"Methodical instructions on the discipline" Physical Culture "for students of all directions of undergraduate, specialties, forms of learning independent ..."
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Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation
Syktyvkarian Forest Institute (branch) of the Federal State Budget
educational institution of higher vocational education
"St. Petersburg State Forestry University named after S. M. Kirov"
Department of Physical Culture and Sports
Basketball game learning technique
Methodical instructions on the discipline "Physical Culture"
for students of all directions of undergraduate, specialties, forms of training Independent training electronic publication Syktyvkar 2014 UDC 796 BBC 75 M54 is recommended for publication in electronic form Department of Physical Culture and Sports of the Syktyvkar Forest Institute.
Approved to the publication in electronic form by the Council of the Faculty of Economics and Management of the Syktyvkar Forest Institute.
Compilers:
V.P. Grevnev, Zavorka Paught of Physical Culture and Sports (Autonomy Editor);
A. I. Firsov, Art. teacher;
S. V. Kharlamov, Art. teacher
Reviewer:
V.A. Troitsky (Agency of the Republic of Komi in Physical Culture and Sport) Methods of learning a basketball game [Electronic M54 Resource]: Method. decree. by disc. "Physical Culture" for the stud. all for example Undergraduate, specialties, shapes. : Samost. studies. electron. ed. / Sykt. Lesn. in-t; Sost: V.P. Grevnev, A. I. Firsov, S. V. Kharlamov. - electron. Dan. - Syktyvkar: SELI, 2014. - Access mode: http://lib.sfi.komi.com. - Tilt. From the screen.
The issues of learning methods for basketball, movement technique, moving, technique of attack and protection in the game basketball are considered.
Designed for students of the Syktyvkar Forest Institute of all directions of undergraduate, specialties, forms of training.
UDC 796 BBK 75 Templan I half of 2014 ed. № 226.
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Independent educational electronic edition
Compilers:
Grade Valery Pavlovich, Firsov Alexander Ivanovich, Kharlamov Sergey Viktorovich
Basketball game learning technique
Electronic format - PDF. Allowed to publication 23.09.14. Volume of 1.4 uch. l.Syktyvkar Forest Institute (branch) of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State Forestry University named after S. M. Kirov" (S.), 167982, Syktyvkar, ul. Lenin, 39, [Email Protected], www.sli.komi.com.
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IntroductionBasketball game technique. Movement on the site
Technique attack
Protection technique
Conclusion
Bibliographic list
Introduction
Basketball is one of the most popular sports games in the world. They are interested in about 30 million people united in 143 national federations. This game was "invented" in 1891 by a teacher of the physical education of Springfield College in the state of Massachusetts by Dr. James Neussmit.
It can be assumed that creating a new game, the neismith used the existing historical information about right games with the ball, which in distant times were cultivated in different places of America. For example, more than two and a half thousand years ago, the Indian tribes of Incas and Maya, who lived in those days on the territory of Mexico, played the so-called "focus". The goal of the game was to throw the ball into a stone ring, fortified in a vertical position on a high wall. Teams gained glasses, playing with the ball without the help of hands (shoulder, body or legs).
Having received the task to revive the lessons on gymnastics, James Neismith came up with a new game for a closed room. By the railing of the balcony, he attached two baskets from under peaches, in which a soccer ball could be cast. Men and women participated in the game at the same time, and it turned out to be so interesting and dynamic that the results exceeded the most bold expectations of the nesismith.
Since the ball was thrown in the basket, the new game was called "Basketball" ("Basket" - basket, "Bol" - ball).
Somewhat later, in 1892, Neussmith developed 13 points of the rules of the game, which in one way or another act to this day.
Basketball Competitions are included in the Olympic Games, World Cups, Europe. Basketball attracts its entertainment, abundance of a variety of technical and tactical techniques, emotionality of struggle, collectivism.
A basketball game is a very effective means of strengthening health, physical development and upbringing. It contributes to the strengthening of the joyful apparatus, the improvement of all the functions of the body, as well as the development of speed, strength, endurance, dexterity, flexibility. Team actions are distinguished by mutual understanding and interaction of players, and no matter what actions can be individual or group, the goal of the players is one - command victory. It brings up athletes such required qualitieslike friendship, collectivism, discipline.
Basketball game technique. Movement on the site
To learn to play basketball, you need to master many technical techniques. These are transmission, throws, fishing and running the ball, all kinds of movement, turns, phantas, stops, jumping.
The technique of playing basketball is divided into a game technique in an attack, which allows basketball players to attack and increase the result, and to protect the game in protection, with which basketball players restrain the attacks of rivals. When learning the game in basketball, both sections need to pay the same attention, for each involuntary must own all technical techniques. Proper and systematic mastery of technical techniques is of paramount importance for the formation of a basketball player.
Disadvantages in the technique can be detected even from leading players. One poorly gives movement in defense (movement on insufficiently bent feet), others - throws on the ring in the jump (the low path of the ball or does not work the brush in the final phase of the throw). This is a consequence of incorrect primary learning. The practice has been established that it is easier to assimilate any new technical technique than to retire the incorrectly learned old one.
Starting the study of technology is necessary with the simplest ways of the game.
It is very important that even the most elementary techniques have learned with the same load on that and other hand or foot and were performed both in the right and left. Initially, you need to seek the right total form of admission, and then improve it, paying attention to individual details.
For example, a throw in motion after two steps (double step). Initially, you need to work out the ball under the right foot. The first step should be long. The second step is the left foot - shorter. Then the impulse of the left foot and the cast right hand.
As you begin to get two steps with fishing, you need to dwell on the quality of the throw, the position of the hand and its brushes, jumping up, the position of the body.
After improving this reception and securing it to automatism, you should learn the "mirror" option - do the same thing that under another leg (the first long step is left, and the second, short, right and push), and the other hand. The "mirror" option is necessary in game situations so that when attacking the ring there were no runs, "Pullocks".
A large role in the successful development of this or that technical techniques plays the correct show of his those engaged, which faster and better seized this technique.
When studying the receptions of the game very effectively use methodological posters, educational films, video posted on the Internet.
Training and performing many technical techniques depends largely on how correctly engaged in moving on the site. And he can move a step, running, jumping, and in different directions - forward, backwards, to the sides.
Walking in the game applies less frequently of other methods of movement. It is used mainly to change the position during the short pause period and to change the rate of movements in combination with running. Unlike the usual walk, the basketball player moves to the legs slightly bent.
Running is the main way of movement of the player. The game often has to change not only the direction of running, but also its speed. This is caused by a relatively small sizes of the basketball playground, 26 m in length to 14 m wide, continuous changes in the game environment, opponent resistance. Therefore, the basketball player should be able to run softly, elastic to be prepared at any time to any surprise, whether it is an acceleration or a change in the direction of the run.
Basketball player often have to move back forward. This is done in various ways: with the palm steps (when the other) is attached to the extended leg), short steps on the socks.
To quickly reach free space or retire from the opponent, a jerk is applied. Frequency of steps with a jerk maximum, but the steps themselves are short. Speed \u200b\u200bjerk increases by lengthening steps.
To improve running (movement on the site), it is possible to recommend performing such exercises.
1. The engagement run in the column one around the platform, previously calculated on 1 and 2. A team of the teacher, the second numbers make acceleration, over the outside they overtake the first numbers, and run them ahead, then on the contrary, the first numbers overtake the second and continue running.
2. Running in groups of software 4. The last (4th) of each group on the team team makes the jerk left, sharply changes the direction of running and overtakes three ahead of the running on the outside. As soon as the player 4 passed the player 3, the latter also performs a jerk and overtakes three ahead of the runners, the 4th room has already managed to take a place ahead, on the other hand, then jerk make players 2, 1, etc..
3. Running in groups of software 4. The last (4th) after the jerk left the zigzag (slalom) of three ahead of the runners. Also in turn valid players 3, 2, 1, etc.
4. Running zigzag in groups of 3, dramatically changing the direction of running. Each group performs an exercise alone.
The basketball player performs on average for the game of 130-150 jumps from various positions and with various tasks. Most often, players use jumping up, which are performed without prior preparation. Two ways of performing a jump are applied: the push of two legs and a push of one foot.
Jumping with a push with two legs is performed from the runway and from the spot. The jump from the runway is performed by the push of one foot and the push of two legs.
When you push one foot, the last step of running around before repulsion is made somewhat wider than previous. The pushing leg is sent forward and it becomes for a push rolling from the heel on the sock; Basketball player as if squealed.
Another foot makes active moms ahead. After takeoff, when the body reaches the highest point, the mane leg is inflicted and joins the push.
Jumping with a run-up with a push of two legs usually applies when the shots are performed in the basket and when dealing with the ball, bouncing from the shield or basket. Repulking is carried out at the same time with both legs. All these movements must be performed quickly, and without delays in the repulsion phase, due to the energetic extension of the legs and the movement of the hands-up. Landing With all the ways, the jump should be soft, without loss of equilibrium, which is achieved by shock-absorbing bending slightly placed legs.
Such a landing allows a basketball player to immediately perform any necessary technical techniques in the course.
In accordance with the gaming situation, the basketball player uses sudden stops that, in combination with jerks, make it possible for some time to free themselves from the guardianship of the enemy and reach free space for further attacking actions. Stops are carried out in two ways:
jump and two or one step.
When you stop two steps, you should pay attention to the repayment of speed at the first step, braking at the second with the subsequent transfer of the center of gravity on both legs. The second step should be longer than the first. Such a stop is used after acceleration or fast running.
Stop by one step is performed the same. But the step itself should be wide, legs are more bent in the knees, the housing is slightly reserved back. Then he moves forward, so that the center of gravity is transferred to the leg nominated forward. This stop is applied after relatively calm run.
Stop jumping is performed on the leg, which at the last moment of the run was rear. A landing ambassador to her gravity is transferred to both legs. Such a stop is used to change the direction of movement and receiving the ball.
The main error of beginners at stops is a loss of equilibrium, which leads errors (jogging or drop). It is caused by the fact that when stopped do not bend legs in the knee joint, or the legs of the legs are close to each other (not in parallel), or the case does not lean down in the direction of movement.
Training run and stops should pass at the same time.
Initially, the stop must be imitate, then make them at a predetermined place, then on the sound signal (whistle, cotton), then on a visual signal (lifting the hand). From the very beginning, it began to achieve the same successful execution of stops - both on the right and left leg. All stops must be performed automatically, depending on the game situations.
For learning and improve stops, you can use such exercises.
1. Running middle pace, acceleration whistle, on the second whistle stop, turn around and run in another direction, then stop, etc.
2. A sharp change of the direction of the run after it starts. The engagement start running, on the team sharply change the direction of the run and after a few steps stop, and then the exercise continues again. After several classes, the exercise is performed by each player independently.
A great place occupies the skill to perform turns to leave the defender or to cover the ball. Turns can be performed by a player both in place and in motion, with a ball or without a ball.
Turns on site The player performs, leaning on one leg, which is as if the axis of rotation. Feet bent slightly more than usual. To preserve the equilibrium torso tilted forward. The reference foot during the turn is on the sock that does not shifts during turns, but only unfolds in the other side where the other leg takes. Hands can take different positions, depending on the game situations.
Performing a turn in motion, the player gets closer with the enemy and puts the foot of the supporting leg deployed towards the intended turn. Then without any delay, he turns along the move towards the standing leg.
Turns are carried out in two ways - back and forth. They differ in the direction of crossing the leg, carrying out the rotation, on the movement of the body. Turns forward are called such turns when the flipping is performed in the other side where the basketball player faces face, and the turns back are those that are performed by crossing to the side where the basketball player is turned back.
Technique attack
After those involved learned to move on the site without a ball, it is necessary to go to the training of possession of the ball (catching, transferring, keeping, throwing the ball in the basket).
First of all, you need to learn how to keep the ball with two hands. It is necessary to keep it with hands in such a way that they lay on the ball parallel to each other, the fingers are slightly placed, but are not tense. The elbows are slightly discharged to the sides and down.
Having learned how to keep the ball correctly, you need to master the turns with him on the supporting leg. Currencies with the ball are often used to protect the ball from the opponent, when it is impossible to conduct the ball to detect a partner to give the ball and finally to restore the balance.
The turns can be moved back and forth, but without tearing off the "axial" foot from the floor, which is called even reference. Before turning the center of gravity is placed equally on both legs.
It is necessary to recall that the turns must be performed on semi-bent legs, otherwise the balance may be lost.
Having learned the technique of turns, it is necessary to improve them in conditions close to the game situations. For this, the group is divided into pairs. One acts as an attacker, the other is the role of the defender. First, the actions are simulating character, and then the defender activates the failure of the ball action. The defender, depending on the actions of the defender, should alternate its turns in different directions.
In the future, it is necessary to improve turns; After catching the ball on the spot, catching the ball with a stop, catching the ball with a jump.
Catching the ball - a reception with which it is possible to master the ball and take further actions with him. It is necessary to catch the ball without tension, ineffective, in the rack on a slightly bent legs. It is very important to maintain a stable position, without which it is impossible to quickly start or continue the necessary movement for the game.
Catching the ball is performed by one and two hands. I distinguish fishing balls flying at medium altitude (at the level of chest and shoulders), catching high-length (above the head) and low-fat (below the knee), as well as roll and bounce from the site. All types of fishing can be performed in place, in motion and jump. But for all an indispensable condition, the hands and half-grained brushes are slightly bent in the elbows, it is necessary to take a stable position after catching, bending the knees at the time of receiving the ball, gently land with the ball after the jump.
The classification of methods of fishing and their varieties is shown in Scheme I.
The simplest and at the same time reliable way of fishing is considered to catch the ball with two hands, in training a fishing ball should be started with it. This will further facilitate fishing with one hand. It is very important to draw attention to the fact that the study learned immediately after mastering the ball to make the transfer, throw or start keeping.
When catching a ball flying at medium altitude (at the level of chest and shoulders), the two hands are engaged to straighten up slightly relaxed hands towards the flying ball, the brush reveals, forming a funnel in which the thumbs are directed towards each other, and the rest are widely placed ahead. As soon as the ball touches the tips of the fingers, engaged in captures it and bends his hands, "hacking" the flight speed and approaching the ball to the body. After catching the player again tilts the torso slightly forward. The ball, hiding from the enemy by divorced elbows, is submitted to the readiness of the subsequent transmission.
To catch the ball flying high above your head, you need to jump up and hands with unfolded brushes sharply take up (the distance between the thumbs should not exceed several centimeters, the remaining fingers are freely divorced).
At the moment when the ball touches the fingers, the brushes come closer, turn inside and wrap the ball, and the hands, rumbling in elbow joints, Sleep down and attract the ball to the body.
For catching the ball flying low, the player flexs his legs strongly, slightly leans forward, lowers straight hands down and reveals the brush to meet the ball, forming the open "bowl" (the distance between the maizers of both hands should not exceed multiple centimeters). When contacting the ball with fingers, the player captures the ball and, rich hands, raises him to a position in front of the breast.
For catching the ball after its rebound from the floor, the floor brushes are opened with wide fingers at the bottom so that the thumbs are from above and are directed to each other, the rest are straightened down and on the sides. Hands, slightly bent in the elbows, and the leg in front should be near the point of falling the ball. As soon as the ball will bounce from the floor up, the brushes worst it from above and side, the player quickly brings the ball to the chest and takes the usual rack.
Catching the ball rolling on the floor can be used by the player and in front of him. To fulfill her player, heavily bent his legs, lowers his hands down and directs them to meet the ball. The position of the brushes is the same as when catching a low-fat ball. When the ball turns out to be in front of the foot, the player takes his hands in front and from the sides, then bends the elbows and comes to the usual rack.
When the situation does not allow to reach the flying ball and catch it with two hands, you should catch the ball with one hand.
Preparatory Phase: The player pulls his hand in such a way as to cross the trajectory of the ball flight (the brush and fingers are not tense).
The main phase: as soon as the ball touch the fingers, the hand must be left back and down, as if continuing the ball flight (depreciation movement). This movement helps a small twist of the body toward the catching hand.
Then you need to support the ball with another hand and clasp it with two hands so as to be ready immediately act further.
For quick transfer immediately after catching, fishing is applied with one hand without supporting the ball. Here, the amortization movement is used as the departments for subsequent transmission.
The ball rolling on the site is better to catch with one hand with support, but more bending legs and tilting the body to the ball.
High-topped ball is caught with one hand in a jump with a small bending of the body, a rapid decline in the ball and pulling it to the body.
The transfer of the ball is the main technical drive, with which the interaction between partners is carried out. Depending on the gaming situation, the transmission is performed from different source positions: from the place, in motion, in the jump; They are different in character - short, long with a high and low trajectory, without rebound and from the floor; In the direction - longitudinal, transverse, diagonal. Suddenness and secrecy, speed and accuracy with any opposition of defenders - also the main requirements for transmissions.
The classification of the ball gear is shown in Scheme 2.
Due to the subsequent analysis of the technique of gear gear, one comment must be made. The speed and accuracy of all methods of transmissions are largely dependent on the right, energetic "work" of hands in the final phase of execution. Therefore, close attention should be paid to the details of the movement of hands.
There are two ways to transfer the ball: two hands and one hand.
The transfer with two chest hands is the main way that allows you to quickly and precisely direct the ball into close and medium distance in a relatively simple setting.
Transfer with two hands from the breast in the learning process can be divided into the preparatory and main phase. In the preparatory phase, the hand with an arranged fingers are freely wrapped the ball held at the belt level, elbows are omitted. Cupped movement of hands and brushes The ball is tightened to the chest.
In the main phase of the shuffles, it is made with a small circular movement of hands down - on itself - up to the initial position, after which the rapid extension of the hands is beginning with the final active movement of the brushes. To increase the strength of the ball of the ball, the player can take a step forward, transferring the center of gravity from the reference point to the standing leg. After performing the transfer of the hand, it is relaxed down, the player straightens and occupies a position on a slightly bent legs.
Maybe another transmission with two hands with a ball rebound from the floor. It is used anywhere in the site in order to beat the defender. This transmission is an option for the usual transfer of the ball from the chest and reminds it by execution technique. The transfer is usually made with a full straightening of hands forward and down with a significant work of the brushes, at the same time the player takes a step forward. The ball is produced at the height of the belt or lower and hit the site about a meter from the receiving partner.
Transmission with two hands from above is more often used at a distance of 5-7 m in the immediate vicinity of the enemy, which does not prevail in growth. In the initial position, the ball rests on his hands over his head, which protects it to a certain extent from knocking on the front and rear and makes it possible to easily transfer the ball to the partner through the defender.
After performing the shuffles, engaged in a little flexing hands in the elbow joints and slightly takes them back. Then an energetic extension in the elbow joints and the sharp movement of the brushes forward-down sends the ball in the desired direction.
Translation by one hand is carried out mainly from the shoulder, on top and bottom.
In most cases, in most cases are carried out in hidden gears: behind the back, on hand, above the shoulder, bottom back.
Transmission by one hand from the shoulder is the leading. It is used in the interactions of partners at any distance. To transmit the right-handed player, bending hands, brings the ball to the shoulder of the same name so "
for the right hand to be behind the ball, and the left supported it in front. The elbows are freely omitted down. Finishing the shuffles, the player lowers his left hand, after which, quickly straightening the right, finishing sharp movement of the brush sends the ball in the right direction. When transferring to long-distance receptions, the reception is performed with a large grumble. The hand with the ball does not stop at the shoulder, but is losing a little back.
The transmission with two hands from below is used at a distance of 4-5 m in cases where the ball is caught on the level below the knee or raised from the site, but there is no time to change the position to use another transmission method.
The transmission with two hands below can also be divided into two phases: the preparatory - the ball is in the hands, lowered down, the hands are slightly bent, the fingers are freely placed. The ball is given to the hip behind the standing leg and rises a little. In the main phase, the hand movement of the hands is performed, in combination with their straightening, the ball is sent in the right direction. Transmission is most often performed in step forward.
Transmission by one hand from below is performed on the close and average distance in cases where the enemy is trying hard to intercept the transmission on top. The ball is directed to the partner at hand of the enemy.
A straight or slightly bent hand with a ball is given back, the ball lies on the palm, held by the fingers and centrifugal strength, the hand with the ball past the hip is endowed back. The height of the flight path depends on the timeliness of the revelation movement of the brush and fingers. Most often, the transfer is performed in a step forward with the left foot, the transmission by one hand side of the structure is similar to the transmission with one hand from the bottom. It allows you to send the ball to the partner to the middle and the long distance, bypassing the enemy with the right or left side.
Transmission by one hand from below is applied to a close distance, often from hand to hand, against a defender, actively closing the top and middle direction for the ball.
When moving the transfer, the player, flexing his hands, lowers the ball down, shifts it on the straightened right hand, which takes back, behind the thigh behind the standing leg, the left hand supporting the ball, lowers it in the middle of the shuff, and then the ball is held by the brush of the throwing hands. The final movement is performed with fingers that, as it were, "" roll "the ball with a brush.
In addition to the methods of transferring the ball, in difficult conditions of intensive counteraction, players use hidden ballotes that allow you to disguise the true direction of transmission. They are called hidden because the main movements associated with the release of the ball in the right direction are partially hidden from the eye of a guarding enemy and are to it to some extent unexpected. Most often, there are three types of hidden gears in the game: drives at hand, behind the back and transfer by the player. For all hidden gears, a relatively short snaps are characteristic, which requires a minimum of time, and a powerful finishing movement of the brush.
When performing the transfer at hand, the right hand with a ball with a sharp movement is sent to the left, the ball is produced by an overwhelming movement of the brush, the left hand passes under the ball to the right. The main movement in the transmission behind the back is a man bent back behind the back followed by a brush movement. Transmitted by one hand from above "hook" is advocated when it is necessary to direct the ball through the hands of a close-up-standing defender. To transmit with the right hand, the player is located left side to the target. Flexing hands with the ball, he lowers them, shifting the ball on the palm of a straightened throwing arms and, having taking her to the side, circular motion raises to vertical positionAfter which the ball is actively moving the ball partner.
In addition to these methods, the transmission can be performed from the various positions of the hands with the ball due to the sharp, the directing movement of the cell (the so-called brushes).
The maintenance of the ball is a reception that gives the player to advance with the ball on the field with a large speed range and in any direction.
In basketball there are provisions when players have no opportunity to immediately pass the ball to someone from partners and better go with the ball forward and achieve results. In such cases, you need to conduct the ball. The maintenance also allows you to get away from a tightly guarding defender. Using the maintenance, you can get out with the ball from under the shield after a successful fight for the rebound. But it is impossible to abuse the leading, it reduces the speed of counterattack and violates the team's team collectivity. Keeping is high and low.
The classification of the goal is given in Scheme 3.
The maintenance is carried out by consistent soft shocks of the ball with one hand (or alternately left and right) down-forward in the direction of the site, as far as side from the feet feet. Having hitting the ball about the floor, the player meets his brush after the rebound and, without allowing it to achieve the highest point, again guides down. The hand is bent at the elbow and ray-taking joints during the maintenance, the brush with an arranged fingers forms the likeness of a funnel. Fingers play an important role when playing, they can send the ball to any side.
Legs must be bend to maintain equilibrium and to quickly change the direction. The torso slightly leans forward, the shoulder of the ball free from the ball is exhibited a little forward to cover the ball from the enemy. It is advisable to periodically switch the visual control from the ball on the field and back.
Keeping the ball in place. Feet semi-bent and stand on the width of the shoulders, one of them is somewhat exhibited. The hull is also tilted forward, both shoulders are on the same level. The look is aimed forward, then on the ball, which hits the playground next to the legs slightly ahead, the free hand is slightly bent in the elbow joint and is at the level of the ball rebound.
Maintaining the ball in a straight line. When moving forward, the ball is pushed forward. The speed of promotion depends on the corner under which the ball is sent to the site. The sharper this angle, the faster the promotion. The strength of a push on the ball should be the same for the ball does not bounce for different heights.
With slow advancement, the ball is hit by several on the side of the foot. With a very fast movement, the ball should strike in front of the player who runs like it. Unexpected changes to the speed of the ball are used by a player to care from the enemy.
Maintaining a change in direction. The change in the direction is achieved by the fact that the hand brush is superimposed on the various points of the side surface of the ball with the subsequent straightening of the hand in the right direction. The torso leans towards the direction of direction.
Changing the direction of reference is used to stroke the enemy and passes to the shield. A sharp deviation of the body during maintenance can be used as a fact that hides the choice of the true direction of reference.
Maintaining with a change in the height of the ball rebound is used to make it difficult to energize the ball and to go past him to the target by the shortest way. The player gets closer to the enemy, driving the ball on a fairly high rebound, then heavily bends his legs, tilts the body and reduces the holding of the ball of the mail to the site with a straightened hand. Successfully committing such a "nice", the player leaves the enemy behind himself.
Holding the ball with shift hands. It is used to ensure that the enemy cannot predict, which side will be bypassing its attacking player. This method for its elements is reminded by keeping the ball in a straight line.
When running the ball with right hand, you need a brush right hand to put the ball on the right side and put the shock to the left side and continue to lead your left hand. It is important to ensure that with such a jurisdiction, the speed of movement has not been reduced.
The main thing in the technique of maintenance is the lack of visual control, asynchronous work of the arms and legs, equivalence of the right and left hands, high speed of movement. The maintenance of the ball can be performed in a straight line, arc, circle, with a change in the direction of movement speed, with a change in the height of the ball rebound, the ball translations in front of them and behind the back.
Throwing to the basket - receptions, from the accuracy of which the success of the game is ultimately depends on.
Currently, a qualified basketball team performs an average of up to 70-80 throws to the basket for the game and up to 20-25 free throws.
Before describing the technique of various throws, which the player must have in his arsenal, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the individual characteristics of each player.
