most complex species of extreme sports. So decide, for a start, you can afford to pay so much time to skiing ... The next aspect is financial. New decks and sneakers are quite expensive. And the ride will have long. On average, in one season, the novice can learn about 10 tricks. Plus falls ... about falls - separately. They are an indispensable element of skiing, prepare for the fact that the fall will have to fall quite often. Therefore, if you have already been engaged in extreme sports, it will be a little simpler.
The basis for almost every stunt on a skateboard - Ollie - This is, directly, jump into the air while skate is attached to your feet. So, if you eat on a skateboard on the street, and suddenly suddenly the old grandmother falls in front of you and block your way, then you will have to make Ollie to jump over and continue your way further.
Place your front foot in the middle of the board, and your back leg on the boards. It is your preliminary placement of legs, it will help you jump above.
You need to touch the tip (tail) of the earth board (further it will be called a click). Click must at the time when you jump. As soon as the tail board touched the earth, you must slide the front foot from the middle of your board to the nose (or to the beginning of the board). The secret of this trick is that there must be a "jump" with a "click", and at the same time with a sliding leg - it is achieved by practice, so be the patient, and you have. Tip: You start jumping from the rear wheels, before the tail of the board actually touches the Earth.
Bounce. Jumping in the air you "slip leg" align your board. "Sliding leg" is the process of the scraper of your foot (or more likely your shoes) up and forth along the skins to the nose of the board. You do it only after the tail of the board will affect the earth and jumps. In fact, you should simultaneously click and start slipping by foot.
Landing. Tip: Good thing I need to remember to do any trick, I call it "box." Imagine yourself in the invisible "box" size with your skateboard. Always keep your body focused on the center over your board and in this "box." I find that it will help you successfully land with tricks, because the most common mistake is too much to be inclined, then ahead, then back.
At the end of the conversation about Skateboard, I would like to say: do not try to make the tricks that you have to do early, for example, jump over the tire with Olli 20 cm or the first time in the ramp, move from the very top. This, of course, is a cool thing that you are not afraid, but maybe because of this you will have to lose opportunities for skate on skate.
VMK
History is silent when and who came up with BMX, but still it exists and continues to develop around the world, and in our country. Like most modern sports, BMX was created in America. At first it was just little bikenot intended for any tricks! On him just went! Soon the disassemble guys who are tired of just ride, began to jump, and wear through the streets. And manufacturers began to develop and offer new designs of such bicycles. Soon there was a compound "American Freestyle - Association (AFA)". She united hundreds of Rider Rider, Flatland "Eros and Fans Vert. All riders tried to follow the traditions of AFA and put on full protection, not looking at the discipline. By that time there were no" Protec "helmets, so I had to do tricks in huge Ecko helmets. The AFA had novice, experienced, experts and professionals separated by 4 groups: from 13 and younger, 14-15, 16-18, 19 and older. In one of the competitions there were 120 participants in the category 16-18 among Flatlands experts. The best riders competed both in Flat and in the verte. We will drive it in Pampa (most often in Half-Pipe) and includes Tsyuki in the air (in departures, the so-called air-tricks), all kinds of moves, slides Papampa (COUNG) and DPUGI.
Bike care was part of a catal day. Before skiing, it was necessary to wipe the torus, twist the pegs (then they came down on the axis, which quite often led to the breakdown of the axis). In the 80s there were no chrome rims (and chrome - the best surface for braking. Soon the first real freestyle bike "Haro Sport" appeared. He had descending Poggy, the brakes "Mags" and Gyro (system that allows you to rotate 360 \u200b\u200bdegrees, without confusing Brake cables). In 1988, the first bikes came to the "990E brakes" appeared. New companies appear. The most trusted Haro was sold with 48-spoke rims. At that time, the frame still left much to be desired. Year of service, maximum two - all that You could expect from your frame.
Hammer has presented protection for the heads. They used to mitigate neoprene and foamed rubber. It was a real salvation for many riders, because they simply "killed" their legs about the pedals and Pang.
In the history of BMX there are 3 years, in which he is not what he did not develop, but simply disappeared! This is the time from 1989 to 1991. Competitions stopped, bikers tired of spending tremendous funds for the purchase of surplus, and repairing bicycles. The magazines were either closed, or did not correspond to topics. 1991 I became the death of freestyle. But a guy appeared, ready to make bikes a little better. His name was Bill. The revival of freestyle began. Standard Industries introduced the first long tempered axis for freestyle, which allowed to be used to be used with the new fastening technology - Deep Socket Bolt ON (they were bolted with a bolt, like on modern bikes). Matt Hoffman spent BS - Bicycle Stunt - a series of competitions. These were the first competitions that have proven that the smaller the rules and the participants, the better. Without exception, Flet, Vert and Street - everything was there. Was you a pro or just beginners - there was no difference! The BS series was the beginning for X-Games and B3 (X-TRIALS). The magazine "RIDE" appeared and presented a freestyle in this form, in which no one had not done this before. They admitted (oh, no!) Occasional words on their pages and gave advertising of small companies. Hoffman Bikes "promoted" and Riding began to approach the highest point of its development. It seems that it was the best year for the competition. Riders finally realized that they could make changes to the industry and began to do it. GT and HARO, being not able to make competition to other firms who have produced all new bikes, began to redo their own. GT was so popular that she captured most of the market. Dennis McCoy won the BS, and after the year he became the best. But a new rider came to the arena, which began to step on the heels of Dennis. "It was Canadian Jay Miron. In 1995, ESPN starts active activities. Hoffan decided to tie with competitions, and enjoys his bike company. BS goes under the control of ESPN. First of all , they removed from the beginners' competitions. They called that it would also be no off to get rid of Flatland. And "brewed" this porridge McGoo. He was a real "stupor". He called for children not to ride, and explained what spent time is the participation of a beginner in Competitions. And it was only necessary to spend the competition for 500 children for three days! And people would tell about it much better than ESPN or any magazine. Everyone knew that there are guys who will pass 1000 kilometers to take the last place among beginners and come Home with great desire to ride than ever! In 1996, ESPN continues to talk about the exclusion of Flatland from X-Games (former BS). The times when the magazines were 10-15 photos of Flatland depart. Vert becomes the main direction. Then they began to make 900, Flair (flip back to 180 degrees), and it remained only to do the same at a larger fly. Street becomes the most interesting in competitions, as the platforms are changing from places to the place. Miscellaneous location of the springboard makes riders ride differently in each new place. Stitts - this is the main occasion of riding in the GOODS, or at modified tortigents in a skate-patch. Typically, these are pits on TPAMPlines with the execution of Air-Tsyukov, sliding along the transitions, etc.
In order to completely limit the number of riders, ESPN began to participate in 30 people in each class among professionals and "middle peasants". All riders must register in advance. Riders were forced to ride on the same tracks as skaters and skateboarders. No matter how bad it sounds, it's not the end of the world. Local competitions are recruiting popularity.
In Russia, BMX began to really develop only last year. Now BMX "Eros can be found on the streets of large cities, such as Moscow, Peter and Cities are smaller: Sosnovy Bor and Pskov. The first people begin to make 360 \u200b\u200band real departures. Flatland has developed Moscow circus, which make just incredible tricks. There are several parks with tramplines For dirtjumping "a. But still we are behind America for 6-8 years. No matter how sad it sounds, but we will never catch up with them if a star does not appear, which will prove everything to the world that Russia, too, can ...
Roller sport.
No one is exactly sure when the first roller skates appeared. It seems that the first rollers were just alteration of ice skates, although it is believed that even 500 years before that, Japanese super-spies of Ninja zipper slide along the stone floors of the castles of their enemies, rolling on cunning bamboo casing.
The first recognized inventor roller skates. There was Belgian Joseph Merlin. It made first rollers with metal wheels in the 1760th year. He showed his invention in London, rushing on the floor and playing on an expensive violin. It is said that due to the fact that his skates could not turn or stop, he crashed into the mirror and received serious injury.
The first "successful" showing of roller skates took place in 1849, when the Frenchman Louis Louis (Louis Legrange) used roller skates to depict ice skating skating in the "Le Prophete" play. He made rollers, having attached small wheels to ice skates. In the middle of the nineteenth century, many other inventors took a challenge and a large number of different types of skates appeared. All of them, however, suffered from the same shortcomings as the skates of Merlin - they were impossible to effectively monitor and stop. So the first wave of popularity of the rollers went from James Plympton, who received a patent for four-wheeled skates with a pair of axes in New York -<тележки>, or<табуретки>. A little later, rink hockey and curly roller skating appeared, so far popular in England, Portugal, Germany, Italy and Australia.
The second wave began in the 20s in France (reread the first chapters of Lolita Nabokov and by the end of World War II covered all Western Europe. But in 1916, especially dashing feminists did not just ride on the rollers, and also rolled the hoop from the barrel with the help of a special hook. For this, they sewed special dresses (for those times defiantly short and tight). Since the nineteenth century, huge covered rollers were built for the rollers, many of which were abandoned. But in the 80s of our century, the Era "Disco" came, only in the United States, then 6 thousand hangars with loud music, a lung bar and shower worked. Disco Roll-Shuza, on which many extreme cultural pioneers still have a two-axis platform and semi-rigid or soft shoes with a brake ahead - they are really good for dancing, but also resistant to departures from the springboard. They slide on the railings and twist the flip, but they don't ride them on the stairs - this is another generation of "hoofs".
Nevertheless, already with<тележек> In the rollers, along with the sports and dance direction, Street Extreme appeared - Street Style (Street Style). Soon he was announced outside the law, and even special road signs appeared. Tricks on a skateboard, roller skates, and then on a bicycle - not in the gym or in a circus, but simply on the street, but more often on monuments, cathedral stairs and other centers, soon steel headache for police, janitor and city authorities , the subject of discussions in the press and debates in parliaments. Favorite theme of skate comic books: around a typical city crime (a man throws a mother-in-law from the balcony, blacks are dragging a TV from a broken showcase, unscrew the wheels from the car), and in the center of the fat man, hung with handcuffs and clubs enough for a little boy's collar on the rollers. Now it turns out the main evil! However, the same authorities are forced to expand the zones of irregular transport, and they create special divisions of police officers on their rollers (the largest in Paris). Street style has become the embodiment of the pacifist and environmental values \u200b\u200bof the new generation, a new look at independence, freedom of movement and freedom as a whole. And the big money that the Western industry removes from any youth enthusias, soon crushed the militarized sports and education foundations.
In 1995, the American ESPN corporation received a patent for holding X-Games (extreme games). This was the official recognition of Streetail and clearly separated him from sports. Still, where did he come from? As it is not strange, the spirit of Street has been coming from such a beach (and therefore irresponsible and anarchistic) entertainment as surfing (riding on the board for the ridge of a tidal wave). Already at the end of the fifties, lazy California and Australian surfers began to roll onto the beach, standing or sitting on trucks from the car operators. We still will not replace the woven vocabulary, but in the west under the car, the mechanic rolls on a special trolley with bearings instead of wheels. In 1965, the first factory (manufactory) roller boards appeared.
It is believed that for the first time the polyurethane wheels for the rollers developed and manufactured the company<Криптоникс>. For a long time skateboarding developed as a kind of circus<уродство> - Unusual acrobatics, which surfers Corotal Storm time. Only at the beginning of the 80s in the so-called freestyle (dance acrobatics on a flat platform) Mallen from Florida introduced a technique<олли> - Jump with a bent of a curl of the board. On another edge of America, in California at that time, the farmers switched to drip irrigation, and a huge number of irrigation channels moved to skaters. Soon there was a first pro command, speaking at a ramp, a special construction with a flat bottom and rounded (not in the example of the channel) edges. The sale of the boards jumped sharply, but the teams of skaters were still more reminded the stray circus and were harpred off with young people, primarily the danger of the ramp (try to rush from a height of 3 or even 5 meters) and its inaccessibility (3 thousand dollars at least). By the mid-80s, the technique of departures, flips (flip), Grabov (grip), sleds and slides (slides) were already known, but the audience was no longer surprised, and there was no place to develop the mass movement. Skate firms closed ... But Powell-Peralta supported the young skaters in time, for which the board became part, or rather the center of the whole style of life. They simply did not part with her or at school, nor in the supermarket, nor at the party. They hooliganili - behaved defiantly, dressed not like everyone, did not know the borders. They did not need a ramp - they slid along the railing and jumped into park benches. Soon the level of sales of street roller boards has reached millions. The ban on hooligan skating on the city center soon led to the appearance of skate parks with special equipment imitating urban<препятствия>: benches, railing, steps, congresses, parapets. Roller and cyclists began to ride on them near the skaters, performing almost the same tricks and without changing their name.
For example, the legendary Temka MAK TWIS 540 is invented and made in those times on the roller board. Her author Mike McGill. The jumping technique developed very quickly thanks to Skket of Tony Alva. At Ramp was King Tony Hawk. In Germany, Titus Dittmann, first the physical education teacher in the gymnasium, then the leader of the street extreme in Europe and the millionaire, along with a skateboard business founded the company Titus Roll Sport and actively promoted<тележки> On the ramp and in Street. At the beginning of 91, he began extreme in the Crimea, and then Sciences. In Moscow, at the beginning of the 90s, Natalia Bondarenko began to write about roller skates in the press and promote Activity-Team, the team<Радиация>which Roman's novel (acrobat) gathered. That time in Russia there were already two relatively powerful rival Skateboard Center: Leningrad (the first ramp welded his own Sergey Sanidalov) and Saratov, where the ministry is still the best in Russia under the influence of these centers was Ukrainian Kharkov. Riga skaters usually participated in Russian competitions. On the open Cup of the Volga region in 92, skaters were played by 20 countries, in addition to central television, these competitions took off the American<Суперчэнел>. Peter came Rodney Mallen himself and were mutual with California league (the most powerful in the world) exchanges for trips to competition.
In August 93, Roma Acrobat first became the champion of Russia in aggressive rollers, speaking still on<табуретках>. In total, there was 6 people in the ramp 6, honestly, compared to skateboarders, they almost did not do the tricks. A new big madness of the 90s and a new wave of street culture of cruise rolls are associated with "blades" ("blades"): four wheels in a row on the clamns (frames), fortified on a high hard boot. Their birth happened in Las Vegas, where in 1981 the American Hockey player Scott Olson and Italian Giuseppe Kavazine met the industrial exhibition, the manufacturer of ice skating skates and ski boots.