Basketball is a game that has radically changed recently, mainly as a result of innovation of individual players whose experiments in the field of traditional techniques led to the development and recognition of new technology.
For example, throws from top to bottom, the transfer of the ball behind your back, throwing in jumps, blocking throws and even shots with one hand from the spot at one time were considered ineffective truth. Everyone knows that success comes only after the development of technology.
One of the most important elements of the equipment of the game in basketball is to throw the ball in the basket.
Classification of throws is shown in Scheme 4.
A cast of two hands from the breast is predominantly used to attack the basket from distant distances. This throw is mastered very quickly, since it is close to the structure of the ball of the ball from the chest.
The ball worst with the fingers of both hands, is taken out to the level of the face, legs on the width of the shoulders, and one is exhibited slightly forward. When throwing hands completely straightened forward-up in a small arc, brushes and fingers, opening, give the ball a push. Simultaneously with the movement of hands, legs straighten up. After performing the throw, the hands are lowered relaxed down, and the player himself takes a position for the next jerk for rebounding the ball.
For a more accurate throw, the coherence of work and legs is very important.
A throw by two hands from below is most often used in the penetration of a free throw, as well as with a rapid pass to the shield and an attack of a basket in a "protracted" jump under the hands of the covering the ball of the defender.
With the exception of the position of the hands, the initial position during the execution of this throw is the same as with any other throw from the scene. Feet are located approximately on the width of the shoulders (leg socks are directed toward the basket) or on the same line, or one slightly advanced forward. The legs are bent in the knees, the body weight is distributed on the front of the foot, the heels barely touch the floor. The ball keeps hands below the belt, palms do not touch the ball, placed on the parties. The elbows are slightly bent and relaxed. With full straightening of legs and hands, when the hands are parallel to the floor, the ball is produced with brushes and fingers up, which gives it a natural reverse rotation. The back is straightened throughout the throw. Hands accompany the throw, palm facing the basket, thumbs are directed inside.
In separate gaming positions, a throw is used by two hands from below in the "protracted" jump. By typing the speed and jumping up, the player shows its intention to attack the basket from the top, which causes the protective effects of the enemy. However, at the last moment the player delays the throw and, flying under the arms of the defender, throws the ball into the basket with two hands from the bottom.
Throw one hand on top in motion more often than others is used for the attack of a basket with close distances and directly from under the shield. In the process of learning, this method can be divided into two phases: preparatory and main. In the preparatory phase, the ball is caught under the right (left) leg. A step under which the ball is caught, it is widely done to leave the defender and for approaching the basket. The subsequent step should be shortened, stopping, which allows faster and stronger to push up. When repulsing the ball is taken out above the shoulder (right or left) and shifts on the rotated brush of the right hand. In the main phase, the brush makes a soft movement forward and pushes the ball with your fingers to the basket (with a rebound from the shield or without it).
Throw in a jump with one hand is one of the more effective means of attack.
Throw one hand from above in the jump can be attacked from different distances. As a typical training process, you can analyze this cast from the average distance.
Doing gets the ball in motion and jump makes a stopping step (left leg ahead). Then, flexing elbows, sticks to ahead standing leg right and starts to squat. At that moment, when the player begins to squat, he pulls out the ball, holding it in both bows in the preparatory position at the shoulder of the thrown hand. If the player stands to the place, the squat runs on both legs, and the body weight is evenly distributed on the pads pads.
The elbows are moved slightly ahead and under the ball, and the hands are located so that the hand supporting is ahead, and the shifted from behind, the fingers are conveniently placed as when when you throw one hand from the scene.
During the aiming and extension of the legs at the beginning of the jump, the player raises the ball with two hands above his head, or away from the head under the thrown hand.
At the highest point, the jump player sends the ball to the basket with a straightened right hand forward and energetic, but smooth motion Brushes and fingers. The left hand is removed from the ball at the time of the start of the movement of the brush of the right hand. It is very important when learning to draw attention to the landing of the player. First, the distance from the point of separation to the landing point should be minimal and amount to no more than 20-30 cm, which will avoid a collision with a defender. Secondly, after landing, the player must bend his legs to join the game at any time, the fight for the bounced ball. The accompaniment end with the full straightening of the shifted hand, and the brush is bent in the ray-exciting joint and as if lowered inside the basket.
Throw one hand from the shoulder is the most common way to attack baskets from medium and distant distances.
Training must begin with a rack. In the initial position, the legs are bent, the throwing leg of the head in front, both feet parallel.
The ball is kept by two hands in front of the right shoulder (when casting with the right hand) approximately one level with it. Hands bent, elbows are omitted down, forearms are directed forward. Flexing hands and legs, the player raises the ball over the shoulder. Shifts it on throwing hand. Then, lowered the left, continues to straighten a hand with a ball up, a little forward, completing the movement of the active brush bending guide.
To beat the enemy or go to a free position to obtain the ball, basketball players often use distracting movements (FINTA).
Their basic value is to hide the actual actions of the player.
Finds are performed using a sharp change in the speed of running, changes of the movement directions, with the help of jumps, as well as the movements of the hands, head, housing.
The more naturally it looks like a distracting movement, the easier it is to perform a subsequent maneuver. Finds are with a ball without it.
Distractive movements without a ball are used mainly to receive it.
A sharp change in the rate of running with a change in its direction. The player moves towards the defender, pretending that he wants, for example, bypassing it on the left, then sharply changes the tempo of the run and makes a jerk to the right of the defender.
Distinguished movements during transmissions. The player imitates the transfer of the ball to the side opposite to the one where he is really going to make pass.
Hands with a ball make a movement in a false side with a simultaneous step. Then the direction of transmission is changing rapidly.
Distractive movements when throwing. A player imitates a throw in the basket, slightly straightening his hands with a ball and legs. The enemy or comes close to the player, or jumps up. Immediately after that, the player should start maintaining the opponent's hand to cover the ball to cover the ball, after two steps you can make a throw on the basket.
Protection technique
To be able to counteract the enemy who owns the ball, you need to learn the most important elements of the game in defense. In addition, practice shows that the protection technique is perceived by newcomers with great difficulty than the attack technique, the protection technique is divided into two main groups: the technique of movements, the technique of mastering the ball and opposition.
The defender, the player, must be in a steady position on a slightly bent legs and be ready to make it difficult to exit the attacker to a convenient position for the attack of the basket and receiving the ball.
The stand-forward rack is applied when holding a player with a ball when it is necessary to prevent him from making a throw in the basket or go under the shield. The player stands on the legs heavily in his knees and is located between the attacker and the shield. He puts one leg forward, the hand of the same name pulls up and forward, having hurt the expected throw, and another hand puts toward-down to prevent the ball.
The rack with steps on one line (parallel rack) is used in the care of the attacker, which is preparing in the middle part of the site to the passage with maintaining the right or left side. The legs are bent greatly in the knees, the pelvis is lowered down, the feet are parallel. The severity of the body is distributed on both legs. Hands are exhibited forward and change the position all the time. This rack is convenient for moving to the sides and back.
Movement player. The direction of the movement of the defender depends on the actions of the attacker, so the defender should always maintain equilibrium and be ready to move in any direction. Move the defender should always be on semi-bent legs, getting ready at any time to perform any movement depending on the situation.
There are two types of player movement: Move with the withdrawal steps and moving back forward.
Moving with the withdrawal steps is the main way with which the defender pursues the player leading the ball. The movement begins with the legs, from which the opponent led the ball, the other foot pulls into it. It is necessary to move gently, elastic, sliding step. Hands are divorced ahead of the side, the body is tilted slightly to the enemy.
Moving his back forward applies when the striker can beat the defender. The defender makes a sliding step back and puts another one to stepped foot. The legs bent, the hands are put forward to the sides, the pelvis is omitted, the housing is tilted forward.
A characteristic mistake in newbies is to cross the legs in the movement of the palm steps. It reduces speed and reduces maneuverability.
If the game situation requires quick movement, this is done at the expense of fast attachments to the pushing foot to the support.
Mastering the ball and opposition. Interceptions of the ball by the defender are possible if it carefully monitors the actions of the transmitting ball, predicts the direction of the ball of the ball and selects the correct position. The defender the more opportunities to intercept the ball, the longer the distance between the players, one of which makes the transmission to another.
With long-range gears, the ball is in the air. Before the interception, the defender sharply starts from the place towards the transfer. The last step should be wide enough (even there may be a jump), torso and hands are directed towards the ball.
Often, when interception, it is advisable not to catch the ball, but to beat it with one or two hands into the surface of the site so that it is immediately projected.
Burnting the ball is advisable when the attacker weakened control over the actions of the defender and allowed him to come close to himself.
If the defender managed to capture the ball, then, first of all, you should try to snatch it from the hands of the opponent. To do this, you need to capture the ball is possible deeper, after which it sharply rush to myself, making a turn of the torso simultaneously. The ball must be rotated around the horizontal axis, which makes it easier to overcome the resistance of the enemy.
It is very important to be able to pull out the ball at the enemy, who mastered after the bounce from the shield. Here you need to imagine the moment when the enemy landed with the ball, lowering it as usual to the level of the belt. At this point, it is easiest to snatch the ball without the cost of strength.
Choosing the ball is performed from the hands of the enemy and when he is conducted.
To knock out the ball when playing, the defender should move with attackers in one pace. Then he gets closer to the attacker; actively preventing its actions. To do this, he performs shallow fences with a hand stretched to the ball, then retreating into its original position. The knockout is carried out by a sharp short movement of the brush with tight pressed fingers.
You can knock the ball from the attacker to the rear at the initial moment of the passage.
Covering the ball is used when counteracting a throw in the basket.
It requires good coordination of movements, allowing to avoid collisions with an opponent and a blow to his hands. Otherwise, the defender is punishable by a personal remark and free throw. In cases where the striker intends to release the ball out of the hands, the defender jumps as much as possible, completely straightens his hand and puts out the open brush on the ball from above-in front. In other cases, the ball is covered in different flight phases, most often in the initial phase. Protector shock movement brushes across the ball changes the direction of flight of the ball.
Mastering the ball bounced off the shield is one of the main techniques. This technique must be skillfully carried out under its shield and under the panel of the enemy. Here the defender has a certain advantage over the attacker, which is that the defender is closer to the shield. After the attacker made a throw, the defender should peripherally vision to control the ball of the ball and follow the actions of the attacker. When the striker makes movement to the shield to master the ball, the defender "cuts out" the path of the attacker to the shield, turning to the attacker's back, and to the shield face. After that, jumping up and catches the bounced ball. After catching the ball, the defender lowers it to the chest, spreading his elbows widely, lands on widespread legs bent in her knees.
In the attack, it is difficult to master the ball bounced off the shield. After the throw is performed on the basket, the attacker must do Fint in one direction, and then try to bypass the defender from the opposite side, get closer to the shield faster than he, and jump up, mastering the ball.
Analysis of modern basketball player equipment is always based on learning separately fishing, transmission, references, throws to the basket, as it facilitates the process of analyzing his perception. However B. gaming practice All studied techniques in isolated form are very rare. Most often, they are applied by players in the complex, in a sequential combination of one reception with another to solve the gaming situation. Gradually mastered the skills and improving them, you can teach students to play basketball.
Skillful, flexible possession of a number of technical techniques is an indispensable condition for improving technical skills.
Conclusion
When conducting basketball classes with students, we recommend to apply the learning methodology developed by us, also regularly conduct surveys to identify errors in the technique of performing technical techniques. It is especially necessary to pay attention to the execution of throws, since the throws are one of the main technical techniques of basketball, and has a complex structure.
Basketball as a particularly mobile game with the maximum level of physical activity solves the task of strengthening the health of students, the development of dexterity and coordination, the speed of the reaction, as well as hardening their nature, to educate the spirit of collectivism and rivalry, responsibility and activity.
System exerciseBasketball based, also has a multilateral impact on the development of mental processes in the student's body. They improve perception, attention, memory, develop imagination and thinking, which is the basis for high-quality perception and compliance with the rules, and the conditions of both the exercises themselves and the game, the coordination of actions as an individual player and all teams in general.
Bibliographic list
Main literature
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"Learning students of basketball in high school on the basis of a modular technology aimed at self-realization and self-development ..."
Student training basketball in high school
Based on modular technology
Aimed at self-realization
And self-development
Opletin A.A., Opacheva L.A., Shaimuhametova E.V.
Perm State University, Perm,
Socio-economic transformations in the country entailed
and changes in the educational process in higher educational institutions. What undoubtedly affected the teaching of physical culture as disciplines. Attracting students to classes in physical culture and sports, strengthening the educational orientation of lessons, changing the content and forms of physical education, turning it into an effective measure of the formation of the health and formation, development and self-development of the individual. This is stated in the requirements of the State Educational Standard. According to the studies in Perm State University in recent years, there has been a decline in students' interest in traditional physical culture activities. At the same time, students who entered the university and before that they were engaged in sports games at school, would prefer to continue to engage in the profile. This opportunity, when admitted by students in PSU is being implemented. Since the Department of Physical Culture in PSU has a number of priority areas in the work:
light athletics, badminton, ski preparation, sambo, heavy athletics, sports games. Thanks to which students can choose to improve their sports skills and protect the honor of the faculty and educational institution in the University's Olympics, cities, edges, Russia, and even at international competitions. Upon admission to the university and choosing a basketball specialization Students take place in which such individual indicators are taken into account as the type of physique, temperament, health, technical preparedness, skill, etc.
Individualization of the learning process, in particular, the motion actions pay attention to teachers (S.I. Gileva, V.S. Zakharov, O.V. Petukhov, L.S. Cherkasova, Kiryanova A.I. Diako S.V.), working with students in the process of basketball specialization. The use of a technological approach is currently recognized as highly efficient, which allows to obtain a planned result when performing clearly described procedures (M.E. Bershadsky, V.V. Guzeyev, 2003). In physical culture, the technological process was implemented in the works (S.V. Barbascian, 1999;
N.L. Ponomarev, 2000; A.A. Ottoe, 2005; L.A. Titovaya, 2005, etc.). But, as NTravtranno, these technologies are rarely used in individualization of training in motor actions by teachers of universities.
There are a number of contradictions:
Between developed pedagogical technologies for individualization of students' training and the limited use of such technologies in the field of physical culture;
Between the available modular training potential, which can be used in the study of the subject of the physical culture of the self-development of the personality of the student and the insufficient workplace of the content and structure educational material Basketball in the university.
The resolution of these contradictions is to develop modern educational technology, based on the principle of humanization of the educational process. The implementation of this principle is seen in the provision of each involved in the opportunity to learn sports games at its own level, depending on the needs, abilities, interests. At the same time, the organization of the learning process should promote on the one hand, self-development, self-realization of the study, on the other hand, to assign an opportunity to assimilate a learning subject at the level of the educational standard.
One of the ways to organize the educational process in physical culture, taking into account the above features is the use of modern training technologies.
The attractiveness of the technological approach in the educational process is due, on the one hand the advantages of planning and control, on the other hand, the possibilities of manifestation of individual mastery of the teacher.
Modular training has all the signs of technological, ensures optimal intensification of the Labor of the teacher and student (P.A. Yutsevichene, 1989;
P.I. Tretyakov, I.B. Sennovsky, 1997; I.V. Galkovskaya, 2000;
A.A. Opletin, 2005, etc.). Modular training is based on the principles of modularity, flexibility, conscious perspective, versatile methodical consulting, parity.
In the technology developed by us, the modularity principle is implemented by the formation of block-modules of content.
The purpose of each module becomes mastered by the technique of a motor action of the attacking and technique of a protective effect against this reception. Achieving each of the goals is fixed tool.
Thus, in order to increase the effectiveness of university teaching technique of sports games, it is necessary to put in front of the engineering task and submit them an indicative basis of action. In addition to increasing the rate of assimilation of the material, the use of these elements will allow you to more clearly demonstrate to students the feasibility of processing a particular element of technology, that is, to increase the motivation, and also provide an opportunity for independent work.
When learning students, basketball seems appropriate as the basis of individualization to use the level of training in motor actions.
In the existing educational and methodical literature on technical training Basketball players describe the study of the effectiveness of individualized learning with an emphasis on creating conditions for the speedy correction of errors (B.A. Tsarikov, 1999).
The principles of modular learning, which are the theoretical base of technology make it possible to formulate a hierarchy of targets from complex didactic to private didactic and monitor the achievement of each of them. Structuring the content, algorithmization of educational activities and phased control of knowledge assimilation are signs of modular learning.
The technological formulation of the main reference points used in the instrument makes it possible for an efficient self-control and mutual control. Making data into an individual student training passport allows you to select specific tasks to each person engaged in both the teacher and independently, track the individual speed of learning and determine the most difficult elements of the technique.
The main part of the passport is a description of the approximate basics of motor actions. The separation of the approximate basic basis with the formulation of the main reference points (OOT) serves as a tool for evaluating technology. OOT is formulated in such a way that their presence in the movement structure can be fixed unequivocally.
Important, in our opinion, is that such a mark for technical preparedness performs functions to stimulate, maintain interest, motivation, formation of adequate self-esteem, etc., as it contains clear, understandable criteria. The use of such a control system provides ample opportunities for students self-monitoring, as it gives information on specific shortcomings in the technique of movement, allows you to individualize work on the technique.
The individual work of the student over the motion action consists of several stages. First of all, it is familiar with the motor task and the UDA under study.
This happens completely independently, since each student has a notebook comprising full informationnecessary for learning. After reading the motor task and after having learned the rules (OOT), students in pairs attempted to perform a motor action, obstructing the rules at the time of execution and controlling their actions and actions of their partner. After, according to the student, he performs a motor effect in accordance with all the rules, he invites a teacher who controls the correctness of the execution and gives permission to go to the following exercises described in the notebook. After completing all the exercises alone and spent the control (it was noted. Particularly), the student invites the teacher to control and obtain permission to go to the next module.
It is believed that the student performs a motor effect correctly when all OOT can see in the movement structure. The training passport includes the rules performed by the student.
In the teaching technologies, there is a mandatory requirement to achieve a level of training at least 70% (V.P. Bespalko, 1989). It is indicated that when this level is reached, you can move to the next step of learning.
1. Individualization of primary learning basketball in the university provides for the use of independent tasks performed, starting from the first lessons, as well as monitoring the level of student training using a tool that differs in diagnosticity and transparency, allowing to specify the results of learning outcomes from the first classes and suitable for self-assessment of basketball.
2. The algorithm for the development of modular teaching technology basketball must include the following steps: formulating didactic purposes, complex, integrating and private;
determination of the total volume of content with the allocation of the basic (standard) and the complicated levels of assimilation; formation of block modules based on strengthening didactic units;
formulation of motor problems, basic reference points of an indicative basis of action, the development of special exercise complexes.
3. Application of modular technology In the learning process, the basketball includes the consistent implementation of the following activities: determining the initial level of training, creating motivation for training activities, the creation of ideuds of ideas about the volume of content, the assimilation of the algorithm of independent learning activities, which includes awareness of motor problems, remembering the main reference points execution with a sequential transition from expanded bulk accompaniment to internal speech with abbreviated ODO, the implementation of self-monitoring and interconnection, the presentation of the test action by the teacher, depending on the study stage, the decision to choose the choice and the level of complexity of motor actions based on the success of the material assimilation and self-improvement.
4. To ensure the learning process and self-development of the student's personality on the basis of modular technology, a complex of information and methodological means motivating for cognitive activities that are intensifying independent learning activities that ensure the effectiveness of self-control and interconnection, monitoring the level of training and self-development.
Literature:
1. Basketball: Textbook for In-Tov Piz. cult. / Ed.
Yu.M. Portnova. - M.: Physical Education and Sport, 2004. - 288.
2. Druzhinin, V.N. Experimental psychology:
textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., Add. - SPb.: Peter, 2007. - 320 p.: Il.
- (new century textbook).
3. Makeeva, V.S. Recreational and recreational physical education: Tutorial / V.S. Makeeva, A.D. Kunitsyn, V.V. Vauchva // Ed. M.Ya. Vilensky. - Eagle: Eagle GTU, 2004. - 195 p.
4. Opletin, A.A. Pedagogical foundations of the socioal self-development of the student's personality (on the material of physical education): monograph. - Perm: SPB IVESEP, 2008. - 224 p.
5. Opletin, A.A. Self-development of the personality of students of Rgutis with the help of a universal workout system in physical culture classes / A.A. Opletin, I.A. Dombrovskaya, 2009.
6. Yakhontov, E.R. Basketball / E.R. Yakhontov, Z.A. Genkin. - M.: Physical Education and Sport, 2006. - 160 p.: Il. - (ABC of Health).
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"Chapter 15 Crisis Epoch 2010-2020. And its consequences for Russia V. I. Pantin in this work used approach, which is based on the analysis of Kondratyevsky cycles and takes into account the stepwise reduction of their reduced waves, as well as a structural similarity between these waves. At the same time, since Kondratyevsky cycles describe not only economic, but also political, social, cultural development (Condratyev 1989: 219-220; Van Room 1984: 237-244; Goldstein 1988; Modelski 1988; Modelski, ... "
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List of main and auxiliary learning literature to study the disciplines read at the Department of "Theory and Basketball Methods":
Main literature:
1. Basketball: Tutorial for IFC / under the total. ed. PortnovaYu. M. - M.: Astra Seven, 1997.
2. Kazakov S.V. Sport games. Encyclopedic directory. R-ON., 2004.
3. Kostikova L. V. Alphabet Basketball. - M.: Physicalculture and Sport, 2001.
4. Nesterovsky D.I. Basketball. Theory and teaching technique. Tutorial for students of higher educational institutions. -: Publishing Center "Academy" .2008.
5. Kostikova L.V., Rodionov A.V., Chernov S.G. Target comprehensive program of training Russian athletes-new to gamesXxx Olympics in 2012 in London (basketball). - M., RFB, 2005. .1pt "\u003e
6. Kostikova L.V. Suslov F.P. Furaeva N.V. Structure of the preparation of basketball teams in the annual competitive training cycle ( methodical development). Moscow 2002 Letter-Spacing: -. 1pt "\u003e
7. Krause D., Meyer D., Meyer J. Basketball - Skills and Exercises. M. AST. Astrel. 2006. 216 p.
8. The official rules of the Basketball FIBA \u200b\u200b2010 are approved by FIBA \u200b\u200b2010 Central Bank.
9. Program for training groups of sports improving SDUSHOR. Basketball. - M., 2004. -Pt "\u003e.
10. Portnov Yu. M. Basics of management of training and jealous process in sports games. - M., 1996.
12. Chernov S.V., Kostikova L.V., Fomin S.G. Quick breakthrough in basketball: learning and improvement. Tutorial. M., FC, 2009.
13. Yakhontov E.R. Psychological training of basketball players. Tutorial. C-p. 2000. 58 p.
Additional literature: Line-Height: 150% "\u003e
1. Barrell Peie, Patrick Paye. Basketball for juniors. 110 exercises from simple to complex. TVT Division. Moscow 2008.
2. Gomel E.Ya. Psychological aspects of modern basketball. Moscow, 2010.
3. Jose Piskopo. Exercises for victory in basketball. Voronezh, 2006.
4. Methods for preparing basketball players. Methodical magazine. Modern basketball. Edited by Belas V.V. Yuzhny, October, 2005 - 56 p.
5. Likhachev O.E., Fomin S.G., Chernov S.V., Mazurin A.V. The theory and technique of learning to play basketball. Tutorial. Moscow-Smolensk, 2011.
6. Lyskin V., Chernov S., Chernyshev S. Tactics of the positional attack against personal protection. Method. Manual for trainers Sports School. Moscow, 2002.
7. Methodical guide for basketball secretaries. Moscow, 2009.
8. Sidyakin A.I., Gomelsky E.Ya. Technique execution throw in a jump. Methodical recommendations for children's basketball coaches. Moscow, 2010.
9. Sokolovsky B.I., Kostikova L.V. Dictionary of basketball term in English and Russian. Moscow, RFB, 2012.
10. 100 years of Russian basketball: history, events, people (text): Directory / Author-compiler VB Kvasov. - M.: Soviet sports. 2006. - 274 p.: Il.
Software and Internet resources:
1. www.fiba.com - Website of the International Basketball Federation
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Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus
Establishment of education
"Gomel State University
named after Francis Skorny
policy Faculty
toampedrat.eoriand and methodsand physicalth culture
Course work
Methodical support for basketball lessons
Executor:
student of the group FR-44 Butko N. L.
Scientific adviser:
Lecturer Gusinets E. V.
Gomel 2012.
RefE.RAT.
Coursework 40 pages, tables, drawings, applications, 20 sources.
Keywords:
Object of study: Physical education at school
Subject of study: lesson of Physical Culture and Health
Research methods:analysis of scientific and methodical literature
purpose term paper : explore the methodological support for basketball basketball physical schoolboy game
The tasks of the course work are:
Conclusions: Implementation of the program when learning students basketball promotes the development of this sports game. It expands the boundaries of the use of basketball as the means of physical education and active recreation of schoolchildren, and also creates a base for possible further sports specialization.