In the early 1990s, the number of roller in the world was evaluated by the World Roll-Sport Federation in 90 million people. Now only the young Italian firm "Rosech" will boast that shouted 40 million. Probably the same scale of "Rollerbade" (USA - Italy), a little more modest at Bauer (Switzerland-Canada) and "Ultravilles" (USA). Now these firms are fighting for the Russian and Ukrainian markets. Firms that have made money on surfing, skateboard, alpine skiing and other close entertainment, offer their customers and roller skates, such as the prestigious American firm "K2" or Austrian<Оксижен> From the group, tennis makes good wheels.
Interestingly, in Moscow for 96 years old have occurred the consumer revolution: September 8, among the one and a half thousand roller, gathered in honor of Moscow's Day on Poklonnaya Mount was no more than 30 in good skates. The rest stumbled on Chinese counterfeit from cheap bright plastic - such bots are called "rattles" or "tauractelles". April 5, 97th in Luzhniki on 1 international Festival Extreme cultures have already pasted several hundred Mos Muscovites on real "hooves", and "Rosech" in Russia while the competitors close the competition, despite the fact that "Rollerbade" fell on the best place for trade - has its own department in Gum. In the article of the magazine "Pelevock" (No. 4,1997), which describes the roller boom of the summer of 96 in Moscow, you can see 2 poles of post-Soviet consumption (characteristic and for electronics, and for clothes): the location of states on cheap Chinese fakes, with one The parties and - on the other - the passion of new Russians to the most expensive firms. People who have honored the "wave", then were selling five trucks per week, buying in China for $ 10-15 per pair and aroused retail up to $ 80.
A completely different, Western wave passed through a network of prestigious sports salons and auto shops. On the avenues of the Alexandrovsky Garden and the Gorky Park, you can estimate the present rue of mobility of the late twentieth century: where the cell phone, along which, driving on the rollers, gives the team, and the length of his feet of his companion, brought to the design of the rollers to the present shock, are logically combined with their jeep.
Wakeboard
Wakeboard - Dynamic emerging sport 90s, is a combination of water ski, snowboard, skate and surfing. Boat towards a rider standing on a short, wide board. Moving at a speed of 30-40 km / h with an additional ballast on the stern, the boat reserves a wave of approximately 50 cm height, which Rider uses as a springboard. In the jump, you can perform almost all the tricks that they do on a snowboard or skate.
For many decades, surfing has been the most popular sports inhabitants of the beaches. Already in those days, some surfers rode on their boards along the coastline behind the boat or even behind the truck. And in 1985, the surfer from San Diego named Tony Fin invented "Scarfer". Scarfer looked like a small surfboard, and riding on it remotely resembled a snowboard or skate.
In the summer of 1985, leg belts appeared on the scarfer. Their invention has played a huge role in the development of wakeboard. There was an opportunity to make big jumps using a wave as a springboard. This added sports more dynamics and freedom.
In the second half of the eighties, Tony Fin was actively engaged in promoting and popularizing his invention. The result was the first scarf competition in 1990. Unfortunately, the lack of technologies and the complex skiing technique prevented the development of new sports. A narrow, with an excessive reserve of buoyancy, the scarfer reluctantly obeyed novice, it makes it difficult to start out of the water.
At about this time, Herb about "Brown, the owner of the Welsh Sports Water Sports Company, began to experiment with the boards. He introduced the first wakeboard - Hyperlite. The new board formed, the new board had neutral buoyancy, which makes it easy to immerse it in the water before the start. Wakeboard has become available to people Any age.
O "Brown continued to improve wakeboard. The board acquired a subtle profile at the edges, which made it possible to perform cutting turns, like a slagistic skid. The special form of the bottom absorbed the impact energy when landing, making it softer. Following the leader, other booming companies began production of wakes.
With the development of sports wakeboards became better. The first Hyperlite models created in the early 90s, on the form repeated the surfboard, with a pronounced nose. In 1993, Jimi Radmon, recognized by the wakeboarding guru, developed a symmetric form "twin-tip" for the board. Not only the form, but also the location of the keel at the ends of the board, as well as the rack of the rider was not symmetric.
Since 1992, Wakeboard began to develop as a professional sport. In 1993, the magazine "Wake Boarding" is published. In 1992, the major sports promoter of World Sports & Marketing organized the competition, which since 1998 began to be held on a global scale. Around the world, more than a thousand different amateur tournaments are held, and as part of the World Cup on Wakeboard, the most prestigious competitions for professionals are held.
It is very important to choose a board that corresponds to the level of your skill. Length and form will largely determine the style of your riding. Just like in a snowboard, there are three main types of boards: Freeride, Freestyle and Allaround. Than the board is already, the better it cuts arcs, is more faster and more accelerated. On the other hand, than the board is wider, the stronger it throws up with a wave. The length of the board is determined on the basis of the weight of the rider. Wakeboards are produced from 120 cm long to 147cm. Sometimes on the bottom of the boards pass longitudinal channels, they absorb the energy of the blow when landing, making it softer.
You should also pay attention to the deflection of the board (Rocker). Large deflection provides soft landing and good handling. The board with a small deflection is better accelerated, allowing you to approach the wave on a rabid speed and jump really far. What to choose? It all depends on the style of your riding.
Currently, there are two main types of wakeboards fasteners. Sandals are attachments of universal size, which are adjusted almost for any foot size, are easily removed and dressed even without water. Often they do not have a backbone and do not hold the leg very well. If you have a wakeboard all the family is enjoyed, with the help of one pair of such fixtures you can save on gear.
If you decide to engage in seriously, you need fastenings like "shoes", correctly selected in the size of the legs. Here are some points that should be considered when choosing fasteners: A. Fastening should make an ankle well, it will reduce the likelihood of damage to the leg:
Q: The base of the attachment must be made of a material that absorbs the energy of the strike, protecting the heel and sock from bruises;
C: There is nothing worse than sitting on the pier, try to get into the mount when everyone went to ride. The loop on the backstage belt is the equivalent of an ordinary shovel for shoes. It greatly facilitates the access of the foot into the fastening;
D: Make sure the mounting plates are made of good metal and do not bend
Folders determine the behavior of the wakeboard on the water. For newbies, large, deep fins are suitable. They give the board stability and ease of control. More experienced riders prefer fins with a height of 5cm and less that allow you to aggressively cut the wave. In most cases, fins on the board can be changed by selecting the optimal option.
Despite the fact that the circle of water, riding the wakeboard, is always possible to get serious damage. The vest significantly reduces the likelihood of injury. It should be easy and not deprivable maneuverability when performing complex tricks.
Fal and handle Fal is a "lifestyle", connecting the rider with a boat. At large jumps, it is important to keep the paul handle to the landing. If it did not succeed, you will have to be disadvantaged. A blow to the water at full speed will quickly wash the smile from your face.
It is important to correctly set the length of the Fala. It depends on the weight and skill of the rider. Usually the average length is 12-15 meters. If it seems to you that the Fal must be shortened or lengthen is not a problem, the main thing is that you feel confident.
The main requirement for Falu is not to stretch. This is necessary to maintain equilibrium when driving behind the boat and landings. Note that the cable for slalom skis has a small tensile. The wakeboarding handle is also different from the water skiing. For convenience, it is made wider (38 cm).
If you are just starting to engage wakeboard - the choice of the Fala and the handle is not the most important problem. Start with what is at hand (clothes ropes are not suitable), and eventually you will understand what you need.
If you are doing water skiing, windsurfing, snowboarding or skateboard, it will be easier for you to join the wakeboard. It is a combination of these sports and your skills obtained earlier will undoubtedly be useful.
Already now there are more than 20 manufacturers of wakeboard equipment. In Russia, there are still the largest of them: Hyperlite, Liquidforce, Blindside. In any case, before buying something, it is better to try to try the board for hire or a friend, and then decide which wakeboard you need and whether it need you at all :)
For surfers, skaters, snowboarders and water lodges (unnecessary cross), this problem has already been solved. If you have not yet decided what foot you are more convenient to move forward - refer to the above (probably you have such friends). There is a lot of ways to calculate your "chocolate" foot. It is worth adding only that in wakeboarding optimal is the "Duck Foot" rack - the legs are symmetrically deployed in both directions on the same angles. And when someone will pester you with a question "What is your leg ahead?", You will answer "both, buddy!
Start from the water (Deepwater Start) This element from which wakeboarding begins. In the sense that if you want to ride, you will have to learn this. By complexity, the start of the water is comparable with the rise on the buggy lift, standing on a snowboard with two echipid legs. In short, it's easy
So. Source into the water, lying on the back position the board so that it is perpendicular to the cable tension line, and your friends in the boat could better see the cool design on the "sliding". Cable skip on top of the board, keep your handle with two hands. Do not try to lower the board into the water, for yourself. When will be ready, tighten your knees to the chest, smile and shout at the boat motorist "for help!" or something else that you usually shout in such situations
When the boat runs the cable and starts pulling you, keep your hands straightened and do not attempt to get up immediately - let a mechanical miracle with a capacity of 300 hp It will pull you out of the water itself. Keep the weight evenly distributed on both legs, and the board at an angle of about 45 degrees to the water plane. When, finally, you will feel that the boat completely pulled you out of the water, transfer weight to the lead, tighten the handle to the stomach and expand the Wome in the course of the movement. Everything. Then you fall into the water, everyone has fun, and you begin again.
You may need several attempts before anything happens. The main thing is to coordinate your actions and not despair ahead of time.
Wakeboard committed a revolution in water sports Also, as at one time a snowboard in skiing. From the hobbies of the enthusiast group over the past few years, it has become popular sports with his philosophy and culture.
In Wakeboard, there are no tough landings that may be discouraged by the newcomers to study or prevent advanced riders to increase their level. All tricks are very similar to snowboarding, which makes it possible to progress all year round. All you need is just to change the board!
Wakeboard is an extreme sport and not every person will risk trying himself in it, but despite this, there are a large number of people, as a rule of young people who are engaged in this sport and develop it. Of course, such extreme cannot be attributed to the Olympic Sports, however, it is impossible to close the eyes to the existence of such sports innovations.
Output
In conclusion, it should be said that there are still many X-species of sports in the world, which are no less interesting (B.A.S.E. Jumping, Trial, etc.). Also inventy new ones: snake (by type skateboard, but with fastened legs), Kick Board (scooter for jumping). New kinds will open and open, maybe even someone will decide on the "Beginn on the rails in the subway", so do not forget about those pioneers who are not sparing themselves (in the literal meaning of this word) died to give the world to the world, using Which people could receive adrenaline and the buzz naturally.
National sports.
In modern world, millions of people are engaged in national sports. From the depths of the centuries they reached us these folk hobbies. Even before the word "Sport" itself was born, a person knew the excitement of rivalry in a fight with the enemy, on the hunting trail ...
Over time, on the change of old local and national closure ... Comes comprehensive bond and the comprehensive dependence of nations from each other. This equally applies to both the material and spiritual production. The fruits of individual nations become common.
International international forms of physical culture do not interfere with the development of national forms of physical culture, but, on the contrary, contribute to their development and improvement. And this process is a necessary condition for the formation of a new person, the comprehensive development of the individual, improving the lifestyle using all species physical education. Physical culture and sport, actively placed in this process, are one of the most important factors for the internationalization of the entire spiritual life of peoples.
National Sports, as a rule, do not require stadiums. In the summer, the stadium is the lawn for them, and in winter, the rammed snowy glade. Only in Russia and the CIS countries are about 30 national sports.
Sports hobbies of various nations with their national sports, good springboard in modern professional sport. So at the Russian Championship Aviation Mechanic from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug Vladimir Durkin scored a 350 gram hunting ax for almost two football fields - 186 meters! And the native of Komi ASSR veterinarian Ilya Smetanin made a row of 169 jumps at the same time with two legs, through close narts height and half the one-meter wide. Olympic champion in the athletics of Tamara Press asked her students to repeat the rejection of the sour cream. Result: Nobody You could not jump over 50 times). Olenevod from Khanty-Mansiysk Vasily Cham in Thinzyna (Arkana) throwing a ray belt at 47 meters of 18 centimeters and clearly overwhelmed the loop vertically delivered at this distance of the pole.
In the Tuvinian Autonomous Republic, the Khuresh Combat Championship is regularly held. Before the beginning of the competition, the fighters on the field are performed by the "Eagle" dance, and after the end of the battle, this ritual makes a winner. In the award, he is awarded, in addition to traditional tokens, purebred hill.
Throwing a hunting knife, pulling stick, racing on deer sledding, running, fighting Hapsagai and jumping through the narts have long been loved by Yakuts. Competitions are usually arranged on days of national holidays - Uruu and Mysaha.
In Khasakia, from the boy to an adult - everyone knows the fight of Kres. On the shores of Amur Nanice, the ultieur, the Nivhi are offacarious fishermen and hunters - include in their traditional tournaments running with sticks, lifting weights, archery, boating, national struggle on the cut.
National sports traditions have evolved since ancient times. They were improved as man's business, as his mind improves. National Sports Traditions depended on many factors: landscape, climate, nature, etc.
All types of national sports are aimed at developing physical and spiritual youth. In addition, many species of national sports are aimed at raising their will to achieve the goal, on unity with the nature of steppes, the culture of other nations.
The data suggests that the processes of mutual cultural influence and cultural communication have a great influence on the nature of the games themselves as one of the important means of spiritual development of people.
Ensuring national sports and other sports and sports qualifications. They are assigned sports discharges, the best - the title of masters of sports.
Intellectual sports.
Along with mobile sports games, there are also less mobile, intellectual games. These include: chess, checkers, rendise and so on. These board games are also widespread and are an integral part of the country's sports life. On these sports, competitions are also held, winners in which at a high level receive premium remuneration.
We will analyze more than one of the species. The smallest field for sports battles is a chess playground. Square, each side of which up to half a meter in the usual version and not more palms in miniature design. However, on chess boards, sometimes playing the battles of so great that even huge sports palaces and football stadiums could envy them.
Chess.