Introduction
1. The essence of the game. Brief information about its development
2. Presentation of the game
2.1 Basketball Characteristics, as a means of physical education of schoolchildren
2.2 Rules of the game
2.3 Characteristics of the game
2.4 Technique Games
3. Methodical support for basketball lessons
3.1 Technique and Training Methods Main Game Receptions
3.2Oganization-methodical instructions
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Introduction
Relevance. In modern life, more and more use of exercise activities is not aimed at achieving high results, and to increase their recreational influence on the broad masses of the population. To solve such a global problem, the most effective means are, above all, sports games. Basketball is a popular sports game. For their more than a century of history, he gained a huge number of admirers around the world. High emotionality and entertainment inherent in it, the diversity of manifestation of physical qualities and motor skills, intellectual abilities and mental capabilities are attracted to the game Multiple interest of millions of fans and in our country .. the modern basketball is in the stage of a stormy creative lift aimed at activating actions as in the attack and in defense. It is one of the means of physical development and education of young people. In accordance with comprehensive program The physical education of schoolchildren basketball is one of the means of physical education. Basketball consists of natural movements (walking, running, jumping) and specific motor actions without a ball (stop, turns, movement with appropriate steps, fins, etc.), as well as with the ball (fishing, transmission, maintenance, throws). The confrontation, the goals of which are the taking of a rival basket and its protection, causes the manifestation of all vital physical qualities for a person: high-speed, speed-power and coordination abilities, flexibility and endurance. Almost all functional systems of its organism are involved in the work, the main energy supply mechanisms are included. Achieving the sporting result requires a playful purposefulness, perseverance, determination, courage, self-confidence, the feelings of collectivism. Such a comprehensive and comprehensive impact on engaged in engaged in the right to consider basketball not only a fascinating sport, but also one of the most effective means of physical and moral education in various age periods. In accordance with the comprehensive program of physical education of schoolchildren, basketball is one of the means of physical education. Knowledge of the level of learning and dynamics of the formation of a throwing technology will allow teachers to select and use in the lesson, providing training at a higher level. therefore this work relevant.
purpose of work: Examine the methodological support for basketball lessons.
Tasks of work:
1 . The essence of the game. Brief information about its development
The physical education teacher of the Springfield training school (later the school was transformed into college) in Massachusetts (USA) James Neismith in December 1891 invented the game that described as follows: "Basketball is easy to play, but it's hard to play well." The new game turned out to be so dynamic and exciting that it exceeded the most bold hopes of neosmite. Very soon, she won universal recognition in America, and millions of people play in the modern world. [Zhelenekov160]
The name of the game happened from the English words "Basket" - basket and "Bol" - ball. Basketball is very popular in many countries of the world. The essence of the game is that two teams of five people strive, overcoming the resistance of the opponent and transmitting the ball with their hands, as often as possible to throw it into the goal - for the time for the time defined by the rules. The team wins that by the end of the game there will be more points counted for each ball getting into the basket.
Initially, this game was held between two teams of nine people. soccer ballThrowing hands to a fruit basket attached to the balcony. Gradually, the rules changed, the game quickly spread and became cultivated in many countries. In 1932, representatives of countries where basketball was popular, gathered in Geneva and created the international amateur federation of basketball (FIBA). Since 1935, competitions for the European Championship among men began to be held, and from 1938.-- among women. The world championship among men began to spend from the 1950s, and among women since 1953
Nowadays, basketball play on all continents. Now basketball has become one of the most popular sports. By 1975, Fibe united more than 100 million people from 140 countries of the world.
In our country, the appearance of basketball refers to 1906. The first teams were created in the "Mayak" society in St. Petersburg V. Vasilyev. But in the royal Russian widespread the game did not receive. Genuine basketball development began after the Great October Socialist Revolution. Already in 1920, basketball is introduced as an independent subject in physical education institutions, it is included in the programs of physical education, used as a means of physical training in the Vsevobuch system.
In 1922, the rules of the game were developed in Moscow.
The first major basketball competitions in our country were held at the All-Union Physical Event in 1923 in Moscow, they are considered to be the first championship of the country.
From this time, the Basketball game began to develop rapidly, the Soviet school of basketball begins to be issued. By 1939 it became clear that for the further development of equipment and the tactics of the game, it is necessary to radically change the rules of the game. In addition, the rules of the game in our country differ significantly from international.
New rules were introduced from January 1939. The first major competition for the new rules was the match of eight cities in 1941(Leningrad), in which, in addition to the men's teams of Moscow, Leningrad, Tbilisi, Baku, Odessa, participated team teams Tartu, Riga, Kaunas, who had extensive experience of international meetings. I had this match great importance For the further development of basketball. He showed that for the period from 1917 to 1941, the Soviet basketball players created their school of games, distinguished by the speed of attacks and active game to protect. However, it became clear that it still needs to work a lot to fully implement the possibilities associated with the introduction of new rules.
The Great Patriotic War broke out. The major basketball competitions were not conducted until 1944. In 1944, the eleventh championship of the country (Tbilisi) was held.
The most rapid growth of skill of Soviet basketball players has been celebrated since 1946 in 1947. Basketball players Soviet Union Entered the international federation of basketball and took part in the V championship of Europe (male team), which successfully won. In the future, our basketball players and basketball players began to participate in all international competitions: championships in Europe and the world, Olympic Games (since 1952) and other contests.
In most cases, Soviet basketball players occupied the first places. At the Olympic Games 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964. The men's USSR national team was the second, and in 1968-- Third. At xx Olympic Games 1972 In Munich, the USSR national team in the final defeated the US team and ranked first. Americans hegemony in basketball was broken. The results of the last years of our basketball players are talking about the high mastery of our basketball players: in 1974, the USSR team of the USSR won the world championship, in 1975, an intercontinental cup. High mastery showed the women's team, who won the European Championship in the twelfth time and for the fifth time the first place in the world championship in 1975
At the XXI Olympic Games in Montreal (1976), the USSR basketball players first won the title of Olympic champions. [ 17]
The Basquetball is quite natural in the history of the Belarusian basketball, Ivan Eshchko is quite naturally recognized. He is not only the only one olympic champion In this sport, but also the author of the famous "Golden" Pas, who brought victory from the USSR national team in the final match of the Munich Olympiad.
2 . Presentation of gamesE.
2.1 Basketball Characteristics, as a means of physical education of schoolchildren
Basketball is one of the most popular games in our country. It is characterized by a variety of movements; Walking, running, stopping, turns, jumping, fishing, throws and running the ball, carried out in martial arts with rivals. Such a variety of movements contribute to improving metabolism, activities of all organism systems, form coordination.
Basketball has not only health and hygienic value, but also agitational-educational. Basketball classes help to form perseverance, courage, determination, honesty, self-confidence, a sense of collectivism. But the effectiveness of education depends, above all, on how purposefully in the pedagogical process is carried out the relationship of physical and moral education.
Basketball, as a means of physical education, has been widely used in various units of physical culture movement.
In the national education system, basketball is included in the programs of physical preschool children, a common medium, medium, vocational, technical, secondary special and higher education.
Basketball is a fascinating athletic game, which is an effective means of physical education. It is not by chance that it is very popular among schoolchildren. Basketball, as an important means of physical education and recovery of children, is included in secondary schools of secondary schools, schools with polytechnic and industrial training, children's sports schools, urban departments of public education and department at sports voluntary societies.
The consolidation of the results achieved and the further increase in the level of sports skills are closely intertwined with mass recreation work and qualified preparation of reserves from the most talented young men and girls. Such reserves are prepared in children's sports schools.
Perennial training of children requires accounting for the features of their age development, and in connection with this, a thorough set of funds and methods of academic work. Currently, there are many benefits that cover the modern basketball technique in detail. They are set out general issues The organization of pedagogical work, and also contain specific practical materials that need to be absorbed at a certain age.
One of the most important tasks of the secondary school is to educate the need for everyday exercise classes. The solution to this task requires physical culture of perseverance, creativity, many skills and knowledge from the teacher. And above all, you need to be able to build on only our activities, but also the activities of students in the lesson. Moreover, so that it has its appropriate continuation in the form of independent lessons at home for the purpose of physical self-improvement. And for this, first of all, you need to know the real possibilities of your pupils
A variety of technical and tactical actions of basketball games and actually, gaming activities have unique properties to form vital skills and skills of schoolchildren, the comprehensive development of their physical and mental qualities. Mattered motor actions for basketball and related exercise are effective means of strengthening health and recreation and can be used by a person throughout his life in independent forms of physical culture
2.2 Rules of the game
Two teams play basketball, each of which consists of five players. The goal of the game is to throw the maximum number of balls into the rival basket and prevent the other team to master the ball and throw it into the basket. The game is carried out on the site 28 m in length and 15 m wide (measurement from the inner edge of the limiting lines). The national federations have the right to approve existing playgrounds with minimal dimensions of 26 x 14 m. The ceiling height must be at least 7 m. Duration of the game 40 min, 2x20 min with a break of 10 minutes. Possible duration of the game in 4 periods of 4x12 min, i.e. 48 min.
The ball should have the form of the sphere and be the orange color of the set shade. The length of the circle of the ball should be at least 74.9 cm and no more than 78 cm. The ball weight should be at least 567 g and not more than 650
2.3 Characteristics of the game
Basketball game activity it is a holistic reproduction of game techniques, technical and tactical actions, physical and mental components of the preparedness of participants in the conditions of constantly changing play situations.
The basketball is characterized by high dynamism in the development of situations, the constant alternation of defensive and offensive phases of the game, continuously switching players from some motor actions to another, the diversity of the methods of their implementation, the velocity variability and direction of displacements, which determines the value of the visual analyzer in assessing the changing conditions and the choice of adequate response actions, the complex use of almost all groups of muscles and functional systems of the body, the predominance of the speed-power mode of the muscular work, synchronization in the activities of the upper and lower extremities and etc.
The achievement of the result in the game is a stepped and multiple nature, which requires playing multiple performing gaming actions in various combinations and with different sequence. A simultual effective action is not a guarantee of the advantages over the opponent ultimately, and represents only a single structural element of the system of gaming activity of a separate player.
EFFICIENCY OF ANY GAME TAKEnot only depends on the degree of perfection of its own technique, but largely predetermined by the achieved level of development of special physical qualities. Performance of rational actionbasketball player requires manifestation at the proper level of high-speed and strength qualities and coordination abilities in combination with speed of movement and thinking. Special types of endurance are also important. All listed physical qualities find their interconnected embodiment in the implementation of a player of this or that technique of the game. Moreover, each element of equipment or a group of techniques is inherent in the integrated manifestation of basic qualities with the dominant role of one or more of them. On the one hand, the higher the level of development of physical abilities significant for basketball, the more opportunities for expanding and improving their technical arsenal. On the other hand, the higher the high-quality technical equipment of the basketball player, the greater the opportunities to maximize its physical potential.
The end result of the game of basketball is very specific:
a large quantitative indicator of the final result (in secondary 80-85 glasses per game);
the frequency of change of intermediate results (on average every 30 s changes the account);
no drawback, i.e. the impossibility of a compromise solution to the struggle.
To achieve success, concerted actions of all team members are needed, the subordination of their actions with a common task.
The actions of each team player have a specific focus, respectively, which basketball players distinguish amplua:
center playerthere must be high growth, athletic physique, possess excellent endurance and jump;
extreme striker- First of all, high growth, speed and jumping, well-developed sense of time and space, sniper abilities, the ability to evaluate the game setting and attack boldly and decisively;
defendermust be as fast as fast, moving and hardy, reasonable and attentive.
The distribution of players by functions is one of the basic principles of gaming activities. Different role players are not only game techniques and location on the site, but also their psycho-physiological features.
The effectiveness of gaming actions is closely related to the indicators of a sensorist response. The most integrative Saint-Somotor indicator is the "sense of time", which can be viewed as a component of the special abilities of basketball players. The development of the "sense of time" is based on the activities of the analyzers complex, since the perception of time is associated with spatial perception. Basketball players of various amplua must be owned by the specialized perception of time intervals. Players of the rear line must be well oriented in the range of 5-10 C, which is associated with the organization of the game, the center - in the range of 3 s, allocated by the rules
on the game in the penalty area; Players of the front line - for 1 s - the most stable cast interval.
Teams seek to achieve advantages over the opponent, masking their ideas and at the same time trying to reveal the enemy. The game proceeds with the interaction of the players of the entire team and the resistance of the opponent players attaching every effort to take away the ball and organize the offensive. In this regard, the requirements for operational thinking player.It has been proven that representatives of sports games have a significant advantage in the speed of making a decision compared to representatives of many other sports. The speed of thinking is especially important if you need to take into account the likelihood of a change in the situation, as well as when making a decision in emotionally intense conditions. To assess the psycho-physiological functions that determine the success of the game activity of basketball players, use the methods of study of the speed and accuracy of motor actions, as well as the volume, distribution and switching of attention, etc.
2.4 Technique game
A variety of techniques are used in basketball, which, depending on the execution technique, are classified according to sections and groups on the basis of similar signs.
There are a game technique in the attack and in defense. Each of these sections consists of techniques that, in turn, are divided into methods performed in different conditions (in place, in motion, in a jump).
The technique of performing certain methods of gear, shots, maintenance, etc. is constantly changing with the development of the game. Currently, the speed increases, the accuracy of the receptions is improved.
Technique games in the attack.
The attack applies the following techniques: movement, jumping, stopping and turning, catching and transmitting the ball, throws to the basket, running the ball and fins.
Protection technique
The efforts of the team seeking to win by all their forces will be in vain if players will allow serious mistakes in protective actions.
The technical arsenal of the striker is much richer than the defender. Experience shows that protection techniques are more versatile and quite effective with their correct and attentive execution.
The defense technique is divided into two main groups:
technique of movement;
mastering the ball and counteraction.
3 . Methodical support for basketball lessons
3.1 Technique and Methods of Learning Basic Technical Acceptance Games
In 5-8 classes, the game form of classes is the basis of the learning methodology. It is especially important to ensure the availability of educational material with an individual approach to students. When selecting exercise, it is necessary to take into account the age characteristics and opportunities of schoolchildren. It is advisable to use a variety of preparatory and summarizing exercises that will help you to quickly master the tested motor actions. It is important to ensure conscious development of the proposed exercises.
In grades 9-11, the training technique should include a constant change in the conditions in which the reception is performed. Conditions must be gradually closer to the maximum opposition occurring in the game. The complication of the learning process is carried out consistently:
Many typical exercises are given, characteristic errors and ways to eliminate them are specified.
Movement
The main movement in defense is the movement of the withdrawal steps. Moving behind the attackers of the next steps, back, to the side, the defender is constantly in a protective rack - a steady, convenient position for any action.
The technique of moving movements with the following steps is as follows. When moving to the left side, the player rearranges the left foot to the left left, then the right step is performed to the left, after which the player takes the initial position. When driving the severity of the body smoothly moved from one foot to another, the feet are almost not removed from the floor, and as if they slide on it, the legs in the knees are always bent, the body, hands and head retain the position of the main rack. These movements resemble a boxer movement in the ring. With quick movement of the floor concern only socks of legs. All movements must be smooth and soft. The technique of displacements with the withdrawal steps to the right, back, forward is similar to the described. Usually errors are:
1) crossing legs;
2) a significant fluctuation of the center of gravity in a vertical position;
3) moving jumps;
4) excessive slope of the body forward or backward;
5) Hands are omitted down.
Approximate learning exercises:
1. movement to the side, then forward; Then back to the bill.
2. Movement in the protective rack on the task - along one line one way, along the other.
3. Changing the direction of movement on the signal (sound, visual).
4. Different plates and mobile games like "Salki", "Protection of fortifications", "Fishermen and fish".
Turns
To get rid of the enemy, get the freedom of action or protect the ball, the striker performs turns. The turn is called the Korgo-shaped movement of the player around the axis, which serves as a support leg. They can be performed in place and in motion, back and forth.
To make a turn, the player transfers the body weight to one leg, the push is implanted with another and rotates on the support (axial) foot in any direction. The magnitude of the rotation may be arbitrary. The axial foot is located on a sock that does not shifts while turning, but only unfolds in the other side where the step is being taken. Hands can take different positions, and the legs bent slightly more than usual. To preserve the equilibrium torso tilted forward. It is advisable to eliminate vertical oscillations.
There are turns in the direction of driving the body and crossing the legs. When turning forward, the movement goes shoulder and the thigh, and the shin is already catching up, and when you turn back the movements begin with a shin and heel.
Performing a turn in motion, the player comes closer with the enemy, puts the foot of the supporting leg deployed, then turns, leaving the enemy behind his back and continues movement or stops.
Main errors:
1) the separation or displacement of the axial foot;
2) vertical oscillations;
3) Transfer of body weight on turning leg.
Approximate exercises:
1. Performing turns standing on site without a ball.
2. The same, standing still with the ball in the hands. :
3. The same combined with the ball fishing on the spot.
4. The same in combination with a stop after going to receive the ball and after maintaining.
Stop
In basketball, most often stop in two ways: jump and two steps (step). With the most common, double, stop method, the first step is made wide, without disturbing the rhythm of the run. At the same time, the foot is placed with the heel, then bends, the speed of movement. At this time, the body is somewhat shifted in the direction, the opposite run. The second step is shorter and accompanied by a small turn torso in the back of the standing leg. The foot concerns the site of the entire feet and slightly unfolds inward than the emphasis is ensured. The body weight remains on behind standing leg and after the stop is evenly distributed.
1) insufficient bending of the support leg;
2) the slope of the body forward;
3) the location of the stop on one front axis.
When you stop the jump, the foot on the site is placed simultaneously or sequentially. Initially, the player is repelled by one foot and performs a small fluttering jump up-forward. The player can land at the same time on widely placed, strongly bent legs in her knees. Foot feet should be located so that the sock in front of the standing legs watched in the direction of the player's movement or somewhat inside. Toe behind the standing leg must be deployed out. The landing should be on a complete foot or with heel. The weight of the body first lags behind the movement of the legs, and then it is evenly distributed.
With sequential touch of foot, the playground is usually the first to come in rear behind the standing leg. After repulsion, performing the leap, the player lands again on the push and then draws a turn forward to the same position as when stopping a step.
Approximate exercises:
1. Incorrects accept stopping position on the spot.
2. The same in movement step, then running.
3. Stops are performed on the sound signal, then visual.
4. Shuttle running a certain distance.
5. Stops are performed after acceleration (first whistle - acceleration, second - stop).
6. Conducting relay and moving games.
After those involved in captured the structures of movements of catching the ball, it is necessary to include exercises on a combination of catching the ball with a stop in two steps:
1. The player holds the ball on the hand stretched toward his hand, and the other, coming to him, removes the ball with his arms and stops stopping.
2. The same, but the player runs up.
3. The same, but the ball is slightly folded.
4. The same, but the ball is transmitted from a close distance in front of the player.
5. The same, but the ball is transmitted from close range.
The transfer of the ball with two hands from the chest
It is used to deliver the ball a partner at a distance of 6-8 meters. The transmission of the main rack is performed when the ball is held with two hands in the chest, the elbows are freely omitted, the fingers are widely placed - large from behind, directed to each other at an angle of 90-120 °, the remaining up-forward. The shuffles begins with a small circular movement of hands down (with the fingers look ahead, and the legs bend) on themselves - up, to the original position in front of the breast (the legs begin to straighten up), after which the hands quickly extend forward (fingers look up). Body weight is transferred to standing leg. The transmission by the active movement of the brushes is completed. The ball is attached to the opposite rotation.
After the ball is released, the hand is straightened and are parallel to each other, directed towards the transfer, and the brushes are lowered down. Then the body weight is transferred on both legs evenly, the hands bend to the chest. The position of the main rack is accepted.
Typical errors:
1) the movements of the upper and lower limbs are not coordinated;
2) when driving elbows are widely placed on the parties;
3) excessive amplitude of zamach;
4) the absence of a busty brushes;
5) loss of equilibrium;
6) At the crap, the torso leans back.
Training gear with two hands from the chest is preferably starting from the final movement with their hands. In the initial position, when the hands are half bends and aimed forward, the elbows are lowered down- to the side, the thumbs look at each other at an angle of 90-120 °, and the rest are directed upwards, a sharp straightening of the hands and an overwhelming movement of the brushes is performed. The ball is sent to the breast partner located in 2-3 meters away. Having mastered this movement, it is advisable to connect the work of the legs.
The next time can be an exercise from the initial position when the ball is below, the hands are semi-bent, fingers look ahead. Simultaneously with the straightening of the legs, the ball is ended in the original position of the previous exercise, and the same movements are performed.
Having mastered these exercises, you can begin to transmit from the initial position of the main rack. In this method, the most attention is paid to the final movement of hands.
Depending on the number of balls, the form of construction is selected. It is advisable to have one ball for two, players are located in two ranks. If there is no such possibility, you can exercise in the top three (triangle), fours (square). It is better if at the initial stage of training, they perform these exercises, standing still, without rebuilding.
After mastering the engaged in the structure of the movement in place, you need to go to the training of this transmission in advance. Concreated from the position of the main rack begins the movement of Zamaha. At the moment when the ball is from the bottom, the position begins to rise, the body weight is transferred forward and is performed. Behind the standing leg straightened forward. The torso is somewhat leans forward, the hands are straightened, and the transfer is performed. The ball should be released from hand until the field touch the foot.
The training of this transmission is first in place, then with all sorts of rebuildings. You can spend these exercises and in the form of moving games, but paying attention to the technique of transmission and excluding jogging. The player must get the ball standing still, pass it and then run away to another place.
Fishing with two hands
There are some differences in catching the ball, depending on the gaming conditions. Catching a ball flying at the chest level is as follows. The legs are somewhat bent and placed on the width of the shoulders, or one leg is exhibited forward. The body weight is transferred to the standing leg in front or on socks. Hands should be pulled out towards the ball, unattached fingers and brushes forming a "funnel", the size is somewhat large than the girth of the ball. Fingers are located symmetrically. Thumbs are close to one line and are directed up-to the side, the rest of the final phalanges are drawn forward. The ball should touch the soft surface of the fingers who wrap it. Inertia The ball is repaid consistently by all the links of the hands; First, the brushes are discharged back, then the hands bend in the elbow joints. In this case, the body weight is postponed back, and the legs are slightly bent, and the involved is taken by a steady position.
The most characteristic error is the position when the ball
it comes into contact with the palms, and not with the tips of the fingers and is caught with tense elongated hands without the subsequent inferior movement of the hands. The ball should be caught almost silently. Cotton at the time of reception the ball is a faithful sign improper technique fishing.
Fishing the ball begins to train from exercises in place. Pupils are offered to take the ball from the floor and pass it out of hand to the partner. In this case, check the position of the brushes on the ball. Then go to catch the ball, which is trained in parallel with the training of the ball with two hands from the chest.
For catching the ball after the rebound from the floor brushes with widely tweed fingers, they are open down so that the thumbs are on top and are directed towards each other. The ball is welcome at the beginning of the rebound. To do this, you need to take a step towards the ball, bending the legs in the knees. The leg in front should be near the point of falling the ball. Capturing it, the player simultaneously flexes the hands and straightens up to the position of the usual rack.
Fishing highly flying balls in a jump with two hands. When catching a ball flying high above his head, the player must jump with the hand taken up. Brushes unfold towards the ball. At the time of touching the ball with fingers, the brush turns inside and wrap the ball. Then the hands are slightly bend in the elbows, but the ball remains above the head in front of him. After landing, if there is no danger that the ball can knock down, engaged in the main rack.
Catching the ball in a jump with two hands after a bounce from the shield. Catch the ball is coming both in the attack and in defense. The jump is performed by a push of one or two legs after running or from the spot. To master the ball, the player needs to take a convenient position. To do this, you need to quickly bypass the opponent or tanning it to go to the shield. Completing the player from the shield, the player stands on semicooched legs, placed wider shoulders, half-bent hands in the elbows and are assigned to the sides. Energetically straightening her legs, making waves up, the player jumps to the ball.
The player during the jump should be kept the semitched position of the body so that the opponent behind his back could not get closer to the ball. Capturing the ball, the player slightly bends his hands, arranging the elbows to the sides, and gently lands on widespread legs. At the same time, the ball remains above the head in front of him.
When catching the ball under the shield, the following errors are allowed:
1) the player skips in a jump forward under the ball, catching it not at the top, and at the top of the back;
2) catching the ball, the player does not flex a torso;
3) after catching the ball does not hide from the opponent with elbows;
4) The ball is lowered down.
Catching the ball in a jump with a push of one leg is much more complicated to perform beginner basketball players, although it differs only by the pole phase. The player puts the push foot from the heel, as when throwing one hand from the shoulder in motion. All other movements - as when fishing the jolts with two legs.
Approximate exercises:
1. The engaged in the column at a distance of 2-3 meters from the shield. Some throws the ball into the shield, runs out and after the rebound catches the ball in the specified way, turns, turns the ball to the next and runs to the end of the column.
2. The same, but before the defender column.
3. Two columns stand against the ring, a player one from a distance of 4-5 meters throws the ball into the ring, another player goes to the ring and catches the ball in a given way (rebuilding - after throwing engaged in the end of the column without balls, and caught the ball in late columns engaged with balls). Options for connecting defenders are possible.
Transmit one hand from the shoulder
Transmission by one hand from the shoulder is the most common way to transfer the ball for any distance with minimal time for the zamach and good control over the ball. An additional movement with a brush at the time of departure the ball allows the player in the large range to change the direction and the path of the ball. With the active resistance of the defender, it is much easier to pass the ball with one hand than two.
This transmission is performed from the initial position of the main rack with a diagonal stop layout. When transferring right hand, the left foot is put forward, and when transferred with left hand, the right foot. The ball keeps two hands in front of the breast.
The preparatory phase (shuffles) - hands with the ball with the shortest distance are discharged to the shoulder, elbow the casting hands is omitted, and the supporting is directed forward or forward and down. The weight of the body is transferred to behind standing leg, the torso leans and unfolds towards Zamaha. When transmitted for long distances, these movements have a greater amplitude, and at close distances minimal.
The main phase begins with straightening behind the standing leg, then the torso straightens and unfolds towards the transfer. The hand is straightened, and the transmission of the brush with overcoming movement is completed. Wherein thumb Looks inside, and the rest up. The ball attaches a small return movement. After the ball is released, the hand is straight, the brush is omitted, the body weight on the standing leg.