The name "Chess" occurred from the Persian words "Shah Mat", which means "the ruler died." And before that the game had a different name, and most likely that the first name of Chess - Chaturanga. In Indian, this means "four-speed". So called military detachments compiled from four types of troops - elephants, chariots, cavalry and infantry. There is a version that ancient game Relying in its first name to the "Four" numbers not only because I simulated the battles of four-bedned Indian armies. It is assumed that she symbolized the change of four seasons or the fight of four elements: air, fire, earth and water. In any of these cases, a chess game reflected the structure of the world.
The fact that chess first appeared in India is known to everyone. But everyone knows how long and through what stages chess to modern appearance. First appeared so-called chaturanga (four storage army), where the game did not come down to the king's uteros, but to destroy all the forces of each of the rivals, who made the moves alternately, depending on the testimony of the playing bone. So, if the number 2 dropped out, the rooky played, 3 -Con, 4 - elephant and so on. Chaturanga arose in Northern India no later than the 5th century. At the turn of the VI - the ViiVeks of Chaturanga turned into a shuttles (or in the hit command) - the game for two rivals, externally similar to the current chess, but with other rules. There was no castle here, the pawn moved only to one field and turned only to the queen. The queen himself was considered a weak figure and walked the same as in modern chess. The winned was considered not only the mat, but also Pat. In addition, the one who took all the rival figures was considered the winner, even if only one figure or a pawn remained at this moment.
Today's chess, respond to the deep needs of people in creative self-expression. Chess - abstraction, pure thought, you will not find anything materially tangible in life, which would adequately expressed them. This demonstration of our ability to create new on the basis of the known one. They check us not static, not in a cold comparison, but a sharp confusion of the mind, will, insight, imagination, foresight. In abstract form, they embody the idea of \u200b\u200bjustice: all are equal to chess. The game corresponds to the true human needs of the mind, the spiritual of our being. In the struggle, they are created, the exciting spirit of their beauty, works of chess art carrying the imprint of drama, insights and delusions.
Thus, chess render undoubtedly, a positive impact on human mental development. An acuteness of the mind is improved in the prevailing of the next moves of the enemy, full of their figures and their proper use during the party. For the right development of the entire body, the person also needs to be engaged in various physical exercises, which ensure its proper development, good blood supply to the brain, which increases its activities. Immediately in front of the chess mat, it is useful to spend respiratory, motor exercises that are also useful to repeat and after the match, as the game does not rarely continue a very long time. Strengthening, therefore, its body is much easier to perform chess techniques that require careful thinking position.
In chess today there are very complex rules of the game. The main figures are disposed of A1 to H1, and pawns from A2 to H2. At the same time, the shapes, except for the pawns, have their own ways to move. Pawns can only move on one cell, but at the first time the pawn can be drunk through one cell and always only forward. They are born only diagonally. Freak, without having restrictions, can move at any distance horizontally and vertical. Horse walks the letter G, doing the move through the preventing figures. The elephant walks diagonally at any distance. The queen in principle does not have restrictions, and can walk both horizontally and vertical, and diagonally on any number of cells. The king can also move in any direction, but only one cell. The whole game is coming down to the king's uteria. In addition, there is a lot of nuances associated with castling in a short or long side. Having reached the opposite side of the playing field, the pawn can become any other figure (naturally except the king), including the Farzend, which is considerable strength in a "chess battle".
Often, people who are not related to chess are heard on television, radio, media or simply from people playing chess various concepts used in a chess game. These are mainly such as mat, Pat, Garde, Endgall and so on. These concepts are used in chess when there are some positions, situations during the game. As you know, all the essence of the game of chess coming down to the king's uteria. Thus, from here we can conclude that the entire strategy of the game should be developed from the protection of your king and attack on the king of the enemy.
If the king threatens any enemy figure, then in this case is declared shah. In this case, the shabby king can either go aside, or close with any of his figure. It is prohibited during the shaha to produce castling. Castling In turn, also refers to one of the concepts of a chess game. It is made if the king is nothing threatening and free path from the rook to the king to the right or left side. At the same time, the obligatory rule should be what the king and switches did not make any move. In case the king threatens the figure of the enemy, and nowhere to go, then in this case is declared mat And the winnings of the attacking side are awarded. In a similar case, if there is not a single figure, but the Shah was not produced, then in this case it is fixed pat That is a draw. And even if one player has a significant advantage over the other.
Also there are various situations for the queen. If the queen is under threat of a log, then in this case is declared garde, But the queen in certain situations can be sacrificed, if the king is under threat, or that the circumstances of the game are required. These concepts relate to the main ones when playing chess and they need to know even novice players.
Thus, traced the history of the development of a chess game and a chess place in the present time, it can be concluded that chess from the very beginning gained widespread and fame among a lot of admirers of mental games. And, although chess were not like modern, they were still not forgotten.
Despite the fact that chess has never been an Olympic sport, they occupy one of the leading places among intelligent games around the world.
This game has undoubtedly a positive impact on the human body, but at the same time do not forget about the physical development of man.
Chamber (gyms) sports.
Nowadays most people are sedentible. They walk from the parking lot or bus stop to their institution, from the desktop to the buffet or cafeteria. Even young people are not very pamping themselves. exercise. And the lack of movements does not affect the state of health, and on human capabilities in all spheres of life. Medical studies show that exercise helps to improve mental condition, blood circulation and protect the body about heart disease. Motor activity - this is what needs for normal functioning, health promotion and well-being.
Not every person can afford to engage in large stadiums Or in professional halls with complex special equipment. Therefore, all sports presented below are combined by the following common features: small areas, the possibility of individual classes. Similar sports can be held as in sports HallAnd in the usual apartment. They provide a real path to weight loss or weight maintenance. It is this aspect that attracts young people. But it must be said that physical exercises can only contribute to weight loss, and the main factor is a diet.
The following types of sports can be attributed to chamber sports: aerobics, bodybuilding, fitness, power gymnastics, stepping, etc.
Consider more details bodybuilding and fitness . Each person who wants to engage in these sports can do it by coming to the gym. This is another level of development of strength, speed, determination, dexterity, courage and dynamics.
Fitness and bodybuilding are engaged in all layers of the population: to improve health, improve their appearance, lifting self-confidence, improving self-esteem, as an active recreation. Thetopedia begins to use bodybuilding and fitness for the rehabilitation of patients with certain physical disabilities. Well-based people, engaged in these sports Fight with aging processes. Many athletes engaged in other sports, completing their speeches, begin to think about career in bodybuilding and fitness.
Bodybuilding and fitness is one of the aspects of life plus physical health. Bodybuilding is the construction of the body, and the fitness helps to maintain these achievements, so these two types of sports go nearby . In bodybuilding and fitness in training The most important thing is the constancy of visiting the gym and the confidence in the fact that, at the expense of training, you can change your body, give it an ideal form. So this is the magnificent figures of athletes.
The path of bodybuilding and fitness can be traced from ancient Greece with its antique sculptures. All times, especially in ancient, manifested interest in physical strength and its influence on human health.
The birth of athleticism in Russia is probably possible to be considered on August 10, 1885. Then "Circle of Attreets Lovers" was created, at the head of the Mug, the doctor of physical culture Kraevsky. He since then began to call the "father of Russian athletics."
Universal attachment athleticism refers to the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX centuries. Competitions and speeches with athletic numbers were arranged everywhere: in the luxurious circuses, Puritan gardens of "society society about folk sobriety", city theaters, parks, as well as in numerous Balages, which were chased by the expanses of Russia.
Athletism was popular in various layers of society. Athleticism gradually began to call in bodybuilding, and his sonor was rightfully called Evgeny Sandova, who in 1911 in England King Georg V was awarded the title of professor of physical development. And on the speeches of the Russian athlete Alexander Zassa in England, Winston Churchill came to see.
At the dawn of bodybuilding (atlotism), the demonstration of strength was the most different; They left the stones from the Earth, the kochergs were bent, closed the horseshoes, tearned the chains, raised the age of people, kept the horse on their shoulders. Over time, all the power tricks moved to the circus, turning only in the spectacle.
In 1920-1930. It became obvious that physical development is closely related to human health. Knowledge of the training of the time was limited, but the bodybuilders could learn a lot, simply comparing their physique with external species Attrete of the previous generation.
However, the traditions of athletic contests continued.
In the 1940s. The physique of the bodybuilders, as opposed to other sports of muscular development, was recognized as something new and special. Bodybuilding, bodybuilding, athleticism remained unknown sports.
In 1950-1960s. There was a new contest - "Mr. Universe." Athletes from different countries became champions. This speaks about the popularity of a new sport.
In the 1970-1980s. Super servers appear by A. Schwarzenegger, F. Zayn, S. Oliva, R. Wayne, etc., who made their contribution to the development and promotion of this sport, becoming among the great athletes of the world.
In 1990-2000. There was an explosive growth of bodybuilding and fitness - not only as a competitive sport, but also the method of physical development of mankind.
The heyday of bodybuilding took place in parallel with the developing new sport - fitness and simultaneous increase in interest in human health.
Fitness is a young sport, the development of which is very intensively, is a mixture of sports and rhythmic gymnastics and a sports contest. During the competition, the judges are estimated: the proportionality of the physique, the elasticity and the muscle tone, their density, symmetry, posture, artistry, the ability to stay on stage, clean the performance of poses, the complexity of the elements of an arbitrary program, style, coordination, power elements, acrobatics, aerobics, and even selection Costume.
Competitions for bodybuilding and fitness are held by category. The age of participants is not limited, many exceeds 40, 50 and even over 60 years. Landmark for healthy men and women - age from 18 to 35 years.
Bodybuilding, athleticism, athletic gymnastics, bodybuilding and fitness - all this is synonymous. The names of the sport do not change meaning. Fitness and bodybuilding are some of best species Sports that strengthen health. Training on the simulators, choosing right methods And the principles of training, rationally and balanced feeding, a person can do wonders with him.
In many countries of the world, these sports are included in the mandatory physical education program of young people. The main thing in these sports is that there are no age limitations. In many cities there are wellness groups "Who for 50 years".
Training of the initial course laid the foundation, the basis of the further development and results of a person. The mistake in the training of the initial course is unacceptable - this is the basis of the foundation. The usual initial course is designed for 4 months of training.
In the initial course, the training was built on the principle of split, which means the distribution of training for individual muscle groups, on different days of the week.
For example, on Monday - the muscles of the chest, back and abdominal press; On Wednesday - the muscles of shoulders, hands and abdominal press; Friday - Muscles of the hip, leg, lower back and abdominal press. On the other days - rest.
The first week of classes at the initial course must be performed on one or two approaches, 8 repetitions in each approach, not more. For this week you need to properly and technically competently do exercises. Learn to breathe correctly, exhale is done on an effort in exercise, rest between approaches. All this is useful in training.
In the second and third week, you can do three approaches in the exercises, and so during these months you can safely bring up to five approaches in the exercises.
Engaged in gyms, Some want to roll up and gain weight, others, on the contrary, lose weight.
A serious attitude towards fitness and bodybuilding, in addition to persistent training, implies compliance with the diet, to begin to comply with which it is better in stages. At the first stage, it is necessary to abandon fatty sauces, ketchups, sour cream, mayonnaise, etc., replace your favorite sauce on soy. Vegetable salads can be filled with a small amount of olive oil. If the first ten days are withstanding, you can go to the second stage of our diet. The second stage is a refusal of all sweet and flour (candy, cakes, cakes, buns, etc.), replacing these products for dried fruits and dietary products, in which there is no greater fat and sugar. Withstand ten more days, go to the next stage. In the third stage, we refuse alcohol.
Withstand three stages, we can talk about those products that are needed for vital activity that you need to eat to get the necessary energy. And the last thing we do, we go to the protein food. What products to get protein? From fish, river and sea products (polytai, heck, shrimp, squid, lobsters, etc.). And also from an ordinary chicken egg, however, we use one protein. You can still eat chicken white meat (chicken breasts). We eat these products only by boiled. Also include carbohydrate food in our diet - these are cereals (buckwheat, millet, rice, loaf, ryesli, bran) and fruit. Protein is not only chicken breasts, but also fish (sea and river), but also mussels, shrimps, lobsters, squid, etc. Vegetables are also very important: it is a fiber, first of all, vitamins. You can eat very tasty and at the same time lose weight. The main thing, remember: that carbohydrates are the easiest fuel. And fats are "burning" in the "fire" of carbohydrates. So, sticking to this diet, you will be confident, knowing that your figure is beautiful and slim. And for girls it is important.
It should be powered every 3-4 hours, there should be no feelings of hunger. It should be started to use protein cocktails with a small content of fats. Thus, we distribute the use of a protein at the rate of 3 g per 1 kg of own weight.
As for the fluid, only non-carbonated water or natural juice can be consumed. It should be included in the diet of vegetables (cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, greens, etc.). This diet is designed for about 3-4 months. Withstand her, the most important thing is not to start there is everything in a row and vague quantities at the end of the diet.
Now there are many literature, where they write about new food additives. New scientific developments prove that, taking sports nutritionYou will achieve success faster than without him.
A simple example of non-compliance with the rules of classes is the state of a person when interest in training and visits to the halls becomes more and less. The reason for this can be like a simple overwork of the organism from incorrectly dosed work and the absence of visible results due to illiterately built training activities.
To avoid everyone unpleasant consequences from classes physical cultureIt is necessary to make it possible to approach each lesson and, if possible, comply with the necessary conditions for training. There are certain requirements that are common to all and which first should be paid attention to:
1. Clearly formulate the purpose of classes
It is quite clear that, depending on the goal, a specific training plan will be built. Moreover, the difference between these plans can be quite essential. Therefore, the task is the first and one of the most important stages of training.
2. Determine the initial level of its physical condition
One of the main parameters of the training are the intensity and volume of classes. To successfully achieve the goal of workouts, it is necessary to strictly dose the intensity and duration of the load. Moreover, the intensity and duration of classes are directly related to the level of physical training.
3. Based on the level of preparation, build an individual workout plan
The big drawback of some fitness clubs is that people with different levels physical training. As a result, it turns out that the intensity of the lesson, which the instructor offers, is suitable only for some part engaged, and for the others, whose level is slightly higher or lower, the training will pass with less efficiency. Moreover, the effectiveness of the exercise is the less difference between the necessary intensity for the training and the one that the instructor offers. After some time, the most inefficient workouts in the majority disappears interest in classes (since the result in this case will be very insignificant).