For long distances, the transmission is performed in a step of the same transmitting hand with a foot. At the same time, the amplitude of movements is significantly increasing. Step is performed wideward-up, since the transmission is carried out significantly higher. It may take place a leading movement of the elbow at the time of straightening the hand, which gives the movement of the hands of the shut-likeness and increases the speed of the ball.
In the final phase, the player must take the position of the main rack and be prepared for further actions depending on the situation. When transferring to medium and close distances, the participation of behind the standing leg and step forward is not necessarily and therefore may be absent. The player can limit the movements mostly, but it is only close to distances.
Pupils most often admit the following errors:
1) do not fully straighten the hand;
2) there is no scald of brush;
3) foot feet stand in parallel or the nogose-the name is often confused with the source position for throwing one from the shoulder;
4) inconsistency of movements, especially for long distances.
Training gear is desirable to begin, as well as transfers with two hands from the chest, from the final movement of the brush from the original position of the semitched hand. Left hand at the same time holds the ball. In the following exercises, depending on the assimilation of the material, the previous ones are joined. So gradually switch to a complete transmission. Forms of construction engaged - as well as in teaching transmission with two hands from the chest.
Transfer ball in motion - double step
Training the balls of the ball in motion (double step) must begin as early as possible. Keeping should own the transmissions in step forward and catching the ball in motion with stopping two steps.
Initially, the conditions of implementation will be facilitated by the introduction of a fixed ball. One of the engaged or teacher keeps the ball on an elongated hand. The player is suitable, puts the foot half the meter to the ball, then takes a step and in the one-step position takes the ball from the hands, only after that puts the foot to the floor ("Once"), takes a step by another foot ("Two") and already with the next step (" "Three") performs the transfer. The ball should be released from hands until the floor is touched by the floor.
It is initially desirable to perform these movements on the bill, slowly, with stops, then step, then run. Running before receiving the ball, with the ball in the hands and after the transfer should not
in this manner. Technique of hand work when performing a throw is different. It is necessary to immediately exclude all sorts of jumps, etc. The ball can be caught a pitch of any leg, and it is necessary to pay attention to it constantly, because beginners often catch the ball "under the same leg", get used to it, and then they are hard to move. In the future, it will only interfere. These exercises are carried out with the aim of learning a two-star rhythm.
In subsequent exercises, the ball flies first upwards, then meet the partner. After that, the double step needs to be performed after catching the countermission, but when the partner is worth. Only having mastered such exercises, you can move to the transfer of the ball in counter columns. Basic errors are inaccurate and very strong transmissions that do not allow the "double step" correctly.
The next step is the "double step" when moving in parallel columns. It is advisable to perform the first exercises in conditions when the partner is on the side and transmits the ball. Inaccurate programs will not allow you to correctly do exercises. These exercises must teach the fishing and transfer of the ball on the right and left.
Throw one hand from the shoulder
More than 90% of shots in modern basketball are performed from the place, in motion and jump is almost the same. This simplifies the training method.
Throw the ball from the spot is performed by a penalty throw in modern basketball. In the initial position for throwing from ahead of ahead of 10-15 cm, a leg is put forward for the throwing hand. Sock and knee of this foot are deployed towards the basket. Throwing hand and shoulder are also slightly turned to the basket, and the ball holds in front of the breast. In the preparatory phase, the legs are slightly bend, and the ball at this time is shortestly carried out over the right shoulder (when casting with the right hand) so that the right brush is located above the shoulder side from the head. The higher the ball is made in the initial position, the closer the striker can be located to the defender.
The throw begins with the simultaneous straightening of throwing hands and legs. The ball smoothly moves forward-up at an angle of 65-70 °. Left hand goes to the side until the ball is released. The effort is created only with the right hand. The ball is broken away from the index finger when the player rose to the socks, straightening his legs, and the shoulder, forearm and brush form a straight line. The ball is attached to the opposite rotation. After leaving the ball, the brush smoothly bends down in the rays-up joint. Then the hand relaxed to the chest, the legs bend, and the player takes the position of the main rack.
Basic O W and BC and:
1) improper position of the elbow of the casting hands;
2) incomplete extension of hands in the elbow;
3) the absence of a busty brushes;
4) inconsistency in the work of the upper and lower extremities;
5) Loss of equilibrium.
Throwing can be trained with next exercises, paying special attention to the correct implementation of the final movement of the brush:
1. Imitation of screwed brushes with fixation of the final position.
2. Holding the ball at the top of a slightly bent hand, due to the back of the brush, pull it back, and when the ball remains only on the tips of the fingers, sharply bend the brush forward, as if following the ball (when the ball is properly executed, the ball is slightly rotated, it flies vertically ).
3. Thinning a brush movement with fixation of the final position from the original position, when the ball lies on the brush of an almost straightened hand up, and the brush of a free hand fixes the forearm of the casting hands.
4. From the initial position of the base phase of the throw (the ball over the shoulder, the legs are half bends, the free hand records the correct position of the elbow) at the same time straighten your legs and hand with the ball, completing the movement of the active overwhelming movement of the brush.
5. The same exercise, but performed on accuracy (the partner raises the hand up - try to get so that the ball lay down on a partner's brush).
6. From the initial position of the main rack with the shortest distance to take the ball over the shoulder, bending the legs, and fix it.
7. Holistic execution of a throw standing opposite to the partner.
8. The same, but accuracy (partner's position, as in exercise 5).
9. Throwing the ball into the ring from a distance of 2-3 meters at an angle of 45 ° to the shield (5-10 shots performs one, then shift).
10. If you have mastered the throw, then you can include a competitive moment, but with strict control of implementation technique - only the hits are counted with proper execution.
Forms of construction are determined by the presence of balls. It is advisable to have one ball for two. If this is not, then preference must be given to the construction in the three (triangle) or fours (square) without constructions during execution.
After those involved mastered this throw from the place, it is necessary to move to the training of this throw in motion after reference. This method in modern basketball ends most of the attacks from under the rings. Moreover, on the right side, the right hand, and with the left - left, that is, a detached hand from the ring. This is determined by the usual position of the defender. We will consider the attack option to the right of the ring. To the left of the ring are carried out the same movements, but by multi-person limbs.
The throw begins with catching the ball. It is carried out in a long step with the right foot. The subsequent step with the left foot is done shortened, stopping, which makes it faster and stronger to push almost vertically upwards. The push foot is put on the heel, and then it carries out to the sock through the leg bent into his knee. Right, bent in his knee leg makes strong moms at the same time with the impetus to the left leg. At the same time, the ball with the shortest distance is taken out above the shoulder, and a shifter movement is performed as when throwing from place. The ball should be produced in the highest point. For this, the player must be pulled out as high as possible.
The landing is made on socks bent, widely placed legs, and the hands are at the level of shoulders. The player must be ready for the fight for the rebound, in case of non-fear of the ball in the ring.
When performing throws in motion, students most often admit the following errors:
1) the ball is caught not under the watched leg;
2) before throwing three or one step;
3) the jump is carried out not up, and go ahead;
4) incomplete straightening of the hand when throwing;
5) there is no overwhelming movement with a brush;
6) In the jump, a turn towards the casting hands is made.
To teach a throw in motion after the maintenance, come to repeat stops with the ball with two steps, throwing one hand from the shoulder from the place and keeping the ball. Side exercises for teaching a ball throw in motion after keeping:
1. The engaged are lined up in a rank. At the expense of "Once" perform with the right leg, the "two" account is a stopping step with his left foot and at the expense of "three" - the jump up with the ending of the knee of the right leg of the drees-up.
2. The same, but during the jump, the disciples imitate a throw.
3. The same with the ball is running the ball up.
4. The engaged in the pairs are broken, or the teacher builds children into the columns to the right of the ring at a distance of 8-10 meters and holds the ball on the hand stretched to the side, being 3-4 meters from the ring. The dealing ball is coming to the ball, the ball takes the ball, performs a step with his left foot and then makes the required throw.
5. The same, but engaged in running towards the ball.
6. The same, but the ball is slightly thrown upwards.
7. When running the ball in direct engaged in trying to catch the ball with two hands from the bottom when the right foot is in a safe position.
8. The same, but after catching the ball mimic.
9. Incorrect performs a throw in complete coordination.
When those involved mastered the required movements, it is possible to introduce competitive conditions (moving games and relay, provided that only correctly completed throws are counted).
A cast of a ball with one hand from the shoulder in motion after catching the balloon the ball differs from the same throw after you have only a phase of fishing. The transfer can be towards the right side, on the left side and from behind the back. It can also be attached (i.e. from above), at the chest level and with a bounce from the floor. The greatest complexity, in our opinion, represents the coordination of the first step with the phase of fishing. Keeping should "pick up the leg" (make a faster or slow, long or short, depending on the transfer of the ball, the previous catch of the ball). Then the structure of the throw does not change, and the involuntary has a direct opportunity to successfully complete the attack.
For catching the ball involved, performing a wide step catching the ball, must turn the torso and pull out his hands towards the transfer and catch the ball. Further movements and fishing were described.
Depending on the complexity of execution, training is performed in the following sequence:
1) catching the oncoming transmission;
2) fishing on the right;
3) fishing on the left;
4) Catching the ball from behind the back.
Having mastered the ball first in the simplified conditions, then in the complicated, you can perform shots in complete coordination. If there is a ball for two engaged, then these exercises are better carried out in pairs. Then the process of improving the gear is at the same time, which is important at this stage of training. Only at the initial stage of the articles are desirable to create lightweight conditions of implementation.
Throw one hand from the shoulder in the jump is the most efficient and common when cast from medium and long distances. The complexity of its execution lies, in our opinion, primarily in the fact that the shifting movement is performed in a concert position. It can be performed after jumping off the place, after referring, after catching the transfer, after turning, etc. This throw has absorbed already familiar elements that have been studied earlier.
If the throw is performed after movement, one of the stops are made - jump or two steps and fish catching. The source position for the throw is the position, as for the throw by one hand from the scene. At the same time only performed larger flexion Feet - i.e. hurded for jumping.
At the same time, straightening the legs strictly up sharply, produce a wave of a hand - this is a removal of a ball over the shoulder at a starting position for the thrifting. Then begin the same movements by throwing hand, as when they throw from the scene. At the highest point, the ball should go smoothly from the specified finger. At the same time, it is advisable to keep the torso vertically, although options for tilting back and forth are possible. The shoulders are slightly deployed toward the casting hands, looks right on the ring. Legs are freely pubescent. It is necessary to exclude the rotational movements of the body, often with beginners. The player seems to hang in the air, and only the throwing hand performs movements.
The landing is made gently on the toes of bent legs, and the basketball player takes the position of the main rack.
Most common mistakes:
1) Vertical of the jump is broken;
2) The ball was released earlier or later the highest point of the jump;
3) the mismatch of movements - waving, jump and shifting;
4) Employment.
You can start throwing a ball with one hand in a jump in the jump only when you tastefully mastered the throw from the place, stopping at the same time from catching the ball, and the level of their physical fitness is quite high. For, if you even need maximum efforts to jump up, it is difficult to expect good results. This throw places increased muscle requirements. shoulder belt and hands. The learning technique may be as follows:
1. Throw the ball with one hand from the shoulder from the place with the elevation (benches, chairs, etc.).
2. Jumping off the elevations, imitating the shifting movement, the focus on the final movement with a brush at the highest point of flight.
4. Jumping up from the place up with the simultaneous removal of the ball into the starting position for the shifting movement, fixing this position.
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Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation Kirov State Medical Academy Basketball in the university Tutorial Kirov, 2010 UDC 796.323 (075.8) BBC 75. 566Я73 Prints by decision of the Central Methodological Council of the Kirov GMU Protocol No. Basketball in the university. Tutorial for students / Sost.: O. G. Hessenov - Kirov: GOU VPO Kirovskaya GMA Roszdrava, 2010. - 102 p. The educational benefit is set out the theoretical and methodological foundations of basketball, its role and place in the system of physical education of university students. The manual may be useful in conducting educational and elective classes in high school, independent theoretical training of students, when writing abstracts. The allowance is also intended for teachers and coaches of higher educational institutions of effective training sessions at the Basketball rate. Reviewer: Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Spetsin A.P. OG Hessengers., 2010. GOU VPO Kirovskaya GMU, Roszdrava 2010. 2 In order to keep the preface ................................ .................................................. .................. 5 Introduction .............................. .................................................. ...................... ...... 6 Methodical instructions ................................................ ... ..... 7 Chapter I. Basketball as a means of physical culture .................. 8 I.1. Specific features of basketball ..................................8 I.2. Basic concepts and terminology ....................................... 10 I.3. Software requirements for basketball .............................. ... 14 Chapter II. Physical development and functional preparedness of basketball players .............................. ..18 II.1. Morphological features ................................................ ......... 18 II.2. Characteristics of sensory systems ....................................... 19 II.3. Features of energy supply ................................................ ....... 20 II.4. Reserve capacity ............................................... .... 21 Chapter iιi. Stretching preparation of basketball players ..................... 23 ιιi.1. Basic provisions. .................................................. ..................... 23 ιιi.2. Sample Stretching Training Program ........................ 23 Chapter IV. Physical training of basketball players ............................. 26 iv.1. Basic provisions. .................................................. ..................... 26 IV.2. General physical preparation. .................................................. ...... 26 IV.3. Special physical training .............................................. 30 Chapter V. Technical preparation of basketball players .......................... 37 v.1. Technology learning to game techniques .......................................... 37 v.2 . Training and improving the technique of attack ...................... 39 v.3. Training and improvement of protection techniques ........................... 52 3 Chapter VI. Tactical preparation of basketball players .......................... 60 VI.1. Technology learning tactical actions ............ .................... 60 VI.2. Training and improving the attack tactics ..................... 62 VI.3. Training and improvement of protection tactics .......................... 80 Chapter VII. Pedagogical control and accounting in the preparation of basketball players ........................................... .............................................. 89 VII.1. . The main forms and methods of pedagogical control ............... 89 VII.2. Meaning and types of pedagogical accounting ....................................... 94 Approximate test tasks by section "Basketball" ........................................................................ .... 97 Answers to exemplary test tasks by section "Basketball" ........ .................................................. ........................................ 101 Recommended literature ....... .................................................. .. 102 4 Preface in our country Amateur sport is represented by student competitions on various types of sports disciplines. Student sport is of great importance in the life of every person. Studying in higher educational institutions, through sports, a person can realize its needs in active vacation, as well as increase its sports skills, speaking at competitions and showing high achievements in one form or another. Among the large variety of sports disciplines, basketball uses the greatest popularity of students, as it realizes the needs of active musculoskeletal activities, emotional satisfaction and the development of communicability. The last decade in the environment of specialists working in higher educational institutions there is a significant decrease in the publications of educational and methodological literature, which, along with other activities, would bring significant benefits for the development of student basketball. This textbook allows you to fill out and solve this problem, as it is logically and consistently lined up in accordance with the specifics and preparations for the game sections relating to physical and functional development, new, so far, not a characterized section of stretching training, as well as physical, technical and tactical training. Pedagogical control, which is covered in the study manual is also of particular value, as it allows you to trace the dynamics of the development of all types of preparations during the student's training in an educational institution. All of the above makes a textbook with a relevant, modern, and it meets the requirements of the modern game. 5 Introduction Basketball as a means of physical education has been widely used in various units of physical education. Depending on the tasks, in one or another level of physical culture movement, the main content, direction and methodology of classes acquire their specific features. The value of basketball for students is that it consists of natural movements (walking, running, jumping) and specific motor actions without a ball (stop, turns, movement with the palm steps, fins, etc.), as well as with the ball ( Catching, transfer, maintenance, throws). The confrontation, the goals of which are taking a rival basket and its protection, causes the manifestation of all vital for endurance, human and physical qualities of the qualities: speed-force speed, and flexibility, coordination abilities. Almost all functional systems of its energy availability are involved in the work. Playing such an organism, the achievement of qualities are included as: sports major mechanisms for the result of purposefulness, requires perseverance, determination, courage, self-confidence, feelings of collectivism affecting the psyche and spiritual life of a person. Such a comprehensive and comprehensive impact on engaged in engaged in the right to consider basketball not only a fascinating sport, but also one of the most effective means of physical and moral education of young people. 6 Methodical instructions in higher educational institutions Meeting games in basketball are used at academic classes and optionally. There is also a wide network of sports contests of different rank, participation in which has nothing to do with anything incomparable training and educational effect. This manual is written in accordance with the training curriculum on sports games developed on the basis of the state educational standard. It is devoted to the problem of learning basketball within the framework of optional students of students of higher educational institutions. Educational methodologically, the allowance is presented consistently with the six consideration of the chapters in which the features of the training and training process are considered issues of physical development, functional, stretching, physical, technical, tactical and gaming preparations. The manual may be useful in conducting educational and elective classes in high school, independent theoretical training of students. The manual is also intended for teachers and coaches of higher educational institutions in order to effectively conduct training in the course "Basketball". 7 Chapter I. Basketball as a means of physical culture I.1. The specific features of basketball basketball as a means of physical education found a large application in various units of physical culture movement. This is one of the most popular sports games that has become widespread in Russia. Depending on the tasks in one or another level of physical education, the main content, direction and methodology of classes acquire specific features. In the physical education of students of higher educational institutions, basketball is used in two forms: at academic classes and optionally. The popularity of basketball and its widespread use in the Russian system of physical education are due to the economic availability of the game (small means for acquiring equipment and equipment, the possibility of independent construction site and a comparative simplicity of its content), high emotionality of the game and a large spectacular effect. The main thing is that determines the proportion of basketball in the physical education system, is its value as a comprehensive means of physical development and education of young people. Collectivity of actions. Basketball is a team sports game in which each player coordinates its actions with the actions of partners. The various functions of each team member oblige playing constantly interact with each other to achieve a common goal. This feature is essential for raising responsibility, habits to subordinate their actions to the interests of society. At the same time, 8 collectivity of actions implies disclosure and skillful use of the society of individual creative possibilities. Competitive. The game process is a contest between players of two teams. The desire to exceed the opponent in the speed of action, ingenuity, accuracy of throws into the target and in other actions aimed at achieving the victory, teaching engaged in mobilizing their capabilities, to act with the maximum voltage of forces, overcome the difficulties arising during the sporting struggle. These features contribute to the upbringing of perseverance, determination, purposefulness. Complex and versatile nature of the influence of the game on the function of the body and on the manifestation of motor qualities. A variety of alternation of movements and actions that often vary in intensity and duration has a general integrated effect on the body of athletes. Basketball classes contribute to the development and improvement of engaged in the main physical qualities (forces, speed, endurance, dexterity and flexibility), the formation of various motor skills and strengthening internal organs. Continuity and suddenness of changing the conditions of the game. The game setting varies very quickly. Each match creates new gaming situations. These conditions teach the players to constantly monitor the game process, instantly evaluate the situation, act initiatively, resourceful and quickly. Continuous observation of the game process helps development in basketball players abilities to wide distribution and concentration of attention, to spatial and temporary orientation. Independence of gaming actions. Action requires variability of the manifestation of the conditions for the highly accomplishment of basketball players. Each participant throughout the meeting, taking into account the changing game environment, not only independently 9 determines which actions he needs to be performed, but also decides when and how to act. This is important for educating athletes creative initiative. High emotionality. Competitive character of the game, the autonomy of actions, a continuous change in the situation, luck or failure is caused by athletes a manifestation of various feelings and experiences affecting their activities. High emotional lifting contributes to maintaining constant activity and interest in the game. These features of basketball create favorable conditions for education in engaged in the ability to manage emotions, not to lose control over their actions, if successful, not to weaken the struggle, and when the failure does not fall in spirit. The difficulty of regulating physical exertion. The fascinating character of the game, high emotional manifestations, change in the situation, various functions of players and the big independence of actions do not allow accurately dosing and regulate the physical exertion of playing. A decrease or an increase in physical activity in the game is carried out by changing the total duration, an increase in the number of interruptions, an increase in or decreasing the number of players, replacing them during the game, etc. I.2. Basic concepts and terminology used in the theory and practice of basketball The terminological apparatus is characterized by a large variety. In the concepts and terminology, the subject of study and teaching any discipline is revealed, the knowledge accumulated by science is concentrated. The concept is considered complete if it has a definition, i.e. A brief formulation of the criteria for distinctions and methods for its construction and consumption. Therefore, the study of special issues of the theory of sports games should be preceded by the development of terminology. 10 Sports - type of physical culture, game, competitive activity and preparation for it based on the use of physical exercises and aimed at achieving the highest results. Sports Student Club - is a complex organizational and pedagogical structure for the implementation of physical education and sports services for students of secondary and higher educational institutions. Sports competitions are one of the most effective forms of mass recovery and sports work. Competitions are not only like a form, but also as a means of enhancing the advocacy, sports and applied and sports training of students. Sports results are an integrative indicator of the quality and effectiveness of psychophysical preparation of the individual. Classification - separation of homogeneous techniques and methods of action on classes based on similar signs. Receiving Games - Rules Conditioned Motor Action Specific for Basketball. Allocate attacks and protection techniques. Technique Games - a set of game techniques for the implementation of the game and competitive activities in basketball. The attack technique is a set of special techniques used by playing to achieve the maximum result in the attack phase. Protection technique - a set special techniquesused by playing to achieve maximum results in the protection phase. Technical reception - a system of rational movements similar in its structure and aimed at solving the same task. 11 Technical preparation of basketball players - a pedagogical process aimed at the perfect mastering of the receptions of the game and ensures the reliability of skills in gaming and competitive activities. Catching - a reception by which the player can confidently master the ball and take further attacking actions with him. Transmission - reception with which the player sends the ball to the partner to continue the attack. The maintenance of the ball is a reception in basketball, which gives the player to advance with the ball on the site with a large range of speeds and in any direction. Game tactics - the choice and implementation of the optimal way to achieve the best results during the Competition. Tactical action - rational use of game techniques, the form of organizing competitive activities for victory over the opponent. Tactics of attacks - the choice and implementation of the optimal way to achieve goals in the attack phase. Tactics of protection - the choice and implementation of the optimal way to achieve goals in the protection phase. Individual tactics - the choice of optimal gaming reception during the game aimed at achieving its goals. Individual tactical actions are a set of techniques used by playing individual tactical tasks. Group tactical actions are agreed by players elected in a specific situation. Command tactics - the choice of the optimal method of organizing the actions of the gaming team members to achieve the goals of the game. Tactics - combine all the actions of the player without a ball 11 with the ball, i.e. everything technique And their varieties. 12 Tactical ways of playing game - consistent actions of several players (tactical combinations) or the entire team (game system). The system of the game is a way to organize individual and group tactical actions aimed at achieving the goals of the game or in its individual moments. Tactical combinations - interactions of two or more players taken to solve tactical tasks during the game. The game situation is the location and action of playing in a particular period of time. Physical preparation is one of the types of preparation aimed at the development of the body of the basketball player, the improvement of motor qualities and abilities and thereby creating a solid functional base for gaming activities. The strength of the athlete is the ability of an athlete to overcome external resistance or counteract him at the expense of muscular efforts. Endurance is the ability of the body to resist fatigue or the ability to long-term motor activity without reducing its effectiveness. Dexterity - the ability to perform complex motor actions properly and quickly. Flexibility - mobility in the joints, allowing to perform a variety of movements with a large amplitude. Jumping a basketball player - the ability to jump is optimally high to perform shots, covering and selection of the ball. Special Basketball player speed - the ability to move on the site and technical techniques in the minimum for certain periods of time cut. 13 High-speed endurance - the ability of the basketball player to perform technical techniques and movements at high speed throughout the game. Jump endurance is the ability to repeatedly perform jumping gaming actions with optimal muscle efforts. Game endurance is the ability to play at a high pace without reducing the efficiency of technical techniques. Pedagogical control is a system for obtaining information about the state of an athlete, about the course of the training process and the execution of plans for training teams and athletes. The selection of basketball player athletes, a complex of composite activities of a part of the system to identify training athletes with high levels of volleyball abilities and the properties of the body that ensure the effectiveness of training and competitive activities in basketball. I.3. Software requirements for basketball Physical culture, sport, tourism are increasingly being introduced into our lives, raise and temper people, strengthen their health, increase labor activity. A decent place in the system of physical education occupies basketball as the most popular game among young people. In the university, it is included in the program physical Education Students and is an integral part of educational and elective classes. Working program for sports games provides students with students of the theoretical and practical basics of basketball. 