4. After a certain period of time, control its results
A noticeable result of your work can be seen only after a sufficiently long time. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to objectively assess its condition, based only on your own feelings. In this situation, the use of special tests can help, which in numbers will show your condition for a certain period of time. Based on the results of tests, you can analyze the effectiveness of your training and decide on the need to reduce or increase the load.
Bodybuilding and fitness are knowledgeable sports. Research institutes, Academy of Sciences in all countries of the world are working on them. This suggests that bodybuilding and fitness make a victorious procession on the planet Earth.
Speaking about Olympic recognition, fitness is easier to become an Olympic sport, because in fitness, the criteria for judging are limited (and sometimes exclude) the use of doping.
Does fitness have shortcomings? Like a lifestyle - no. Like a competitive sport - you can find as much as you like. However, fitness can be a successor of what they started: of the bodybuilding, in which heavy workouts are in the first place and the proper nutrition in which steroids are only help (and not the main means) in achieving the main goal - a healthy and beautiful body .
Tourist sports.
The development of civilization is closely associated with the development and strengthening of contacts between individual states, peoples, territories. Numerous - from the very beginning of the development of human society - travel was initially played a purely practical role: identifying the nature of neighbors - their friendly or hostile attitude - exchange of experience, search for markets sales and purchase of goods, etc. In this regard, the travel was repeated the fate of household objects, which gradually acquired in addition to the utilitarian, aesthetic function, insignificant to survival, but important to humans in a psychological plan. Both travels over time received a new status - also not playing a special role for the life of this tribe / city / state, but that turned out to be so essential for each individual, that it is not only not lost to this day, but continues to be more active, making up One of the important articles of the development of the economy is actually any country.
So, in addition to people for whom travels were a professional need (navigaters, researchers and scientists, merchants, later - priests), people who wanted to simply see new lands and get new impressions. Such a concept appeared as tourism.
Most of the various tourism definitions are reduced to the fact that tourism is a combination of relationships, connections and phenomena, accompanying the trip and staying people in places that are not places of their permanent or long-term accommodation and not related to their employment.
To date, there is a huge number of types of tourism. By traveling distance, local (usually local history) tourism, tourism within the country and international tourism are distinguished. Based on the title title, we will stop in the sports form of tourism. It belongs to it: pedestrian (including mountain hiking, mountaineering), bicycle, water (rowing, sailing; river, marine, etc.).
I would like to dwell on such a kind of tourist sport as orientation.
Orientation.
The map and the compass took people to the right road with very distant times. The first reliable news on the use of the compass is dated 235 a year of our era.
The locality orientation was part of the military sciences and from these exercises appeared as a sport at the end of the last century. For the reference point takes on May 13, 1897, when the first official competitions took place in Norway.
The initiative of Norwegians intercepted Finns, creating the world's first federation. By 1946, even a special union of sports oriented northern countries was formed.
After World War II, the orientation began to actively develop in socialist countries, and in 1958 an international conference was created, after which he arose after three years International Federation By orienting. Now it presents more than 40 national federations.
In our country, the orientation looked at all at all what it became now. Leningraders, for example, ran with lanterns in their hands on the night roads. Overloid 20-40 kilometers, looking for checkpoints before dawn. It was necessary to carry weight in a backpack weighing 15 kilograms.
The name "Orientation" was not yet. Competitions were called "tourist closed routes." There were no uniform rules for new sports hobbies. The basics were laid in 1961 by the representatives of Tallinn, Riga, Vilnius, Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk.
Two years later, at the Central Council on Tourism, the first leadership organization of the rods of running with a compass and card was created. In 1963 the first were held all-Russian Competitions. They are represented by 12 Union republics. In 1965, the orientation was included in the Unified All-Union sport classification. The first masters of sports appeared. European Championships for oriented are held since 1962, and world championships - from 1964th.
In 1979, the All-Union Federation was created. And since 1981, championships and winter cups are held. This kind of sport was formed and the fastener of this sport, which every year conquers more and more fans.
Orientation is a cross with a map and a compass in the hands. There are three types of competitions: orientation in a given direction, on a labeled track and optional.
In the first case, the guideline moves to his card from the sample card all the control points and goes to the finish, referring to these notes, so as not to miss a single checkpoint (CP).
In the second case, he runs on the highway, already marked for him with special signs, and should be accusing it to his card for arrival at the finish.
Finally, in the third case, the athlete is given a map with marked KP and the number of points for each of them. The essence lies in the choice of goals: more difficult, hidden and far evaluated above, but they are harder and find them.
There is a special competition for judges - "Table Competition". Here is checked the ability to plan the distance on the map.
Interestingly, a number of well-known representatives of other sports were engaged in oriented in different years, however, with various success. Olympic champion in Skiing Finn Waikko Hakkulinien was the champion of the country and on orientation, and when he left the skiing, he even entered the National Finnish national team. But no less famous Englishman - Runner Gordon Piri also tried to engage in orientation, but was defeated and did not delay it.
The best geographers and topographers read all. Relight marathonies running better than others. And the best orientation wizards must combine these qualities. They must choose the most favorable path to the control points with the help of knowledge, experience and intuition and try the faster to go through this path, using your endurance, the ability to run and patience.
The ability to navigate - the concept of truly vital. It ultimately comes down to the choice of the most favorable position relative to certain circumstances.
"Orientation is a human property," one of the knights of the map and compass said once. It's true. Life constantly makes us choose the goals, make decisions and act according to them.
The history of tourism development can not be considered either completed, nor fromy at some stage: it is closely intertwined with the history of mankind, as defining it (as mentioned above), as well as determining it, because the very development of tourism affects the economy, social and Cultural environment and international contacts of the country.
Gradually, from the "elite" tourism time turned into a massive view of the rest, and today he plays such an important role in the life of many people, which turned into the unique largest world industry. And gave people many new sports species.
Technical and military-applied sports.
The list of technical and military-applied sports includes 27 titles: aircraft, helicopter, parachute, motorcycle, automotive, motor-motor, motobol, military-applied all-around, modeling of vessels, rockets, cars and others.
These are children of the twentieth century. They put in one row with classic sports they are allocated with youth and power. Their elements are motors and speed. They explode silence with the roar of the engines on and show what a person is capable of when in his hands beats the heart of a mighty motor.
The development of technical and military-applied sports is based on democratic ideas about the involvement of the wide masses to strengthen the country's defense capability.
We will analyze the most popular species of this sport: aviation Sports (airchard, helicopter, planetary, parachute, deltaplanism), automotive and motorcycle sports, (Racing (on the Garette, Winter, Highway and Ring, Motocross), Automotive Multibory, Autocrosions), motobol, Water-Motor Sport, Sports Modelism (racing, radio-controlled, model-copies), radiost .
Marathon in centuries call the history of sports. He came to us from the depths of centuries and grew together with humanity. In a matter of decades, Sports fascinated millions of people on the whole globe, became a magnet to bring the peoples and continents.
The sport of the ancients began with a run for one stages, equal to the length of the stadium in the Olympia, - 192.27 meters. Now there are about 100 sports and new people still appear. And it doesn't matter much, whether the sport is a favorite sport Olympic or he refers to the national, whether you are extreme or prefer intellectual sports, because the most important thing is that you entered this wonderful, filled with the strength and beauty of the world of sports.