14 Tasks are solved in the process: the formation of practical skills of ownership of the main techniques of the game of the game; Encut the methodological skills and skills when performing motor gaming actions; formation of skills and skills in organizing the judging competitions on the studied species; The formation of basketball use skills to solve students' recovery tasks, encourage them to healthy lifestyle, optimization of motor regime, independent physical culture. Classes on the Basketball Program are carried out in the form of: lectures; methodical sessions; practical classes; training sessions; control classes. The lectures discloses the role and place of basketball in the system of physical education of students' students, features of the use of a means of a particular game in the development of the main motor qualities, the basic rules of the game, the organization and holding of sports competitions. Methodic practical classes provide for the development of the main methods and methods for the formation of skills and skills for self-studying basketball. Training practical classes are built according to the traditional scheme, in which the preparatory, basic and final part is present. In the preparatory part, exercises are given a tensile exercise, moving with a low speed, jumping without large muscular efforts, exercises 15 with balls in groups (transmission, throws, maintenance, seabilities, etc.). In the main part - the game but simplified rules or practice of game fragments games. In the final part, the restoration of all the functions of the body is normal. In practical classes in physical culture, differentiation of medical groups are carried out: special, preparatory and primary. The main objective of basketball training in special medical group - health promotion of students and positive attitude towards physical training. In the preparatory department, training is carried out on the principle of mastering basketball. Students are selected in groups in accordance with their preparedness and desires. The orientation training sessions for basketball in the main compartment is aimed at the development of general and special physical qualities, mastery of simple and complex skills of the game, when combined with various tactical schemes of the game in attack and defense, as well as the development of professional skills of basketball means. The organization of training work in the university at the department of sports improvement can follow the following areas: with a good sports base and a large contingent, homogeneous sports training team (teams of faculties, courses, departments, etc.) are created, of which the best athletes are invited to the national team team of the university; With a minor number of students and with a mediocre sports base, prefab teams are created from students of various courses and various levels of preparedness. The main focus of work in the sports decision-making groups is the improvement of technical and tactical skills and the further development of motor and functional preparedness. 16 The national teams of the university participate in the city championship among universities, KFK and in other competitions, and for students engaged in the preparatory department, competitions are systematically held at the championship of courses, faculties, institute. Classes at this department are held in the evening control classes, tests provide operational, current and final differentiated information on the degree of development of theoretical and methodological knowledge skills, the status and dynamics of the physical development and professional and applied preparedness of each student. 17 Chapter II. Physical development and functional preparedness of basketball players II.1. The morphological features in sports morphological characteristics are widely represented: anthropometric data, structure, as well as functional components of muscle fiber. Among the most important indicators of a modern basketball player is a player's growth, which determines the outcome of the match. The current trend of basketball development is characterized by an increase in the length of the body of the players of various qualifications. So, according to G. S. Tumanyan, E. G. Martirosova, (1976), the growth of players in 1956 on average was 191.4 cm. In 1972 - 199.5 cm. Modern indicators indicate a further increase in "long »Body sizes that exceed 200 cm. Basketball entertainment is achieved through the use of high-speed and power game. In this regard, the players require urgent implementation of movements in confrontation. Tall players are slow, they are distinguished by low levels of vigilance and readiness for responding. They cannot actively implement their actions in confrontation. Basketball players of lower growth are mostly positioned by fast and strong activation qualities, responding to stimuli. Therefore, anthropometric signs of basketball players should be proportionate to the level of high-speed-powerful qualities, maximum speed, jumping, speed of starting acceleration, with efficiency in thrust movements, power and high-speed endurance. 18 Tall young basketball players spend much longer than the performance of high-speed movements, which is due to insufficient coordination at the time of changes in the direction of movement or during the change of action. This indicates the need for customization of individual training programs to disprimmerize between technical, not to allow large physical fitness athletes having different body lengths. In basketball, the musculoskeletal system (s) is characterized by hypertrophy muscular fibers which occurs as a result of the inertia of the recovery process (synthesis) of energy resources after the training load - the phase of the super-standardization (supercompensation). Speaking about the "character of the muscular training", it is necessary to concern the questions of the qualitative characteristics of the exercises performed by low-spirited and tall players. Functional side of the long-term adaptation of the body athlete to the conditions of training activities. According to modern ideas, the qualitative characteristics of sports action are determined by non-special mechanisms responsible for speed, strength and endurance, but mutually agreed on the activities of all organism systems to ensure the implementation of the motor problem, the motivation of the athlete, the semantic structure of the motor action and the motor installation. This is the morphofunctional specialization of the body athlete, which ensures the increase in its special performance. II.2. The characteristic of sensory systems under the influence of training in basketball is improved by the functions of visual, motor and vestibular sensory systems. High sensitivity of sensory systems is the basis of a more perfect orientation of basketball players in time and space during the game. 19 Rearrangement of the visual sensor system in basketball players and is expressed in expanding peripheral vision, increasing the excitability of peripheral elements of the retina and visual centers. The perception of space is associated with improving deep vision, which ensures an adequate perception of the speed and direction of the goal. Basketball players are capable of high accuracy (up to 20 cm) distinguish the characteristics of the ball movement in space. With the help of a visual sensory system, perceptions are carried out on the interpordability of partners and rivals on the site. The motor sensory system provides information about strength, amplitude, direction of the movements. Improving the excitability of muscle receptors of the brush and ray-taking joint, the skin receptors of the palms and finger tips ensures the formation of specific sensations in the centers of sensory systems, which is subjectively expressed as a "ball feeling". Improving the vestibular sensory system is expressed in increasing the ability to coordinate its actions in martial arts, in certain positions. Reducing the stability of the vestibular sensory system with a sudden change in speed, direction and plane of movement may affect the impaired coordination of movements, the effectiveness of the throws, transmissions. It follows that special exercises performed in the conditions of the changing velocity and the plane of motion, which increase the regular features of the vestibular system. II.3. Features of energy supply Systematic training in basketball is associated with an increase in the aerobic and anaerobic capabilities of the energy supply. As the sportsmanship of basketball players grow, the IPC level of 1 min per 20 kg of body weight increases, as a result of which the blood is enriched with oxygen, which increases performance and reduces the body's fatigue in the process of gaming activity. Basketball players have insufficiently high efficiency of pulmonary ventilation. The increase in pulmonary ventilation is achieved with the help of aerobic anaerobic exercises activating the external respiratory system. Intensive gaming activity requires the improvement of anaerobic energy exchange, which stimulates functional development. This is expressed in increasing the maximum oxygen debt (MKD). The existing relationship between the components of the aerobic and anaerobic energy exchange indicating that the development of functional systems contributes to the strengthening of anaerobic metabolism and vice versa. Therefore, basketball players increase special performance depends on increasing the capacity of glycolithic energy system Subject to the high level of development of the organism aerobic performance. II.4. The reserve capacity of the body adaptive changes in the system of basketball players, the strengthening of the mechanisms of regulation of movements, energy supply contribute to increasing reserve capabilities. This is expressed: 1. In progressive training, technical elements, techniques and technical complexes corresponding to the intensity and technical activities of competitive activities. 2. In constant conscious control and self-esteem when performing previously memorized and new technical elements and combinations. 3. In compliance with the principle of the proportionality of weaver indicators with the level of speed-power qualities, special endurance and technical preparedness. The level of speed-power qualities and 21 special endurance should be ahead of the transition to mastering new, more complex technical elements performed at high speed. 4. In improving the function of sensory systems that ensure the activation of non-specific and specific brain systems, perception and processing of sensory information. 5. In the development of an anaerobic (glycolytic) energy supply system in relation to competitiveness requirements, as well as aerobic energy exchange systems. The reserve capabilities of the body characterizing the physical development of the basketball player are for the coach a solid basis for the successful development of physical qualities, the formation of rational and justified techniques, the use of various tactical models of game and game relationships. 22 Chapter iιi. Stretching preparation of basketball players iιi.1. The main provisions of the Stretching system in basketball aims to achieve a certain level of flexibility, rapid work and prevent traumatic syndromes. Stretching exercises are a mandatory part of the warm-up. After a common warm-up from 5 to 15 minutes, the stretch exercises should be followed. In addition, several stretch exercises leading certain muscles in a normal position are included after training. All exercises are performed at a slow pace. In the same slow, there should be breathing, the rhythm of it must be controlled all the time. When tilting forward, exhalation is performed, and then slowly inhale, if you delay the body in this position. For better relaxation, a mental score of each exercise is recommended. This makes it possible to maintain the right respiratory rhythm quite a long period of time. III.2. An exemplary program of stretching exercises based on the above, after a warm-up run, the exercises must be performed in the order in which are offered in the exemplary program (Table 1). The program of these exercises on flexibility suggests that they will be performed before and after each training classes . 23 Highlights of Stretching Preparation: The first is relaxing. The second - each exercise is performed with a special concentration on that group of muscles, which is stretched. Third - each exercise is performed individually, i.e. to an individual limit, until the moment of easy discomfort. After that, the stretching is somewhat weakened, then it is fixed and delayed. The fourth is to keep the achieved tensile limit in an individual exercise to 15-60 p. Fifth - exercise perform once. Sixth - necessarily recorded one or another pose. The program is intended for educational and training sessions at the initial training of basketball and other sports in educational institutions (lyceums, secondary schools of secondary and higher educational institutions), as well as for independent individual and group-based basketball, to work with teams of any level of skill. Table 1 Approximate Complex of Stretching Preparation Exercises No. P / p Name Exercise Source Position 1 Pencil Between Vacopa IP - Standing, brushes in the castle at the bottom back. 2 3 Characteristics of the movements of the hand pull back, the blades are reduced, fixing the posture. a) to bend, without tearing off from the floor of the bottom I.P. - lying on the abdomen; A look at slowly turn the head of the stomach, socks b) the heel right, pulling back the right shoulder, stretched out. Focus on the heel of the left leg. a) file pelvis back, lower the shoulders, hands straight ahead on the floor; I.P. - Focus on the cat under the knees, brushes b) to send the shoulders for ahead, the fence to progress, in the position "A". Then ahead shoulder torso straighten up vertically, sitting on the socks stop. 24 4 Freak 5 Rockery 6 Kuwrock 7 Fold 8 Print 9 Feedback 10 Lotos 11 Corkscrew 12 Pistol 13 Bow I.P. - Sitting on the floor, legs forward, focusing behind. I.P. - Lying on the stomach, legs together arms along the body. Do not break off the palms from the floor, to promote straight hands back as far as possible, slowly return to I.P. a) in exhale to bend legs in the knee joints, take over the heels, the chest from the floor does not tear off; b) Finger, grip for the lower third of the shin, swaying on the bottom of the abdomen. I.P. - lying on a) bend, pressing his knees of straight legs to the chest, not raising his back, his hands in the pelvis; The castle under b) touch the socks of the floor behind the knees. Head. a) lift legs up, hands stretched by I.P. - lying on ahead, lower the legs behind his head, back, trying to touch the floor socks; stretched out. b) Foot apart, grip with hands from the inside under the knees. I.P. - lying on a) without taking off the blades, throw back, hands my right leg for the left; apart. b) the same left foot. a) bend the left leg, capturing it for I.P. - sitting on the bottom of the shin put the floor, the leg of the foot on top of the elongate thigh, pull it up to the stomach; forward. b) transfer the left foot through the right thigh, the sole on the floor. a) bend to knee joints and connect the feet, with the help of hands, I. p. - Sitting on baking forelers on the legs, floor, legs to lower his knees on the floor, bend, trying to touch the floor forehead; Extracted b) pull the heel of the left leg to the forward. Belly, touching the foot of the right hip, right foot on top of the left shin press to the left thigh. a) bend the left leg in the knee, the inner side of the thigh and the legs on the floor, lie on the back, capturing the left brush left ankle; I.P. - Sitting on b) Most bent in the knee floor, the legs of the left foot under right angles are straightened to the right, turning the body to the left, forward. take on two hands behind the feet of the left leg; c) take the left hand for the sock of the right leg, the right hand in front of the right foot. I.P. - lying on a) knee left leg tightening to the chest, enhancing his hands, back, the hands right leg stretched; Along the body b) change your leg. Grogging the right brush for the right I. and. - lying on a) ankle pull the heel to the left side, buttock; A hand bent b) a hand stretched forward, leg under his head. Take back-up, fix the pose. 25 Chapter IV. Physical preparation of basketball players IV.1. The main provisions of physical training is a pedagogical process aimed at raising the physical qualities and the development of functionality creating favorable conditions for improving all parties to the preparation. Tasks of physical training: 1) improving the level of development and mobilization capabilities of the body's functional systems (functional preparation); 2) Increasing the level of physical qualities: forces, speed, coordination, endurance, flexibility, as well as interconnected complex physical abilities that ensure the effectiveness of gaming activities - jumpers, power of starting accelerations and throwing movements, gaming agility and game endurance (athletic preparation) . The physical training of basketball players are divided into common and special. IV.2. General physical training (OFP) Common physical training (OFP) is the development of qualities and abilities that have an indirect influence on sports achievements and the effectiveness of the training process in a particular sport. The main task of general physical training of a basketball player is to improve the health of the body. OFP basketball players involves the development of cardiorespiratory (aerobic) endurance, maximum strength and forceful endurance flexibility. 26 IV.2.1. Development of cardiorespiratory (aerobic) endurance cardioresis (aerobic) endurance is the ability to continue physical work in aerobic energy supply mode. Basketball players it provides the ability to restore after operation of high intensity and allows you to maintain high activity for a longer time. A tools of aerobic training can be any exercises that require continuous operation and the muscles involving the entire body. The duration of the exercise is from 30 to 60 minutes, 3-5 times a week, the intensity is moderate. The development of aerobic endurance is successfully implemented using a continuous uniform, continuous variable, and interval methods. Continuous uniform method. One of the simplest indicators for regulating the load intensity is the heart rate. When playing basketball, the heart rate holds within 130-180 ice / min. During the training, it is important that the intensity of work, evaluated in terms of heart rate, was higher than the training level (approximately 60% of the heart rate), but did not exceed the anaerobic threshold (about 80% of the heart rate). Duration of exercise 20 min with intensity, slightly exceeding the critical threshold. The critical threshold is calculated as follows: Critical threshold \u003d Chsset + 60% of (Czechmax - Chsset) Recall that the heart rate is CSSMAX \u003d 220 - age in years. When the heart rate on the same load begins to decrease, it will indicate the development of adaptation processes to the work performed. After that, the load should be enhanced either by increasing the time of working with the same intensity (for example, you can start with a continuous run for 20 minutes in the first week and increase the length of the run for 5 minutes weekly), or by increasing the intensity of the run in same period of time. 27 Continuous variable method (fart set). The athlete varies the speed of running or runs the same distance (the same time) by rough terrain. Fatlek forces an athlete to produce energy both aerobic and anaerobic way, and this is the most difficult way to workout. Therefore, fartlek is included in training no more than one or twice a week. Training with the use of fartile lasts at least 45 minutes, and the intensity varies from a low level when walking, up to high - with a sprint. The interval method is called repeated working phases of physical exertion, alternating with recreation intervals, insufficient for complete recovery. Rest intervals only reduce oxygen debt and push the moment of fatigue, allowing you to perform a larger amount of load than with continuous operation. An example of the interval method: N × 3 × 1000 m p: O \u003d 1: 1.5, where: n - number of series 3 - the number of repetitions in the series of 1000 m - training Distance (Running time) R: O is the ratio of work and recreation, in this case 10 min. Works and 15 min. recreation. Development IV.2.2. The maximum muscle strength and power stamina force is the ability of an athlete to overcome external resistance or counteract him due to muscle stresses. Typically identify three varieties of force: the maximum (absolute) force, power endurance, explosive force. 28 The first two refers to the components of general physical training, and the latter - to special, so it will be considered later. The maximum (absolute) force is called the ability to appear in a single lifting weight lifting. Method of maximum effort. Perform 2-5 episodes of 1-3 repetitions with a weight of 95-100% of the maximum and more, with a vacation 2-5 minutes between the series. The speed of overcoming movements is slow, the pace of execution is arbitrary. Method with a slight increase in muscle mass. Run 2-5 episodes of 5-6 repetitions with weights 90-95% of the maximum, with rest 2-5 minutes between the series. The speed of overcoming movements is slow, the pace of execution is arbitrary. Method increase in force and muscle mass. Perform 3-6 episodes of 5-6 repetitions with a weight of 95-100% of the maximum, with a vacation 2-3 minutes between the series, the speed of overcoming movements is the average, the rate of exercise is medium. Power endurance is called the ability to perform power work for a long time. Method of repeated effort to perform 4-6 episodes with a number of repetitions of 25-50% of the maximum possible, weight of burdens - 30-40% of the maximum, with rest 30-45 seconds. Between the series. The speed of overcoming movements is high, the pace of execution is a high method of limiting effort (to "failure"). Run 2-4 series with the number of repetitions to "failure", weight weight - 25-50% of the maximum, with rest 1-5 minutes between the series. The speed of overcoming movements is high, the runtime is high. IV.2.3. The development of flexibility is to be flexible to call the ability without discomfort and pain perform movements with a large amplitude. Good flexibility is necessary for basketball players for two reasons. First of all, it determines 29 technically proper execution Many game techniques. In addition, good flexibility prevents injury to the intense situations of the modern game. In recent years, in sports, preference is given to stretching exercises, which we were considered above (see chapter II). IV.3. Special physical training (SFP) Special physical training (SFP) is characterized by the level of physical abilities, the possibilities of organs and functional systems directly determining the achievements in favorite sport. Special physical training of basketball players, provides for the development of high-speed abilities, explosive force, dexterity and coordination IV.3.1. The development of high-speed capacity by high-speed abilities call the ability to perform motor actions at minimum time. There are elementary and complex forms of manifestation of high-speed abilities. Among the first most important for basketball players is the rapid response, and among the second, the ability to quickly gain speed at the start and achieve high speed of movements and actions. The first is largely due to genetically (mobility of nerve processes, the ratio of fast and slow fibers in the composition of the muscles). The second is more amenable to workout. Movement speed. The speed of the player's movements is determined by the tempo of the movements of the hands and legs and the length length. Increase the length of the steps, you can three ways: increasing explosive power (See section III.3.2) Improving flexibility, step length (see chapter II), improving the technique of movement. 30 Speaking about the technique, it is understood first of all, the specifics of the mobility of the basketball player, including jerks, cocks, jumps, thenter's steps and run back forward. Variation of these indicators underlies the training methods used to improve the speed and interval speed. Re-exercise method. It is characterized by working periods of exercise, changing recreation periods sufficient for recovery. It is used mainly to improve high-speed abilities in the anaerobic alactate productivity zone, the so-called system (ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate KF - Creatine Phosphate). For example: 5-6 jerks for 20-30 m, alternating with walking for 1.5-2 minutes (full recovery). From 1 to 4 episodes in training after 3-5 minutes of rest; 3-5 jerks for 30 m with "go" from 20-30 m of running, alternating with walking for 2-3 minutes. From 1 to 3 episodes in training after 3-5 minutes of rest; 5-6 jerks at 50-60 m, alternating with walking for 3-4 minutes. From 1 to 2 episodes in training after 4-5 minutes of rest. Interval method. Interval training can improve both aerobic and anaerobic performance. For training ATP-CF system, the working period duration is 3-10 seconds, for which the corresponding distance should be selected, which should be overcome with maximum intensity. The intensity must be calculated as a percentage of a better time for which the athlete can overcome the distance. For training ATP-KF system, it is 90-100%. In general, the number of repetitions depends on the duration of the working period. For training ATP-CF system, the working interval is relatively short, so the requirement of 50 repetitions (jerks) in training is not excessive. 31 To avoid excessive fatigue athlete, these 50 repetitions can be divided into series (groups of periods of work and recreation); For example, 5 episodes of 10 repetitions. There should be a resting period between the repetitions, the duration of which is determined by the time of recovery of the heart rate to 150 ° C / min. For training ATP-kf system, the time of work and recreation is expressed by the 1: 3 ratio. IV.3.2. Development of explosive force under the explosive force understand the ability of a neuromuscular system to overcome resistance at high speed muscle contraction. Explosive force must be specialized, i.e. Develop combined with the development of flexibility and improving sports equipment. The use of stuffed balls for the ball gear, running "in the harness", vests with burdens, running up the steps of the stands, serial "finishing" of the ball in the shield - all these are examples of attempts to combine in the exercises of power development tasks with special basketball skills. For the development of predominantly explosive reuse of basketball players, the method and drums are used. Various exercises with burdens can serve as a re-method. The repeated method assumes that the burden at first rises by about 1/3 of the amplitude of the main movement, then quickly falls and with instant switching to overcoming work accelerated in the opposite direction. 2-5 episodes of 4-6 repetitions each, weight weight - 75-85% of the maximum, with rest 3-5 minutes between the series. The speed of overcoming movements is the limit, with mandatory relaxation between repetitions. The pace of exercise is low. 32 Impact method. Exercises in impact mode for basketball players include different kinds of jumping, swelling, jumps, the use of the rope, jumping into the depth (jumping and running on the stands), push-ups with cotton, catching and throwing stuffing balls. The optimal dosage of such exercises should not exceed 4 series 10 times for well-trained athletes and 2-3 episodes 6-8 times - for less prepared. Rest between the series is filled with light run and relaxation exercises for 6-8 minutes. Exercise Exercises: 1. Serial jacks from the position of the inwardness 2. Serial jumping with progress to breasts 3. Serial jumping with a support for the end of 4. Serial jumping with a support of the TUBU 5. Serial jumping of Tumbers (barriers) 6. High-speed serial jumps 7 . Push-ups with anchor IV.3.3. Dexterity Dexterity Dexterity Ability correctly, quickly, rationally and resourceful to cope with the resulting motor task. Select bodily and subject agility. Frequent exercise in rapid changes in the direction of movement (straight, side, reverse, vertical) develops player maneuverability. The same applies to the exercises for the development of the subject (manual) dexterity. Exercise examples for body agility development: test for maneuverability. Make a mark five meters on both sides of the central line of the basketball court. The player is located in the center, in a parallel rack, feet - on both sides of the central line, one hand concerns this line. According to the signal - jerk to any of the 5-meter marks, touch, turn, reverse jerk to another 5-meter mark - touch its hand, again turning and jerk to the central line (finish line). 33 Illinois test for maneuverability. Four obstacles (plastic cone) are placed on a ten meter segment) at an equal distance from each other. The first cone is two meters from the start line. The player lies on the chest behind the start line. At the signal, the player jumps up, performs a jerk forward to a long obstacle, snake the obstacles to the same side and performs the finishing jerk to the start line. Exercises for the development of subject agility: rotation of the ball on the finger. Rotate the ball on the stable finger of the right and left hand. Around the body. Rotate the ball around the body, passing it with his hands on the hand, in one, then to the other side. Around the legs. Feet together, slightly bent. Rotate the ball around the legs, passing it with his hands on the hand, in one, then to the other side. Around the leg. Rotate the ball around the exhibited leg, passing it with his hands on the hand, in one, then to the other side. "Eight". In a parallel rack, rotate the ball around and between the legs on the eight first one, then the other side. As they assiments, go to the execution of the eight during running on the spot, then with advancement. Keeping on the eight. In a parallel rack, conduct the ball on the eight around the legs and between them, translating it with his hands on his hand. After some time, start describing the eight in the opposite direction. "Wheel". Standing five meters from the wall, transfer two goals with two hands from the breast one after another alternately into the wall so that, bounce from the wall, they hit the floor and returned to the hands of the player's transfer. IV.3.4. Coordination coordination is the ability to synchronize all components of general and special physical fitness for the successful solution of motor problems. 34 Specialists see the differences between coordination and agility in the fact that coordination abilities are manifested in all types of activities related to the management of coherence and the proportionality of movements with the statement of poses, dexterity - in those where there are not only regulation of movements, but also elements of surprises, surprise which require resourcefulness, speed, movement switches. Exercise examples for the development of coordination from basketball players hexagon. Using the leukoplasty, an equilateral hexagon is denoted on the site (side size - 60 cm). Player rack leg together in the middle of the hexagon. Throughout the exercise, it is located face to be conditionally called the "front" side of the hexagon. At the signal, the player jumps over the "front" side forward and backwards, then jumps over the next direction and jumps back to the hexagon, then the next side. Stop and turns. A start line is held in three meters from the wall. Next, at a distance of 1.2 meters from the start line along the axial line of the site and 90 cm to the right of it is made an obstacle (plastic cone). Next, at a distance of 1.2 m along the axial line and 90 cm left another obstacle. Further, at the same distance and again, the third obstacle is put on the axial line. And finally, even further on the same distance and left from the axial line is the last, fourth obstacle. Further, at a distance of 1.2 m on the axial line lies the ball, and even further, three meters from the ball, the finish line is held. The player is located on the start line, face in the depths of the site. At the signal, he turns, runs to the wall and concerns her hand. Repeated again, runs to the first obstacle to the right and performs a stop, coming to the left foot on a small circle drawn by the obstacle, and putting his right leg. Repelled by the right foot, performs a stop, coming left 35 legs on a small circle drawn by the obstacle, and putting his right leg repelled with his right foot, performs a turn back and runs to the last obstacle to the left, performs a stop, coming to the right foot on a small circle drawn by an obstacle , and put the left leg. It is repelled with the left foot, turning back, runs to the ball. 36 Chapter V. Technical preparation of basketball players V.1. Technology training Technical training is the process of learning a basketball player technique of movements and actions that serve as a means of playing the game, as well as their improvement. The formation of rational sports equipment is possible, taking into account the achievement of a high level of physical qualities. Basketball technique consists of two large sections: technique of attack and protection technique. In both sections, two groups are distinguished: in the technique of attacks - the technique of movements and technique of possession of the ball, and in the technique of protection - the technique of movements and the equipment of the ball selection and counteraction. In the process of learning, individual game techniques allocate several interconnected and interdependent stages, during which specific didactic tasks are solved using specific methods and means. 1. Acquaintance with the reception. Task: Create a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe explored Element. Training methods: verbal, visual. Training Tools: Message of information about reception, its place and meaning in the game; showing the proper technique of admission; Demonstration of posters, schemes, movie, photography and video materials. 2. Study of admission to simplified, specially created conditions. Task: master the basic structure of the game reception. Training Methods: Practical Exercises). 37 (holistic and dissected learning means: supply exercises based on successive phazen reproduction of the initial position; Admission to artificially limit the degrees of freedom and amplitude of movement; Admission to the controlled speed. 3. In-depth learning of reception. Task: to master the techniques of reception. Training Methods: Practical (holistic exercise with electoral development of details of technology); game and competitive. Training tools: holistic performance of reception species at competitive speed; exercises in complicated conditions (without visual control, with space-time restrictions, in conditions of conditional counteraction); Playing reception in combination with other game actions; Competitions for the speed and accuracy of execution. 4. Holistic formation of motor skills. Task: interconnected to improve the equipment and develop specific physical qualities required To effectively implement this game reception. Training methods: conjugate effects, circular training, gaming. Training Means: Conjugated Exercises; alternation of exercises on the technique and the development of physical abilities; Gaming tasks of a comprehensive nature; Relay and mobile games. 5. Fastening the reception in the game. Task: Improve the technique in the conditions close to the game. Training methods: Practical (holistic exercise); Simulation of situations of game confrontation. Training Tools: Exercises with reproducing specific reception in specified situations or with its variable application in response to 38 Changing the situation (visual, beep); admission in situations of unconditional (active) counteraction; Interaction with a partner under conditions that simulate gaming. When training, the rational equipment is particularly particularly acquired by complexes of exercises and errors in technical techniques, which must be corrected in a timely manner. The study of any exercise begins with a show and detailed explanation. V.2. Training and improving the technique of attack. For effective mastering the basics of the game, the game techniques of attacks and their combinations should be studied in a strict sequence: the readiness rack (main) and the main ways of movement; stop two steps; turns in place and in motion; Holding the ball and a player stand that owns the ball; catching the ball in static position and in motion; Transfer the ball to revenge and in motion; dribbling; remote throws from the place; throw one hand from above (from the shoulder, from the head) in motion; throw in the jump; Variety of throw in the jump. V.2.1. Moving technique The rack of the basketball player in the attack is the most rational initial location of the player's body links, which ensures the possibility of a quick and efficient start of the motor action when attacking the rivals basket. 39, respectively, the attack technique is distinguished: the readiness rack (main) and the player's rack owned by the ball. Stand training. 1. Perform the readiness rack in place. 2. Adopting a rack at a pedagogue signal after running or jumping in place. 3. Performing a readiness rack in combination with movements and stops an arbitrary way: by landmarks; According to the teacher's signal. 4. I. P. - The readiness rack, the ball is in front of those engaged in: sit down, impose a brush on the ball from behind, then come to the player's rack, owning the ball. 5. Relay with the transfer of the ball along the distance and gears from hand to hand between partners. Basic errors when performing striker racks. 1. Unstable stop location: severely closed or placed, the body weight is transferred to socks or heels - at any moment there is a loss of equilibrium. 2. A bent back, lowered forward head, torso and head rejected back or to the side - an unstable position. 3. The glance is sent to the floor or assigned to the side - the loss of control over the gaming situation. 4. When holding the ball, the fingers are closed, palms relate to the ball, or it is held with the tips of the fingers, the thumbs are strongly allocated to the sides (directed towards each other), the brushes are strongly tense ("wooden"), elbows are pressed to the body, the ball is too high or Low lowered - the player is not ready to quickly and efficiently perform a game action with the ball. 40 The movements in the attack include: walking, jumping, running, stop, turns. Jumping in the attack are mainly elements of other techniques: in the jump, we catch and transfer the ball, throwing, taking a rebound and getting the ball into the basket. Running in basketball has two varieties: face and back forward. Training raptures run in the attack. 1. The movement studied by the method (specific jogging of the basketball player, run back forward or jerk) in a straight line and with a change in the direction of motion on the platform markup. 2. The combination of varieties of movements, starting from various source positions (standing, sitting or lying; face with back or sideways in the direction of movement, etc.) in the relay. 3. Performing varieties of movements in combination with other game techniques: racks, fishing and transmission of the ball, etc. (As the game techniques are mastering). Basic errors when performing rapid rates in the attack. 1. Straight legs or lack of tilt torso forward. 2. Simple (symmetric) movement of hands and legs during running. 3. Excessive reinforcement of the shoulder belt and hands. 4. Slow change of directions or speed of movement. Stops relate to movements in the attack and allow a basketball player to stop the movement in a timely manner, thanks to which it is possible to free themselves from the rival guardianship, get a positional advantage for further attacking actions. The game uses two varieties stops: two steps and jump. Training stopped two steps. 1. Imitation of stopping steps from place - UPR. In equilibrium: I.P. - readiness rack; the push of ahead of the leg - an elongated step-jumping from behind standing with the arrival of the entire foot; Hold an equilibrium on it, exposing the push forward, come in and. Clause 41 2. Performing the options for the reception (with an elongated right and left) via landmarks in general after walking. 3. Performing the varieties of stopping two steps on the audio signal of the teacher after moving the run. 4. Competitions in accuracy and speed of execution of the studied reception in relay and moving games. Learning to stop jumping. 1. Imitation of reception: I.P. - readiness rack; Step from behind standing with the subsequent push and landing into two legs. 2. Perform the stopping options for the jump (the impetus of the right and left legs) by landmarks (platform marking, chalk marks, etc.) after walking. 3. Performing species of reception as a whole in landmarks after a slow run. 4. Reproduction of admission as a whole in relay and mobile games: Competitions for quality and speed of execution. Basic errors when performing varieties of stops. 1. Before receiving the reception, the player moves with the elongation of steps, trying to "pick up" the necessary for the elongated step or repulsion to the leg: felt uncertainty and excessive stripping. 2. At the time of stop, there is no elongated first step or a "fluttering" jump. 3. No flexion in hip and knee joints, engaged in straight legs: Movement can be continued forward by inertia, which will cause a loss of equilibrium or coming into an unstable position. Turns (beerots) are designed to maneuvering the attacker, standing still, in order to leave the defender or shelter the ball from knocking out. They are performed without a ball or with a ball, in place and in motion. 42 Training turns on site. 1. The execution of turns back and forth on the spot on separations with the counting of the teacher: "And - once", "and - two" (on "and" transfer the body weight to the entire foot ahead of standing legs, lifting the heel from behind standing; on "once" - Stripping ahead standing, to carry out this foot overwork with the simultaneous transfer of body weight on behind standing and rotating on her sock). 2. Perform by turning in place with a subsequent transition to the movement in the specified method: Rotate forward - movement by running back forward; Rotate back - jerk to the original position, etc. 3. Performing varieties of turns on the spot with exemption from the custody of the conditional (passive) defender. 4. Performing a combination of turns on the spot with the ball in the hands of passive and then actively countering the conditional defender. Training turns in motion. 1. Sequential execution of all component elements of reception (rotations and steps) in place with a transition to movement. 2. Performance of admission as a whole on the markup of the site with the change of direction of movement after turning. 3. Perform rotation in motion with a given amplitude by sound, visual or combined signals. 4. Performing types of reception with overcoming passive, and then active counteraction of the conditional defender in limited areas of the site (in the specified corridors). Basic errors when performing turns. 1. Perform rotations around the entire foot, and not on the sock of support ("axial") legs. 2. Tearing the support leg from the site during the reception in place in the player's rack, owning the ball, is a run. 43 3. Dissected, and not a holistic rotation in motion: stop when crossing, slow ("lazy") movement is the loss of rhythm. 4. Lack of tilt torso forward when turning in motion - loss of equilibrium or player drop. V.2.3. TECHNOLOGY BY BALL. Catching the ball - the reception of technique, providing confident mastery. Training catching the ball with two hands on the spot. 1. Imitation of taking by shifting the ball from the hands of one-handed one. 2. Individual exercises: Catching the ball, dried up over himself: On the spot and in the jump; Catching the ball thrown into the wall after his rebound. 3. Exercises catching the ball sent by a partner: catching the ball sent by the partner towards the attached trajectory in pre-delivered brushes; The same, but the partner throws the ball by changing the height of its flight: above the head, at the level of the head, chest, belt, etc.; The same, but I catch to exercise in a step towards the ball. 4. Performance of the varieties of the ball sent by the partner after the previous movement of the player and stop. 5. Performing types of reception in relay and moving games of type: "Race of balls in a circle", "Pass the ball and sit down" "Ball catcher", etc. Basic mistakes when catching a ball with two hands. 1. When catching a ball flying towards meeting: there is no counter movement with hands and mischieving to the ball: an attempt to catch the ball in the body is difficult due to the lack of opportunity for depreciation movement; 44 Lack of hiding the ball put up on the sides by elbows, torso or mischieving foot after mastering them - the opponent gets the ability to knock out. 2. When catching a ball flying on the side. brushes are located at different levels; The player turns the chest to the direction of the ball. 3. When catching a ball flying at the side. By stopping the ball with one hand, he delays with picking his other hand: drops the ball to the floor; There is no timely depreciation with hands after girth of the ball with two brushes: long-term processing of the ball. The transfer of the ball is the reception of ownership of the ball, with the help of which partners, moving the ball, create a favorable situation to complete the attack by throw. The most common broadcasts in place and in motion, and they can be performed by two hands from the chest due to the head, from the bottom or one, from the shoulder, with side. Training the balls of the ball in place. 1. Imitation of the studied method of transmission without a ball in separation with a mirror return to and. p. 2. Individual implementation of the study of the method of transferring the ball into the wall. 3. Transfer the ball in pairs with mischieving, changing the distance and path of the ball. 4. Alternation of studied methods of the ball transmission in response to the sound and visual signals of the teacher or partner. 5. Transfer of the ball in place in various constructions: in counter columns, in the ranks, triangle, square, circle, etc. - followed by movement after the ball. 6. Varieties of gear, overcoming the passive resistance of the conditional defender, in combination with the subsequent form and the departure from it. 45 Main errors when performing the ball gear on site. 1. In IP: The player is located on straight legs or irrationally distributes weight body; The ball is held with finger tips or palms. 2. In the preparatory phase: when drought, the elbows are strongly bred or pressed to the body; There is no re-flexion of the brushes. 3. In the main phase: the mismatched movements of the hands and legs: the transfer is made only by hand or after straightening the legs, i.e. with a pause before the movement of hands; missing non-neuropal foot; Slow and not enough active straightening of hands and legs when the ball is released: the ball does not reach the partner; Updated hands or irrational location Additional stop Time in the Rack of DM Readiness: Preparation for the player must be subsequent playing actions. The transfer of the ball in motion is used in the process of interaction of attackers in the development and completion of the attack. Training on the oncoming balls of the ball in motion. 1. Performing the method of transferring the ball in motion motionlessly standing by the player after a double run of running from the place, removing the ball with the brush hand of a partner, stretched aside; 2. Execution of fishing in motion, directing the ball by a stationary partner: the ball is attacked by a false player in a predetermined point of the site, indicated by the line of marking, stuffed ball, etc. 3. Execution of the studied reception as a whole when moving from the oncoming columns: transmissions with a rebound from the floor during the oncoming movement of the players; Transfer to a direct trajectory with the oncoming movement of players. 4. Performing the species of oncoming balls of the ball in motion in relay and moving games "Hunting with the ball", "Spot the ball." 46 Main errors when performing the ball gear in motion. 1. Incompretable access to the ball. 2. Stop before catching the ball or slowing the speed at the time of meeting with the ball. 3. The mismatch of the work of the hands and legs: catching the ball in a step of a varieve leg when transmitting one hand; Slow, late preparatory movement: delaying the removal of the ball in and. n. for transmission; 4. Too sharp straightening of the hands without taking into account the distance to the partner or the ball is given a translational rotation: the ball flies with the proceedable speed and rotates towards the partner - uncomfortable for processing. Maintaining the ball - receiving the technique of attack, allowing a basketball player to maneuver with a ball on a platform with a large range of speeds and movement directions. There are several types of maintenance: keeping with a high rebound of the ball (high management) maintaining a low rebound ball (low maintenance), with visual control without visual control. Learning to keep the ball 1. Highly maintained on the spot alternately and left hand in the rack with ahead of the foot. 2. High maintenance in motion in a straight line: one and the other hand. 3. Alternation of high and low management in motion with a change in its direction: on the placement of the site, with the stroke of portable racks, chairs or stuffing balls ("snake"), gymnastic benches, hoars. 4. Foaming a passive defender in the course of reference by changing the speed of movement - "torn" rhythm. 5. Performing species of reference in limited areas of the site, overcoming active opposition of the defender. 6. Performance of reception varieties in combination with other game actions (as the game techniques are mastering). 47 Main errors when performing the ball. 1. Ethrational I.P. Before the start of reference in the movement, the right foot is rear, while maintaining the right - right; The ball is held in front of itself, the work brush is not defined. 2. Excessive reinforcement in the rays-up joints, fingers, poor control over the ball. 3. The ball is sent to the floor in front of your feet: the player loses it or is forced to stop not to play notes. 4. Lack of hiding the ball with free hand and torso with the immediate proximity of the defender: There is a threat to loss of balls as a result of knocking out his opponent. Throwing the ball in the basket belongs to the most significant receptions of the game of basketball, as they are the ultimate goal of the attacking actions of the players and their effectiveness determines the result of the game. The most used in the game throws are: remote throws, one hand from above in motion and throw in the jump. Training with remote throws from the scene. 1. Imitation of the studied way of throwing without a ball. 2. Multiple fulfillment of the ball release upwards from various I.P .: Standing in the rack of the attacker, sitting on a chair or on the floor, standing on his knees, lying on his back. 3. Alternation of remote shots studied by a method from different distances to the basket. 4. The same, but with the passive resistance of the conditional defender. 5. Performance of receiving varieties in combination with subsequent motor actions between throws: performing acrobatic elements (squatting, knuckles, coups to side, etc.) and further moving to another point for the next throw; Shuttle jerks between the indicated movement on the selection of the ball and mastering the rebound, etc. 48 points; 6. A combination of types of throws from the place with other game techniques of the attack preceding them: stops, turns, fins, fishing and transfer of the ball, keeping (as the game techniques are used). Basic errors when performing remote throws. 1. In IP: Fully straightened legs or insufficiently bent knees - legs - "charged" on a throw; The ball is held with palms or closed fingers, far or close to the body. 2. In the preparatory phase (during Zamach): the ball is held with the tips of the fingers or with the participation of palms; The brushes of both hands or hand-up brush are not aslending back and are not located parallel to the floor under the ball; When throwing from above - the ball of the ball back behind the head; When throwing two hands - insufficient or excessive dilution of elbows on the sides, turning the body in any direction; When throwing one hand: a) the elbow of the throwing hands is assigned to the side - it is not in one vertical plane with an index finger, the foot of the same name and a basket; b) the bags of the supporting hand pressed to the body or overly raised to the side c) the brush of the supporting hand is located on top of the ball, and not on the side or bottom; d) the body turned towards the casting hands; In the main phase (directly when throwing): lack of consistency in the operation of the lower and upper limbs: alternately, and not simultaneous straightening; incomplete straightening of legs or hands at the time of release of the ball; The lack of reverse rotation of the ball - the ball does not roll off the tips of the index fingers (fingers); Vertical rotation - the release of the ball through the little finger; A progressive rotation around the transverse axis ("from ourselves") - the release of the ball through the palm. Throw one hand on top in motion - the most effective technique to complete the attack of the basket at close range 49 Training to throw one hand from above in motion. 1. Performing a jump with a push of one foot on the right and to the left of the basket after one "two steps from the scene - imitation of a throw without a ball. 2. Imitation of a throw with the release of the ball up over himself after one step from the place. 3. Perform a throw to the basket after one step from the place. 4. Admission as a whole after the oncoming point of the ball partner from the bottom (the transfer is almost from hand to hand). 5. Performing a throw in motion alternately and left hand after the oncoming transfer partner with the floor rebound. 6. Throwing in motion after the transmission of the partner ("on the move" to the player) or the transfer from the side. 7. Performance of reception options in personal and team competition competitions. Basic errors when performing a throw one in motion. 1. Reducing the speed of movement or stop before catching the ball; Urgent selection of runway (unnatural stretch of steps) for catching the ball under the desired leg. 2. There is no elongated step when meeting with the ball, or reproduce typical errors associated with its fishing. 3. Mind of the direction or the length of a double runway at the time of mastering the player's initial location and its distance to the basket: the player does not reach the shield or passes it. 4. Untimely issue of the ball: up after reaching the high-point player jumping; Rod (overly sharp) straightening the casting hands. 5. Loss of equilibrium when landing: The arrival of flying or straight legs is the inability to quickly turn into the game. Throwing in the jump is the main means of completing actions in the attack in modern basketball 50 teaching a jump with a jump. 1. Imitation of the execution of reception from the place with the release of the ball over it. 2. Performance of admission as a whole from the middle distance at an angle of 3045 ° to the shield. 3. Execution of throws from the far distance, pushing out the gymnastic bridge. 4. Throws in a hopper from the specified points, destroyed and multidirectional to the basket. 5. Alternation of throws from various positions in competence for performance. 6. Performance of admission in combination with other world actions (as playing the game techniques). Basic errors when performing a throw in the jump. 1. Intrant IP: Torchish is strongly tilted forward; Foot completely straightened; feet are widely placed or approached each other; Body mass is distributed on socks or heels. 2. Untimely or ineffective ball removal: When throwing with a jump - the delay of the zamach (its execution after repulsion), when throws in a jump or with a hanging - premature shuffles (to the push of legs); 3. Incorrect location of the body links at the time of reaching the player of the optimal point of the jump for the release of the ball: the ball is headed for his head, located in the face, is strongly set aside or forward; Links of cast-up hands (hands) or elbow supporting strongly rejected aside (sides). 4. Error when landing: the arrival of straight or highly bent legs: additional time is needed to turn on the striker into the game; Transfer of body mass on the front of the stop, leading to the loss of equilibrium. 51 v.3. Training and improving the technique of protection for the protection of the game in defense is aimed at counteracting the striker. The main goal of the game in defense is to interrupt the attack of the opponent and master the ball before his throw in the basket. Accordingly, protection technique is divided into two main groups 1) Movement technique; 2) The technique of opposition and mastering the ball. Training technique of protective rack and movement should be started in parallel with the study of the technique of the game in the attack. Training to counterfaces should be preceded by the assimilation of the focus of the technique of attack. Training sequence: 1) breaking the ball after mastering the holding and fishing; 2) knocking out the ball after the development of fishing, gear and maintenance; 3) interception of the ball after the development of fishing, gear and maintenance; 4) covering and chopping the ball after the casting of throws; 5) Taking a rebound (mastering the ball in the fight for the rebound) on its shield field of casting and finishing. Such a sequence of training techniques corresponds to the content, structural features and logic of the game of basketball. It allows you to gradually bring it to the effective use of the entire acquired technical arsenal in the conditions of the gaming competitive process. V.3.1. Movement technique in the protection of the Stoic Basketball Player in Protection is the most rational position of the player's body links for maneuverable protective effects, which makes it possible to effectively prevent the attacker 52 attacking intentions in the protection technique allocate three types of racks: a rack with parallel standing stop (parallel); Stand with advanced foot and closed rack. Training of defender stands. 1. Repeated variation of varieties. 2. Performing varieties of racks for the designation of the conditional defender when learning fishing, transfers, maintaining and remotely throws the ball. 3. Relay and mobile games, including the execution of the studied racks in and. p., At the end of movements by the signal of a leading or teacher. 4. Performance of reception varieties in combination with other actions in protection in a numerical minority situation in front of the attackers: Gaming exercises 1 × 2, 1 × 3, 2 × 3. Basic errors when performing protector racks. 1. Missing in the arrangement of arms and legs, in a rack with a forward foot, raised upward variepea with ahead standing foot Hand, in a parallel hand rack omit down. 2. Unstable player position. 3. Overly fixed limbs: a player is deprived of freedom of maneuverability. In defense, all methods of movements are used, which are used when attacked: a variety of walking and running, stops, turns, jumps. Defender's specific in the arsenal are movement with the withdrawal steps and the so-called scratched step. Priority attention should be paid to mastering the "technique of movement by the withdrawal steps, which constitute the basis of the defender's action. Training movements with palm steps. 1. Performance of admission in the corresponding racks of the defender: Forward, backward, in the direction of separation (with counting). 2. Shuttle movements in the defender racks in guidelines with a change in direction and speed of movement. 53 3. Zigzag movements along the site in the corridor with a width of 2.5-3 m with a touch of restrictive lines. 4. Performance of reception species in general in the situation of countering passive movements of the attacker without a ball and with the ball. 5. Performance of reception varieties in various combinations with other methods of movements in relay and mobile games: "Do not miss dribler", "Goalkeeper", etc. Basic errors when performing movements by pressing steps. 1. Movements are carried out throughout the foot, and not on the front of it: the player has to spend extra time to start or resume movements. 2. Large oscillations (up-down) OCC player jumps, and not "slides" on the site. 3. Loss of equilibrium: Stop after performing the Power Step, are too close to each other or the fallen leg is rearranged for the mischievous. V.3.2. Technique countering and mastering the ball. The technique of countering and mastering the ball includes: breaking, knocking out and intercepting the ball, covering, taking a rebound on the shield. The ball feeding is carried out in a situation where the attacker weakened control over the ball. Training from pulling the ball. 1. Admission to the passive resistance of the opponent: B and, n. Both players hold the ball, standing still. 2. The same, but after the attacking of the rotation or turns on the spot. 3. Dumping the ball from the hands of the opponent with its active counteraction: in and. Both players clapped the ball, in the standing position, standing on his knees or sitting on the floor, etc. 54 4. Performance of the reception as a whole, followed by the ball by the ball to the specified striker: transfer to the partner to the separation, remote throw on the basket , pass-throw, etc. (As the game techniques are mastering). 5. Reproduction of breaking in the conditions of playing confrontation. Basic errors when performing a ball pulling out. 1. Bad girth of the ball, carried out in one fingers. 2. No rotation of the ball around the horizontal axis. 3. Not enough active twist torso for mastering the ball. Chopping the ball is one of the most commonly used techniques when playing protection, allowing to master the ball with great efficiency. Chopping the ball is performed from the opponent's hands or when running the ball. Training from knocking out the ball from the hands of the opponent. 1. Choosing the ball from below and on top of the hands of a fixed attacker standing. 2. Performance of the reception at the time of catching the ball attackers in motion. 3. Performance at the time of lowering the ball attackers down after it is catching in a jump: after its own throwing up the ball up; After the partner's mounted transfer; After moving-rebound the ball from the shield. 4. Multiple reception in moving games: "Do not let the ball of water", "fight for the ball"; 5. Performance of reception varieties with subsequent mastering the ball and the transition to the attacking actions. Training from knocking out the ball when he is conducted. 1. Performance of reception in place due to the back of the attacker at the time of the release of the ball. 2. Performance from behind the back and side of the attacker after the eponymous maintenance of the ball in place. 3. Performance of admission as a whole under confrontation conditions 1 × 1 in a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe site: in the central circle or in semicircles 55 the area of \u200b\u200bthe penalty area counteracts the throw of the dribler; In the given dribler situations: the defender opposes Driblvra, seeking to knock the ball from the enemy and save his. 4. Re-performing the varieties of knocking when driving a dribler and a defender in the corridor 2-3 m wide: 5. Performance of reception varieties with the subsequent mastering of the ball and the transition to attacking actions in training exercises and in the conditions of playing confrontation. Basic errors when knocking out a ball from the opponent's hands. 1. Slow defender actions: delaying with the beginning of the movement to knock out - the striker time to hide the ball after his catch. 2. Slow and soft shock movement on the ball - the attacker saves control over the ball or has time to react to knocking out, and the blow of the defender comes by hand (foul). When running the ball. 1. Intrant IP: Straight legs in a protective rack in place or when moving, the defender does not have time to adjust the attacker; Too close location from the attacker: the defender will allow Dribler at the time of the beginning of his passage with the leading, 2. Attempting to knock out the ball of the far from him with hand. The interception of the ball is carried out when it is transmitted or when it is conducted. The reception is studied after mastering the technique of catching and gear the ball in place and in motion. Training to intercept the ball when transferred. 1. Re-reacting to the movement of the ball by changing the protective position: with the player's guard on the side of the ball; With the guard of the player for the far from the ball side. 2. Performance of the reception after a pre-ordered weak transmission of the attacker when holding a player in various positions and situations: the striker awaits the transmission in place; The attacker starts going towards the ball. 56 3. Performance of admission as a whole in rolling games: "The struggle for the ball", "do not let the ball leading", etc. 4. Performance of receiving species in combination with subsequent attacking actions under the conditions of the game confrontation: 2 × 2, 3 × 3. Training to intercept the ball when he is conducted. 1. Performance of reception in place after the eponymous management of the attacker from the position, standing on the side of it. 2. Performance of the reception along the maintenance of dribler moving walking. 3. Performance of admission as a whole in rolling games and gaming tasks, including the conflict and dribler conflict. 4. Performances of this reception in preparatory and educational games with the installation of a teacher. Covering the ball can be reached, front and side of the attacker. Training to cover and beat the ball when throwing. 1. Multiple repulsion of suspended, like a pendulum, the ball in the high height jump. 2. Covering and chopping the ball from different and. P. in relation to the attacker, performing remote throws the ball from a place at a slow pace. 3. Perform the species of the studied reception when counteracting methods of throwing the ball in a hop. 4. Implementation of the studied protective techniques when counteracting the ball throw with one hand from above (from the shoulder, from the head) in motion: when throwing the ball in slow motion after one step from the scene; When throwing the ball in a slow pace after the oncoming or progressing transfer of the partner of the attacker and the subsequent dual-sized runway; With the varieties of throwing the ball in the movements performed with natural speed. 57 5. Crab reproduction of covering and chopping the ball when performing varieties of ball throws with a subsequent transition to attacking actions in a comprehensive exercise. Basic errors when carrying out and chopping the ball. 1. Ethrational and. P.: The player is located in a parallel protective rack, on straightened legs or with otsed hands - the timely start of the reception is difficult. 2. The defender does not hold the opponent's foot in the field of view: difficulties occur in determining the moment of the throw. 3. Slow or weak repulsion with socks, not from all over the foot: Lack of height jump for effective implementation Reception. 4. Incorrect arm movement: its removal with a grief, its incomplete straightening up, lowering his hands forward with an active pressure with a brush on the ball - foul when throwing. Taking a rebound An integral element of the game of basketball. For learning to take a rebound (mastering the ball in the struggle for the rebound), you should begin at the stage of improving throws. Learning to take a rebound. 1. Imitation of blocking a passive striker and mastering the ball with a bounce according to the visual sign of the teacher: raised or undressed up the ball, etc. 2. Mastering the rebound after its own pumping of the ball: in the top of the shield from the line of the free throw; In the long-range top of the shield with a side side of a three-second trapezium (at the level of the 2nd mustache). 3. Mastering a rebound from various source positions after the ball shots with different points in relation to the shield. 4. Performance of admission as a whole in the conditions of active confrontation "Defender-striker in the specified positions when throwing to a cart by a third player from different points in relation to the shield. 58 Main errors when taking a rebound. 1. Incorrect and. P.: The defender is located outside the game protective triangle, loses sight of the ball or ward; It is not on the line of the possible movement of the attacker to the basket or stands on direct legs. 2. The absence of a touch of contact with his back or bent hands with the attackers in the position for its blocking, straight legs in a protective rack - the opponent easily goes to the ball from behind the back of the defending player. 