Of course, my abstract could not reflect the entire diversity of sports competitions that exist in the world, but I tried to reflect the main, key points. It seems to me that the sports submitted on considerations relate to various sports areas and most fully reflect all the versatility of sports in the world. And although they are all so different, but ultimately all of them unites the desire of people to express themselves in one or another sport.
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Every year, many unrecognized sports compete, wanting to get the attention and approval of the International Olympic Committee. But after a long application process and compliance strict rulesThey may not even approve. If they are approved, this does not mean that these types of sports will ever appear at the Olympic Games. Given the huge number of sports in the world, it is embarrassing that new species can not get helped in the rays of the Sun Olympiad. So, what of these sports did not get their chance? Here are the 25 coolest recognized, but not approved Olympic sports.
25. Cricket
The inclusion of cricket in the Olympiad makes sense. This is one of the most popular sports in the world with more than 2 billion followers. Most recently, it was discussed to include cricket in the 2024 Olympic Games. We still have to wait and see what will happen.
24. High-speed roller skating
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
If in the Winter Olympics there is riding on traditional skates, it would be possible to think that high-speed roller skates will include in the summer Olympic Games. Nevertheless, this is not an Olympic sport. Speeding organizations are struggling to include this sport in the Olympic Games, but still unsuccessfully.
23. Altimat Friesby
Photo: Wkimedia Commons
Although this sport may seem inappropriate, the Altimat Friesby has all the necessary parameters to appear in the Olympic Games. In addition, these competitions are very interesting to observe. There was talk about whether the Altimat should include in the Olympic Games, especially from the International Olympic Committee, seeking to comply with modern trends.
22. Bowling
Photo: Pixabay.com.
For many bowling - this is what you do when you have tried everything else. It is easy to forget that in the world there is still a lot of really good, competitive players in bowling, and they would be ready to participate in the Olympiad. If Kerling can be at the Olympic Games, it makes sense to turn on there and bowling.
21. Parkur 
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Before laughing at the possibility of inclusion of Parkura in the Olympic Games, don't think this is not one of the varieties of gymnastics? Sport requires good physical training. Some oppose this idea, because the sport is difficult to judge, but since Parkour's leaders met with the IOC, this is the possibility that it will be included in the Olympic Sports.
20. Squash
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
Despite the efforts of the World Squash Federation, aimed at including Squash to the Olympic Squash in Rio, the request was rejected, and will also be denied the inclusion of squash to the Tokyo Olympiad. If you judge the popularity of squash in the US, then it will become an excellent sport for the Olympic Games. America has 1.6 million players and 20 million all over the world.
19. Wakeboarding
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Wakeboarding would be by the way at the Olympics. This is a funny water sport, and he will attract a television audience. But while he somehow did not make her debut. Recently, he was rejected from the 2020 Olympic Games. We hope that it will be held in 2024.
18. Bombals
Photo: Wikipedia Commons.com
Everyone remembers the bouncers, and they must be at the Olympics. Everyone knows that this game is from school lessons of physical education. It is incredibly interesting to watch, and you have to have a solid hand to win.
17. Table football
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When you hear "Table Football", then you will probably have images of school and student. Table football is not that sport that requires physical training, but it is necessary to have a huge number of other skills. Why not include it in the Olympic Games? Believe it or not, but this option is actually considered by the IOC.
16. Billiards
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
In addition to the fact that the billiards causes images of poorly illuminated bars, or student hostel, this is an even highly competitive sport, and it may be more interesting to observe than table football. Currently, World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association) is trying to enable it on the list.
15. Chess
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
Some people do not consider chess sports, but they are mistaken. Even at the Chess Olympics are considered sports, but they never officially not included in the games. We think it's time to change it. There is a small chance that it happens in the Tokyo Games of 2020.
14. Dancing on the pole
Photo: Pixabay.com.
Yes, we know that to include dancing on the pole in the Olympics is a little doubtful. Nevertheless, there are competitive dancers on the pole, and they are well developed physically. Despite the fact that this sport was not approved for inclusion in the Olympic Games, he recently received the status of the "observer" and may be included as a sport in the coming years.
13. Beach Football 
Photo: Wikipedia Commons.com
Beach football is exactly how it is called. Instead of playing football on herbal field, played on a sandy beach. He was strongly pushed at the Olympics in Rio, but in the end rejected. Perhaps one day luck will smile.
12. Futsal
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
In another kind of football, the futsal is usually played in the room and with a smaller number of players than in football. Like I. beach footballFutsal was viewed as a sport for the Olympics in Rio, but in the end he was not included in it.
11. Darts
Photo: Pixabay.com.
Darts goes beyond the borders of sports for leisure. Players in Darts are very serious about the game. Although this sport has never participated in the Olympic Games, it is currently being considered to recognize the Olympic Act of Sports, and hope that he will become part of the Olympics in 2024.
10. Ice swimming
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
It would be correct to say that ice swimming is an extreme sport. Swimmers plunge into the water with a temperature of 3.8 degrees Celsius. His roots stretch to Europe, and many of his supporters would like to be ice floating on the Olympics. However, critics call it "too dangerous." However, you probably could say the same about Bobsley.
9. Mixed Martial Arts
Photo: Pixabay.com.
Other types of martial arts, such as judo and struggle, are included in the Olympic Games, so why there are no mixed martial arts? They are as old as the world, and it would be advisable to include them, but the Olympiad rejected this sport as "too cruel."
8. Flvorball 
Photo: Wikipedia Commons.com
Flvorball is, in fact, hockey without ice. Instead of washer used ball. This sport is quite simple, but at the same time spectacular. The crime that this game has not yet reached the Olympic Games. Although she was officially recognized as IOC.
7. Bowl
Photo: en.wikipedia.org.
Game in balls, or Bowle is not a bowling, but something like. In fact, you roll the balls on the uneven lawn to get closer to other balls. The game did not accept the IOC, but Bowle's organizations work to change it.
6. Icezazania
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
Climbing the ice wall for most people is a crazy feat, but athletes who do this, would like to participate in the Olympiad. While the Olympic Games mostly rejected sports, it can be included in the games of 2022.
5. Competitive ballroom dancing
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
We all watched the "dances with the stars." So why not allow these athletes to participate in the Olympics? Despite the fact that the dances were not considered as an Olympic sport, the official organization "Dancesport" did everything possible to change it, and the dances entered the future Olympic Games.
4. Frolf
Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.
Frolol, also known as frisbee, is already recognized as official olympic Sport. It's great, but it has not yet been approved for inclusion in the Olympic Games. We hope that once Frolf will have a chance to show the world as far as he is cool.
3. Chirilding
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Call chirilding was always somewhat strange, but when he receives the status of an official Olympic sport, disputes may well end. This is only a matter of time when it enters the list of the Olympic Games.
2. Haircut sheep
Photo: en.wikipedia.org.
It may seem ridiculous to call a shearing sheep sports, but many farmers will not agree with it. Many believe that it's time to raise the sport to the highest level and include in the Olympics. The probability of this is very small. Nevertheless, it would be interesting to look at it.
1. American football
Photo: Pixabay.com.
Technically, American football was once included in the Olympic Games, but it was a long time ago, and since then the sport was rejected. Given that this sport is partly gives America an unfair advantage, it would be interesting to see how other countries play against each other? Some believe that this sport may have a chance to enter the Olympic Games of 2024.