3. There is no oncoming movement to the ball after unlocking the attacker: the defender awaits the ball in place. 4. After girthing the ball in the air, the player does not cover it with a slope of the body and bending hands forward: it is possible to knock the ball to the opponent. 5. Lowering the ball down: There is a high probability of its loss. 59 Chapter VI. Tactical preparation of basketball players VI.1. Technology training tactical action tactics game is a rational, targeted use of methods and forms of conducting sports fighting, taking into account the peculiarities of a particular opponent and the developing conditions for playing confrontation. Basketball tactics consists of two large sections: attack tactics and protection tactics. In both sections, three groups are distinguished: individual, group, command actions. Training Tactics Games are beginning as the attack and protection technique mastered. In the process of learning, each section of the game tactics is distinguished by several stages. At the first stage, work is underway on developing specific qualities and abilities, which constitute the basis of successful tactical preparatory actions. Exercises for leading development Place of speed occupy reactions and orientations; Exercises for switching from some motor actions to other, mobile and sports games, special relay. At the second stage, tactical skills are purposefully formed during the improvement of technical techniques, individual tactical actions are learned. As the foundations are assimped by the foundations of the movement under the emerced, the reception is performed in the variable situations: in response to sound or visual signals; In response to changing the location of rivals or partners; The third stage of teaching the tactics of the game is aimed at mastering the tactical interactions of several players. 60 Any group action of players is learned in the following sequence: 1) the story and showing the scheme or demo board of interactions of several players; 2) learning the direction, the nature of the movements and the content of the action of each player directly on the site in the conditions of passive countering of the opponent and in slow motion pace; 3) reproduction of interaction at controlled speed and with limited activity of the opponent asked by a teacher; 4) the same, but with active counteraction in gaming conditions in a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe site; 5) the implementation of the interaction underway in a bilateral study game without any restrictions of the activity of attackers and defenders. Group actions of players make up the basis of various tactical systems of playing games in which all team players are involved, i.e. are structural components of command actions in attack and protection. The fourth stage is devoted to the development of interactions between all the players of the team located on the site. Commands are studied in the same sequence as group. In the course of training, players must first assign the initial placement on the site. Then they get acquainted in detail with the entire maneuvering and action scheme. Next is specified by individual units of interactions and, at the end, the actions of all players are rumped up again. The fifth stage of teaching the tactics of the game is the stage of comprehensive improvement of studied tactical actions. It is characterized by their multiple reproduction in different sequences and in different combinations in gaming conditions. These can be bilateral training games with various numerical 61 team makeup: with quantitative equality (2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 5 × 5) or inequalities (2 × 1, 3 × 2, 4 × 3, 5 × 4, etc.) players. Stimulate the execution of installations for the game can be promoted due to the accrual of additional premium points for the successful reproduction of specified technical and tactical actions or punishment in the form of imposition of "penalties" of sanctions by depriving already scored points in the absence of attempts to use them. When learning and improving all tactical actions, a clear explanation and a show of species of technical and tactical action in a particular gaming situation are necessary. VI.2. Training and improving the attack tactics VI.2.1. Inindividual tactical actions attack - the main function of the team in the game process. From planning, organizing and implementing attacking actions depends on the effectiveness and in a decisive degree of the final result of the sports fight. In accordance with the adopted classification of basketball tactics among individual actions, the attacks allocate the actions of the player without a ball and with the ball. The player's actions without a ball can be directed to the exemption from the guardianship of the defender and exit to a convenient position to obtain the ball either for mastering the ball rebound when the partner's unsuccessful throw. Training to get a ball. 1. Rods on sound and visual signals from various and. P: Standing face, back or sideways to the direction of movement; Sitting on the floor (legs together, the legs apricious bent the legs); lying on the back or chest; standing on his knees. 2. Exemption from the guardianship guardianship from the place after FINTA is extruded, a crossed step or turn. 62 3. Performing a free space to get a ball from a partner in combination with other game techniques: Exit - Stop from fishing - throw from place or in a jump; outlet in motion; Exit - pass - throw; Exit - passage - stop after keeping - throw from place or in a jump; Exit - passage - transmission - "Catching" partner, etc. 4. Exemption from the passive guardianship of the defender in motion: the opponent moves back the back forward or retreats with the palm steps in the stand-forward foot, the striker exits the shift of the movement rate or due to the combination of fins. 5. Performing a series of player's action without a ball in movable preparatory games for basketball games: "Fight for the ball", "10 gears". Education to master the ball with a rebound. 1. Re-executing the exit to master the ball with a rebound from a given position with serial throws from different points relative to the basket. 2. Performing a variety of exit for mastering the rebound in the conditions of the game configuration "striker-defender" without any restrictions in their actions (throws perform the third player). 3. Situational fulfillment of varieties of studied technical and tactical action in the variational conditions of the game confrontation: 2 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3 i.d. Basic errors when performing individual tactical actions of a player without a ball. 1. Disadvantageous initial position: a review is difficult, the striker is located on the path of the player passing with the ball, or on the line of possible transfer to another partner, or outside the reach of the ball rebound. 63 2. Fine actions: a premature or late access to a free place - a partner is also no longer ready for the transfer of the ball to the liberating player or a throw on the basket, or the defender reliably blocked the striker and took the most profitable position for selection. 3. Ineffective liberation from the guardianship of the defender: the absence of a short-term convergence or breaking of the distance with the opponent either FINTA before entering free space; sluggish, not enough fast movement to a new position. Actions player with a ball. Technical methods of the player who owns the ball serve as individual tactical actions: varieties of fishing, gear, maintenance and throws. Consequently, the learning process of basic elements of basketball techniques is advisable to build using a situational approach each reception is studied under conditions that simulate gaming. Individual tactical actions using catching and transfering the ball. Fishing the ball, as a rule, precedes the output of the attacker to the free position. Another requirement for it is not to look directly to the transmitting partner, but see the ball due to peripheral vision. The transfer of the ball is the main element of the technology when the ball is drawing. This technique allows you to solve several tasks in the process of organizing the attack. In the initial stage of attacking actions in order to create conditions for a rapid attack, the so-called first pass is used. The entry of the development of the attack at a positional attack use the design transmissions for medium and short distances. For the final phase, attacks are characterized by attacking transmissions, thanks to which the attacker is excreted. Training with individual tactical action using catching and transfering the ball. 64 1. Alternation of varieties of fishing and transfer of the ball in place in combination with turns and subsequent after the release of the ball with motor actions: fishing - a combination of turns on the spot (forward - back) - transmission; Transfer - sit down - Stand in I.P. - catching the ball; Transfer - Kuvokes forward (back) - Stop in and. p. - catching the ball; Catching the ball - a combination of turns in place (forward - back) - Transfer - a jump with a push with two legs with a turn of 360 ° - to get up in and. Clause 2. Alternation of varieties of transmissions in place followed by movement (follow or away from the ball) and fishing at a specified point point. 3. Execution of the method of transmission in place through "weak zones" in the passive protector rack followed by movement in a predetermined direction and receiving reverse transmission. 4. Alternation of methods of gear "Through" the defender; Directions and trajectories of the ball of the ball in combination with turns on the spot preceding the release of the ball. 5. Performing varieties of catch and gear balls in motion, overcoming passive, and then active opposition to one or more defenders in a numerical situation of attackers: 3 × 1, 2 × 1, 3 × 2, etc. 6. Performing varieties of fishing and gearbox balls in place and in motion in conditions of game confrontation without restrictions of activity and initiatives of attackers and defenders. Main errors when performing individual tactical actions using the fishing and gear of the ball. 1. Not enough fast, accurate or sharp reproduction of technical reception; Violation of transmission techniques (slow, weak or inaccurate Paz) or fishing - it is possible to loss the ball. 2. An erroneous selection of the method of transmission, direction or trajectory of a ball of a ball when determining the "weak zone" in the counter of the defender. 65 3. Static the actions of the transmitting and receiving players. 4. Using unnecessary fingers preceding. 5. Violation of the rhythm structure of the combination of the FINT-transmission. Individual tactical actions using the goal. The opponent's opponent in motion when conducting the ball is produced by changing the rhythm, pace, speed and directions, skillful hiding the ball and the timely translation of the ball with his hands on the hand. For the beat of the defender, use the ball with turns in motion. Training with individual tactical actions using the goal. 1. Maintaining one or two goals on the spot with an alternate change in the position of the brush on the ball: with the girth of the ball in front, behind, directing it (their) consistently back and forth. 2. Maintaining without visual control over the ball on the specified segments of the distance. 3. Foaming the active defender at the beginning of the maintenance in combination with the subsequent high-speed passage: the striker uses the entire arsenal of fraudulent movements, the defender actively opposes only the beginning of the passage. 4. Keeping the ball with a change in the height of the rebound, direction and speed of movement with the transfer of the ball with the hand on the hand in front of themselves in the specified areas of the site. 5. Active martial arts "Dribeler-Defender" in limited areas of the site: in a given corridor, in a three-second trapezium, in the central circle, etc. 6. Maintaining a ball in combination with other individual technical activism: exit, fishing and transfers, throws (as they are developed) in a specific gaming position. 66 Basic errors when performing individual tactical actions using the goal. 1. Unjustified use of the ball: the monograph of the ball on the spot after mastering them - the player deprives himself maneuvering and creates prerequisites for group selection of the ball from the enemy. 2. Technical errors at the beginning or in the course of keeping the ball: the separation of the support leg before the release of the ball is a run; Excessively long girth of the ball when performing a translation from hand to hand - retention of the ball. 3. Lack of shelting the ball of the torso and a free hand when he is transferred with his hands on his hand or keeping the ball near the opponent's hand, the likely threat of a ball loss. 4. Incomotiated work of hands and legs when playing a defender: Transfer the ball with a hand to hand ahead of the corresponding movements or lags behind them - loss of equilibrium or control over the ball leading to the loss of the ball. 5. Slow transition from running the ball to the following actions: A player first finishes the playing of the ball, and then begins to assess the situation - the defenders have time to restore the position and take effective countermeasibility. Individual tactical actions using ball throws in the basket. Throwing the ball is the ultimate goal of the attacking action of the team. Only those of them are tactically justified, which are prepared by all previous actions of the players are carried out from advantageous positions in a situation where partners are ready to participate in the struggle for the bounced ball, or a shifter movement provokes rivals to an error. Training with individual tactical actions using ball throws in the basket. 1. Alternating the varieties of positional shots of the ball from the place and in the jump from different points towards the shield. 67 2. Continuous execution of balls of the ball alternately and left hand from a shield with a double rhythm of the work of the foot: Having mastered the ball after his selection, the player without a pause makes a ball in motion with a rebound from the shield on the right, to the left of the basket. 3. Perform the varieties of balls of the ball in motion (from above, above head, bottom) with obtaining it from a partner, varying your own and. p., the direction of exit and its location relative to the shield at the time of the ball is released as well. P. transmitting partner: Throws after counter, diagonal, lateral and translational gears at a different angle to the shield. 4. Performing the species of balls of the ball from the place, in the jump in motion and after conducting the ball in combination with the preceding FINT: on the passage; to transfer; On a throw. 5. Continuous recruitment of the ball into the basket from under the shield in the conditions of passive countering of the defender: for a limited period of time or to a given number of goals scored. 6. The variational performance of the varieties of the balls of the ball in the changing situations of the game confrontation: in gaming tasks, in preparatory and educational games. Main errors when performing individual tactical actions using ball throws in the basket. 1. Internal choice of the method of throwing a ball either his flight path: performing a ball throw from under the shield to the defender of the hand; The use of the ball rebound from the shield at an angle is less than 15 ° or more than 45 ° in relation to it; Too high or low flight path, provoked by the actions of the defender, and the like. - Small probability of performance of a ball throw or creating prerequisites for covering a ball throw a rival. 68 2. Distortion of the rhythm-temporal structure of the throw of the throw on: excessively slow preparatory phase; Unreasonably high or low position of the ball at the time of its release; Unjustified delay in the release of the ball The defender has time to effectively counteract the throw. 3. Inefficient fulfillment of a combination of technical and tactical actions, ending with a ball: not enough to quickly execute the preceding receptions; violation of the consistency of the movements of the upper and lower extremities; Unreasonable pause when moving from other gaming actions to throws. VI.2.2. Group tactical actions Group actions in the attack are based on agreed interactions of two or three players and make up the basis of the command game in the attack. The interaction of two players. According to the classification, several varieties of interactions of two players are distinguished: "Pass the ball and withdraw", barriers, "twice", guidance and intersection. Training to group tactical interaction in attacks with the participation of two players "Pass the ball and come out." 1. Performing interaction in a streaming exercise 2 × 1 with the passive resistance of the defender. 2. Performing varieties of interaction under the conditions of active counteraction of the defender in the game exercise "1 × 1 with intermediate": martial arts is carried out without limitation of the activity of the defender; An intermediate player takes a fixed position at a given point point and can be used by an attacker player only to transfer it the ball and obtain a reverse pass. 3. Performing interaction in 2 × 2 game confrontation with an attack in one basket. 4. Reproduction of varieties of studied tactical interaction in bilateral educational games with the installation of a teacher. 69 Training to group tactical interaction in attacking two Two players. 1. Holding the mobile game "Third End": Playing are located in pairs in a circle; Outside the circle are driving and running, and in and, p. They are at a distance of 5 - 6 m from each other; The task of the leading is to catch up with running away and rally it, in this case they change roles; A running player at any time can take a position ahead of any couple, after touching the back of the back of the back of the standing partner, which is a signal to run from the leading. 2. Performing the interaction of "Two" without a throw in the basket in the conditions of passive countering of the defender: engaged in the exercises in the top three; In the initial arrangement of the attacker without a ball, a passive defender opposes, on the side and a little ahead of this couple there is a player with a ball (the defendants face the opponent's basket, the defender - to the attacker's sweeping); Starting the exercise, the player with the ball performs the transfer to the partner and rushes after the ball for setting the fall of the rear from the defender; The striker who received the ball performs a fint-pass with keeping the ball under the barrier and followed by a stop in the previous position of the player with the ball. Next, the role is shown: the defender becomes the place of the attacker to them, and the player who put the barrier is to the position of the defender, etc. 3. Performing the interaction of "Two" with the formulation of the front assistance and the subsequent attack by the cast from the middle distance from under the assumption: the player who passed the ball to the partner, puts a barrier between him and his defender; The striker who received the ball makes Fint on the pass or transfer the ball and attacks the basket with a remote throw of the ball from a place or in a jump. 4. Performing the varieties of the interaction of "Two" in the conditions of the game confrontation "2 × 2 in one basket". 70 Learning to group tactical interactions in the attack with the participation of two players using barbed varieties. 1. Implementing the interaction with the use of falling "Screen": the interaction of two attackers without a ball using falling down in motion in a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe site; The task for the defender to break through to the guardian attacker and hand to touch his back; The interaction of the striker without a ball and dribler: the defender defended by the striker owns the ball and moves arbitrarily with keeping the ball; Implementation of the interaction in general in the conditions of passive countering of the defender with an attack of the basket after the transaction: to set an assistance, the player constantly occupies the position between the partner and the defendant's guarding; After completing each interaction, the roles are shown clockwise, then counterclockwise. 2. Implementation of interaction with the use of intersection: a) without a ball in a streaming exercise with movement of two columns: Each pair of players at the same time starts moving in the direction of the penalty line, exercising an intersection at a point indicated by the portable pillar (the order of promotion of players is set in advance), and After going down the shield returns to and. P.; b) performing the interaction with the ball, alternating possible options for completing the attack: the player with the ball passes first, after the intersection reports it to a partner, and that attacks a throw from under the shield; The player with the ball from the spot reports its partner and passes the first, and the Dribeler uses the intersection for liberation from the guardianship and unhindered passage to the shield; c) After completing the interactions, the ball returns to and. p. and engaged in places; (c) Performing variations of interaction at various positions of attackers in the conditions of active counteraction of one (two) defenders by varying the way to complete the attack on the situation. 71 Main errors when performing varieties of group tactical interactions in the attack with the participation of two players. 1. The irrationality and non-existence of individual actions: excessive fond of finites or their absence; bad (weak or inaccurate) attacking; Slow, indecisive or hasty output (pass). 2. Disagreement of the actions of the players: Premature start of action or a delay in the exit or passage of the striker: the partner is not ready for the transfer, the barrier is not yet delivered, or the defender is ready to oppose him; Loading with settling or performing response when developing interaction: there is no continuation of the attack. The interaction of three players. In modern basketball from the interactions of the three players "Triangle", "Troika", the largest "small spread of the eight", "fragrant have: exit", "dwelled barrier" and "guidance on two players." Training to group tactical interaction in the attack with the participation of three "Triangle" players. 1. Implementing the interaction in the situation of numerical superiority of the attackers (3 × 1, 3 × 2) on site and in motion without an attack basket: mobile games, for example: "Do not let the ball leading", etc., requiring multiple transmissions between partners without loss ball. 2. Repeated interaction with the attack of the basket at a positional drawing of the ball in the rival zone, overcoming passive, and then the active resistance of one, two defenders: methods of completion of the attacks vary are produced after the number of attackers specified in terms of the situation. 72 Defenders replacing the repetitions of the task 3. The streaming of interaction with the attack of the rivals basket after the speed movement of the attackers along the site: players move from one basket to another in the arrangement for the "triangle" interaction, continuously transmitting the ball with each other through the neighbor (medium) partner and completing the attack throw from a convenient position; After graduating from the high-speed attack, engaged along the side lines return to and. P.; The next top of the players begins the exercise as soon as the previous central line will pass, etc. Training to group tactical interaction in the attack with the participation of three players "Troika". 1. Implementation of interaction without resistance of defenders in a streaming exercise: the positions of the defenders are indicated by portable training racks or their analogues; The attack completes the throw in motion from under the shield freed by a barrier of the partner player after receiving the heading from the third attacker; The position of the positions are made counterclockwise. 2. Performing varieties of interaction under investigation in the conditions of passive counteraction of one, two defenders in a streaming exercise: the change of positions is made after the attack is completed by moving along or counterclockwise - in the direction of the first transfer of the ball. 3. Reproving the types of "Troika" with overcoming the active counteraction of defenders: the number of defenders gradually increase to three; The change of functions between the attackers and advocates is made after the specified number of repetitions of interaction. Training to group tactical interaction in the attack with the participation of the three players "Small Eight." 1. Implementation of the interaction without an attack of the basket and in the absence of resistance: cyclic movement is carried out according to specified landmarks on the site. 73 2. Re-execute varieties of interaction in the conditions of unlimited activity of protection: Change of roles between the attackers and advocates are made after a given number of attacks by each top players. 3. Performing varieties of the interaction of "Malaya Eight" in bilateral educational games with the installation of a teacher. Training to group tactical interaction in an attack with the participation of three "scratched output" players. 1. Implementation of the interaction without resistance of defenders in a streaming exercise: After completing the attack, the ball is transmitted to and. P.; Players who have committed the intersection are changed by places at the end of their columns; The player's change in the position of the center is made after the specified number of repetitions of interaction. 2. Performing varieties of interaction in the conditions of passive countering of two, and then three defenders: the defenders first take over only players performing the intersection, and then the exercise includes a centered guardian. 3. Re-execute varieties of the interaction under study under conditions of active counteraction of defenders: change the roles after the specified number of repetitions of the task of each top players. 4. Reproduction of varieties of the interaction of "scratch output" in bilateral educational games with the installation of a teacher. Training by group tactical interactions in attacks with the participation of three players "dual barrier" and "Guideline on two players". 1. Implementation of interaction without resistance of defenders in a streaming exercise: the positions of the defenders are denoted by portable training racks; The dual barrel of the attacker is freed from the guardianship for the passage, or it opens with the help of guidance on two partners to perform a remote throw; Change of positions are made after each completion of the attack. 74 2. Re-executing the varieties of the interaction under study in the conditions of active counteraction of defenders: Defenders are prohibited to anticipate the actions of the attackers. 3. Performing varieties of interactions "dual barrier" and "guideline on two players" in double-sided games with the installation of the teacher. Main errors when performing varieties of group tactical interactions in attacking with the participation of three players. 1. Invalid initial location of the players; The necessary actions are difficult. 2. Inefficient barriers: rivals successfully oppose them. 3. Intrational development of attacks without taking into account the situation in the site: extra figs, transfer, maintenance of the ball; Attacks do not fully use the fully received advantage. VI.2.3. Command Tactical Actions Command Actions are built on the interaction of all players and the reflection of them serve certain games in the attack. Allocate two main types of teams organization: a rapid attack and a positional attack. Rapid attack. The successful implementation of this type of building the attack is possible when using two command actions systems: a quick breakthrough and early attack. Training varieties of rapid attack. 1. Re-execute options for the initial phase of the rapid breakthrough: the selection of the rebound is the first transmission to the partner to the near side line - jerk after the transfer: the player with the ball seizes the rebound after its own pinch in the shield from the penalty line, performs a targeted first transmission to the partner opening on the side , makes a jerk after the transmission performed and returns to and. P.; The striker received the ball using high-speed maintenance, the first ranks on the line of the free throw; Exercise is repeated with changing roles. 75 2. Re-executing the components of command actions in the phases of the beginning and development of a quick breakthrough: Selection of the ball bounced from the shield - transferring to the separation to the running partner - high-speed dribbling with a displacement in the middle of the site: engaged with the ball itself sends it to the top of the shield, mastering them in high jump and sends to the side of the side line "on the move" to the partner; After the first transfer to the separation, the player should be in the corner of the site and occupies the position of the players without a ball, preparing for the start; And the striker who received the ball makes the high-speed dribbling through the middle at the end of the column of basketball players on the line of the penalty throw from the opposite shield; The exercise is performed counterclockwise, and then in the opposite direction; Interception of the ball is the first transmission - high-speed dribbling accompanied by a partner: in and. p. Ball in rivals in a situation of 2 × 2 on a perimeter of a three-way arc; The player with the ball deliberates the transmission across the platform, provoking interception (knowingly weak or mounted); The player performing interception begins high-speed driving through the middle of the site, the partner with a parallel jerk accompanies Dribler to the rivals zone; There both players occupy the positions of attackers and in turn create the conditions for intercepting the ball another pair of engaged, etc. 3. The stream performing the varieties of command actions in the final attack phase by a rapid breakthrough with overcoming the passive and active counteraction of defenders in the conditions of the numerical majority of the attackers: the interaction of two players "Pass the ball and go out" in the advanced zone (from the central line) in a 2 × 1 situation: attackers attack at speed; Defender's change is made in case of unsuccessful (erroneous) actions of attacking; 76 Crab use of studied group tactical interactions with an attack from the central line in situations 2 × 1, 3 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3: The attackers and advocates act without any restrictions of activity. 4. Interrelated implementation of command actions components in the beginning, development phases and completion of the attack by quick breakthrough: the selection of the rebound is a long transmission to the separation - a high-speed passage accompanied by a partner with the reverse direction in the opposite direction; Selection of rebound - the output of the ball - transmission when moving along the site. 5. Performing a rapid breakthrough species as a whole under conditions of active counteraction of rivals at various sites of the site: exercises that simulate possible options for countering defenders. 6. Phasene reproduction of the studied variant of the echelonized fast breakthrough with the participation of the entire five players: high-speed maneuvering of attackers with a ball and without a ball from the corresponding arrangement according to a given scheme; Perform options for the study of the combination without resistance of defenders. 7. Performing an early attack version: Slow reproduction of interactions of players from the initial arrangement in the opponent's zone with the analysis of possible options for completion of the attack; the same but increasing the speed of command actions; The same, but overcoming passive, and then the active resistance of defenders at various stages of attacking actions. 77 8. Reproduction of varieties of rapid attack in bilateral training games with a teacher's installation. Basic errors when performing varieties of rapid attack. 1. Slow transition from protective actions to attacking: the first transmission delay by the player, mastered the ball: long-term decision making or leisurely performing movements. 2. Irregular development of the rapid counterattack: poor support for the development of attack by other strikers: the ball is ahead of players breaking through the flanks, and at the resistance meeting requires forced transfer back - defenders are given the opportunity to restore positions; The lack of escorting the second echelon attacking players - with rapid counterators, the completion of the rapid attack becomes impossible. 3. Inefficient completion of a quick breakthrough: extra transfer of the ball between attacking players: transfers for gear or lack of determination among attackers - defenders have time to organize their basket defense; Invalid choice of the way the final throw: the attacker ignores the arrangement of rivals and makes a throw near the defender of the hand; Does not take into account its position regarding the shield or distance to the basket and does not use when the shield is bounce or the most reliable to enter this situation, the type of throw is reduced - the likelihood of bringing the high-speed attacking actions of the entire command to a logical completion is reduced. 4. Positioning attack. In cases where the team fails to bring the attack of a rapid attack to a logical completion, then players of the attacking team move to a longer drawing of the ball such an attack is called positional. 78 5. There are two positions of the position attack: through the center (one or two) and without a center player. Training varieties of a positional attack. 1. Phasery performing group interactions included in the component into the combination studied. 2. Slow maneuvering of all players from the initial arrangement according to a given scheme and with an appropriate sequence of actions. 3. Reproduction of the combination as a whole, overcoming passive, and then the active resistance of several defenders at certain stages of attackers interactions. 4. Alternatively perform learning combinations of a positional attack in the game exercise "Attack five": two five players are confronted on the same shield; In case of mastering the ball, the defending team moves to offensive actions with an attack in the opposite basket, where the third five is counteracting for it, and the opponents remain without the ball occupy a protective arrangement and expect another attack on their shield; If the attacking actions are successful, the same five saves the ball and attacks another shield; The transition from protection to the attack occurs without resistance, the opposition turns out to be only with a positional drawing of the ball in the advanced zone. Basic errors when performing species of the positional attack: 1. The initial location of the players is irrational for the playful combination: excessive distance or proximity to the basket or partners is difficult to keep the corresponding time parameters of the attack. 2. Unprepared by the end of the ball throw in a situation where the partners continue to be engaged in the interaction and are not able to engage in the fight for the rebound on the shield: "Throw on Avos" is a high probability of loss of the ball and a response speed counterattack of rivals. 79 3. Excessive standardization of command actions, template when playing them without taking into account the situation in the site: the absence of improvisation in the course of the combination draw in response to proceedings taken by the defenders. VI.3. Training and improvement of protection tactics VI.3.1. Individual tactical actions The successful protection game largely determines the summary of the sports rivalry of basketball players. Individual action in defense is two types: against the attacker without a ball and against the striker who owns the ball. Actions against the attacker without a ball are predetermined by the solution of two main tasks: 1) Do not allow the opponent to be revealed to obtain a ball or to take a rebound; 2) Being ready to assist the partner on a dangerous plot of defense. Training with individual tactical actions against an attacker without a ball. 1. Countering the outlet of the attacker without a ball in a situation of 1 × 1 when moving players along the platform from one front line to another in a given corridor. 2. Multiple shift of the protective rack and position relative to a fixed guarding striker in response to moving the ball around the perimeter of the attackers' arims in a situation of 1 × 1: sequentially in the near and far from the ball, the parties flew to and in a specific game situation (with centered, forward care or Defender). 3. Performing blocking a passive striker without a ball in a situation of struggle for the rebound after throwing another attacker: when casting from various positions; Variating the initial location of the opposing couple in relation to the ball and the basket. 80 4. Reproduction of combinations of promoted individual tactical actions of the defender against an attacker without a ball under the conditions of the game confrontation: Gaming tasks like "1 × 1 with intermediate". Basic errors when performing individual tactical actions against an attacker without a ball. 1. Ineffective and. P. At the care of the player on the side of the ball: the defender is located behind the ward or at a respectful distance from it - it is impossible to prevent the ball to the attacker; In a closed rack with the guard of the forward or center, hands are omitted, there is no leg exhibition or body extension from the side of the ball - the striker receives a positional advantage. 2. Loss of visual control over the game situation: The defender turns his back to the ball either to the ward - "turns off" from the command game or makes the "yawn" of the ward. 3. An unproductive guarding guard in a limited area (three-second trapezium): The defender passes the attacker in front of itself turns out to be further from the ball than its ward - loss of opportunity to prevent the preparation of effective transmission; The defender, being in front of the attacker, is too long to nominate towards it: does not control its location of the loss of the ability to prevent the attacking attacking attacking. 4. Inefficient blocking of the attacker, going to the selection or finishing the ball: an irrational initial location: The defender is further from the basket than its ward, the striker receives a positional advantage; 81 Lack of convergence with the opponent before performing a blocking rotation - the ward easily bypass the barrier; The blocking rotation is made on the far towards the direction of movement of the opponent's foot - the striker fluidly passes by the defender. Actions against the striker who owns the ball is aimed at preventing effective attacking techniques, such as the transfer of the ball, passing with dribbling, throw a ball. Training with individual tactical actions against the striker who owns the ball. 1. Multiple adoption of a protective rack, an adequate position of the attacker who has mastered the ball. 2. Re-opposition to the implementation of attacking gears and transmissions into the depth of defense in specific game situations when the attacker is detected in various positions. 3. Countering the varieties of remote throws in a given way (from place or in a jump) in various positions in relation to the player who owns the ball, and the defendant basket. 4. Countering the varieties of throw in motion after receiving the ball by striker in a limited (three-second) zone. The defender does not interfere with the strike of the attacker, allows him to get the ball from one of the partners, but actively opposes the throw in motion (the order of attacking gear indicates a teacher in advance or is determined by transmitting players by agreement); The defender actively opposes both the striker to receive the ball and the throw itself in motion in the chosen way; The striker can change the direction of its movement, and the attacking transmission is carried out by transmitters. 82 Alternately every 5. Counteraction to the varieties of passage-throw from various positions: the defender sends a dribler to a favorable side for further counteraction, followed by an attempt to cover or beat off the ball when driving. 6. Multiple reproduction of combinations of individual technical activism when holding a player with a ball in gaming tasks and preparatory mobile games for basketball. Main errors in the implementation of individual tactical actions against the striker who owns the ball. 1. With the guard of the attacker, owning the ball: the irrational initial location of the defender in relation to the player player with the ball; Unreasonable rapprochement with a player who did not use the ball, - the striker has the opportunity to beat the defender at the beginning of the goal; Remote arrangement of the defender in relation to the attack that completed dribbling - the attacker has time to prepare and perform a targeted remote throw or effectively; Countering the attacker with an emphasis on the selection of the ball, and not to receive a positional advantage - a high probability of failure in defense or committing unreasonable personal remark; Turning off the defender from the game after an effective single technical and tactical action against the player with the ball: there is no muffin and continuity in the actions of the defendant - the striker will easily beat the defender at the time of his passivity. 2. When counteracting the attackers, having a numerical advantage: Passive actions of the defender: the defender "presses" to his shield - the strikers will easily play "superfluous"; 83 Fastless (adventurous) actions: The defender frankly goes into the selection of the ball - the attackers "cut off" his timely transmission forward. VI.3.2. Group tactical actions Tactical group actions are constructed on a combination of varieties of tactical individual actions. They are based on the interaction of two or three players and are subordinated to the solution of defensive tasks of the team. The interaction of two protection players. Among the ways of interaction between two players, when playing the protection, the protection and slipping, as well as the organization of the group selection of the ball and opposing the attackers in the numerical minority are distinguished. Training by group tactical actions in defense. 1. The implementation of interactions with two defenders under the conditions of passive (slow) actions of the attackers: repeated opposition to the side turning switching in a situation of 2 × 2 with progress along the site; Counteraction "Double" switching and slipping in a streaming exercise with an attack in one basket; Countering the defenders to the interactions of attackers in the situation of a numerical minority of 2 × 3 in a streaming exercise with an attack in one basket - defenders occupy positions one by one and meet attackers on a three-point arc; Each attack begins from the central line. 2. Implementation of interactions with three defenders in the conditions of passive (slow) actions of attackers opposition "Troika" by switching and slipping in a streaming exercise with an attack in the basket; Countering the "small eight" repeated reuse of switching; 84 Countering the "dual challenge" switching and slipping with shift and. n. confront players and attack directions; The interaction of three defenders in a numerical minority situation is 3 × 4 with an attack in one basket - defenders are changing through the zone principle, located in and. p. 3. Performing species of group tactical interactions with two and three defenders under conditions of active game confrontation 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 with an attack in one basket: the attackers vary attacking actions; Defenders use varieties of continued countermeasures. 4. Performing species of studied group interactions when playing in bilateral training games with a teacher's installation. Basic errors when performing group tactical actions in defense. 1. Invoyability and inconsistency of interactions: the lack of mutual understanding between protection partners - the attackers receive a positional advantage. 2. Unequented exchange of attackers when switching: Low protector switches to the inconsistency in the configuring tall level - and vice versa, the skill attackers may again or have been observed formed successfully steam to use the resulting advantage for attack through the "weak link" in defense. 3. The irrational sequence of defender movements when slipping: a player who has a konder who owns the ball or receiving it, performs retreating instead of slipping, and its partner is the opposite; Or both defendants make the same maneuver, facing themselves, - the striker receives greater freedom of action and is exempt from the guardianship of the defender. 85 4. Positional error in the initial location of the defenders when playing in a numerical minority: Defenders are located in one line across the site - the exit of the back of the back to the defenders and the timely transmission of the ball ahead "cut off" all the defendants from the future to prevent the development of the head attack. VI.3.3. Command Tactical Actions The agreed actions of all players in the defense team ensure reliable defense of their basket and create a good basis for a successful attack game. In this regard, command actions in defense are divided into three types: concentrated, dispersed and mixed protection. Training with team tactical action in defense. 1. Performing opposition on the personal or zone principle in situations 1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4 on a limited area of \u200b\u200bthe site or throughout the site without an attack of the basket. 2. Performing an initial arrangement corresponding to the studied protection system, all five players. 3. Command configuration of 5 × 5 on one half of the site without an attack of the basket with the subsequent return of the attackers to the rear zone (to its shield) or the construction of the initial arrangement at a given part of the site in accordance with the principles of the studied protection system: according to the teacher's signal; With the loss of the ball. 4. Multiple execution of the studied version of command tactical actions in protection in the conditions of active game confrontation on a pre-limited area (half, three quarters of the site, etc.) with an attack in one basket. 5. Variation of teams of command actions drag along the game confrontation according to the instructions of the teacher. 86 Basic errors when performing command tactical actions in defense. 1. Ineffective actions with a personal protection system: an unequal "analysis" of the attackers: some defenders have to patronically observe them in terms of the skill of rivals - in defensive orders, potentially "weak links" are formed; Excessive concentration of the defender on the ward in the position on the far from the ball side of the site: there is no substitution in the active zone of the attack of rivals - the enemy can effectively use a weak game in protecting individual players. 2. Ineffective actions under the zone protection system: the wide arrangement of opponents defending in the initial arrangement or along the attack of rivals: the mutual assistance of partners of the attackers may break into; basket at the expense of individual actions; Poor countering of transmissions inside the zone construction of the players: the defender does not have due "pressure" on the ball, and partners are loyal to the incoming attackers - the enemy gets the opportunity to effectively complete the attack from the rings. 3. Inefficient actions with personal pressure: large stretchability of protective lines: difficulties arise with the organization of group selection of the ball - the attackers have the opportunity to beat the defending one in one; Positional miscalculations for the care of rivals without a ball: Defenders launch attackers behind the back at the beginning of the attack or in the course of its development - threatens the diagonal transfer of the running troc through the defenders and the unimpeded completion of attacking actions. 87 4. Ineffective actions for zone press: the irrational actions of the players of the first line of the zone in structure when transferring the ball through them in the middle of the site: defenders are trying to counteract the player who received the ball, instead of performing a rapid jerk in the rear zone to restore protective positions - protection "collapses; Disadvantages of players of functional protection of countering quickly - preparedness are tired by attackers and defending: reduced painless activity cope with pressure and make a fracture in the game. 5. Ineffective actions with a mixed protection system: characteristic errors inherent in its components of personal and zone systems; The lack of consistency of the interactions of players who are defended on the principles of the personal or zone protection system there are no debatable teams. 88 Chapter VII. Pedagogical control and accounting in the preparation of basketball players VII.1. The main forms and methods of pedagogical control under pedagogical control should be understood as a system for obtaining information about the state of an athlete, about the course of the training process and the execution of team preparation plans and athletes. The main task of the control is not so much to mark the actual state of affairs, certain disadvantages, as in the ability on the basis of the information obtained in a timely manner to make relevant adjustments in order to increase the effectiveness of the preparation process. Pedagogical control can be carried out both in the process of training sessions and in the process of competition. In the process, exercise training on the following pedagogical main forms is carried out: control attributes engaged in the training process; Efficiency of applied training tools; Conditions of training. The control over the ratio of athletes to classes is carried out according to the accounting of attendance, according to the assessment of behavior and activities involved in classes. The evaluation criterion is data on the regularity of visits to occupations, the degree of manifestation of activity engaged in the process of activity and independence, hard work and perseverance, focusing and discipline. The applied training tools are controlled by entries in the journal of training sessions. Openly criterion is the degree of compliance of the content of the training session planned. 89 Training loads are controlled in three directions: the volume, intensity and portability of the loads involved. When monitoring the volume of training loads, the duration of each occupation time spent on separate exercises and preparation sections is recorded. The intensity of training loads is checked by means of conditional determination of the intensity of each exercise and each training session (maximum, medium, small). Control over the effectiveness of the applied training tools is carried out on the sections of the preparation. Work on the physical (general and special) exercise the quality of the shown and technical and training systematic performances. The results are verified by visual criteria for control monitoring observations - exercises for compliance with planned individual tasks. Tactical preparation control is to make periodic estimates in exercises and games. Evaluation Criterion is the degree of efficiency of performing game action in defense I attack, taking into account the players performed by players. Psychological training is controlled by periodic assessments exposed to players for the manifestation of them: the purposefulness, courage and decisiveness in the game actions in defense and attack; Gaming extracts and self-control, will in the fight against fatigue at large training loads, feelings of the partnership. Evaluation criterion is the degree of manifestation of these qualities. Control over theoretical preparation is carried out on credits and interviews on specified topics. The degree of knowledge is engaged in this case the evaluation criterion. 90 Control of the implementation of the exercise and fixation degree of control training and fixation is performed by the indicators of self-control (weight, sleep, appetite, well-being). Assessment criterion can be considered comparison of the results shown by players in control exercises, as well as comparing self-control data with the main indicators and data of medical control. Pedagogical control in the competition process is carried out on the following sections: the attitude of the participants to the competition; performing individual players and team of the tactical plan of the game and the effectiveness of their actions; Technical indicators of players and teams; Portability by players of competitive loads. The attitude of the players to the competition is verified by assessing the behavior of players before the competition, during the game and after, its endings. The evaluation criterion is the degree of manifestation of discipline and initiative players in all gaming actions, gaming extracts and self-control, will to victory. Control over the implementation of individual players and team as a whole, the tactical plan of the game and control over their actions is carried out by issuing assessments by players and team for creative implementation in the game of individual, group and team tasks and for the success of their actions in attack and protection. The evaluation criterion is the degree of execution by players and the team of the tactical plan of the game and the degree of success of their actions in the attack and protection. Technical indicators of the team as a whole and individual players are controlled using the following basic technical indicators: throws (from playing and penal), take the ball, bouncing from their shield and the enemy shield, the loss of the ball, effective gear, etc. The compliance of the results shown by the planned individual and command tasks is the evaluation criterion. 91 The tolerance of external competitive signs, on complaints of loads, the fatigue is determined, software reduction in the performance of gaming actions (especially when performing throws and under protection), to deteriorate the behavior of the player (loss of excerpt and composure, irritability, etc.). A total evaluation for the game is made up of estimates obtained by a basketball player in all sections of control, log in logs or coach. Pedagogical control is carried out not only in the process of training sessions and competitions. It should, if possible, cover the multifaceted activity of an athlete. It is important to know to what extent in the extent informed in the classroom and competition competitions in the skills are transferred to production activities, study, life. Pedagogical control methods. For the implementation of pedagogical control apply: pedagogical observation; Objective and expert (subjective) assessment of the results of the training process and competitions; analysis and synthesis of data of pedagogical, medical control, accounting and self-control; Conversations, survey, check, offset, study behavior engaged in everyday life, at work, study. The method of pedagogical observation is used in the process of classes and competitions. At the same time, the field of view of the coach is the behavior of engaged, activity, emotional state, the discipline of the exercises and tasks, as well as how they transfer training and competitive loads. The objective assessment method is used to evaluate high-quality shifts in engaged. It is carried out with the help of various registering devices and devices, filming and video recordings, control exercises systems by type of preparation and system of control tasks for technical and tactical indicators in competitions. 92 Method expert assessments It serves to evaluate those indicators that are not subject to objective assessment (for example, an assessment of the quality of mastering assignments, determination), and switching, also for the manifestation of a comprehensive initiative, (total) assessment of the preparedness of players by types of training (physical, technical, tactical, psychological) and To assess their participation in training classes and competitions. With a comprehensive assessment, the components that are included in the comprehensive assessment are determined, then give an estimate for each component, and then, depending on private estimates, it is derived a general assessment. Expert estimates are developed for estimates. Typically, a five-point estimate system (5 - "excellent", 4 - "good", 3 - "satisfactory", 2 - "bad"). For example, you need to evaluate the quality of the basketball player in the control or calendar meeting. Suppose that the following points were taken to evaluate: 1) attitudes towards the game, 2) activity and effectiveness of action in the attack, 3) activity and effectiveness of action in defense, 4) composure and will to victory. For each of the listed components, the player received the following ratings: 5, 3, 4, 4. We fold these estimates, we obtain the amount of 16 points. The amount obtained is divided by the number of components (16: 4 \u003d 4). Thus, in our example, the player receives 4 points per speech in this meeting, that is, "Good." The method of analysis and synthesis is the main method of pedagogical control. The feasibility and efficiency of the activity sent by the coach is directly proportional to the accuracy of analyzing pedagogical observations and accounting. The underestimation of analysis or synthesis adversely affects the results of the workout. 93 The use of this method makes it possible to continuously improve the preparation plan. For example, the annual preparation plan when applying this method is adjusted as many times a year, however, there are work plans, since the analysis of the implementation of the previous work plan makes it possible to make appropriate adjustments in drawing up the next work plan. VII.2. Meaning and types of pedagogical accounting One of the most important conditions for obtaining timely, complete and accurate information on the progress of the training of players and the team is well organized accounting. The whole process of preparation, execution of training classes, team performances in competitions, pedagogical and medical control data are subject to accounting. There are three types of accounting: the current, stage, final. Current accounting is the main one. He reflects the entire educational work carried out in the day. This includes attendance registrations, accounting for training for training and competitions, accounting for training loads, accounting for the material studied and the quality of his assimilation, the results of the competition, cultural and politician activities, the main data of medical control. Right accounting is carried out with the aim of summing up the results of training and educational work for the term of work plans, i.e. For the stage (month) or training period, it is conducted on sections corresponding to the partitions of work plans, and is complemented by total data on the main sections of pedagogical control. In the final accounting, the results of training, competitive and educational work are summed up for the validity period of current and promising plans, i.e., for a winter or summer training cycle, for the year. 94 Commanded final accounting is conducted according to the sections of current and promising plans, and individual - sections of individual plans. Documents for accounting are the magazine, the coach diary and the athlete diary. The log is required in each group or team. It is intended to keep current accounting. The main sections of the magazine: 1. List composition and personal data about engaged in (year of birth, growth, nationality, party, education, place of work or study, sports discharge, home address). 2. Accounting attendance. 3. Accounting covered material. 4. Accounting for academic performance (results of test exercises, standards). 5. Accounting for participation in competitions. The coach diary is a comprehensive document reflecting all types of planning and taking into account training and educational work. The main sections of the coach diary: 1. List composition and personal data about engaged. 2. Accounting attendance. 3. Perspective preparation plan. 4. Annual preparation plans. 5. Work plans for training. 6. Accounting for the material passed. 7. Accounting for the results of control tasks and test tests. 8. Accounting for the results of participation in competitions. 9. Accounting for performing work plans. 10. The execution of annual plans. 95 Maintaining a diary athlete contributes to a more conscious relation to the training process and participation in competitions, as well as the advice of the coach and the doctor. Regular recordings make an athlete analyze their successes and failures. The validity of the diary must correspond to the term of the promising plan. The athlete diary contains the following sections: 1. Personal data athlete. 2. Characteristics of physical, technical, tactical and theoretical training. 3. Perspective preparation plan. 4. Annual preparation plans. 5. Power (working) preparation plans. 6. Control tasks and results of their execution. 7. Results of participation in competitions. 8. Daily records for each occupation and competition with critical analysis of the implementation of individual tasks and records of self-control data (pulse, weight, well-being). 9. Accounting for the implementation of gradual preparation plans. 10. The execution of annual preparation plans. 11. The execution of a promising preparation plan. 12. Dental inspections. 96 Sample test tasks by section "Basketball" Specification: Choose the correct answer 1. Simultaneously on the basketball court during the competition may be: 1) 5 people 2) 8 people 3) 10 people 4) 12 people 2. Player stopped after the ball , It has the right: 1) Perform the transfer of the ball to the partner 2) Resume the maintenance of the ball 3) to roll the ball into the ring 4) Ask for the judge the right to replace 3. The ownership of the ball includes the following techniques: 1) catching 2) throw 3) interception 4) Keeping 5) Transfer 4. When the opponent's stroke is the following actions: 1) alternation of the ball right and left hand 2) maintaining the ball of the far towards the opponent hand 3) juggling ball 4) keeping the ball neighboring in relation to the opponent's hand 97 5. Each type of basic technical techniques of ownership of the ball in the basketball, select the most appropriate answer, marked with the letter: 1. Catching A: Reception in basketball, which gives the player's ability to move with the ball on the area E with large speed ranges at any direction 2. Maintaining b: Reception by which the player sends the ball to the partner to continue the attack 3. Transfer to: receiving, with which the player can confidently master the ball and take further attacking actions with him 6. To Each definition characterizing the physical quality of the basketball player, pick up the answer marked by the letter: 1. The ability of the basketball player to perform technical techniques at high speed at A: jumper basketball player throughout the game. 2. The ability to multiple fulfillment b: special jump gaming action with optimal speed muscular efforts. Basketball player 3. The ability to play in a high pace without reducing performance in: high-speed endurance of technical techniques. 4. The ability to perform movement on the site and technical techniques in the minimum g: jump endurance for certain conditions of time cut. 5. The ability to jump is optimally high to perform shots, covering and selecting a ball. 98 D: Gaming endurance 7. Choose options: A - If both parts have the right wording and the rationale for accurately explains the meaning of the approval, B - if the approval and the rationale is formulated correctly, but the second is not the right substantiation of the first. C - if the statement is correct, and the rationale is incorrect. D - if the statement is erroneous, and the justification is correct. E - if the approval and the rationale is wrong. Approval Justification 1. The rate of maintenance of the ball does not depend on the height of the ball rebound from the site and the angle, under which the ball is heading to the site. 1. The unexpected change in the speed of the ball is applied by a player for separating from the defender. The higher the rebound and the less of its angle, the greater the speed of promotion. 1. Transfer by one hand from the shoulder the most common way to transfer the ball into close and medium distance with minimal time for shuffles and good control over the ball. 2. Maintaining with an asynchronous rhythm of the movements of the hand with a ball and legs is successfully used to stroke 2-3 opponents. 2. Additional movement of hand brush at the time of departure the ball does not allow the player in the large range to change the direction and the path of the ball of the ball. 3. The interception of the ball during transmission depends, above all, from the timeliness and speed of action of the defender. 4. The accuracy of the throw in the basket from distant distances is determined by physical training of a basketball player. 99 3. Protection is very difficult to choose the moment to knock out the ball or guess the direction of the passage, because The rhythm and the tempo of the movement of the hand with the ball do not coincide with the rhythm and the tempo of the run. 4. The attacker is waiting for the ball on the spot, does not meet the ball, it is relatively difficult to intercept him: you should catch the ball with one or two hands in a jump after a jerk. 5. In the absence of active counteraction of the defender, throwing from far distance is most effective performed by a physically strong basketball player. 8. The team owned by the ball moved into a positional attack and created a condition for performing a throw due to the 3-point line. The attacker accurately sends the ball into the basket with an active countering of the defender who has time to hit the hand of the throwing. The judge takes the following solution: A: The ball is not counted, and 3 penalties are prescribed: the ball is counted, and the defending team introduces the ball into the game due to the front line in: the ball is counted and the striker is counted on which a violation was committed by 1 Bonus penalty throw G: The ball is counted, and the attacker team gets the right to introduce the ball into the game due to the side line. 9. The player with the management goes the central line and falls under the tight guardianship player of the defending team, which forces to make a transfer to the rear zone to his partner. Being a judge, take the right decision when evaluating this game episode: A: The game continues b: The player who has made a transfer to the rear zone receives a personal note in: the ball is transmitted to the defending team to throw out due to the side line G: A "controversious ball" and Judge with the help of the draw determines the team that will own the ball. 100 Answers to exemplary test tasks by section "Basketball" 1. 3 2. 1.3 3. 1,2,4,5 4. 2 5. 1-B, 2-A, 3-B 6. 1-B, 2-g, 3-d, 4-b, 5-A 7. 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B, 5-E 8. In 9. In 101 recommended literature 1. Baula, N .P. Basketball [Text]: Game Tactics 5-6 Classes / N.P. Baul, V.I. Kherherenko. - M.: Clean ponds, 2005. - 32C. 2. Gomelsky, A.Ya. Basketball Encyclopedia from Gomel [Text]. - M.: Grand, 2002. - 352c. 3. Guba, V.P., Fomin, S.G, Chernov S.V. Features of the selection in basketball [text]. - M.: Physical Education and Sport, 2006. - 144c. 4. Dorokhov, R.N., Guba, V.P. Sports Morphology [Text]: Education. Location. For higher and medium specials. Institutions of physical culture /R.N.Dorokhov, V.P. Buba. - M.: Sportacadempress, 2002. - 236c. 5. Kostikova, L.V. Basketball [Text]. - M.: Physical Education and Sport, 2002. - 176c. 6. Kuzin, V.V. Basketball [Text]: The initial stage of learning. / V.V.Kuzin, S.A. Polievsky. - M.: Physical Education and Sport, 2002. - 136c. 7. Nesterovsky, D.I. Basketball [Text]: Theory and Training Methodology: studies. Location. / D.I.nesterovsky. - M.: Academy, 2004. - 336. 8. Yakhontov, E.R. Physical training of basketball players [text]: Tutorial. / E.R.Yyontov. - 3rd ed. Pererab. and add. - St. Petersburg: Olympia, 2006. - 134c. 102.